patterns of macroevolution (and review of phylogenetic trees worksheet)
TRANSCRIPT
PATTERNS OF MACROEVOLUTION(and review of phylogenetic trees worksheet)
#1
Genus
Family
Order
Class
#1B
No, they do not share a recent common ancestor
Should not group them together in any taxa without also including A, E and F
2.
DNA Proteins Anatomical Homologies Embryos
Data supports tree II Camel is least related to others Hippo and whale share many similarities
3.
Red P
anda
Racc
oon
Pan
da
Andean
Bear
Bla
ck B
ear
Gri
zzly
Bear
Pola
r B
ear
4.
Moss
Alg
ae
Liverw
ort
Pin
e T
ree
Gin
kgo
Corn
Rose
Bush
Fern
-Terrestrial living
-Xylem
-Seeds
-Flowers
-Dicotyledon
5. WOOPS. SHOULD HAVE BEEN NOT CONSISTENT…
A B and C are all consistent
D is not
PATTERNS OF MACROEVOLUTION
#1. TIMING
Gradualism Punctuated Equilibrium Rate of
evolution is very slow and constant
(millions of years)
Evolution occurs in bursts (thousands of years) followed by millions of years of stasis
MORE ON PUNCTUATED EQUILIBRIUM
Evidence that evolution occurs more rapidly following environmental change
#2 CONVERGENT
Different species evolve to appear similar despite different ancestry
Leads to formation of analogous structures
EXAMPLE – PLACENTAL VS. MARSUPIAL MAMMALS
EXAMPLE OF ANALOGOUS STRUCTURES - WINGS
#3 DIVERGENT/ADAPTIVE RADIATION
Species evolve to look different
Often times many groups evolve from one common ancestor
FALL OF DINOSAURS GAVE RISE TO ADAPTIVE RADIATION OF MAMMALS
#4 COEVOLUTION Evolution of one species affects
evolution of another E.g. predator changes, causing prey
to change E.g. Plants and pollinators evolve in
tandem
EXAMPLE – MILKWEED AND MONARCH BUTTERFLIES
Milkweed is toxic Monarch
butterflies feed on milkweed and have evolved to withstand the toxin
They become toxic to predators
#5 APOSEMATIC COLORATION
Prey evolve very bright coloration
Predators have evolved to avoid butterflies with bright coloration
#6 MIMICRY Harmless
species evolve to appear similar to toxic/dangerous species