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Water as a weapon can be put to overt usein war or employed subtly in peacetime sothat the level of cross-border water flowsbecomes a function of political concession.

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y Interest in the occurrence andbehavior of pharmaceuticals in the

aquatic environment has continued togrow.

yConsidered unregulated so far, may

soon need regulations!

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yCalled Pharma & Personal Care Products

(PPCPs), include wide range of chemicals.

yAlso termed as Micropollutants

yconcentration range g to ng.

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Sources

Manufacturing unit effluents

Domestic effluents after humanuse

Veterinary drugs

Hospital wastes

Domestic disposal of expiry /

unused drugs

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Status in India

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Drug waste creates highest disaster zone

in AndhraMARGIE MASON, AP, Jan 27, 2009, 02.33am IST

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PATANCHERU: When researchers analyzed vials of treated wastewater

from a plant where about 90 Indian drug factories dump theirresidues, they were shocked. Powerful antibiotic was being spewedinto one stream each day to treat every person in a city of 90,000.

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Drug waste creates highest disaster zone in

AndhraMARGIE MASON, AP, Jan 27, 2009, 02.33am IST

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"If you take a bath there, then you have all theantibiotics you need for treatment," said chemist

Klaus Kuemmerer, a German expert on drugresistance in the environment. "If you just swallow afew gasps of water, you're treated for everything.The question is for how long?"

Some locals long believed drugs were seeping intotheir drinking water, and new data from the studyby Joakim Larsson, an environmental scientist at theUniversity of Gothenburg, Sweden, has confirmedtheir suspicions.

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Pharmaceuticals as Emerging

Pollutants!

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yReasons for this attention

yThey are designed to trigger specific biological

effectsyApart from APIs, metabolites also important!

y Pose a potential threat for the aquatic environment.

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Typical Concerns

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yEnvironmental diffusion ofEndocrine

Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs)

yHarmful effects on human and wildlife

health:

yAlteration of estrogen function in wildlife.

y Increasing incidence of cancer.

yDecreasing reproductive fitness of humans.

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