pbs in a nutshell
DESCRIPTION
Positive Behavior Supports for School DistrictsTRANSCRIPT
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PBS in a Nutshell
Gloria Wright MurphyState Support Team 6
March 16, 2009
Material from the CSEFEL with funds from the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Administration for Children & Families (Cooperative Agreement N.PHS 90YD0119
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Examining Our Attitudes about Challenging
Behavior What behavior pushes your buttons the
most?
1. Teacher Passive Resistance 2. Multiple referrals from the same
staff 3. The letter of the law (black or
white) 4. Teachers sending students in for
“minors”
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How do these behaviors make you feel?
1. Angry 2. Frustrated 3. Threatened in my management
skills 4. Annoyed
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Be honest…..How does this impact your relationship
with the staff?
1. Not at all 2. Somewhat 3. Quite a bit
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Integrated Experience
Students/staff act in a manner. Then staff /administrators react. It is an integrated experience.
We need to be proactive and “front load” interventions so that we are NOT in the reactive mode
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Integrated Experience
There is a time to be:› Supportive› Directive
Short Concise Concrete
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Necessary Emotional Skills for students (and
staff) Confidence Ability to build good relationships Concentration and persistence with
challenging tasks Effective communication of emotions Ability to be attentive to instructions Ability to solve social problems
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When staff/students do not have these skills, they often
exhibit challenging behaviors
We have to teach behavior skills just as we teach academic skills
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Some Basic Assumptions
Challenging behavior usually has a message – I am bored (academics are too low/too high), I am sad, You hurt my feelings, I need some attention
Students/staff often use challenging behavior when they do not have the social or communication skills they need to engage in more appropriate interactions
Behavior that persists over time usually works for the student/staff
We need to teach what to do in place of the challenging behavior
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Promote student/staff success
Create an environment where EVERY student/staff feels good about coming to school
Design an environment that promotes student/staff engagement
Focus on teaching students/staff what TO DO!› Teach expectations› Teach skills that students/staff can use in
place of the challenging behaviors
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Building Positive Relationships
Design Supportive Environments
Social Emotional Teaching
Strategies
Individualized Intensive
Interventions
Visibility Accessibility Distractibility
Univers
al
All Students/St
aff
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Building Relationships
Help EVERY student/staff feel accepted in the group
Assist student/staff in learning to communicate and get along with others
Encourage feelings of empathy and mutual respect among students and adults
Provide supportive environment in which students/staff can learn and practice appropriate and acceptable behaviors as individuals and as a group
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Building Relationships with Students/Staff
Why is it important?› Relationships are the foundation of everything we do.
Build these relationships early on rather than waiting until there is a problem
› Humans learn and develop in the context of relationships that are responsive, consistent, nurturing
› Adult time and attention are very important to students and we need to ensure them our time and utmost attention at times other than when they are engaging in challenging behaviors
› Parents and other colleagues (community agencies) are critical partners in building student’s social emotional competence. Front loading success with prevent many challenging behaviors.
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Every student/staff needs one person who is crazy
about him/her
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Building Positive Relationships with Students/Staff
Play
Notes
Share
Time&
Attention
Greet by
name
Home Visits
Empathy
Public recognition
Star of
the
Week
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Building Positive Relationships
Design Supportive Environments
Social Emotional Teaching
Strategies
Individualized Intensive
Interventions
Univers
al
All Students/St
aff
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Classroom Arrangement and Design: Traffic
Patterns
Clear boundaries Minimize obstacles and other hazards Needs of the students with special problems Visual prompts Organization of materials
Visibility Accessibility
Distractibility
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Schedules and Routines
Develop a schedule that promotes student engagement and success
Balance activities› Active and quiet› Large group, small group, pairs, individual,
centers & stations Teach students the schedule Develop a routine and follow it consistently When changes are necessary, prepare the
students ahead of time
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Transitions
Plan for transitions› Minimize the number of transitions that students
have to make in your classroom› Minimize the length of time students spend
waiting with nothing to do› Prepare students for transitions by providing a
warning› Structure transitions so that students have
something to do while they wait› Teach students the expectations related to
transitions› Individualize supports (pre correct, prompt, cue)
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Plan and teach CHAMPS for whole group, small group,
pairs, individual work, centers and stations
Conversation Help Activity Movement Participation Signal for silence
Sample Staff Meeting Rules
Demonstrate Mutual Respect
Use Time Efficiently
Listen openly & activelyEveryone’s opinion is valuedEveryone contributes/no one monopolizesNo sidebar conversations
Start on timeStaff will have an opportunity to add agenda itemsLatecomers are responsible for getting missed information
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Large Group Activities
Planning the activity› Consider the length› Be specific both in writing and verbally about the
benchmark (purpose and goal) of the activity› Use whole group ONLY to teach NEW information
Implementing whole group› Provide opportunities for ALL students to be actively
involved› Assign jobs to students/staff› Vary your speech and intonation patterns› Have students lead some whole group activities› Pay attention to student behavior
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Large Group con’t
Arrange seating to make special needs students/staff accessible
Differentiated assignments (visual, auditory, kinesthetic)
Plan for late finishers Plan for early finishers (enrichment, not
busy work) Interact through patterned turns, call
on all students/staff equally
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Small Group Activities
Focus of small group activities› Skill building for students with common needs› Produce a product› Experience a process
Planning and Implementing› Heterogeneous and a randomly mixed equal groups
(3-5) male, female, ethnicity, high, low, average› Assigned task for each participant (leader, reporter,
time keeper, researcher, etc.)› Required individual grades› Clear goals› Provide feedback throughout
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Student/Staff Pairs
Peer assisted learning skills(PALS)-reading, paragraph shrinkage
Coach› Ask questions› Listen carefully to player› Provide reinforcement for correct answers› Provide guides and prompts for incorrect answers (but do NOT
give the answer)› Show respect for player
Player› Listen carefully› Think about question› Work to master content› Show respect for coach
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Individual
May be accomplished in a variety of ways› Computer station› Peer assistance› Teacher assistance› Learning center (ONLY for enrichment,
application, remediation)….NOT busy work
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Giving Directions
Make sure you have student/staff attention before you give direction
Minimize the number of directions given
Individualize the way directions are given
Give clear directions
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Giving Directions, con’t.
Give directions that are positive Give students/staff the opportunity to
respond to a direction When appropriate, give the
student/staff choices and options for following directions (live with their choice)
Follow through with positive acknowledgment of student’s/staff’s behavior
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General Guidelines about Rules
3-5 simple, positively stated classroom rules
Measurable Involve students/staff in developing the
rules Post the rules visually Teach the rules systematically 5X a year
(beginning , after each break, a week or two before school is finished
Reinforce the rules at a high rate initially
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Guidelines for Writing RulesMeasurableConsistent with school rulesUnderstandableDoableManageableAlways applicableStated positivelyConsistent with your own philosophy
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Rules could address:
Noise level Space Materials/supplies Promptness Safety Respect for others, self, property Work habits
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Ongoing monitoring and positive attention
Give students/staff attention when they are engaging in appropriate behaviors
Monitor our own behavior to ensure that we are spending more time using positive descriptive language and less time giving directions or correcting inappropriate behavior
4:1 is the rule of thumb
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Positive Feedback
Contingent upon appropriate behavior Descriptive Conveyed with enthusiasm Contingent upon effort
* nonverbal forms may be used * individualize feedback and encouragement * encourage all adults and students to use positive
feedback and encouragement
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Building Positive Relationships
Design Supportive Environments
Social Emotional Teaching
Strategies
Individualized Intensive
Interventions
Targ
eted
Students at-risk
All Students/Staff
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What is Social Emotional Development?
A sense of confidence and competence Ability to develop good relationships with peer
and adults/make friends/get along with others Ability to persist at tasks Ability to follow directions Ability to identify, understand, and
communicate own feelings/emotions Ability to constructively manage strong
emotions Development of empathy
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What happens when children don’t have these skills?
Isolation from peers and staff Failure in academics Exhibition of inappropriate behavior
due to the isolation, failure and frustration about not knowing what to do
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Stages of Learning
Awareness – that a skill/concept is missing
Acquisition – new skill/concept Fluency – ability to use the skill/concept
without a prompt Maintenance – continuing to use
skill/concept over time Generalization – applying the
skill/concept to new situations, people, activities, ideas and settings
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Teachable moment
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What are some skills that can be embedded into any context at
school ?
Friendship
Sharing
Being Helpful
Team Member
Taking
Turns
Being Helpful
Giving
Complimen
ts
Knowing How and When to
Give Apologies
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Emotional Literacy
The ability to identify, understand, and express emotions in a healthy way
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Students with a Strong Foundation in Emotional Literacy
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Students with Strong Emotional Literacy
• Tolerate frustration better & get into fewer fights•Engage in less destructive behavior•Are healthier•Are less lonely•Are less impulsive•Are more focused•Have greater academic achievement
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Check In Check Out/SWIS
Check In Check Out is a method of helping to work with these targeted children
http://www.swis.org Staff Member acts as a coach for the
student
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Building Positive Relationships
Design Supportive Environments
Social Emotional Teaching
Strategies
Individualized Intensive
Interventions
Inte
nsive
All Students/Staff
Students at-risk
Few Students/Staff
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Challenging Behavior
What are we referring to when we say “challenging behavior?› Any repeated pattern of behavior that interferes
with learning or engagement in prosocial interactions with peers and adults.
› Behaviors that are not responsive to the use of developmentally appropriate guidance procedures
› Prolonged tantrums, physical and verbal aggression, disruptive vocal and motor behavior (e.g. screaming, throwing), property destruction, self-injury, noncompliance, and withdrawal
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Intensive Individualized Interventions
Intensive individualized interventions are used with students who have very persistent and severe challenging behavior and do not respond to the typical preventive practices, child guidance procedures, or social emotional teaching strategies that would normally work for most children
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The PBS (Positive Behavior Support) approach to Intensive
Intervention
An approach for changing a student’s behavior based on developing an understanding of why the student has the challenging behavior and teaching the student new skills (which get him/her what he/she wants) in place of the old challenging behaviors which have already worked
An approach the considers all of the factors that impact the student (family, school, peers, health, emotional issues, hunger, low academics, etc.)
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Research on PBS
Effective for all ages of individuals 2-50 years of age
Effect for diverse groups of individuals with challenges: mental retardation, oppositional defiant disorder, autism, emotional behavioral disorders, children at risk, etc.
PBS is the only comprehensive and evidence-based approach to address challenging behavior within a variety of natural settings.
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Old Way New Way
General intervention for all behavior challenges
Intervention is reactive
Focus on behavior reduction
Quick fix
Intervention matched to purpose of the behavior
Intervention is proactive
Focus on teaching new skills
Long-term interventions
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Challenging Behavior Communicates
Communicates a message when the student does not have the language skills necessary to communicate in another way
Used instead of language by a student who has limited social skills or has learned that challenging behavior will result in meeting his/her need.
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Challenging Behavior Works
Students engage in challenging behavior because it “works” for them
Challenging behavior results in the student gaining access to something or someone (i.e. obtain/request) or avoiding something or someone (i.e. escape/protest)
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Every communicative behavior can be described by the form and function
Form: the behavior used to communicate
Function: the reason or purpose of the communicative behavior
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Forms of communication
Words
Body Language
Facial Expression
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Functions of Communication
Request
objectRequest help
Request social interaction
Request information
Request
Stimulatio
n
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Escape
activity
Escape
person
Functions of Communication
Escape demands
Escape sensory
stimulation
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Work as a Collaborative Team to Provide Positive Behavior Support
Step 1 Establishing a collaborative team and identify goals
› Assign roles (facilitator, recorder, time keeper, reporter of group information, etc.)
› Determine agenda and time for meeting
(This is a problem solving meeting, NOT a gripe session)
Step 2 Ensure that all participates are prepared by each
gathering information known to them about the form and function of the student’s behavior (FBA-Functional Behavior Assessment)
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Work as a Collaborative Team to Provide Positive Behavior Support
Step 3 Develop an hypothesis (best guess)
Step 4Design positive behavior support plans
Step 5Implement, monitor, evaluate outcomes,refine plan in natural environments