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2013

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IV.

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& (ICT)

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, system life cycle-

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(logistics, general ledger, human resource management ..)

input-process-output

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/ Marketing

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1

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- - -

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Online-Batch - -

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(reports) ()

: , , ..

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Experts

12

, :

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(office oriented),

(social networks),

(emails, chats ..),

(entertainment).

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Executive Information Systems Expert Decision Support Information Information Systems Systems Middleware (interoperability) Information systems

Transaction Processing Information Systems

(operational)

(real time exchange)

(complex events)

14

. .

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,

(standards, , )

(feedback control) .

.

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Business intelligence information systems

Operational information systems

& Management information systems

- Marketing

-

-

-

-

-- Knowledge-based information system

&

&

&

&

&

15

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16

(final), ,

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(degree of uncertainty) x x !.

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. , (e-society), (e-business),

(e-government), (e-culture) . , ,

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17

:

1) ,

,

2) (agility), ,

(competitive advantages),

3) ,

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(fast, reliable, smooth functioning of operations),

:

3

4)

(increased productivity),

5) (better decision making)

(better problem solving)

,

6) ( ),

,

7) , ,

(better operational

control),

8)

, (better

communications),

(satisfaction)

(rational)

(optimal)

. .

18

9) ,

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(quality products and services),

10)

() , , , ,

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11)

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(disaster

recovery center).

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,

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1. (more pleasant work).

2. (less tension).

3. (more job satisfaction).

4. (more opportunities for advancement).

5. (increase in power influence).

6.

(reduce dependence from others).

7.

(reduce cognitive effort).

8. ,

direct access and easy use of information.

9. ,

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10.

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(scheduling),

(forecasting), .

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RFID

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4. , :

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&

22

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23

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(job descriptions)

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24

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25

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1 2 3

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26

,

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()

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(cognitive limitations)

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(variety of complexity)

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interaction) & ,

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27

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28

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( 2),

, ( 1) ,

, ( 3),

(.). ,

,

.

,

.

.

:

(integrated), ,

(modules)

,

(work flow) (process control) .

..

(Help desk ticketing, bug tracking, customer service, change

management, network operations) modules ,

.3

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.1

;

()

()

(, reports)

-

29

. , ,

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,

[Ackoff].

: ;

&

( ).

.

,

.

, ,

.

.

, , - -

, J.

Forrester . ,

(.).

, ,

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,

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30

(models) .

.

. H. Simon.

:

1.

, , ,

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, .

, , ,

: - ;

, , , (percept & recognize)

; ; ,

, ; (

) ;

2.

, -

: !

(well defined), (quite

. (intelligent phase):

. (design): , ,

. (choice): , ,

;

;

;

31

general) (abstract), (tangible) (specific).

, , .

.

3. :

,

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, ,

(.). :

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4.

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(, , alternatives) .

()

(judgment)

(wisdom)

;

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&

32

, ,

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.. :

,

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?

, ,

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. :

?

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; ,

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(goal-driven), (data-driven) ;

(bounded rationality) Herbert Simon

, ,

(, ),

. (1913-1960):

,

.

6.

, , ...

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?

7. ,

.

() (maximization of

expected utility) ,

.

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(+) (-) ,

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8. , ,

: , (monitoring) .

; ,

,

!

33

, ,

(.).

.

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.). ,

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34

.

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-, ,

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(1) (2) (monitoring), (3)

( ), (4)

(5) (control), (6)

.

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; ;

;

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;

, Ackoff,

, ,

.

, , ,

, ...

. .

: , : -

35

. ,

,

(system input).

: . ,

, , , , ,

.. .

, ,

. ,

,

(Keen, Witkin, Mason, Mitroff ..).

. ..

, ,

.

( )

.

,

, .

(perception), ,

(input) . ,

, : , ,

(stress). , ,

,

.

input

.

,

. W.

Churchman, ,

.

,

,

, .

36

: , ,

-.

,

.

, .

:

;

(decision support systems) , ():

1.

, .

2. .

3.

.

4. --

,

.

-.

, , .

.

.

.

,

.

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!

37

: ;

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,

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.

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, . (management) ,

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38

, ,

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,

(.).

.

, ,

, ( )

,

&. ,

, , . ,

,

.., /

.

.

(, information

overload) :

) ,

,

) ,

,

) ,

) ,

) .

, ,

... .

,

(Reuters, 1996).

39

.

III.

,

.

.

.

.

(information pollution)

: spams, advertizing, blogs

: ,

: , stress,

: , decision paralysis

: ,

, , , ,

40

,

,

,

, / . , ,

,

,

, ,

. , ,

, , , , ,

..- , ,

, ,

(Tarsky Kun).

IV. - Bounded rationality

.

, .

:

,

.

() . , ,

. ,

. , (satisfactory to

certain level) .

, (cognitive)

, (optimal solution).

Herbert Simon

.

V.

,

,

:

,

.

41

,

, ,

,

, ,

, , , , :

1. , ,

(structuring) (clustering)

.

2. N

(educational trajectory) .

3. , , ,

,

,

.

4. , (stimulate)

,

() .

5. ,

, .

6. (planning) ,

.

7. : ,

, , ,

, , , ,

, ...

42

.

[445-360..]:

Ludwig von Bertalanffy [1901-1972]:

, , , ,

--------------------------------

1. : : ,

,

() , ,

() .

2. ():

. , , -

. , ,

,

. :

. ,

, ,

,

.

3. :

(. :

)

4. : ()

: .. .

5. : (mental, cognitive)

, ().

, , . ,

.

, ,

.

. ,

, ,

, , ,

. ,

: () ()

.

6. : ,

,

:

, , .

--------------------------------

43

7. : (). ,

,

.

, ,

. ,

, , (cognitive level).

information knowledge .

,

, .

--------------------------------

8. -:

,

: .

: , , ,

(.).

, ,

, ..

. (need is mother of invention)

,

.. . , ,

.

, , .

9. : : ()

, () , ()

()

10. : ,

.

11. : ()

.

12. : (activities)

--------------------------------

13. : , ,

. , .

44

--------------------------------

14. :

.

15. : , ,

, ,

.

--------------------------------

16. :

.

17. :

. .

18. : , ,

. ,

.

19. :

,

. () ,

.

,

.

(, 89-91).

--------------------------------

20. : ,

.

21. : , ,

, , , (1)

/ , (2) , ,

, (3)

: , , ..

, , (4) ,

, , ,

.

22. :

, .

.

--------------------------------

23. : , ()

, () .

.

45

24. : () , ,

,

, , , () ,

.

25. : ()

, [Andervan, 1990,

], () -, , , -

, () ,

(), ()

.

26. : ,

()

, () ()

[Guidelines for Information Literacy for Lifelong

Learning].

27. : / ,

, .

(. :

, (ii)

, (iii) (iv) ,

, . :

, , , ,

)

--------------------------------

28. : ,

- ,

,

,

29. : (stimulus)

(, response). , ,

,

(),

.

30. : ,

(, input), - (O,

output), , ,

, , , (f),

O=f(I).

, , , ,

top-down bottom-up . ,

46

, , , , , . .

, .., , , .

.

, ,

.

31. : ,

,

: ,

--------------------------------

32. :

,

. ,

.

33. :

.

34. : (1) , ,

, (2) :

,

, (3) :

,

, (4)

,

[Nathan

Rotenstreich, Technology and Politics, 1972] (5) ,

, , ,

, (

), ,

, , ...

35. : ,

.

,

.