Pathfinder Community Day

Agenda10.00 Pathfinder Steering Group Panel

• DfT - Aviation Strategy & Policy Updates James Bell

• BEIS – Future Flight Gordon Baker

• CAA – Regulatory Sandbox Launch, Policy & Brexit Kevin Woolsey

• TSC – UTM Project Outcomes & Pathfinder updates Ed Anastassacos

• Pathfinder Challenges & Priorities James Bell

11.30 Q&A Ajay Modha

11.45 Coffee

12.00 Industry Presentations

• UTM CONOPs Project – Trax International Chris Barnes/Brent Day

• Flylogix Chris Adams

• Collins Aerospace Sean Camileri

• Future Flight ATI/Innovate

• Q&A

13.00-14.30 Networking Lunch

DfT Policy Updates & Aviation StrategyJames Bell

• Air Navigation Order amendment • Airport Restrictions March 2019• Digital maps – Dronesafe website

• Drone Bill• Additional police powers, associated

Fixed Penalty Notices• Significant cross-government working• Later in 2019

• Counter-Drones• Continuing to support Home Office and

CPNI

DfT Policy Update

• Drone Registration & Education System• Operator Registration, Pilot Competence• On track for Oct-Nov 19

• Unmanned Traffic Management• Transport Systems Catapult

– UTM White Paper• DfT Airspace Modernisation Strategy

– Incorporating ‘UTM’• Electronic Conspicuity

• Major step for all airspace users• Priority for DfT and CAA• Aviation Strategy Green Paper – policy

proposal

DfT Policy Update

• Recognises the importance of Drones and the opportunity available

• Chapter 6: Ensuring a Safe & Secure Way to Travel

• New Technologies• Electronic conspicuity

• Chapter 8: Encouraging Innovation & New Technology

• Automation• Electronic identification• Unmanned Traffic Management • Electrification• Data Sharing• Agile Regulation• Public Acceptance & Demonstration

BEIS – Future FlightGordon Baker

Civil Aviation Authority

Kevin Woolsey, UAS Policy Lead

The CAA UAS Unit

Presentation to the Pathfinder Community

UAS Unit Policy Lead – Kev Woolsey03 April 2019

What does UAS mean?

A small unmanned aircraft is..

“Any unmanned aircraft, other than a balloon or a kite, having a mass of not more than 20kg without its fuel but including any articles or equipment installed or attached at the commencement of its flight” Schedule 1 Air Navigation Order 2016

but, there are bigger ones…

..and they are all still aircraft. They are just piloted differently

UAS Unit remit

Remit:

To manage applications from UAS operators for complex Operational Safety Cases (OSCs); to manage applications

from National Qualified Entities (NQEs) who assess competency of less complex UAS permissions; manage

enforcement efforts and run our oversight regime (Sector Team); to influence, write and mange new UAS

regulation (Policy Team) and to understand and mitigate UAS safety risks (Cross Team).

UAS Unit remit and organisation

UK Law

EU Law

InternationalLaw

(ICAO)

InternationalStandards

(EUROCAE)

InternationalGuidance/ Policy

(JARUS)

National Policy National Guidance

Permissions

Exemptions

Safety Notices

Information Notices

DfT

CAA

We:Influence decisions at International / EU level

Advise on National regulatory decisions

Actively manage stakeholders within our regulatory scope

Communicate with the public (Drone Code)

Regulate our regulated community (permissions/exemptions etc)

Activity since set up

Demand Turnaround times Backlog Size of the UAS Unit

How UAS was paid forOperator and NQE

FeedbackOversight Enforcement process

Project Chatham Electronic ConspicuityInternational policy

makingSafety Data

Activity since set up

Manage demandReduce turnaround

timesRemove backlog

Right size the UAS Unit

Use budget flexibilityRespond to Operator and NQE Feedback

Put in place oversight Enforcement process

Restart Project Chatham

Become part of Electronic Conspicuity

Prioritise international policy making

Start Safety Data Sharing meeting

The Policy Team and its work

• Policy Lead

• Operations Specialist

• Operations Specialist

• Airworthiness Specialist

• Airworthiness Specialist

The Policy Team and its work

The Policy Team and its work

• Low/no risk

• Basic ruleset

• Operator Registration & RP competency reqs

• No involvement of Aviation Authority

• Less than 25kg

• VLOS

• 120m (400ft) max ‘height’

• 3 x sub categories based on product standards(‘CE mark’)

OPEN

• Med/Special risk

• cannot comply with Open cat

• Operational authorisation

• based on safety risk assessment

SPECIFIC

• Same regulatory regime as manned aviation

• Competent Authority Certificates• Transport of people or

DG

• Intended flight over assemblies

• Risk ’too high’ for Specific cat

• Current ‘manned’ regs to be adapted for UAS

CERTIFIED

• Harmonised Rules

• Operationally centric

• Safety Risk based

EU UAS Regulation

• Pragmatic for UK to align

BREXIT ‘Agnostic’

Applicable in June 2020

The Sector Team and its work

• Sector Lead

• Sector Inspector

• Sector Inspector

• Sector Surveyor

• Sector Surveyor

• Sector Surveyor

Who we regulate

Sector Team work

• Hobbyist

• ANO articles 94 and 95

• Standard permission – Congested area / commercial

• Non-standard permission – BVLOS, EVLOS and reduced distances

• MOR data

• Work with manufacturers on safety

• Complexity triangles, EPT

• Human Factors

• DRES

Recent Events

• Gatwick/Heathrow/Birmingham

• Air Navigation Order Updates

• EU Regulation

Some Future Dates

• Share the Air – 27 June 2019

• EU Regulations• In force estimated June 2019

• Implemented 12 months later

• Drone Registration and Education Scheme - 30 Nov 2019

Innovation Tools

• Innovation Gateway (April 2019)• Encourage innovators to engage with the CAA

• Triage incoming queries

• Advocate innovation and economic growth

• Regulatory Sandbox• Test innovative solutions that don’t fit within current framework

• Maximise regulatory readiness of innovation

• Anticipate future innovation and manage future regulation

• Regulatory Lab• Longer term identify specific regulatory challenges to innovation

Questions

Open Access UTM Project

Edward AnastassacosUAS Systems Engineer

Heading UTM RESEARCH OBJECTIVES

• Understand what problems UTM will need to cope with

• Inform Government on potential UTM approaches to Architecture

• Roles and Responsibilities

• Communications

• Support industry to propose UTM Concept of Operations

• What are the major research areas within UTM for PHASE 2

ROLE OF THE TRANSPORT SYSTEMS CATAPULT

GROWING THE UK ECONOMY

COORDINATE WITH GOVERNMENT

COORDINATE WITH INDUSTRY

IDENITFY BARRIERS

UK INITIATIVES

UNLOCK CAPABILITIES

COMMERCIA-LISATION

PROGRAMME CONSORTIUM

COORDINATE WITH GOVERNMENT

COORDINATE WITH INDUSTRY

PRINCIPLES, CRITERIA1

UTM ARCHITECTURES, COMMUNICATION FRAMEWORK2

UTM SCENARIOS3

UTM OPERATION4

UTM KEY SERVICES5

OPEN ACCESS UTM - SUBJECT MATTERS

OPEN UTM - CRITERIA

• SAFETY

• SECURITY

• TRANSPARENCY

• FLEXIBILITY

• SCALABILITY

OPEN UTM - ARCHITECTURE

• UAS OPERATOR• UTM SERVICE PROVIDER• ATM• PUBLIC AUTHORITIES• OTHER SERVICES• UTM CORE SERVICE

• ROLES WITHIN UTM ARCHITECTURE

OPEN UTM - ARCHITECTURE

UTM SERVICE PROVIDER

• PROVIDES A DEGREE OF STRATEGIC, TACTICAL DECONFLICTION

• AS ASSUMED NECESSARY FOR SOME FUTURE BVLOS

• ENGAGES WITH AIRSPACE STAKEHOLDERS TO COORDINATE AIRSPACE USE

• IMPROVES SITUATIONAL AWARENESS

• IT IS NOT ABOUT SIMPLE DATA PROVISION

OPEN UTM - ARCHITECTURE

UTM CORE SERVICE

• MAJOR RESPONSIBILITIES• MAINTAIN UTM INFORMATION

REPOSITORIES:

• USER, VEHICLE REGISTRATION

• TFR REGISTRIES

• UTM SP AUTHORISATION

• UTM SP DISCOVERY

• ENCODE REGULATIONS

OPEN UTM - OPERATIONS

• NOMINAL, BASLINE OPERATIONAL PROCEDURE

• 3 STEP:• PRE-FLIGHT [CLICK]• IN-FLIGHT [CLICK]• POST-FLIGHT

• CONDUCT TYPICAL OPERATIONS

• APPLY A LAYER CONFLICT RESOLUTION FRAMEWORK

OPEN UTM - COMMUNICATIONS

• Communication Requirements• Cooperative UTM data exchange • General communication APIs• Dedicated APIs for other services• Builds on other initiatives around the

world

• Baseline API message specifications outlined

• Validate through Simulation and Trials

OPEN UTM - SCENARIOS

• SCENARIO GENERATION:

• CLASS OF OPERATIONS

• APPLY OPERATION INTERVENTION

• IMPLEMENT CORRESPONDING UTM DE-CONFLICTION

• COMBINATION OF ABOVE INSTANCES

# OPERATIONS DESCRIPTION

1VLOS operation in

uncontrolled airspace

A VLOS flight of a UAS is maintained within 500m from the operator, and below

400ft. Operators seeking to conduct VLOS flights are not required to seek …

2VLOS operation in

controlled airspace

A VLOS flight within the boundaries of controlled airspace. The operator

(potentially through the UTM Service Provider) is expected to engage with …

3BVLOS operation in

uncontrolled airspace

This use-case considers BVLOS flight in uncontrolled airspace, not near an

airport and are limited to flight below 400ft. BVLOS operators are assumed …

4BVLOS operation in

controlled airspace

This use-case considers BVLOS flight in uncontrolled airspace, not near an

airport and are limited to flight below 400ft. As with #3, BVLOS operators …

# INTERVENTIONS DESCRIPTION QUESTIONS

1

In-flight conflict with

dynamic geo-

fence/exclusion zone

• TFRs are dynamically applied within

the area of operation …

• What happens to UAS in-flight,

external to exclusion zone?

• …

2De-confliction with Blue-

Lights services

BL Helicopter flies through airspace

occupied by UAS. Airspace must…

• How is emergency protocol

implemented?

• …

3UAS Conflict with Non-

Cooperative UAS

A non-cooperative UAS is detected

and determined to be operating …

• How is information of non-

cooperative UAS communicated

across the UTM …

4Flight path conflict between

cooperative UAS

In some circumstances, cooperative

UAS flight paths may interfere. …

• How is tactical deconfliction by UTM

Service Providers managed?

• …

5 … … • …

OPEN UTM - SCENARIOS

• SCENARIO GENERATION:

• CLASS OF OPERATIONS

• APPLY OPERATION INTERVENTION

• IMPLEMENT CORRESPONDING UTM DE-CONFLICTION

• COMBINATION OF ABOVE INSTANCES

# DESCRIPTION OBJECTIVES OPERATIONS INTERVENTIONS

A

Multiple UAS operations in uncontrolled and

controlled airspace. Each UTM Service

Provider will manage multiple instances of

VLOS and BVLOS operations in

uncontrolled airspace.

Note: Coordination with ATC does not mean

ATC intervention

• Demonstrate inter-UTM

negotiation for strategic airspace

deconfliction

• Demonstrate engagement and

airspace coordination with ATC

• Multiple

operations of type

#1

• Multiple

operations of type

#3

• Intervention #4

B

Multiple UAS operations in uncontrolled and

controlled airspace with ATC coordination to

manage airspace deconfliction with high-

priority emergency services - i.e. helicopter

intersecting flight paths and operating areas

of Scenario A.

An exclusion zone is established around the

site of an incident, where the helicopter can

approach and land before departing.

• Demonstrate inter-UTM

negotiation for strategic airspace

deconfliction

• Demonstrate engagement and

airspace coordination with ATC

• Demonstrate how authorities

might insert exclusion zones, and

appropriate information is

disseminated through the UTM

network.

• Multiple

operations of type

#1

• Multiple

operations of type

#3

• Intervention #1

• Intervention #2

• Intervention #4

• Intervention #10

• Intervention #10

C

Multiple UAS operations in uncontrolled and

controlled airspace with ATC coordination to

manage airspace deconfliction. Lost control

and communication with UAS, requiring

action to mitigate risk to other cooperative

airspace users.

• Demonstration inter-UTM

negotiation for strategic airspace

deconfliction

• Demonstration inter-UTM

negotiation for tactical airspace

deconfliction

• Demonstration engagement and

airspace coordination with ATC

• Multiple

operations of type

#1

• Multiple

operations of type

#3

• Intervention #2

• Intervention #5

• Intervention #6

• Intervention #7

• Intervention #10

OPEN UTM - KEY SERVICES, CONSIDERATIONS

• PERMISSIONS MANAGEMENT• CONTROLLED AIRSPACE• UNCONTROLLED AIRSPACE• ATM INTERFACE• RISK MITIGATION

• DYNAMIC TFRs -> UVRs• WHO CAN ISSUE?• HOW ARE THEY ISSUED?

• UTM SERVICE DISCOVERY• PROCESS, METHODOLOGY• CONTROL HANDOVER

• INTER-UTMSP NEGOTIATION• FLIGHT/AIRSPACE PRIORITISATION• FLIGHT PLAN NEGOTIATION• LOCAL UTM NETWORK (LUN)

• FLIGHT PLANNING AND REALTIME TELEMETRY

• FLIGHT NOTICE BOARD METHODOLOGY• TELEMETRY BROADCAST

REQUIREMENTS

NEXT STEPS

• RELEASE OPEN UTM WHITEPAPER

• VALIDATION OF FINDINGS THROUGH SIMULATION

• DEVELOPMENT OF:

• CONFLICT MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK

• OPERATIONAL FRAMEWORK

• DYNAMIC AIRSPACE MANAGEMENT

• TRIALS AND DEMONSTRATIONS

End

Edward AnastassacosSystems Engineer, Transport Systems Catapult

Challenges & PrioritiesJames Bell

08 April 2019

Pathfinders: The Need For Change

43

Transparency & collaboration

Clearer, more defined goals

Clear criteria for projects and outcomes

Articulation of the benefits

08 April 2019

Building Foundations: Governance Framework

44

✓ Clear programme vision, mission and methodology

✓ Clarity on the organisation & governance

✓ Articulates the benefits of the programme to UK plc

✓ … and the benefits of being a Pathfinder Project

✓ Clear criteria for becoming and remaining a PF Project

✓ Prioritised Programme “Challenges”: Driving forward progress

08 April 2019

The Pathfinder Framework

45

PATHFINDER FRAMEWORK

BENEFITS CRITERIA

CONTEXT VISION METHOD

Pathfinder

Framework

introduced in Nov

18.

Providing a structure

for collaboration

and sharing to

support the UK.

Benefits of

Pathfinder…

- To participant

projects.

- To the

community.

- To the UK.

Criteria by which

new projects are

gauged and

existing projects

are monitored.

To ensure fair

access, clear

justifications, as

well as ensuring

positive progress

towards the

vision.

08 April 2019

The Pathfinder Framework

46

PATHFINDER FRAMEWORK

BENEFITS CRITERIA

CONTEXT VISION METHOD

CHALLENGES

We identified the

need to prioritise

and articulate the

key hurdles or

challenges faced in

bringing a BVLOS

drone service to

market.

Necessary to

support the rest of

the Framework, and

to provide direction

and drive for the

programme.

It is intended that the

Challenges will

adapt in response to

safety and regulatory

requirements;

changing demands

in the market; or new

strategic direction.

08 April 2019

The Pathfinder Framework

47

PATHFINDER FRAMEWORK

BENEFITS CRITERIA

CONTEXT VISION METHOD

CHALLENGES

PATHFINDER CHARTER

End-User ClientDrone solution

provider

Local

Authorities

Other

RegulatorsAssociations

System

integrator

Connecting the solution

with the end-user to

reach both a viable

service for the customer

and a new opportunity

for the UK

A Pathfinder Charter,

mutually agreed for

each project, setting

out the intentions and

expectations.

08 April 2019

The Pathfinder Challenges

Articulating the challenges

faced in bringing a new BVLOS

drone-based service to market

in the UK.

But first… a reminder

08 April 2019

Objective 1

ROUTINE BVLOS operations

in UNSEGREGATED airspace

08 April 2019

Objective 2

Enabling operations

with CROSS-CUTTING applicability

08 April 2019

Objective 3

Enabling

SAFE,

SECURE &

SUSTAINABLE

operations

08 April 2019

Quick Caveats

The Pathfinder Challenges…

✓ Are not exhaustive (majority for the majority)

✓ Highest priority, with the biggest impact

✓ Collated from input

… Government

… CAA

… Industry

… Academia

Continued input required

CO

MM

UN

ICA

TIO

N

RF spectrum access & risks Access to/requirements for robust RF spectrum - Is there a case for establishing the threats to command and control link performance on

ISM bands? Do these threats justify seeking alternative spectrum or alternative methods for improving robustness?

Command and control range

capabilitiesIs there a case for establishing control link performance and limitations for systems based on COTS devices? Do practical, economical

methods exist for extending command and control link range for BVLOS operations?

Understanding of the BVLOS operating

environment not visible to the remote

pilot

How should this information be presented to the remote pilot/autonomous sUAS? Is there a case for setting minimum requirements in terms

of the information presented to and used by the remote pilot? terrain, weather, other airspace users, airspace restrictions, etc

Robustness of the Comms linkIs there a case for establishing interference level thresholds for command and control link performance on ISM bands? Do these threats

justify seeking alternative spectrum or alternative methods for improving interference tolerance?

External limiting factorsIf RF spectrum proves to be a limiting factor to sUAS functionality, what Is the trajectory needed to build in appropriate levels of automation

onboard the sUAS?

NA

VIG

AT

ION Reliance on GNSS

GPS/GNSS is heavily relied upon for positioning, but is susceptible to service interruption through jamming, spoofing and interference. Is

there scope for exploring alternative methods of navigation capability such as radio positioning services (cellular communications), signals of

opportunity (cell towers, radio/TV broadcast signals) etc?

Radio positioning service capabilities Are current networks sufficiently resilient and have appropriate levels of performance and what are the risks and barriers to implementation?

Geofencing and geo-awareness

capabilities

What is acceptable in terms of positioning performance and availability? Can it be met by current COTS GNSS receivers and are back-up

solutions capable of achieving it? Enhancements to the GNSS capabilities - Is there a case for requiring multi-constellation or augmented

GNSS systems for BVLOS operations to maintain system availability? How can current GNSS be made more robust and less susceptible to

jamming, spoofing and interference?

SU

RV

EIL

LA

NC

E Non-cooperative surveillanceThis has advantages in terms of sUAS operator burden and cost and impact on the current aviation system but has operational

disadvantages in terms of UA visibility. Can Non-cooperative surveillance provide an effective safety net for BVLOS operations?

Management of unmanned trafficHow can other airspace users be detected and information on them be presented to remote pilots in a manner that does not require

cooperative surveillance or impact the current aviation system?

Providing the airspace pictureHow can this be made available to a number of airspace participants to provide a useful level of situational awareness and in which

environments should this be considered a requirement? What information needs to be displayed by the drone to enable target depiction? How

can interoperability of different information gathering tools be assured?

Topographic IntelligenceHow can topographic features such as hazardous terrain be added to produce a 3D airspace picture? How can this information be integrated

with the communication and navigation aspects?

Safety Challenges v1

Operational Challenges v1

Long Linear BVLOS

in Rural / Remote / Low Population

Large Area Surveys

in Rural / Remote / Low Population

Urban BVLOS*

One-to-Many

Drones

Robust, Resilient, Redundant

*…think different!

08 April 2019

The Pathfinder Challenges: The Approach

55

08 April 2019

The Pathfinder Challenges: The Approach

56

* All ✓s are illustrative

OUTPUTS include…

5) Technical standards

6) Technical solutions

7) Technical mitigations

With a research focus

Cross-cutting

Applicable across

multiple categories of

operation

Blockers to routine,

unsegregated

e.g.

Reliance on GPS

Detect & Avoid

08 April 2019

The Pathfinder Challenges: The Approach

57

* All ✓s are illustrative

OUTPUTS include…

1) Standard scenarios

2) CONOPs

3) Operational mitigations

with a commercial focus

08 April 2019

The Pathfinder Challenges: The Approach

58

* All ✓s are illustrative

Information at the

intersections

between Safety &

Operational

challenges Post-Test

Pre-Test

08 April 2019

Next Steps

Feedback on the Approach, the Safety and

Operational Challenges

Set up the mechanisms (database,

assessments, etc)

Open to new projects

59

COFFEE 15 mins

Industry Presentations….

Unmanned Integration CONOPS

Brent Day, Trax International

BEYOND THE HORIZON REMOTE OFFSHORE INSPECTION

82

PROBLEM

Unmanned aviation services offer reduction in cost and risk for all three

OUR CUSTOMERS NEED THREE BROAD CATEGORIES OF REMOTE SERVICES

VISUAL

INSPECTION

GAS

DETECTIONDELIVERY

83

OUR FOCUS

Existing solutions are cost-prohibitive and existing regulations currently exclude routine BVLOS operations

WE HAVE FOCUSED OUR DEVELOPMENT AROUND THREE DISTINCT PRINCIPLES

LOW COST BVLOS SERVICE

84

CURRENT OPERATIONCURRENT SYSTEM ENABLES DELIVERY OF A

COMMERCIAL SERVICE AT ACCESSIBLE PRICE POINT

85

CHALLENGES

86

LOCAL OPERATING PROCEDURES

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES

LIAISON WITH SEARCH AND RESCUE

HAZID

OBTAINING A CAA LICENSE

RISK ASSESSMENT

SAFETY CASE

LIAISON WITH ATC

LIAISON WITH LOCAL SCHOOLS

OPERATIONS TODAY

We currently have permissions from

the CAA for operations in the

North Sea, Aberporth,

Aberdeen and the Solent.

87

We are working on a collaborative project with OGTC, NATS and Total to open airspace in the North Sea

Underpinned by commercial contracts with a range of blue chip companies

If I have seen further, it is only by standing on the shoulders of giants.

-Isaac Newton-

How can we help you?

How can we work together to secure a future where UAVs are

able to operate routinely?

BEYOND THE HORIZON REMOTE OFFSHORE INSPECTION

91

OUR TEAM

REMOVING PEOPLE FROM HARM & TRANSFORMING

DATA ACQUISITION

COLLABORATIVE OBJECTIVES

Going Beyond Visual Line of Sight

ALIGNING REQUIREMENTS

• All sectors looking to perform long linear surface, perimeter and asset inspections as well as incident response

• Overlapping airspace interests where Road, Rail and Airports intersect

• Desire for scalable and open architecture solutions

• High focus on proving safe operations, and in turn use safe drone operations to increase employee and public safety

CAPABILITY APPROACH

• System as a Service by combining discriminatory capabilities

• Open architecture and ability to integrate with existing and developing systems

• Platform and payload agnostic

• AMEY ensuring data capture and analysis meet the sector needs

• AMEY/VTOL developing a drone platform and payloads

• Collins Aerospace providing the required operational infrastructure including UTM, C2 and Virtual Environment

• Partnering to fill the gaps…

• Working closely with the end user to

identify their data acquisition needs

• Simulating the use cases in our virtual

environment to plan and validate the

operations and develop the safety

case

• Developing a series of capability

pilots to phase in services gradually

as the appetite increases

USE CASE DEVELOPMENT

SIMULATION FIRST

LAYERED COMMSAND PAYLOAD LINKS

• CNPC – 1Ghz and 5Ghz Variants

• 4G – Public and Private

• SATCOM

• Wireless (2.4Ghz)

• Wired/Tethered

• Combinations

Designed to suit the use case and environment requirements

Augmenting existing infrastructures where possible

DATA ANALYTICS AND EXPLOITATION

NETWORKING LUNCH

& CHALLENGES WHITE BOARDS