paula fitzgerald - glocal status of gene tachnology in horticulture

8/10/2019 Paula Fitzgerald - Glocal Status of Gene Tachnology in Horticulture

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Global status of genetechnology in horticulture

Paula Fitzgerald

Chief Executive Officer

Agrifood Awareness Australia


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Food challengeFood challengeThe last ten years: Global population 13% increase Global income 35% increase

This has driven demand for: Meat up 25% orn u 2

Agrifood Awareness Australia Limited - 2011 2

Soybeans up 59%

By 2025 global food output must increase byabout 75%. By then we will need:

2.8 billion tonnes of cereals 5.3 billion tonnes of other crops 1.6 billion tonnes of animal products

Role of gene technology?


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GM crop adoptionGM crop adoption



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GM crops in perspectiveGM crops in perspective

In 2010, 148 million hectares were grownaround the world by 15.4 million farmers in 29

countries

This represents and 87-fold increase since GMcrops were first commercialised in 1996


Of the four top GM crops: More than 75 per cent of the 90 million hectares of soy

grown was GM

GM cotton accounted for 64 per cent of the 33 millionhectares of cotton grown in the world

GM corn accounted for 29 per cent of the 158 millionhectares of global corn, and

GM canola accounted for more than 23 per cent of the31 million hectares of canola.


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GM crops in perspectiveGM crops in perspective



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GM cropsGM crops wide usewide use

Country Area (millionhectares)

GM crops

USA 66.8 Corn, soybean, cotton, canola, sugarbeet, lucerne, papaya,squash

Brazil 25.4 Soybean, corn, cotton

Argentina 22.9 Soybean, corn, cotton

India 9.4 Cotton

Canada 8.8 Canola, corn, soybean, sugarbeet

China 3.5 Cotton, papaya, poplar, tomato, sweet pepper

Paraguay 2.6 Soybean

Pakistan 2.4 Cotton

South Africa 2.2 Corn, soybean, cotton

Uruguay 1.1 Soybean, corn

Bolivia 0.9 Soybean

Australia 0.7 Cotton, canola

Philippines 0.5 Corn



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GM horticulture cropsGM horticulture crops

limited uselimited use

Country Area (millionhectares)

GM crops

USA 66.8 Corn, soybean, cotton, canola, sugarbeet, lucerne, papaya,squash

China 3.5 Cotton, papaya, poplar, tomato, sweet pepper

Australia 0.7 Cotton, canola, carnation, rose

CzechRepublic


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Office of the Gene TechnologyOffice of the Gene Technology

RegulatorRegulator

Inter-Governmental Agreement, Gene Technology Act andRegulations

GT TechnicalGene TechnologyStanding Committee

GENE TECHNOLOGY MINISTERIAL COUNCILTo protect thehealth & safety ofpeople, and toprotect theenvironment, by

99Agrifood Awareness Australia Limited - 2011 9

GT Ethics &CommunityConsultativeCommittee

GENE TECHNOLOGYREGULATOR

Office of the GeneTechnology Regulator

State & TerritoryTechnicalRegulatoryConsultation

ENVIRONMENT

MINISTER APVMA AQIS FSANZ NICNAS TGALOCAL

COUNCILS

Provide advice at request ofMinisterial Council or Regulator

identifying risksposed by, or as aresult of, genetechnology and bymanaging thoserisks through

regulating certaindealings withGMOs


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The ActThe ActMatters covered by the Act

live and viable GMOs

research, manufacture, production,breeding, import


v y cost/benefit considerations

comparisons with alternativetechnologies

marketing and marketability

intellectual property

human beings and cloning


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A national system?A national system?

NSW GM cottongrown since 1996 andGM canola since 2008.

QLDCommonwealthlegislation only (no

moratorium)

NT Commonwealth legislation

only (no moratorium)

WA GM Crop FreeArea (excluding GM

cotton in the Ord & GMcanola


on commercial GM foodcrops until 2011 unlessapproved by theMinister for Agriculture.

SALegislated moratorium oncommercial GM food crops until2019

TASLegislatedmoratorium on thecommercial release ofGMOs until 2014

ACTLegislatedmoratorium on commercialGM food crops until 2006+

VIC Commonwealthlegislation only(no moratorium)


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GM crops under developmentGM crops under development

Bananas disease resistance, increased nutrition Cotton insect resistance, herbicide tolerance,

altered fatty acid composition (cottonseed oil),waterlogging tolerance

Perennial ryegrass & tall fescue improvedforage (altered lignin and fructan)

Rose altered colour Su arcane - altered lant rowth enhanced


drought tolerance, enhanced nitrogen useefficiency, altered sucrose accumulation, improvedcellulosic ethanol production from biomass, alteredsugar production

Wheat altered grain composition, drought

tolerance Wheat & barley enhanced nutrient utilisation,

altered grain starch composition, enhancedtolerance to abiotic stress, increase beta glucanlevels

White clover virus resistance (AMV)


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Commodity Organisation Modification LicenceIssue Date

Banana Queensland Universityof Technology

Disease resistance 12/01/11Current

Banana Queensland Universityof Technology

Disease resistance 11/07/08Current

-

HorticultureHorticulture -- GM fieldGM fieldtrials in Australiatrials in Australia


of Technology

A, vitamin E or iron.

Current

Grapevine CSIRO Expression of modified colour,sugar composition, andflowering and fruitdevelopment

18/06/03

Current

Pineapple QueenslandDepartment of PrimaryIndustries

Reduction of blackheart anddelayed flowering

19/06/03Current

Papaya University ofQueensland

Delayed fruit ripening 17/06/03Current


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GM cropsGM crops three stages?...three stages?...

Regulatory approval (humanhealth, environment)

Market & tradeconsiderations

Consumer understandingand acceptance

OngoingOngoing

OngoingOngoing

Agrifood Awareness Australia Limited - 2011

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GM foodGM food labellinglabelling

GM food

labelling: Overseen by our food

-


Standards AustraliaNew Zealand (FSANZ)

Based on final product

not process novelDNA in final product.


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Australias GM foodAustralias GM foodapprovals toapprovals to--datedate

Soybean 7 approved, 4 pending

Canola 2 approved

Corn 19 approved, 2 pending


Potato 3 approved

Sugarbeet 2 approved

Cotton 12 approved Lucerne 1 approved

Rice 1 approved


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HorticultureHorticulture GM cropGM cropcommercial approvalscommercial approvalsCommodity Country Modification

Capsicum China Virus resistant

Papaya USAChina

Virus resistant


Petunia China Modified colour

Plum USA Virus resistant

Potato USARussia

Insect resistance(various)

Potato European Union Modified amylase


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Commodity Country Modification

Potato USA Virus resistant/insectresistant (various)

Rockmelon USA Delayedripening/altered shelf

HorticultureHorticulture GM cropGM crop

commercial approvalscommercial approvals


life

Rose AustraliaColombia

Altered colour

Squash USA Virus resistant

Tomato ChinaMexicoUSA

Delayed ripening(various)

Tomato USA Insect resistant


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Horticulture GM crops inHorticulture GM crops infield trialsfield trials -- USAUSA

Commodity Modification DeveloperApple Non-browning Okanagan

Specialty Fruits


resistant

Rose Altered colour Florigene


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Novel projectsNovel projects USAUSA

Government-funded:

Increased carotenoid and Vitamin A levels in

corn and tomato. Developing new carrot and garlic varieties

with increased carotenoid levels and


.

Developing high-folate potatoes.

Orange, red and purple potatoes richer inantioxidants.

University-based:

Low acrylamide potatoes acrylamide hasbeen linked to cancer.


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Horticulture GM crops inHorticulture GM crops inthe pipelinethe pipeline -- EUEU

Commodity Modification Country

Potato Heat stressresistant

Spain


Potato Altered starch(various)

CzechRepublicFinlandGermanyNetherlandsSwedenSpain

Plum Virus resistant Romania


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Horticulture GM crops inHorticulture GM crops inthe pipelinethe pipeline EUEU

Commodity Modification Country

Potato Late blightresistant

SwedenNetherlandsUK


resistantGrapevine Virus resistant France

Potato Pharmaceuticaland technical

traits

Germany

Apple and Pear GM andconventionalrootstockcomparisons

Sweden


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Horticulture GM crops inHorticulture GM crops inthe pipelinethe pipeline EUEU

Commodity Modification CountryOrange Fruit aroma

modificationSpain

Oran e Plant arhcitecture, S ain


flowering and fruitingOrange Phytophthora

toleranceSpain

Orange Flower timemodification

Spain

Cucumber Flavour and downymildew resistance

Poland

Plum Virus resistant Romania


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Product in the spotlightProduct in the spotlight

GM potato - Europe

Starch-modified potato (Amflora)was

developed by BASF Plant Science for use bythe starch industry.

Approved for commercial release in 2010.


,

Sweden.

Conventional potatoes produce a mixture oftwo starches, and only one of these isdesirable for starch applications. Amfloratherefore saves energy, resources and costs.


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Product in the spotlightProduct in the spotlightGM eggplant - India Insect-resistant eggplant developed by

Maharashtra Hybrid Seeds Company (Mahyco). Approved in 2009 for commercial release.

Decision overruled by Environment Minister.


sprayed with insecticides 27 times a season. NGOs have been key in the Ministers decision.

An independent scientific, government panelvoted in favour of lifting the ban and allowing a

limited release in April 2011. No action to-date.


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Product unnoticed? In 1992, Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) was

discovered in the district of Puna in Hawaii where95% of Hawaii's papaya was grown.

Within 2 years, PRSV was widespread, causingsevere damage

Coincidentally, a field trial to test a PRSV-resistantGM a a a had started in 1992. B 1995 'Rainbow'

and 'SunUp' transgenic cultivars had beendeveloped.

Cultivars were commercialized in 1998. 'Rainbow' is widely planted and has helped to save

the papaya industry from devastation by PRSV. GM papaya have also been developed for other

countries, such as Thailand, Jamaica, Brazil, andVenezuela. Approvals/deregulation ongoing



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In summaryIn summary

Almost every commodity sector in Australiahas an investment in GM

Gene technology is an important tool but its

not a magic bullet Science-based decision making is critical, as

is case-by-case assessment


R&D investment is important but it iswasted without a path to market

Farmers should have the choice to access

approved GM crops

Market and trade considerations need to beaddressed

Whole-of-supply chain approach critical


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20112011 -- working togetherworking together ABA ACPFG AIAST AFAA AGT AusBiotech Australian Oilseeds Federation Australian Seed Federation Bayer CropScience CBWA

GTA InterGrain Kalyx Agriculture Monsanto

National Farmers Federation NSWFA Nufarm Nuseed Pacific Seeds


CBH Cotton Australia Cotton Catchment CRC Cargill COGGO CropLife Australia Dairy industry Dow AgroSciences GIWA Grain Growers Association Graincorp Grain Producers Australia GRDC

Pioneer Producers Forum Riverland SABC SAFF Sugar industry

Stock Feed Manufacturers Councilof Australia Syngenta VFF Viterra WA Farmers

WA Oilseeds


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Further informationFurther informationPaula Fitzgerald

Chief Executive OfficerAgrifood Awareness Australia Limited

Website: www.afaa.com.auwww.afaa.com.au


Email: [email protected]: 02 6273 9535

Agrifood Awareness Australia Limited is an industry initiative established to

increase public awareness of, and encourage informed debate and decisionmaking about gene technology. The organisation has three foundingmembers - CropLife Australia, the Grains Research and DevelopmentCorporation, and the National Farmers Federation. The organisation'sactivities are also supported by the sugar industry the Grain GrowersAssociation and through a project partnership with the red meat industry.


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AFAA working partnersAFAA working partnersSeed companies Farm associations:

-national & all states

Handlers &marketers

-Graincorp (east)-CBH west

Commodityorganisations:-cattle, sheep,

wool, dairy, pork,cotton,

canegrowers,grain


Life sciencecompanies

-Cargill

-Viterra-Queensland

Sugar-Sugar Australia

Industryassociations

-Seed, oilseeds,grains WA,stockfeed

manufacturers,lot feeders,AusBiotech,Grain Trade

AustraliaAFGC

R&D providers(public & private)

-CSIRO-Depts of Ag-BSES, AGT,

ACPFG

-Universities-CRCs

paula fitzgerald - glocal status of gene tachnology in horticulture

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