Course Outline

Course Title: Introduction to Logic Course No: BS (A/F): GEN209Class: BS (A/F), BS (Commerce) Course No: BS (Commerce): GEN209B.Com (Annual System) B.Com (Annual System): Part I, Paper IX

Course Objectives

Logic is a science of all thinkable states of affairs. However, it is a discipline without subject matter. It means that it studies the relation among propositions to discover valid forms of argument. So it improves the capability of reasoning. With the knowledge of logic students can demarcate valid and fallacious arguments as well as they become habitual of critical thinking.

Following are the objectives of the course.

1. To improve the reasoning ability of the students.2. To make students capable to demarcate fallacious and valid arguments.3. To introduce to students application of logic in administrative sciences.4. To develop decision making ability based on logical reasoning, which is crucial pre- requisite for successful managers.

There will be practical exercises with the theoretical introduction to the topics.

Section Topic Source

I

Introduction to Philosophy & LogicHistorical Introduction to LogicAristotelian Logic Modern Mathematical/ Symbolic Logical

Ch 1, Book 2

Recent Developments in LogicModal LogicFuzzy LogicFree Logic

Ch 1, Book 1

Critical ThinkingCritical Thinking and Validity of Thought

Ch 1, Book 4

Basic Logical ConceptsProposition & SentenceProposition & its AnalysisWhat is an argument?Argument Forms.

Ch 1, Book 2Ch 1, Book 3

Argument & Non ArgumentWell Crafted ArgumentPremisesDeduction & ValidityInduction & Probability

Ch 1, Book 2Ch 1, Book 3

Validity, Truth, Soundness, Strength, Cogency & Reasoning.Three Basic Functions of LanguageForms of Discourse

Ch 1, Book 2 Ch 2, Book 1

Introduction to Symbolic LogicTranslating Statement and PunctuationNegation, Conjunction & Disjunction

Ch 6, Book 2

Conditional Statement & ImplicationMaterial Equivalence & LogicalEquivalence

Ch 6, Book 2Ch 8, Book 3

Section Topic Source

II

Argument FormsSome Common Valid Argument FormsSome Common Invalid Argument FormsCategorical Proposition & ClassesQuality, Quantity and Distribution

Ch 8, Book 3Ch 5, Book 3

Paradox, Dilemma & FallacyGeneral Schema of Standard Form Categorical PropositionStandard Form Categorical SyllogismsMajor, Minor & Middle termsMoodFigure

Ch 5 & 6, Book 3

Method of DeductionFormal Proof of Validity

Ch 7, Book 2

III

Proof of InvalidityIntroduction to Quantification TheoryQuantificationTraditional Subject – Predicate Proposition

Ch 9, Book 3Ch 10, Book 3

Nature of Inductive ArgumentScience & Induction

Ch 9, Book 2

Argument by AnalogyRefutation by Analogy

Ch 11, Book 3

Recommended Text:1. Restall, G. (2006). Logic: An Introduction, Taylor & Francis Group, New York.2. Herley, P.J. (2003). A Concise Introduction to Logic, Woods worth /Thomason Learning Incorporation, Belmont.3. Copi, I.M. (2002) Introduction to Logic, (11th edition) Pearson Education Inc, Delhi.4. Vaughn, L. (2005) The Power of Critical Thinking, Oxford University

MODEL PAPER FOR B.COM PART 1 ANNUAL EXAMINATION SYSTEM 2009 & ONWARDS

INTRODUCTION TO LOGIC

SUBJECTIVE PART TIME ALLOWED = 90 MINUTES MAX MARKS = 45

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES: This paper comprises of 3 Sections. Attempt ONLY ONE question from each section Each question carries 15 marks.

SECTION-I

Q. 1) Write an introductory note on logic and its branches: induction and deduction.Q. 2) Use truth table to decide the truth value of following argument.

SECTION-II

Q. 3) Construct the formal proof of validity of following argument.

Q. 4) Construct the proof of invalidity of the following argument.

SECTION-III

Q. 5) Construct the formal proof of validity of following argument.

Q. 6) Construct the formal proof of validity of the following argument, in each case using the suggested notations:No gamblers are happy. Some idealists are happy. Therefore some idealists are not gamblers. (Gx, Hx, Ix)

MODEL PAPER FOR B.COM PART 1 ANNUAL EXAMINATION SYSTEM 2009 & ONWARDS

INTRODUCTION TO LOGIC

OBJECTIVE PART TIME ALLOWED = 30 MINUTES MAX MARKS = 30

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES: This paper comprises 30 MCQs. Each MCQ carries 1 mark. Encircle the correct option only. Cutting, overwriting and use of ink remover is not allowed.

1) ……………….. is group of statements that have common conclusion.a) Propositionb) Argumentc) Fallacyd) Thought

2) ……………….. is founder of logica) Aristotleb) Al Farabic) Allama Iqbald) Kant

3) ……………….. argument has probable conclusiona) Inductiveb) Deductivec) Syllogisticd) Fallacious

4) ……………….. is sentence that contains information that can be accepted or denieda) Questionb) Propositionc) Counter-exampled) symbol

5) Founder of modern logic is ………………..a) Platob) C A Qadirc) Freged) Mill

6) In squire of opposition if proposition A is true then proposition E is ………………..a) Trueb) Falsec) Underminedd) Determined

7) Categorical propositions are of ……………….. kindsa) Twob) Fourc) Fived) Eight

e)8) ……………….. is collection of all objects that have some

specified characteristics in commona) Setb) Classc) Sentenced) Proposition

9) A syllogism can be tested through ……………….. diagram techniquea) Modernb) Traditionalc) Vennd) Bool

10) A fallacy is ……………….. argumenta) Trueb) Falsec) Validd) Invalid

11) Quantification is symbolization of inner structure of ………………..a) Diagramb) Argumentc) Truthd) Proposition

12) ……………….. is a symbol used as a place holder for an individual constanta) Propositional functionb) Simple predicatec) Individual constantd) Individual variable

13) ……………….. is the symbol of Universal Quantifier

a)

b)

c)

d)14) Science is based on ……………….. argument

a) Deductiveb) Fallaciousc) Inductived) Certain

15) Science starts from ………………..a) Problemb) Hypothesisc) Thinkingd) Theory

NOTE: Only 15 MCQ’s (5 MCQ’s from each section) are provided for specimen purposes. Actual paper will comprise 30 MCQ’s (10 MCQ’s from each section)