patient-centered checklists_ the next frontier for engagement_
TRANSCRIPT
Checklit help u organize our live and procee and repreent an e�ective wa to enure that
important thing get done. Over a decade ago, one of u (P.J.P.) created a imple paper checklit
that de�ned actionale tak for central intravenou placement, reulting in a 70% decreae in the
rate of deadl central line–aociated loodtream infection (CLAI) in the United tate and
everal other countrie. ince then, checklit have permeated medical practice and have een
credited with making care afer upporting clinician deciionmaking, clarifing therapie to
avoid preventale harm, and augmenting communication among care team. When coupled with
e�ort to upport culture change and peer learning, checklit can help improve the qualit of
care. Oddl, the one takeholder who doe not et routinel ue checklit in medicine i the
patient. We elieve that the next phae in health care improvement will occur through patient
engagement, and we propoe that interactive checklit, or “martlit,” ma e the ke to
achieving thi ojective.
Facilitating Patient ngagement Through Checklit
Patient often face utantial uncertaint aout their dieae, rik, care option, followup, and,
mot important, ehavior that will help them to get well and ta well. However, much of the
information that i provided to patient i amiguou and generic. For example, dicharge
intruction for a patient who ha had a hip replacement are imilar to thoe for a patient with
heart failure in that oth et of intruction impl encourage the patient to follow up with their
phician. We elieve that cutomized, patientcentered checklit can help to mitigate uch
amiguit and facilitate patient engagement improving communication etween patient and
Care Redeign Leaderhip New Marketplace Patient ngagement
martlit for Patient: The Next Frontier for ngagement?
Article · Decemer 8, 2016Aad Latif, MD, MPH, Adil Haider, MD, MPH & Peter J. Pronovot, MD, PhD
John Hopkin Univerit
righam and Women' Hopital
their clinician, helping patient to make deciion, and enuring that patient perform important
tak, there reducing the rik of preventale harm.
Checklit work providing peci�c information regarding who need to act, what action need
to e taken, and how, where, and when each action hould occur. A uch, cutomized patient
centered checklit have a wide range of application, with the potential to improve patient
education, preprocedure planning, dicharge intruction, care coordination, chronic care
management, and plan for taing well. However, the utilit of current paperaed checklit i
poor. Conequentl, we elieve that it i time to replace the antiquated paperaed checklit with
a digital tool that can facilitate patientclinician communication and improve outcome.
ridging The Technological Gap: The Development Of An �ectiveMoile Platform
Given that cell phone and other electronic device are an integral part of modernda life and are
increaingl eing ued for the deliver and conumption of health care information, everal
companie have created moile platform featuring cutomized patientcentered checklit. In
addition to making peronalized checklit oth feaile and calale, electronic platform create a
mean of connecting producer and conumer of information.
An e�ective platform hould include at leat two level of patientoriented checklit: (1) general or
dieae and procedurepeci�c checklit including information regarding patient action and
how, when, and wh the hould occur, and (2) checklit cutomized the phician for
individual patient for the purpoe of encouraging clinicianpatient dialogue and individualized
care. uch a platform hould alo upport ea cutomization of content without requiring
clinician to tart from cratch, foter communication etween patient and clinician creating
alert and providing feedack on adherence, and facilitate learning and improvement
encouraging patient and clinician to ee what other have included on their checklit.
It i time to replace the antiquated paperaed checklit with a digital tool thatcan facilitate patientclinician communication and improve outcome.”
A cultural change i needed to convince patient and clinician to work together apartner. Doctor need to encourage dialogue with patient, and patient need to
Given our experience with the development and ue of checklit, we worked with engineer,
implementation pecialit, doctor, and, mot important, patient to create a cutomizale, elec
tronic, interactive, multimedia platform to make it ea for doctor and patient to develop
cutomized checklit, or “martlit,” for optimal care. Thi platform, which i free to patient and
old to provider, ha een deigned with eatoue earch technolog o that patient can
receive teptep checklit pertaining to nearl 1,000 urgical condition along with peci�c
quetion that the can ak their provider. ome adopter have cutomized their checklit and
made them interactive, there allowing the clinician to enure that the patient i on track during
hi or her health care journe. While it i too earl to comment on the impact of thi platform, one
practice ha reported that the ue of martlit ha een aociated with decreae in the numer
of emergenc room viit after urger, the numer of cancelled operation, and the amount of
time that o�ce ta� pend with patient on the phone. More formal teting of martlit i
underwa.
ridging The Cultural Gap: Facilitating The Adoption Of Checklit AA New tandard Of Care
In addition to the technical change decried aove, a cultural change i needed to convince
patient and clinician to work together a partner. Doctor need to encourage dialogue with
patient, and patient need to feel engaged in their own care. There i alo an information gap:
information i frequentl iloed, and peerlearning communitie, which have a vital role in
reducing health care–acquired infection, are largel aent. Our experience with implementing
checklit have led to everal inight that ma help to facilitate the adoption of patient checklit
a a new tandard of care.
feel engaged in their own care.”
ncourage cutomization from a template. When developing the CLAI checklit, we
found that the Center for Dieae Control and Prevention (CDC) guideline recommended 90
intervention without prioritizing which were mot important, cauing wide variation in
practice. Our checklit ummarized the recommendation regarding the �ve mot e�ective
practice with the lowet arrier to implementation, and we encouraged hopital to ue our
checklit a a template and to cutomize it a appropriate for their own ituation. If we had
encouraged all uer to follow our verion of the CLAI checklit, it i likel that uin would
have een poor and the endeavor would have failed mieral. While each cutomized
checklit varied minimall and contained the �ve mot important practice, ome uer
reformatted the item and inerted their logo and other added new item a appropriate for
1.
Linking Patient ngagement To Improved Outcome
Valid and tranparent meaure are needed to evaluate patient engagement, and thee meaure
mut e linked to improved outcome. The Patient Activation Meaure (PAM) o�er hope,
although it i not ued routinel in clinical practice. The variou Conumer Aement of
Healthcare Provider and tem (CAHP®) core provide valid meaure of a patient’
experience and can e enhanced if linked acro epiode of care.
The Next Frontier In Patient ngagement
their own context and culture. The ailit to create a cutomized checklit on the ai of an
exiting template reduced the time and e�ort that otherwie would have een required to
create a checklit from cratch. We encourage clinician to follow thi practice when creating
cutomized checklit for their own patient.
Create a learning communit. An eential factor that contriuted to the reduction in
loodtream infection wa the creation of a culture in which doctor and nure collaorated
to ak quetion, learn, and improve together. Thee communitie took man form, including
inperon meeting and weinar among multiple ICU within a hopital, health tem, or
tate. haring their own experience through thee learning communitie, clinician
topped viewing CLAI a inevitale and tarted viewing them a preventale. It i alo
important for patient to e part of thi learning communit. Patient are often heitant to
peak up and phician oppoe eing quetioned. If a checklit i to e e�ective, patient
hould e encouraged to quetion clinician, and clinician mut emrace eing quetioned
patient.
2.
Make implementation ea. When we tarted the CLAIreduction program, the CDC
guideline and our checklit recommended uing chlorhexidine to diinfect the kin, ut mot
central line inertion kit were prepackaged with povidoneiodine. Thu, clinician were
required to eek out chlorhexidine, and compliance wa undertandal low. To addre thi
iue, we worked directl with hopital leader and device manufacturer to aemle kit that
were prepackaged with chlorhexidine. making chlorhexidine the default option, thi one
change increaed compliance with the checklit from aout 20% to nearl 100%.
3.
Provide tranparent meaurement and accountailit. At the end of the da, reult matter.
In the CLAI e�ort, the CDC provided de�nition and mechanim to collect and report
valid, although not perfect, meaure of infection. Hopital and ICU leader reported and
reviewed thee infection and created hared accountailit for improvement. ta� in the ICU
poted the numer of patient with an infection and highlighted the week without an
infection. When an infection occurred, ta� invetigated and ought to identif gap in care.
The ritual of adding another week without an infection helped to engage all ta� in the e�ort.
4.
The Next Frontier In Patient ngagement
The e�ective ue of patientcentered checklit can align required action and incentive acro
the vat and complex health care tem (1) enuring that the ame critical information i
acceile to oth clinician and patient, (2) upporting hared deciionmaking, (3) encouraging
active participation of patient in their own care, and (4) facilitating the navigation of complex
potdicharge intruction. Ultimatel, martphoneaed checklit hould help care team and
patient work together to improve patient outcome.
Dicloure: All of the author are cofounder and hold equit in Patient Doctor Technologie, a tartup compan that eek to enhance the partnerhip etween patient and clinician with an applicationcalled Doctella.
Aad Latif, MD, MPHAitant Profeor, John Hopkin Univerit
Adil Haider, MD, MPHKeler Director, Center for urger and Pulic Health, righam and Women’ Hopital,Harvard Medical chool, and Harvard T.H. Chan chool of Pulic Health
Peter J. Pronovot, MD, PhDProfeor, John Hopkin Univerit; enior Vice Preident of Patient afet and Qualit,and Director, Armtrong Intitute for Patient afet and Qualit, John HopkinMedicine
DICU
HAR
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