patricia vieira. torture and the sublime

8/11/2019 Patricia Vieira. Torture and the Sublime.

1/16

DissidencesHispanic Journal of Teory and Criticism

Volume 1 | Issue 2 Article 10

11-29-2012

Torture and the Sublime. e Ethics of PhysicalPain in Garaje Olimpo

Patricia VieiraHarvard University

Follow this and additional works at: hp://digitalcommons.bowdoin.edu/dissidences

is Article / Artculo is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Bowdoin Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in

Dissidences by an authorized admi nistrator of Bowdoin Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected].

Recommended CitationVieira, Patricia (2006) "Torture and the Sublime. e Ethics of Physical Pain in Garaje Olimpo,"Dissidences: Vol. 1: Iss. 2, Article 10.Available at: hp://digitalcommons.bowdoin.edu/dissidences/vol1/iss2/10
http://digitalcommons.bowdoin.edu/dissidences?utm_source=digitalcommons.bowdoin.edu%2Fdissidences%2Fvol1%2Fiss2%2F10&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPageshttp://digitalcommons.bowdoin.edu/dissidences/vol1?utm_source=digitalcommons.bowdoin.edu%2Fdissidences%2Fvol1%2Fiss2%2F10&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPageshttp://digitalcommons.bowdoin.edu/dissidences/vol1/iss2?utm_source=digitalcommons.bowdoin.edu%2Fdissidences%2Fvol1%2Fiss2%2F10&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPageshttp://digitalcommons.bowdoin.edu/dissidences/vol1/iss2/10?utm_source=digitalcommons.bowdoin.edu%2Fdissidences%2Fvol1%2Fiss2%2F10&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPageshttp://digitalcommons.bowdoin.edu/dissidences?utm_source=digitalcommons.bowdoin.edu%2Fdissidences%2Fvol1%2Fiss2%2F10&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPagesmailto:[email protected]://digitalcommons.bowdoin.edu/dissidences/vol1/iss2/10?utm_source=digitalcommons.bowdoin.edu%2Fdissidences%2Fvol1%2Fiss2%2F10&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPagesmailto:[email protected]://digitalcommons.bowdoin.edu/dissidences/vol1/iss2/10?utm_source=digitalcommons.bowdoin.edu%2Fdissidences%2Fvol1%2Fiss2%2F10&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPageshttp://digitalcommons.bowdoin.edu/dissidences?utm_source=digitalcommons.bowdoin.edu%2Fdissidences%2Fvol1%2Fiss2%2F10&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPageshttp://digitalcommons.bowdoin.edu/dissidences/vol1/iss2/10?utm_source=digitalcommons.bowdoin.edu%2Fdissidences%2Fvol1%2Fiss2%2F10&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPageshttp://digitalcommons.bowdoin.edu/dissidences/vol1/iss2?utm_source=digitalcommons.bowdoin.edu%2Fdissidences%2Fvol1%2Fiss2%2F10&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPageshttp://digitalcommons.bowdoin.edu/dissidences/vol1?utm_source=digitalcommons.bowdoin.edu%2Fdissidences%2Fvol1%2Fiss2%2F10&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPageshttp://digitalcommons.bowdoin.edu/dissidences?utm_source=digitalcommons.bowdoin.edu%2Fdissidences%2Fvol1%2Fiss2%2F10&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages


2/16

Torture and the Sublime. e Ethics of Physical Pain in Garaje Olimpo

Keywords / Palabras clave

Garaje Olimpo, Argentina, Dictadura, Trauma, Ethics, Torture

is article / artculo is available in Dissidences: hp://digitalcommons.bowdoin.edu/dissidences/vol1/iss2/10
http://digitalcommons.bowdoin.edu/dissidences/vol1/iss2/10?utm_source=digitalcommons.bowdoin.edu%2Fdissidences%2Fvol1%2Fiss2%2F10&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPageshttp://digitalcommons.bowdoin.edu/dissidences/vol1/iss2/10?utm_source=digitalcommons.bowdoin.edu%2Fdissidences%2Fvol1%2Fiss2%2F10&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages


3/16

!"##"$%&'%#( *"#+,&"' -./0&,1 .2 34%.05 ,&$ 60"7"'"#8"#$ %"&&'(1

)*+,,+*-&.-,/0123405 678943: 7; 79? 34@ .90A0501B

3.07/0% ,&$ 74% 9/:1"8%(

34% ;74"'# .2 093 E /39F39@ G40F>910A?

C=?1053: 2304 01 7;A>4 @>1590H>@ 31 34 >I2>90>45> A=3A >:8@>1 9>29>1>4A3A074# +4 J7@? 04

C304 -:304> ,5399? >B2=310K>1 A=> 841=393H0:0A? 7; H7@0:? 18;;>904L 34@ 0@>4A0;0>1 9>101A345>

A7 :34L83L> 31 74> 7; 0A1 >11>4A03: 3AA90H8A>1# M 5>4A93: 5741>N8>45> 7; A=> @0;;058:A? A7

F>9H3::? >I29>11 2304 01 0A1 04F010H0:0A?# 901A05 H>57B>1 239A058:39:? 841>AA:04L 04 3

10A83A074 7; F07:>45> 289271>;8::? 04;:05A>@ 74 7A=>91O 1045> 0A1 0418H1A34A03:0A? 3::7P1 ;79 0A1

@01B0113: 31 3 10@> >;;>5A 7; 3 239A058:39 27:05? 79 L7F>94B>4A# M 531> 04 2704A 01 A=>

8H0N80A781 81> 7; A79A89> H? A=> @05A3A7903: 9>L0B>1 7; MB>9053Q1 ,78A=>94 .74> @8904L A=>

$RS&1 34@ T&1O P=>4 A=78134@1 P>9> 18HB0AA>@ A7 A=> 2935A05>O U81A0;0>@ H? 3H1A935A 47A0741


4/16

!"##"$%&'%#( *"#+,&"' -./0&,1 .2 34%.05 ,&$ 60"7"'"#8"#$ %"&&'(2

185= 31 V04A>943: >4>B?W 79 V1>5890A? 7; A=> 1A3A>W# ,5399? 2704A1 A7 A=> 27A>4A03::? H>40L4

>;;>5A 7; >I29>1104L A=> 2304 0B271>@ 74 74>1>:; 79 74 347A=>9O 31 3 ;091A 1A>2 04 84B31X04L

0A1 9>3:0A? 34@ 04 L0F04L A=> A79A89>@ 17503: 34@ 27:0A053: 9>29>1>4A3A074#

9> 39> B34? 2>912>5A0F>1 ;97B P=05= A7 39A058:3A> @0157891>1 74 A79A89># 1A0B740>1 7;

F05A0B1 34@ A=>09 ;3B0:0>1O 9>279A1 H? =8B34 90L=A1 3L>450>1O 17503: 150>4A0;05 9>1>395= 34@

@758B>4A1 297@85>@ @8904L :>L3: 2975>@89>1 39> 2>9=321 17B> 7; A=> B79> 57BB74 A>IA1

74 A=> 18HU>5A# M:: A=>1> 355784A1 1=39> P=3A +@>:H>9 MF>:39 @>1590H>1 31 V38A=790A? A7

12>3XW %"YZ(# 09 :>L0A0B35? 3901>1 >0A=>9 ;97B H>04L A=> 9>18:A 7; 2>91743: >I2>90>45> 79

;97B A=>09 9>;>9>45> A7 U890@053:O 27:0A053: 79 150>4A0;05 7HU>5A0F>1# +4 A=> 531> 7; 0B3L0439?

59>3A0741 3H78A 2=?1053: 2304 A=> @>;040A074 7; 38A=790A? 01 B79> 57B2:>I#

;05A0743:0K3A074 7; A=> =79979 7; F07:>45> :>3@1 A7 3 N8>1A07404L 7; A=> 3>1A=>A051 34@ >A=051 7;

59>3A0F> 9>29>1>4A3A0741 74 A=01 18HU>5A# +4 A=01 >113? + P0:: 343:?K> A=> ;05A074 ;0:B [393U>

\:0B27 %$RRR(O @09>5A>@ H? ]3957 J>5=01O P=05= @>205A1 A=> 2935A05> 7; A79A89> @8904L A=>

M9L>4A04> @05A3A791=02# + P0:: 39L8> A=3A A93@0A0743: 5745>2A1 185= 31 H>38A? 39> 0432A A7

>I2:053A> A=> 39A01A05 :34L83L> 7; A=> B7F0> 34@ B3X> A=> 531> ;79 A=> 81> 7; A=> 47A074 7;

A=> 18H:0B> A7 04A>929>A A=> 3>1A=>A05 7; =79979 0A 29>1>4A1# +4 A=> ;091A 239A 7; A=> >113? + P0::

L7 H35X A7 +BB348>: ^34AQ1 @>;040A074 7; 18H:0B0A? 34@ 3AA>B2A A7 >I2:304 =7P A=01 47A074

>1A3H:01=>1 3 H90@L> H>AP>>4 3>1A=>A051 34@ >A=051 04 A=> B7F0># +4 A=> 1>574@ 1>5A074 7; A=>

A>IA + P0:: ;7581 74 A=> 9>29>1>4A3A074 7; A=> 18;;>904L H7@?# _7::7P04L -@B84@ J89X>Q19>;:>5A0741 74 A=> 18H:0B> + P0:: A9? A7 1=7P A=3A A=> >A=051 7; 18H:0B0A? 04 J>5=01Q ;0:B 01

977A>@ 74 A=> F0>P>91Q 2=?1053: 9>12741> A7 A=> @>205A074 7; 579279>3: 2304#

M 598503: 1>N8>45> 04 [393U> \:0B27 755891 A7P39@1 A=> >4@ 7; A=> ;0:B# ]39`3 %M4A74>::3

.71A3( 01 74 A=> ;091A ;:779 5:>3404L 74> 7; A=> 5391 P=>4 I31 %C3H:7 a3K8X( :>3F>1 A=>

H80:@04L# +4 34 >IA9>B> :74L 1=7A A=3A 5799>1274@1 A7 34 >?>:04> B3A5= ;97B A=> 2>912>5A0F>

7; A=> 290174>91 P> 9>3:0K> A=3A A=> @779 3A A=> >4@ 7; A=> L393L> =31 H>>4 :>;A 72>4#

04A>41> :0L=A A=3A >4A>91 A=978L= A=> 1B3:: L32 297@85>1 3 1A974L 574A931A P0A= A=> :7PbX>?

0::8B043A074 04 A=> 04A>9079# ]39`3 9>3:0K>1 A=3A A=01 01 34 72279A840A? A7 >1532># ,=> H>L041 A7

984 A7P39@1 A=> @779 A7 A=> 0459>3104L:? :78@>9 1784@ 7; 3 5>::7# B7F>B>4A 01

>B2=310K>@ H? 3 1>90>1 7; U8B2 58A1 P=0:> A=> 53B>93 2341 A7 ;7::7P =>9# ,=> 01 ;0:B>@ ;97B

A=> 0410@> P=0:> 1=> L7>1 78A 34@ A=> 1=7A 574A048>1 ;974A3::? ;758104L 74 A=> 72>4 @779#


5/16

!"##"$%&'%#( *"#+,&"' -./0&,1 .2 34%.05 ,&$ 60"7"'"#8"#$ %"&&'(3

B8105 1A721 34@ ;79 1>F>93: 1>574@1 A=> 1A974L :0L=A 57B04L ;97B 78A10@> ;0::1 A=>

159>>4# ,=79A:? 3;A>9O I31 >4A>91 A=> 15>4> @93LL04L ]39`3 P0A= =0B# /> ;795>1 =>9 A7 X4>>:

@7P4O 2704A1 3 L84 3A A=> H35X 7; =>9 =>3@ 34@ 1A39A1 A7 5784A A7 A>4# M =0L= 34L:> 1=7A

1=7P1 A=> 10A83A074 ;97B 3H7F> 34@ 01 ;7::7P>@ H? 3 58A A7 34 >IA9>B> 5:71>b82 7; A=> L09:Q1

A>990;0>@ ;35># I31 ;09>1 34@ ]39`3 159>3B1 34@ ;3::1 ;79P39@c A=> 9>29>1>4A3A074 7; =>9 @972

A7 A=> ;:779 01 297:74L>@ 04 A0B> H? A=9>> B3A5= 7; 35A074 1=7A1 A=3A @>205A =>9 ;3:: ;97B

@0;;>9>4A 34L:>1# \4:? A=>4 @7>1 A=> F0>P>9 9>3:0K> A=3A I31 ;09>@ A7 A=> 10@> 34@ A=3A

]39`3O :?04L 74 A=> ;:779O =31 47A H>>4 X0::>@#

4> 574@>41>1 B34? X>? >:>B>4A1 7; [393U> \:0B27# _091AO 0A >B2=310K>1 A=>

@>=8B340K04L A9>3AB>4A 7; 290174>91# I31 L93H1 ]39`3 H? =>9 =309 34@ 39BO 31 A=78L= 1=>

P>9> 34 340B3:O 34@ 57B239>1 =>9 A7 3 H09@ P=7 P=01=>1 A7 ;:?# +A >N83::? 1A9>11>1 A=> 5:71>9>:3A0741=02 H>AP>>4 A79A89> 34@ 27P>9O 3 5744>5A074 A=3A =3@ 3:9>3@? H>>4 2704A>@ 78A H?

]05=>: _78538:Ad V27P>9 9>:3A0741 =3F> 34 0BB>@03A> =7:@ 8274 0A eA=> H7@?fc A=>? 04F>1A 0AO

B39X 0AO A9304 0AO A79A89> 0AO ;795> 0A A7 5399? 78A A31X1O A7 2>9;79B 5>9>B740>1O A7 >B0A 10L41W

%"Y(# I31 01 04F>1A>@ 47A 74:? P0A= 041A0A8A0743: 38A=790A? H8A 3:17 P0A= 3 P>3274 A=3A =>:21

=0B >4;795> 0A# 27P>9 7; A=> A79A89>91O P=7 39> 3H:> A7 @01271> 7;

A=>09 290174>91Q :0F>1O 01 3 :>0B7A0F A=978L=78A A=> ;0:B# M1 74> 7; A=> U30:>91 28A1 0Ad VM5g

17B71 *071W# +4 3@@0A074O A=01 1>N8>45> A=>B3A0K>1 A=> 574;:3A074 H>AP>>4 A=> 289271>;8:

04;:05A074 7; 2304 34@ 1>I83: 574A97:O P=05= P0:: H> ;89A=>9 @015811>@ :3A>9# e$f M:: A79A89>91

39> B>4 34@ H7A= I31 34@ _h:0I A9? A7 81> A=>09 2710A074 A7 7HA304 ]39`3Q1 1>I83: ;3F791#

L84 04 I31Q =34@ 578:@ H> 04A>929>A>@ 31 3 2=3::05 1?BH7:O 34 >IA>41074 7; =01 2=?1053:

H8A 27110H:? 3:17 1>I83: @7B04345>#

+4 A=01 1>N8>45>O A=> @0F01074 H>AP>>4 A=> 0410@> 7; A=> 0B297F01>@ 5745>4A93A074 53B2 34@

A=> 78A10@> 7; A=> 50A? 7; J8>471 M09>1 01 1=392:? 29>1>4A>@# 574A931A H>AP>>4 H7A=

1235>1 01 5741A34A A=978L=78A A=> B7F0> 34@ 01 >1A3H:01=>@ H? A=> 81> 7; :0L=A04LO 3B74L7A=>9 A>5=4053: @>F05>1# 04A>9079 7; A=> L393L> 01 3:P3?1 @0B:? :0AO P0A= :74L 1=3@7P1 34@

34 3H84@345> 7; 17BH>9 A74>1 U8IA3271>@ A7 75=9>O @39X H:8> 34@ @39X 9>@# 50A?O 74 A=>

7A=>9 =34@O 01 29>1>4A>@ 31 H90L=A 34@ 57:79;8:O 31 >I>B2:0;0>@ H? A=> 1A974L :8B04710A?

57B04L ;97B A=> 78A10@> A=978L= A=> 72>4 @779# 184 3:B71A 3:P3?1 1=04>1 34@ 3A 40L=A

A=> 04A>410A? 7; A=> :0L=A1 01 >B2=310K>@# 10L40;05345> 7; A=>1> @0;;>9>45>1 L7>1 H>?74@


6/16

!"##"$%&'%#( *"#+,&"' -./0&,1 .2 34%.05 ,&$ 60"7"'"#8"#$ %"&&'(4

A=> 7HF0781 @01A045A074 H>AP>>4 A=> L:77B 7; 290174 34@ A=> 2:>3189>1 7; ;9>>@7BO 31

@09>5A79 ]3957 J>5=01 2704A1 78Ad

i>::> 15>4> 17AA>934>> :3 53B>93 >93 1>B29> 04 123::3O :3 :85> >93 1>B2:05>B>4A> :3 :3B23@043 5=>

10 F>@> 4>::Q04N83@93A893O 474 5Qj 1A3A3 3:5843 :85> 3LL084A3# ekf _8790O 3::3 182>9;050>O :3 50AAl j

1A3AA3 04F>5> 935574A3A3 57B> ;05A074O 574 :85> 39A0;0503:>O 5399>::0O 5=> 04 N8>1A7 @012710A0F7

;84K0743F347 57B> ;04K074>d N8>::3 04 580 F0F>F347 L:0 3H0A34A0# ,7A7 5Q>93 :3 9>3:AlW %"Y(#

1.'/#7; A79A89> 01 ;0:B>@ P0A= 43A893: :0L=A1 P=0:> 39A0;0503: 0::8B043A074 01 3@@>@ A7 A=>

50A? 15>4>1# 1 A7 A=> ;>>:04L 7; 849>3:0A? 3AA35=>@ A7 A=> 0B3L>1 7; A=> P79:@

78A10@> A=> L393L># 2=?1053: 34@ 21?5=7:7L053: 2304 7; A=> A79A89>@ 01 29>1>4A>@ 31 B79>

L>4804> A=34 A=> 9>1A 7; J8>471 M09>1#

+4 J7@? 04 C304-:304> ,5399? @>;04>1 A79A89> 31 34 35A A=3A 84B3X>1 A=> ;784@3A0741 7;

A=> P79:@# 289271>;8: 04;:05A074 7; 2=?1053: 2304 @>1A97?1 789 B71A H3105 3118B2A0741

34@ @>5741A985A1 9>3:0A?# +@>:H>9 MF>:39O =7P>F>9O 590A050K>1 A=01 5:>39 @0F01074 H>AP>>4

H39H390A? 34@ 17503: 79@>9 31 34 0::81074# e"f /> 39L8>1 A=3A 3A9750A? 34@ 50F0:0K3A074 39> 5:71>:?

H784@ 1045> 2935A05>1 185= 31 A79A89> 534 74:? >I01A P0A= A=> 0B2:050A 57440F345> 7; A=>

1750>A? %"'&(# +4 A=01 15>4> 7; [393U> \:0B27O A=> 72>4 @779 ;845A0741 31 3 A=9>1=7:@

H>AP>>4 AP7 P79:@1 34@ 1?BH7:0K>1 A=>09 04A>99>:3A074# 1A9>>A 1>>4 A=978L= A=> @779OP0A= 0A1 N80>A =39B74?O 01 7H:0F0781 A7 A=> 18;;>904L 7; A=> 290174>91# @9>3B:0X> N83:0A?

7; A=> 0B3L>1 7; J8>471 M09>1 2704A1 A7 A=> ;35A A=3A 0A1 1>9>40A? 01 34 0::81074# P=7:>

50A?O A=> ;0:B 1>>B1 A7 0B2:?O 01 9>127410H:> ;79 A=> 35A1 7; A79A89> =322>404L 04 0A1 B0@1A#

+; A=> ;0:B 3@@9>11>1 A=> 0435A0F0A? 7; M9L>4A04>341 04 A=> ;35> 7; A79A89>O 0A >N83::? N8>1A0741

A=> 57B;79A3H:> 23110F0A? 7; F0>P>91# m=>4 I31 01 3H78A A7 ;09> 74 ]39`3O A=>9> 01 3 1=7A

;0:B>@ @09>5A:? ;97B 3H7F>O 3 A>5=40N8> 7;A>4 >B2:7?>@ A=978L=78A A=> B7F0># C34793B05

F0>P1 7; A=> 50A?O 5>9A304 1A9>>A1 79 A=> 04A>9079 7; 290174 5>::1 39> ;9>N8>4A:? 29>1>4A>@ ;97B 3

=0L=>9 34L:># +A 1>>B1 31 A=78L= 12>5A3A791 P>9> H>04L B>A32=79053::? 04F0A>@ A7 3118B> A=>

97:> 7; L7@1O :77X04L 3A A=> 35A074 ;97B 3 =0L=>9 :>F>: 34@ U8@L04L P=3A A=>? 1>>#

38@0>45> 01 H>04L 04A0B3A>@ A7 A3X> 3 1A345>O A7 3229301> 47A 74:? A=> 35A074 H8A 3:17 A=> ;0:B

0A1>:; 34@ P=3A 0A 9>29>1>4A1# /7P>F>9O A=> 5=3::>4L> A7 311>11 [393U> \:0B27 297F>1 A7 H> 3


7/16

!"##"$%&'%#( *"#+,&"' -./0&,1 .2 34%.05 ,&$ 60"7"'"#8"#$ %"&&'(5

@0;;058:A 74> A7 B>>A# D>9350A?O 3 5>4A93: 53A>L79? 04 43993A0F> 355784A1 74 A79A89> 185= 31

A>1A0B740>1O 01 47A 3 9>:>F34A A77: A7 57BB>4A 74 ;05A0743: 34@ 39A01A05 297@85A0741# M:17O 31

P> 1=3:: 1>>O A93@0A0743: 3>1A=>A05 53A>L790>1 185= 31 =39B74? 79 H>38A? @7 47A 1>>B A7 H>

322972903A> A7 A=> 343:?101 7; A=> ;0:B# 5745>2A 7; A=> 18H:0B> B0L=A H> >B2:7?>@ =>9>

31 34 3:A>943A0F> A7 A=> 5745>2A 7; H>38A? 04 @>3:04L P0A= A=> ;05A0743: 9>29>1>4A3A074 7;

F07:>45> 34@ 2304#

+4 \4 J>38A? 34@ J>04L 681A -:304> ,5399? 39L8>1 A=3A H>38A0;8: 7HU>5A1O H>04L1 79 39A01A05

59>3A0741 0450A> 9>2:053A074# m> A>4@ A7 P01= A7 9>59>3A> H>38A? 79O 31 ,5399? 28A1 0Ad VJ>38A?

H904L1 5720>1 7; 0A1>:; 04A7 H>04LW %n(# M H90>; 9>;:>5A074 74 A=> 81> 7; A=01 53A>L79? 322:0>@ A7

3 B7F0> 185= 31 [393U> \:0B27 01 >478L= A7 9>3:0K> 0A1 043@>N835?# =7990;05O 2304;8:

B7B>4A1 279A93?>@ 04 A=> ;0:B 297H3H:? @7 47A >:050A 04 B71A F0>P>91 A=> @>109> A7 @82:053A>A=>BO H> 0A 04 9>3:0A? 79 04 39A# +4 ;35AO 789 3>1A=>A05 9>12741> A7 A=> ;0:B 01 B85= 5:71>9 A7 A=>

47A074 7; A=> 18H:0B>O 31 0A P31 >1A3H:01=>@ H? 2=0:7172=? 04 A=> $T A=5>4A89?#

+4 =01 .90A0N8> 7; 68@LB>4A %$SR&( +BB348>: ^34A @>;04>1 17B> 7; A=> @0;;>9>45>1 H>AP>>4

A=> 0@>3 7; H>38A? 34@ A=3A 7; A=> 18H:0B>d

eJ>38A?f 53990>1 P0A= 0A A=> ;>>:04L 7; :0;> H>04L ;89A=>9>@O 34@ =>45> 01 57B23A0H:> P0A= 5=39B1

34@ 34 0B3L043A074 3A 2:3?# J8A A=> 7A=>9 :0X04L %A=> ;>>:04L 7; A=> 18H:0B>( 01 3 2:>3189> A=3A

3901>1 74:? 04@09>5A:? ekf#/>45>O A77O A=01 :0X04L eA=> 18H:0B>f 01 0457B23A0H:> P0A= 5=39B1O 34@O

1045> A=> B04@ 01 47A U81A 3AA935A>@ H? A=> 7HU>5A H8A 01 3:A>943A>:? 3:P3?1 9>2>::>@ 31 P>::O A=>

:0X04L ;79 A=> 18H:0B> 574A3041 47A 17 B85= 3 2710A0F> 2:>3189> 31 93A=>9 3@B093A074 34@ 9>12>5AO

34@ 17 1=78:@ H> 53::>@ 3 4>L3A0F> 2:>3189># %RT(

G4:0X> H>38A?O A=> 18H:0B> 01 47A 57B23A0H:> P0A= 2:3? 34@ 5=39B1# +A 01 VF07:>4A A7 789

0B3L043A074W 34@ 3901>1 ;97B 5=371O F07:>45> 34@ @>F31A3A074 04 43A89> %RRb$&&(#

ML9>>3H:>4>11 01 A=> ;>>:04L >:050A>@ H? H>38A?O P=0:> A=> 18H:0B> 297@85>1 3 1A974L 78A2789

7; >B7A074 %S"(# +A1 3AA935A074 01 5:71>:? H784@ P0A= 9>28:1> 34@ A=> 2:>3189> A=3A 9>18:A1

;97B 0A 01 3 4>L3A0F> 74> 04 A=3A 0A 9>:3A>1 A7 2304# ^34A @>205A1 3 2>9174 574A>B2:3A04L A=>

18H:0B> 31 17B>74> V1>0K>@ H? 34 3B3K>B>4A H79@>904L 74 A>9979O H? =79979 34@ 3 1359>@

A=90::W %$"R(# -F>4 A=78L= ^34A 3117503A>1 A=> 18H:0B> 290B390:? P0A= A=> 574A>B2:3A074 7;


8/16

!"##"$%&'%#( *"#+,&"' -./0&,1 .2 34%.05 ,&$ 60"7"'"#8"#$ %"&&'(6

43A89>O => @7>1 47A >I5:8@> 0A1 2>9A04>45> A7 A=> 9>3:B 7; 39A01A05 >4@>3F79# +4 ;35AO

A=978L=78A A=> $TA=5>4A89?O A=> A>9B =3@ H>>4 57BB74:? 81>@ A7 @>1590H> 39AO >12>503::?

:0A>93A89># 47A074 P31 239A058:39:? 9>:>F34A 04 A=> @015811074 7; P=3A ,3B8>: ]74X

@>10L43A>1 31 A=> VL93F>?39@ 15=77:W %YZ(# +4 =01 1>B043: P79X 74 A=> 18H:0B>O A=01 590A05

@758B>4A1 A=> 0459>3104L 2728:390A? 04 A=> $TA=5>4A89? 7; A>IA1 04 P=05= ;>39 34@ A>9979

2:3?>@ 3 5>4A93: 97:># /> 2704A1 78A A=3A A=>9> P31 3 5744>5A074 H>AP>>4 L93F>?39@ 27>A9?

34@ 3 @>109> A7 3AA304 A=> 18H:0B> %TS(# enf o3A>9O A=01 3>1A=>A051 P31 >IA>4@>@ A7 2971>

P90A04LO 5=0>;:? P0A= A=> L7A=05 47F>:O 34@O 04 A=> "&A=5>4A89?O 04 ;0:BO P0A= A=> >B>9L>45> 7;

=79979 B7F0>1# 18H:0B> H>53B> 3 57BB74 5745>2A 04 A=> 1A8@? 7; H7A= L>49>1 %1>>

]01=93O $RRZ(#

]3957 J>5=01Q B7F0> 534 H> 1>>4 31 34 >I3B2:> 7; 34 3>1A=>A05 7; =79979# 17BH>93AB712=>9> 7; A=> 04@779 1=7A1O A=> 845>9A304A? A=3A 9841 A=978L= A=> B7F0> 34@ A=> 15>4>1

7; A79A89> 34@ 7A=>9 2=?1053: 34@ 21?5=7:7L053: 3H81> 9>18:A04L 04 A=> 5741A34A A>9979 ;>:A H?

A=> 290174>91 57BH04> A7 59>3A> 3 B77@ 7; ;90L=A A=3A 2>9B>3A>1 A=> P79X# eZf 53A>L79?

7; A=> 18H:0B>O P0A= 0A1 >B2=3101 74 1A974L >B7A074O ;>39 34@ >F>4 A>9979 01 A=81 239A058:39:?

32A A7 @>1590H> A=> ;0:B# /7P>F>9O A=01 5745>2A 01 >N83::? 81>;8: 04 A=> 343:?101 7; A=01 B7A074

205A89> ;97B 347A=>9 2704A 7; F0>PO 43B>:? ;97B 34 >A=053: 2>912>5A0F>#

G4:0X> P=3A 8183::? =322>41 04 L7A=05 47F>:1O =79979 ;0:B1 34@ B34? 7A=>9 39AP79X1

3117503A>@ P0A= 34 3>1A=>A05 7; =79979O 3 23A>4A B793: 1A345> 84@>9:0>1 J>5=01Q B7F0># [393U>

\:0B2701 47A 74:? 3 ;0:B 3H78A A79A89> H8A 3:17 3 ;0:B ,@,"A79A89># +A 01 5:>39:? 3

@>484503A074 7; A=> 2=?1053: 34@ 21?5=7:7L053: F07:>45> 04;:05A>@ 74 27:0A053: 290174>91# eYf

>A=053: 9>127410H0:0A? 7; H7A= A=> ;0:BB3X>9 34@ A=> 12>5A3A791 01 =>0L=A>4>@ H? A=> ;35A

A=3AO 3:A=78L= A=> >F>4A1 43993A>@ 39> ;05A0743:O A=>? 39> H31>@ 74 A=> 9>3:0A? 7; M9L>4A043

@8904L A=> $RS&1 34@ T&1# e'f B2=310K>@ 04 A=> >4@ 7; A=> ;0:B H? 3 1=79A 47A>

1=7P4 H>;79> A=> 59>@0A1 34@ 1A3A04L A=3AO @8904L A=> @05A3A791=02 04 A=> 5784A9?O A=78134@17; 50A0K>41 P>9> A=97P4 3:0F> 04A7 A=> 1>3# B0:0A39? 9>127410H:> ;79 A=>1> 590B>1O A=> A>IA

2704A1 78AO 1A0:: =3F> 47A H>>4 H978L=A A7 U81A05># B7F0> 72>4:? 04A>4@1 A7 39781> 47A

74:? 34 3>1A=>A053: H8A 3:17 34 >A=053: 9>12741> 04 F0>P>91 34@ A7 >457893L> A=>B A7 3118B>

3 590A053: 2710A074 9>L39@04L A=> 35A0741 0A 43993A>1#


9/16

!"##"$%&'%#( *"#+,&"' -./0&,1 .2 34%.05 ,&$ 60"7"'"#8"#$ %"&&'(7

18H:0B0A? 7; =79979 =31 3 :74L A93@0A074 7; H>04L 3117503A>@ P0A= A=> :0B043: 10A83A074

H>AP>>4 3>1A=>A051 34@ >A=051 P> ;04@ 3A [393U> \:0B27# ,3B8>: ]74X 1A3A>1 A=3A A=> ;>>:04L

7; A>9979 P31 790L043::? @>90F>@ ;97B 9>:0L074# A>9979 297@85>@ H? 43A89> 79 39AP79X1 P31

9>:3A>@ A7 A=> 0@>3 7; 34 34L9? [7@ %Y"(# o0A>93A89> A=3A >I2:70A>@ A=> 1>413A074 7; ;>39 7;A>4

=3@ 3 B793:0K04L 04A>4A074O 1045> A=> A>990H:> >:>B>4A1 @>1590H>@ =>:2>@ A7 1=7P A=>

L9>3A4>11 7; A=> .9>3A79 34@ A=> 041598A3H0:0A? 7; /01 P3?1# 1>413A074 7; A=> 18H:0B>

297F7X>@ H? =79979 P31 5741>N8>4A:? 3 P3? A7 3229>503A> [7@Q1 L9>3A4>11# +4 ^34AQ1

.90A0N8> 7; 68@LB>4A A=> 9>:3A0741=02 H>AP>>4 A=> 18H:0B0A? 7; =79979 34@ B793:0A? 01

1>58:390K>@ 1045> >A=051O 47A A=>7:7L?O :0>1 3A A=> 579> 7; A=> 2=0:7172=>9Q1 1?1A>B 7; A=78L=A#

G4:0X> H>38A?O A=> 18H:0B> 01O 35579@04L A7 ^34AO 3 57B2:>A>:? 18HU>5A0F> >I2>90>45># +A 01 47A

3 N83:0A? 7; 3 239A058:39 7HU>5A 79 :34@1532> H8A A=> >;;>5A A=3A A=>1> 297F7X> 04 B>4d V_79

A=> H>38A0;8: 04 43A89> P> B81A 1>>X 3 H3101 78A10@> 7891>:F>1O H8A ;79 A=> 18H:0B> 3 H3101B>9>:? P0A=04 7891>:F>1 34@ 04 A=> P3? 7; A=04X04L A=3A 04A97@85>1 18H:0B0A? 04A7 789

29>1>4A3A074 7; 43A89>W %^34A $&&(# m=>4 =8B34 H>04L1 39> ;35>@ P0A= 5>9A304 1A0B8:0 A=>?

>I2>90>45> A=> 18H:0B> 34@ 39> :>@ A7 9>3:0K> A=3A A=>9> 01 3 182>91>410H:> P79:@ H>?74@ A=>

43A893: 2=>47B>43 A=3A 1899784@ A=>B# ? 84@>91A34@ A=3A 3:A=78L= A=>? 39> 0BB>91>@ 04

2=?1053: 9>3:0A0>1 A=>09 57L40A0F> 27P>91 39> 182>9079 A7 1>410H0:0A?# ? >4A>9 A=> 9>3:B 7;

9>3174O P=05= 01 A=> 17895> 7; A=> B793: :3P A=3A L7F>941 A=>B 34@ A=>09 A98> 53::04L# eSf

^34A034 18H:0B> 5741A0A8A>1 3 A93410A074 H>AP>>4 A=>79>A053: 34@ 2935A053: 9>3174O 0#>#

H>AP>>4 2=?1053: 9>3:0A0>1 34@ B793:0A?# +A 01 A=978L= A=> ;>>:04L 7; ;>39 34@ =79979 A=3A A=>

04@0F0@83: >I2>90>45>1 18H:0B0A? 34@ 01 3H:> A7 3117503A> 3>1A=>A051 P0A= >A=051# eTf

>B2=3101 04 ^34AQ1 .90A0N8> 74 A=> 04A>99>:3A074 H>AP>>4 A=>1> AP7 47A0741 01 2>9A04>4A ;79

A=> 84@>91A34@04L 7; [393U> \:0B27# 3>1A=>A05 7; =79979 @>F>:72>@ 04 A=> ;0:B 34@ 0A1

279A930A 7; 598>:A? 297@85> 04 F0>P>91 3 9>12741> F>9? 5:71> A7 P=3A ^34A @>1590H>@ 31 A=>

18H:0B># +A 01 @8> A7 A=> 12>5A3A791Q 1A974L >B7A0743: 9>35A074 A7 A=> 15>4>1 7; F07:>45> 04 A=>

159>>4O A7 A=>09 V3B3K>B>4A H79@>904L 74 A>9979W %^34A $"R(O A=3A A=>09 >A=053: 574150>45> 0139781>@# 09 B793: 574@>B43A074 7; 289271>;8::? 04@85>@ 2=?1053: 2304 01 :0X>:? A7 =3F>

L304>@ 9>4>P>@ ;795> 3;A>9 P3A5=04L A=01 39A01A05 @>205A074 7; A79A89>#

^34AQ1 3>1A=>A05 2=0:7172=? 534 H> @>2:7?>@ 04 A=> 04A>929>A3A074 7; 48B>9781

574A>B27939? 39A ;79B1 @>3:04L P0A= F07:>45>O 185= 31 J>5=01Q ;0:B# p>A A=> 574A931A


10/16

!"##"$%&'%#( *"#+,&"' -./0&,1 .2 34%.05 ,&$ 60"7"'"#8"#$ %"&&'(8

>1A3H:01=>@ 04 A=> 2=0:7172=>9Q1 P90A04L1 H>AP>>4 A=> 2=?1053: P79:@ 34@ A=> 93A0743: 9>3:B

1>>B1 F>9? 9>@85A0F>O 04 A=3A =8B34 H>04L1 39> 29>1>4A>@ 31 @0F0@>@ 04A7 AP7 @01A045A

57B239AB>4A1 B>@03A>@ A=978L= 3>1A=>A051# _89A=>9B79>O => @>;04>1 3 90L0@ =0>9395=? 7;

=8B34 ;358:A0>1O P=>9> A=> 1>417903: 3H0:0A? 5741A0A8A>1 A=> :7P>1A ;79B 7; X47P:>@L> 34@ 01

72271>@ A7 B793: 5741507814>11O P=05= 01 A=> @7B304 7; 9>3174# .741>N8>4A:?O A=> H7@? 01

1>>4 31 57B2:>A>:? 1>2393A>@ ;97B >A=051 34@ >F>4 31 0B230904L 0A1 35A0F0A?# +4 A=> 4>IA

1>5A074 + P0:: 3AA>B2A A7 9>582>93A> A=> H7@? 31 3 10A> H7A= 7; 3>1A=>A05 34@ >A=053:

>I2>90>45># +4 A=> 531> 7; 39A01A05 9>29>1>4A3A0741 7; 2=?1053: 2304 A=> 18H:0B> 534 74:? H>

84@>91A77@ A=978L= 0A1 =?271A310K3A074 04 A=> =8B34 H7@?#

"#$ %&'( )*+,-.$

\4> 7; A=> ;091A 15>4>1 7; [393U> \:0B27 3;A>9 ]39`3Q1 0B290174B>4A ;7581>1 74 A=> >;;>5A

7; 2304 8274 A=> H7@?# *8904L =>9 040A03: A>4b=789 A79A89> 1>11074 A=978L= >:>5A905 1=75X1

1=> L>A1 @34L>9781:? =89A 34@ =>9 A79A89>9 D`H793 %]39571 ]74A>1( =31A>41 A7 53:: =01

182>9F0179 %-490N8> C0q>?97(# /> 9>340B3A>1 ]39`3 P0A= A=> 81> 7; 3 @>;0H90::3A79 34@

157:@1 D`H793 ;79 8104L A77 =0L= 3 F7:A3L># 09 574F>913A074 1=7P1 A=> 57B2:>A>

041A98B>4A3:0K3A074 7; A=> 290174>91 34@ A=> U30:>91Q H89>38593A05 3229735= A7 A=>09 BhA0>9d

:3 A3H:3 2393 Z& X0:71t

Dd s8045> B0:#

B0:# r.8g4A7 :> @01A>t

Dd i7O >1A3H3 @g4@7:> H0>4k p7k J8>47O 10 47 =3H:3H3k

1Ag 279 3:L7 3::`# J8>47O ?3 >1Ag 9>L8:39# C8>@>1 1>L809# i7 :> @>1 3L83#

53::7814>11 7; A=01 @03:7L8> 01 >B2=310K>@ H? A=> H35XL9784@ 1784@ 7; :0L=A 272 B8105

2:3?04L 04 A=> 93@07 78A10@> A=> 290174 5>::O 182271>@:? A7 5745>3: A=> 590>1 7; A=> A79A89>@#

1>N8>45> 01 ;0:B>@ 04 74> 1=7A 34@ A=> 53B>93 5745>4A93A>1 74 ]39`3Q1 H7@?# ,=> 01

;0:B>@ 43X>@ ;97B =>9 P301A 82O :?04L 74 =>9 H35X 74 A72 7; A=> A79A89> A3H:> 04 A=> 5>4A>9 7;

A=> ;93B> ;97B 3 1:0L=A:? =0L= 34L:># ,=> =31 =>9 39B1 A0>@ 3H7F> =>9 =>3@ A7 A=> A72 7; A=>

H>45= 34@ =>9 2710A074 >F7X>1 .=901A 04 A=> 59711# D`H793 01 3A =>9 :>;A 34@ 755820>1

=>9 90L=A 10@> H8A A=>09 ;35>1 39> 3:B71A 3:P3?1 78A10@> A=> ;93B>O 1045> A=> 53B>93 939>:?


11/16

!"##"$%&'%#( *"#+,&"' -./0&,1 .2 34%.05 ,&$ 60"7"'"#8"#$ %"&&'(9

B7F>1 ;97B A=> L09:Q1 H7@?# ,=> =31 7HF0781:? H>>4 84@>9 04A>41> 2=?1053: 2304 34@ =>9 1X04

1=04>1 P0A= 1P>3A# />9 322>39345> 01 7; 8AA>9 @>;>41>:>114>11#

M1 0A 01 B>4A074>@ 04 A=> @03:7L8> H>AP>>4 D`H793 34@ O A=> 0BB>@03A> U81A0;053A074 ;79

04;:05A04L 2304 01 A=> @>109> A7 L>A 04;79B3A074 ;97B A=> 290174>91# A79A89>9 0459>31>@

A=> F7:A3L> 7; A=> >:>5A905 5899>4A 322:0>@ A7 A=> L09:Q1 H7@? H>5381> 1=> P78:@ 47A 12>3X#

/7P>F>9O 31 C3L> *8J701 2704A1 78AO A=> 2935A05> 7; A79A89> 01 47A 3 9>:03H:> 17895> 7;

X47P:>@L># 18;;>904L 7; 290174>91 01 93A=>9 1>>4 31 3 28401=B>4A ;79 5>9A304 35A0741

%$ZT( 34@ A=> 3H81> 7; A=> H7@? H>57B>1 34 >4@ 04 0A1>:; 34@ 47A 10B2:? 3 B>341 A7 L3A=>9

@3A3# eRf *8J701 1>>1 04 A=> 289271>;8: 04;:05A074 7; 2304 A=> P01= A7 >IA935A ;97B A=> H7@?

7; A=> 7A=>9 3 A98A= A=3A 0A 5745>3:1 34@ P=05= 53447A H> 9>@85>@ A7 9>:>F34A 04;79B3A074 74

27:0A053: 35A0F0A0>1# _79 A=> A79A89>9O A=> F05A0B 9>29>1>4A1 3 @0;;>9>45> A=3A 4>>@1 A7 H>>93@053A>@d

J8A 3 =0@@>4 A98A=O 74> A=3A >:8@>1 A=> 18HU>5AO B81A H> @0157F>9>@O 8457F>9>@O 84F>0:>@O

34@ 534 3:P3?1 H> :753A>@ 04 A=> @39XO 04 A=> 0993A0743:O 04 A=> 84X47P4O 04 A=> 7A=>9# M4@

A=3A A98A= P0:: 574A048> A7 H>5X74 A=> A79A89>9O A=> 1>I83: 3H81>9O P=7 P0:: ;04@ 04 A=>

7A=>9 u 1:3F>O P7B34O 9>F7:8A07439? u 10:>4A 79 47AO 1>59>A 79 47AO A=> 9>5>@04L 2=34A31B

7; 3 A98A= A=3A B81A H> =84A>@ @7P4O >IA935A>@O A794 78A 04 A79A89># %$ZS(

*8J701 @>:04>3A>1 3 5799>:3A074 H>AP>>4 A79A89> 34@ 1>I83: 3H81>O 1045> A=> H7@? 7; P7B>4

=31 A93@0A0743: H>>4 9>L39@>@ H? 3 2=3::75>4A905 1750>A? 31 A=> 1.'/# 7; 3H17:8A> 7A=>94>11#

@7B043A074 7; A=> 7A=>9 A=978L= A79A89> >F7X>1 A=> 27P>9 9>:3A0741 9>18:A04L ;97B 1>I83:

@0;;>9>45># m> 534 ;04@ A=01 3117503A074 04 A=> 15>4> 7; [393U> \:0B27 @>1590H>@ 3H7F>O

P=>9> ]39`3Q1 43X>@ =>:2:>11 H7@? 01 1899784@ H? A=> AP7 B>4# ;0:B >435A1 P7B>4Q1

18HU>5A074 34@ 1>>B1 A7 31590H> ]39`3 A=> A93@0A0743: ;>B3:> 97:> 7; 3 F05A0B 04 3 B3158:04>

840F>91># /7P>F>9O P> 534 3:17 04A>929>A A=01 15>4> 31 3 18HA:> 590A0N8> 7; A=> F05A0B0K3A0747; P7B>4 34@ 7; A=> >I2:70A3A074 7; A=>09 H7@0>1#

\:0B27 A=>9> 01 34 >B2=3101 74 A=> 9>29>1>4A3A074 7; A79A89>O 7; P=05=

A=> 15>4> @>1590H>@ 3H7F> 01 74:? 34 >I3B2:># 18;;>904L H7@? 2:3?1 3 10L40;0534A 97:> 04

A=> 59>3A074 7; 34 3>1A=>A05 7; =79979 04 A=> ;0:B# F0>P>91Q 9>35A074 A7 A=01 39A01A05


12/16

!"##"$%&'%#( *"#+,&"' -./0&,1 .2 34%.05 ,&$ 60"7"'"#8"#$ %"&&'(10

9>29>1>4A3A074 7; 2304 01O A7 3 5>9A304 >IA>4AO 3 2=?1053: 74># i>9F7814>11O A>41074 34@ >F>4

A=> 099>101A0H:> P01= A7 57F>9 74>Q1 >?>1 04 79@>9 A7 >1532> A=> B71A H98A3: B7B>4A1 39> :0X>:?

A7 H> 17B> 7; A=> B71A 57BB74 >;;>5A1 7; A=> 15>4>1 7; F07:>45># ^34A034 @0F01074

H>AP>>4 H7@? 34@ 9>3174 297F>1 843H:> A7 >I2:304 A=> 12>5A3A791Q 2=?1053: 9>12741> A7 A=>

B7F0># +4 A=01 531>O A=> ;>>:04L 7; 18H:0B0A? 53447A H> 5745>0F>@ 17:>:? 31 34 04A>::>5A83:

341P>9 A7 78A10@> 1A0B8:0#

+4 =01 C=0:7172=053: -4N809? 04A7 A=> \90L04 7; 789 +@>31 7; A=> ,8H:0B> 34@ J>38A0;8:

-@B84@ J89X> 3AA>B2A1 A7 >:850@3A> A=> 2=?107:7L053: 790L041 7; A=> ;>>:04L 7; A=> 18H:0B>#

_79 A=> 2=0:7172=>9O A=> ;784@3A074 7; 18H:0B0A? P31 2304O P=0:> 2:>3189> P31 A=> H3101 7;

H>38A?# /01 @>;040A074 7; A=> 1>413A074 01 31 ;7::7P1d

m=3A>F>9 01 ;0AA>@ 04 34? 179A A7 >I50A> A=> 0@>31 7;+,"&O 34@ @34L>9O A=3A 01 A7 13?O P=3A>F>9 01 04

34? 179A A>990H:>O ekf 01 3 17895> 7; A=> 18H:0B>c A=3A 01O 0A 01 297@85A0F> 7; A=> 1A974L>1A >B7A074

P=05= A=> B04@ 01 5323H:> 7; ;>>:04L# + 13? A=> 1A974L>1A >B7A074 H>5381> + 3B 13A01;0>@ A=> 0@>31

7;+,"&39> B85= B79> 27P>9;8: A=34 A=71> P=05= >4A>9 74 A=> 239A 7; 2:>3189># m0A=78A 3::

@78HAO A=> A79B>4A1 P=05= P> B3? H> B3@> A7 18;;>9O 39> B85= L9>3A>9 04 A=>09 >;;>5A 74 A=> :.$5

34@ B04@O A=34 34? 2:>3189>1 ekf# %nR( eB? >B2=3101f

J89X> 3AA>B2A1 A7 L0F> 3 2=?1053: >I2:343A074 7; =7P 0@>31 7; 2304 3;;>5A H7A= A=> H7@? 34@A=> B04@ 34@ 297@85> A=> ;>>:04L 7; A=> 18H:0B># 2=0:7172=>9 >B2=310K>1 =>9> A=>

04A>99>:3A074 H>AP>>4 2=?1053: 34@ 21?5=7:7L053: 2975>11>1 P=>4 @>3:04L P0A= 3>1A=>A05

5745>2A1# _79 J89X>O 2304 34@ ;>39 v A=> 0@>3 7; 2304 v 3;;>5A A=> H7@? 04 10B0:39 P3?1#

J7A= A=> 1>413A074 34@ A=> >B7A074 :>3@ A7 3 574A935A074 7; A=> B815:>1 34@ 5381> A>41074 04

A=> 4>9F>1# >;;>5A A=3A 2304 72>93A>1 04 A=> B04@ A=978L= A=> H7@? 01 10B0:39 A7 A=>

9>18:A1 7; A=> 0@>3 7; 2304 04 A=> H7@? %1>> ]74X RS(# ;>>:04L 7; A=> 18H:0B>O 9>18:A04L

;97B A>9979O 01 A=>9>;79> 3 A>41074 7; A=> 18HU>5A# 2=0:7172=>9 L7>1 74 A7 >I2:304 =7P

=8B34 H>04L1 534 A9341;79B A>9979 04 34 3>1A=>A05 >I2>90>45># 681A 31 :3H79 01 >11>4A03: ;79

A=> 5741A0A8A074O A=> 574A935A074 7; A=> H7@? A=978L= A=> ;>>:04L 7; A=> 18H:0B> 01 3:17

H>4>;0503:d VM1 57BB74 :3H79O P=05= 01 3 B7@> 7; 2304O 01 A=> >I>9501> 7; A=> L9711>9O 3

B7@> 7; A>9979 01 A=> >I>9501> 7; A=> ;04>9 239A1 7; A=> 1?1A>BW %J89X> $n'(# /8B341 534

3229>503A> A=> 0@>3 7; 2304 34@ ;>39O 297F0@>@ A=3A 0A @7>1 47A >4@34L>9 A=>B# 1>413A074


13/16

!"##"$%&'%#( *"#+,&"' -./0&,1 .2 34%.05 ,&$ 60"7"'"#8"#$ %"&&'(11

7; A=> 18H:0B> 9>18:A04L ;97B 34 3>1A=>A05 7; =79979 01 A=81 =0L=:? @>2>4@>4A 74 2=?1053:

2975>11>1#

M:A=78L= J89X>Q1 2=?107:7L053: @>15902A074 7; A=> 18H:0B> 1>>B1 47P3@3?1 099>A90>F3H:?

395=305O =01 >;;79A1 04 H904L04L A=> P=7:> 79L3401B 04A7 A=> 39A01A05 >I2>90>45> 39> 1A0::

2>9A04>4A# /01 :>11741 39> 239A058:39:? 9>:>F34A 04 A=> 343:?101 7; 39AP79X1 A=3A @>205A F07:>45>

34@ A79A89>O 185= 31 J>5=01Q ;0:B# 790L04 7; A=> A>41074 P> >I2>90>45> P=>4 P3A5=04L A=>

B7F0> 01 2>9=321 47A 17 ;39 9>B7F>@ ;97B A=> V0@>3 7; 2304W @>1590H>@ H? J89X> %nR(#

9>28:1> F0>P>91 ;>>: 04 H>=7:@04L A=> 04;:05A074 7; 2=?1053: 2304 01 297H3H:? @8> A7 A=>09

0B3L0404L A=3A 18;;>904L 04 A=>09 .A&H7@0>1# ^34AQ1 47A074 A=3A A=> 18H:0B> 9>18:A04L ;97B

A=> =7990H:> B3? >:050A 3 B793: 9>35A074 >I2:3041 A=> ;0:B 74:? 239A03::?# +A 01 A=> H>=7:@04L 7;

A=> 2=?1053: 18;;>904L 34@ A=> 9>;935A074 7; A=3A 2304 04 A=> 38@0>45> A=3A 574@0A0741 7893>1A=>A053: 3229>503A074 7; A=> ;0:B34@ 3::7P1 ;79 3 27110H:> >A=053: 9>35A074# -A=051 01 A=81 3

47A 74:? 34 04A>::>5A83: H8A 3:17 3 2=?1053: 9>12741> 7; A=> H>=7:@>91 7; A79A89> 15>4>1# +4

[393U> \:0B27 18H:0B0A? 53447A H> @0117503A>@ ;97B A=> H7@0>1 7; A=> F05A0B1 279A93?>@ 04

A=> 159>>4 34@ ;97B A=71> 7; A=> 12>5A3A791 P3A5=04L 04 =79979#

/&0$1

e$f +4 A=> ;0:B -: .317 C0475=>A %"&&$( @09>5A>@ H? C3A90507 [8KBg4 A=>9> 01 3 10B0:39

3117503A074 H>AP>>4 A=> 2935A05> 7; A79A89> 34@ P7B>4# B7F0> 29>1>4A1 A=> A>1A0B74? 7;

.=0:>341 P=7 18;;>9>@ A79A89> P=0:> 43993A04L A=> :>L3: 2975>11 3L3041A ;79B>9 @05A3A79

M8L81A7 C0475=>A# \; A=> 1>F>93: 2>72:> 04A>9F0>P>@ 74:? 74> 01 3 B34# m7B>4 39> A=81

31590H>@ A7 A=>09 A93@0A0743: 97:> 7; 23110F> F05A0B1#

e"f +4 34@ *8J701 B3X>1 3 10B0:39 39L8B>4A H? 1=7P04L =7P A=> F3:8>17; 50F0:0K3A074 39> H784@ P0A= F07:>45># ,=> >B2=310K>1 A=> 04A>99>:3A074 H>AP>>4 A79A89> 34@

A98A= 04 M450>4A [9>>5> 34@ @>1590H>1 A=> ;35A A=3A 04 A=> [9>>X :>L3: 1?1A>BO A=> A79A89> 7;

1:3F>1 P31 1>>4 31 3 L83934A79 7; A=> A98A=;8:4>11 7; A=>09 A>1A0B74?# ,=> >N83::? 2704A1 78A

A=3AO @8904L 3 5>9A304 2>907@O A79A89> P31 81>@ 31 3 P3? A7 @>;04> 17503: 1A3A81#


14/16

!"##"$%&'%#( *"#+,&"' -./0&,1 .2 34%.05 ,&$ 60"7"'"#8"#$ %"&&'(12

[9>>X 50A0K>4 P31O H? @>;040A074O 17B>74> P=7 578:@ 47A H> 18HB0AA>@ A7 A=> 2935A05>#

9>;79>O A=> 17503: 79@>9 P31 5741A0A8A>@ A=978L= A=> 04;:05A074 7; 2304#

enf ]74X 2704A1 78A A=3A A=> 5745>2A 7; A=> 18H:0B> L9>P 0459>3104L:? >1A934L>@ ;97B A=3A 7;

4>7b5:311053: H>38A?# +4 ;35AO 0A 53B> A7 9>29>1>4A 3 1>A 7; N83:0A0>1 A=3A 4>7b5:311053: 3>1A=>A051

=3@ 9>U>5A>@d V9979 01 A=> ;091A 7; 1>F>93: N83:0A0>1 A=3AO ;04@04L 47 F>9? =322? =7B> 04 A=>

P>::b2:344>@O 79@>9:?O 34@ 539>;8::? A90BB>@ @7B304 7; 4>7b5:3110501BO 178L=A 34@ ;784@

9>;8L> 04 A=> 18H:0B>O P=05= 5741A34A:? L3A=>9>@ A7 0A1>:; 0@>31 34@ >B7A0741 A=3A P>9> A7 H>

297B04>4A 04 A=> 27>A9? 34@ 2971> 7; A=> 97B34A05 >93W %Y"(#

eZf ]3957 J>5=01 1A3A>1 A=3A A=> 35A791 @0@ 47A =3F> 355>11 A7 A=> P=7:> 15902A H>;79> A=> >4@

7; A=> ;0:B# ? 9>5>0F>@ 4>P 041A985A0741 P=0:> A=> 1=77A04L 297L9>11>@# 574A90H8A>@ A7 A=> B77@ 7; 845>9A304A? 04 A=> ;0:B 1045> A=> 2>9;79B>91 @0@ 47A X47P P=3A

P78:@ H>57B> 7; A=> 5=3935A>9 A=>? P>9> 04A>929>A04L %$&&(#

eYf F0>P1 7; A=> ;0:BB3X>9 H>53B> 5:>39 04 A=> P3? A=> B304 5=3935A>91 39> 279A93?>@#

A79A89>91 39> 47A 74:? 844>5>11390:? H98A3: H8A A=>? 39> 3:17 2>AA? A=0>F>1O :0X> _h:0IO 79

5977X1 34@ B89@>91O :0X> I31# F05A0B1O 74 A=> 7A=>9 =34@O 39> H93F> 34@ 47H:>O :0X>

i>4> 79 ]39`3O P=7 P79X>@ 04 3 @>1A0A8A> 4>0L=H79=77@ 3:2=3H>A0K04L A=> 2779#

e'f ;0:BB3X>9 04A>9F0>P>@ 1>F>93: ;79B>9 290174>91 34@ F05A0B1 7; A79A89> 04 29>2393A074

;79 A=> ;0:B# M:17O => =3@ =0B1>:; H>>4 399>1A>@ 34@ 0B290174>@ 04 3 5745>4A93A074 53B2

53::>@ V.:8H MA:hA057W P=0:> => P31 F010A04L M9L>4A043 04 $RSS# *8> A7 A=> 04;:8>45> 7; =01

;3B0:?O A=> B0:0A39? A9341;>99>@ =0B A7 3 50F0:034 290174O P=>9> => B>A 3 B34 P=7 =3@ 12>4A 3

?>39 04 V[393U> \:0B27W %J>5=01 "&ZbS(#

eSf ^34AQ1 7P4 P79@1 39> A=> ;7::7P04Ld V/>45> A=> ;>>:04L 7; A=> 18H:0B> 04 43A89> 019>12>5A ;79 789 7P4 F753A074# e###f A=01 9>12>5A 01 35579@>@ 34 7HU>5A 7; 43A89> A=3AO 31 0A P>9>O

B3X>1 04A80A3H:> ;79 81 A=> 182>90790A? 7; A=> 93A0743: F753A074 7; 789 57L40A0F> 27P>91 7F>9

A=> L9>3A>1A 27P>9 7; 1>410H0:0A?# ekf _79 0A 01 3 :3P %7; 9>3174( ;79 81O 34@ 239A 7; 789

F753A074O A7 >1A0B3A> 34? 1>41> 7HU>5A 04 43A89> A=3A 01 A77 :39L> ;79 81 31 H>04L 1B3:: P=>4


15/16

!"##"$%&'%#( *"#+,&"' -./0&,1 .2 34%.05 ,&$ 60"7"'"#8"#$ %"&&'(13

57B239>@ P0A= 0@>31 7; 9>3174c 34@ P=3A>F>9 39781>1 04 81 A=> ;>>:04L 7; A=01 182>91>410H:>

F753A074 01 04 =39B74? P0A= A=3A :3PW %$$ZbY(#

eTf ,0L40;0534A:?O A=>9> 39> 29>b9>N8010A>1 ;79 >I2>90>4504L A=> 18H:0B># m=0:> H>38A? 01

840F>913::? 355>110H:> A7 3:: =8B34 H>04L1O 74> 4>>@1 A7 H> 29>239>@ A7 ;>>: 18H:0B0A?d V+4

;35AO P=3A 01 53::>@ 18H:0B> H? 81O =3F04L H>>4 29>239>@ A=978L= 58:A89>O 57B>1 359711 31

B>9>:? 9>2>::>4A A7 3 2>9174 P=7 01 8458:A89>@ 34@ :35X04L 04 A=> @>F>:72B>4A 7; B793:

0@>31# +4 3:: A=> >F0@>45> 7; 43A89>Q1 @>1A985A0F> ;795>O 34@ 04 A=> :39L> 153:> 7; 0A1 B0L=AO 04

574A931A A7 P=05= =01 7P4 01 474>I01A>4AO => P0:: 1>> 74:? A=> =39@1=02O @34L>9 34@ B01>9?

A=3A P78:@ 574;974A 34?74> ;795>@ A7 :0F> 04 185= 3 2:35>W %^34A $"Z(# A93410A074 ;97B

3>1A=>A051 A7 >A=051 534 5741>N8>4A:? 74:? H> 84@>9A3X>4 H? A=71> P=7 39> 3:9>3@?

29>@01271>@ ;79 0A#

eRf ]05=>: _78538:A =3@ 3:9>3@? B3@> 3 10B0:39 39L8B>4A 04 *01502:04> 34@ C8401=# P79X

@758B>4A1 A=> A93410A074 ;97B 579279>3: 28401=B>4A A7 7A=>9 ;79B1 7; 590B043: U81A05> 04

A=> :31A "&& ?>391# _78538:A B>4A0741 A=3A 04 A=> -39:? ]7@>94 ML> A79A89> P31 57BB74:?

04;:05A>@ 47A 17 B85= A7 ;04@ 78A A=> A98A= 3H78A 3 5>9A304 590B> H8A 31 3 :>L3: ;79B 7;

5=31A01>B>4A %$'(# 5=34L> A7 B79> =8B34> 1>4A>45>1 B39X1 3 A9341;79B3A074 7;

2393@0LB 04 P>1A>94 :>L3: 1?1A>B1# @>5:04> 7; P=3A _78538:A 43B>1 A=> V=7:@ 74 A=>

H7@?W L7>1 =34@ 04 =34@ P0A= A=> >4@ 7; 28401=B>4A 31 3 12>5A35:>d VMA A=> H>L04404L 7;

A=> 404>A>>4A= 5>4A89?O A=>4O A=> L9>3A 12>5A35:> 7; 2=?1053: 28401=B>4A @01322>39>@c ekf

A=> A=>3A9053: 9>29>1>4A3A074 7; 2304 P31 >I5:8@>@ ;97B 28401=B>4AW %$Z(# 81> 7; A79A89>

04 574A>B27939? 1750>A0>1 01 A=81 7;A>4 2>95>0F>@ 31 34 3435=97401BO 3 H39H3905 2935A05>

;97B 347A=>9 3L> 34@ 01 =0@@>4 ;97B 28H:05 F0>P# 7H1>9F>@ 04 [393U> \:0B27#

15>4> @>1590H>@ 3H7F> =322>4>@ 84@>9L9784@O 04 3 @39XO 5:71>@ 1235> H>:7P A=> 1A9>>A1

7; J8>471 M09>1#

2&341 5-0$'

MF>:39O +@>:H>9# V_0F> 101 74 #W 678943: 7; o3A04 MB>90534 .8:A893: ,A8@0>1 $n%"&&$(d "YnbS$#


16/16

!"##"$%&'%#( *"#+,&"' -./0&,1 .2 34%.05 ,&$ 60"7"'"#8"#$ %"&&'(14

J>5=01O ]3957# M9L>4A043 $RS'b"&&$# _0:B39> :3 D07:>4K3 ,7AA>9934>3# ]0:34d GH8:0H90O "&&$#

J89X>O -@B84@# M C=0:7172=053: -4N809? 04A7 A=> \90L04 7; 789 +@>31 7; A=> ,8H:0B> 34@J>38A0;8:# i7A9> *3B>O +id G40F>910A? 7; i7A9> *3B> C9>11O $RYT %$1A >@# $SY'(#

*8J701O C3L># 34@ P p79X 34@ o74@74d a78A:>@L>O $RR$#

-: .317 C0475=>A# *09# C3A90507 [8KBg4# "&&$#

_78538:AO ]05=>:# *01502:04> 34@ C8401=# J09A= 7; A=> C90174# 90@34# i>Pp79Xd D04A3L> J77X1O $RSS#

[393U> \:0B27# *09# ]3957 J>5=01# C>9;# M4A74>::3 .71A3 34@ .39:71 -5=>F>9903# \5>34_0:B1O $RRR#

^34AO +BB348>:# .90A0N8> 7; 68@LB>4A# 94>9 ,# C:8=39# +4@034327:01 [email protected]@L>d /35X>AA C8H:01=04L .7B234?O $RTS %$1A >@# $SR&(#

]01=93O D0U3?# [7A=05 ,8H:0B># M:H34?O ipd ,A3A> G40F>910A? 7; i>P p79XO $RRZ#

]74XO ,3B8>: /# ,8H:0B># M ,A8@? 7; .90A053: 790>1 04 wD+++b.>4A89? -4L:34@#M44 M9H79d G40F>910A? 7; ]05=0L34 C9>11O $R'

,5399?O -:304># J7@? 04 C304# ]3X04L 34@ G4B3X04L 7; A=> ]7@>94 m79:@# i>Pp79X 34@ \I;79@d \I;79@ G40F>910A? C9>11O $RTY#

bbb# \4 J>38A? 34@ J>04L 681A# C9045>A74 34@ \I;79@d C9045>A74 G40F>910A? C9>11O $RRR#

patricia vieira. torture and the sublime

Documents