pcell%technology:%delivering%5g4grade% …ctw2016.ieee-ctw.org/slides/ctw16_forenza.pdf ·...
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pCell Technology: Delivering 5G-‐grade Performance to 4G LTE Devices
IEEE CommunicaAon Theory Workshop May 16th, 2016
Patents, Patents Pending May 16, 2016 Page 1
Antonio Forenza, PhD Co-‐founder & CTO, Artemis Networks
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Outline
• Background • pCell: how it works • SDR wireless plaTorm • Experimental results • Conclusions
May 16, 2016 Patents, Patents Pending Page 2
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Forecast of Mobile Data Traffic
May 16, 2016 Patents, Patents Pending Page 3
Global Mobile Data Traffic (Actual/Projected)
ExaB
ytes/m
onth
[Cisco’16] “Cisco visual network index: global mobile data traffic forecast update 2015-‐2020” February 2016
CAGR = 40-‐70%
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SoluAons to Spectrum Crunch
May 16, 2016 Patents, Patents Pending Page 4
• 3 soluAons [Qualcomm, SKT, Nokia] • More cell density • More spectrum • More spectral efficiency
“New forecasts show much more spectrum is needed.” “Operators will conAnue to deploy new cells, including small cells, and will conAnue to upgrade networks to state-‐of-‐the-‐art 4G LTE technology to take advantage of improved spectral efficiency, but that is not enough.” [CTIA’15] CTIA report to FCC, June 22, 2015
Spectrum
Cell density
Spectral efficiency
Current performance
Future performance
[3GPP] K. Mallinson, “2020 vision for LTE”, June 2012
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More Cell Density
• Small cells perform poorly • Intercell interference [Andrews’15] • Handoff overhead [3GPP-‐TR36.839]
• SoluAons • SON and ICIC [AT&T’12][Mao’08] • CoMP [3GPP-‐TR36.819][ChinaMob’11]
• High cost, difficult deployment • Zoning permits • Backhaul
Patents, Patents Pending May 16, 2016 Page 5
“AT&T has dropped plans to deploy 40,000 small cells on its network by the end of 2015” Fierce Wireless, March 2015
[Andrews’15]
[BS/Km3] 0
BS-‐to-‐BS distance of 50m
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More Spectrum
Patents, Patents Pending May 16, 2016 Page 6
• NaAonal Broadband Plan [FCC’10] • 547 MHz available in 2010 for mobile broadband • Allocate 500 MHz by 2020
• LTE-‐U [Forum’15][Qualcomm’15] • Operate LTE in ISM unlicensed 5GHz band • Use 200 MHz of spectrum (+300 MHz for future use)
• Millimeter-‐wave [Rappaport’14] • Pros: large bandwidth [Heath’16]
• BW=4GHz @ 28 and 38 GHz • BW=7GHz @ 60 GHz
• Cons: pathloss, body absorpAon (blocking) • Short-‐range links, up to 200m • ApplicaAons: WiGig fronthaul [Facebook’16]
[Qualcomm’15]
[Facebook’16]
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More Spectral Efficiency
• Massive-‐MIMO • Theory: asymptoAcally noise/interference-‐free links [Marzeqa’10][Larsson’14] • Requires upgrade to 4G LTE standard, proposed for Pre-‐5G [3GPP-‐Rel.13] • PracAcal only at mmWave, complex RF design • Centralized cellular architecture
• Pilot contaminaAon • CoordinaAon between cells
• 4-‐8x mux gain with 64-‐128 antennas [ZTE’16][Intel’16]
• pCell • Theory: [Caire’03][Viswanath’03][Yu’04][Foschini’06] • Compliant with standard LTE Rel.8 devices, readily deployable • Works at any frequency band, simple frequency-‐agile RRHs (pWaves) • Distributed architecture, no cells • 16x mux gain with 24 antennas, can scale to higher orders
Patents, Patents Pending May 16, 2016 Page 7
4 users, SNR=10dB
pCell C-‐RAN
[Samsung’12] [Larsson’14]
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Downlink Spectral Efficiency 5 MHz, 2-‐antenna LTE devices
pCell Performance Today
May 16, 2016 Patents, Patents Pending Page 8
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
Spectral Efficien
cy (b
ps/H
z)
pCell LTE HSPA+
[Rysavy’14] Rysavy Research/4G Americas, August 2014
1.2 bps/Hz per sector
59.3 bps/Hz per area ≥1 m2
1.7 bps/Hz per sector
Presented results
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Outline
• Background • pCell: how it works • SDR wireless plaTorm • Experimental results • Conclusions
May 16, 2016 Patents, Patents Pending Page 9
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Cellular vs. pCell Coverage
Patents, Patents Pending May 16, 2016 Page 10
Base StaAon User Equipment Power distribuAon
Cellular Coverage
pCell Coverage
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SINR Performance
May 16, 2016 Patents, Patents Pending Page 11
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pCell vs. Cellular
May 16, 2016 Page 12
• 500mW • 20MHz TDD • Max 256-‐QAM
• Benefits of pCell • High spectral efficiency (spaAal mulAplexing gain) • Consistent data rate, no cell-‐edge (macro-‐diversity) • No inter-‐cell interference • No handoff overhead • No near-‐far problem • PHY-‐layer security • Precise locaAon posiAoning
Patents, Patents Pending
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SINR Analysis
• System and channel models: N transmiqers, U users
• Volume of coherent signal [Artemis’15]
• Radius of volume of coherent signal
Patents, Patents Pending May 16, 2016 Page 13
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SINR Results
May 16, 2016 Page 14
Centralized transmiqers (ULA with λ/2 spacing)
Distributed transmiqers N = 10, U = 8
Patents, Patents Pending
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Volumes of Coherent Signal
Patents, Patents Pending May 16, 2016 Page 15
N = 16, U = 10, SINRo = 5dB
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Outline
• Background • pCell: how it works • SDR wireless plaTorm • Experimental results • Conclusions
May 16, 2016 Patents, Patents Pending Page 16
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Hardware Architecture
Patents, Patents Pending May 16, 2016 Page 17
LTE UEs
Internet
pCell Data Center
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Sowware Architecture
Patents, Patents Pending May 16, 2016 Page 18
Internet
pCell Processing
IP Routing
0 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A
E F
B C
D
H
G
pCell Data Center
Fronthaul
pCell antenna
LTE UE
pCell
eNB
VRI 0
eNB
VRI 1
eNB
VRI 2
eNB
VRI 3
eNB
VRI 4
eNB
VRI 5
eNB
VRI 6
eNB
VRI 7
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TDD LTE Frame
Patents, Patents Pending May 16, 2016 Page 19
SF #0 SF #1 SF #2 SF #3 SF #4 SF #5 SF #6 SF #7 SF #8 SF #9 SRS 1 SRS 2 SRS 1 SRS 2
1 msec
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Outline
• Background • pCell: how it works • SDR wireless plaTorm • Experimental results • Conclusions
May 16, 2016 Patents, Patents Pending Page 20
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Indoor Trials
May 16, 2016 Patents, Patents Pending Page 21
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16 iPhone 6 Pluses in 1 Square Meter
May 16, 2016 Patents, Patents Pending Page 22
1m x 1m Plexiglass table
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Measured LTE MAC-‐level SE
May 16, 2016 Patents, Patents Pending Page 23
Uplink (Uniform Peak: 27.5 bps/Hz)
18 meters
Downlink (Avg. 59.3, Peak 59.8 bps/Hz)
14 m
eters
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Outdoor Trials
Patents, Patents Pending May 16, 2016 Page 24
0.5 to 5W PA
Power (if Fiber)
• Roowops in downtown SF • 600 roowops available • 58 roowops for first trial • About 500 pWaves for beta-‐tesAng
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pWave RRH
Patents, Patents Pending Page 25
• Wireless synchronizaAon • 600 to 6000 MHz • 0.5 to 5W EIRP • PoE+ or Fiber
May 16, 2016
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pWave InstallaAons
Patents, Patents Pending May 16, 2016 Page 26
Power (if Fiber)
LTE Antennas
Fiber, power
pWaves
Frequency-‐agile RRH
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Outline
• Background • pCell: how it works • SDR wireless plaTorm • Experimental results • Conclusions
May 16, 2016 Patents, Patents Pending Page 27
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Conclusions
• Higher SE is the pracAcal soluAon to “spectrum crunch”
• Distributed antennas enable confined volumes with peak SINR
• Volumes for mulAple users yield large spaAal mulAplexing gain
• Large mulAplexing gain with a deployable SDR wireless plaTorm
May 16, 2016 Patents, Patents Pending Page 28
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References
Patents, Patents Pending May 16, 2016 Page 29
• [Artemis] S.G. Perlman and A. Forenza, “An introducAon to pCell”, Feb. 2015. hqp://www.rearden.com/artemis/An-‐IntroducAon-‐to-‐pCell-‐White-‐Paper-‐150224.pdf • [Cisco’16] Cisco, “Cisco visual network index: global mobile data traffic forecast update, 2015-‐2020”, White paper, Feb. 3, 2016
hqp://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/soluAons/collateral/service-‐provider/visual-‐networking-‐index-‐vni/mobile-‐white-‐paper-‐c11-‐520862.html • [Qualcomm] “The 1000x mobile data challenge”, Nov. 2013 hqps://www.qualcomm.com/invenAon/1000x • [SKT] H. Park, “Efficient spectrum resource usage for next-‐generaAon N/W”, SK Telecom, 3GPP workshop on Rel.12 and onwards, Jun. 2012
hqp://www.3gpp.org/wp/workshop/2012-‐06-‐11_12_RAN_REL12/Docs/RWS-‐120020.zip • [Nokia] “Support up to 1000 Ames more capacity”, hqp://networks.nokia.com/innovaAon/technology-‐vision/1000x-‐capacity • [3GPP] K. Mallinson, “2020 vision for LTE”, 3GPP, June 2012 hqp://www.3gpp.org/news-‐events/press-‐clippings/1261-‐2020-‐vision-‐for-‐lte • [CTIA’15] Sawanobori, T., Roche, R., “Mobile Data Demand: Growth Forecasts Met”, June 22, 2015. CTIA.
hqp://www.cAa.org/docs/default-‐source/default-‐document-‐library/062115mobile-‐data-‐demands-‐white-‐paper.pdf • [Andrews’15] A.K. Gupta, X. Zhang, J.G. Andrews, “PotenAal throughput in 3D ultradense cellular networks,” IEEE Asilomar Conf. on Sign. Syst. and Comp., Nov. 2015
[3GPP-‐TR36.839] 3GPP, “Mobility Enhancements in Heterogeneous Networks (Release 11),” TR 36.839, v11.0.0, Sep. 2012 hqp://www.3gpp.org/dynareport/36839.htm • [AT&T’12] “AT&T deploying SON technology as part of latest network upgrades”, Feb. 2012 hqp://www.cellular-‐news.com/story/Operators/53297.php • [Mao’08] X. Mao, A. Maaref, K. H. Teo “AdapAve Sow Frequency Reuse for Inter-‐Cell Interference CoordinaAon in SC-‐FDMA Based 3GPP LTE Uplinks,” Globecom, 2008 • [3GPP-‐TR36.819] 3GPP TR 36.819, “Coordinated mulA-‐point operaAon for LTE physical layer aspects (Rel. 11)”, Dec. 2011, hqp://www.qtc.jp/3GPP/Specs/36819-‐b10.pdf • [ChinaMob’11] “C-‐RAN, the road towards green RAN”, Oct. 2011 hqp://labs.chinamobile.com/cran/wp-‐content/uploads/CRAN_white_paper_v2_5_EN.pdf, p, 22 • [AT&T’15] Fierce Wireless, “AT&T drops goal of deploying 40,000 small cells on its network by end of 2015,” Mar. 2015
hqp://www.fiercewireless.com/story/aq-‐drops-‐goal-‐deploying-‐40000-‐small-‐cells-‐end-‐2015-‐ciAng-‐benefits-‐leap-‐de/2015-‐03-‐05 • [FCC’10] FCC, “ConnecAng America: the naAonal broadband plan”, p.84 hqp://download.broadband.gov/plan/naAonal-‐broadband-‐plan.pdf • [Forum’15] LTE-‐U Forum, “Coexistence study for LTE-‐U SDL,” LTE-‐U technical report, Feb. 2015
hqp://www.lteuforum.org/uploads/3/5/6/8/3568127/lte-‐u_forum_lte-‐u_technical_report_v1.0.pdf • [Qualcomm’15] “LTE-‐U/LAA, MuLTEfire and Wi-‐Fi, making best use of unlicensed spectrum,” Sep. 2015
hqps://www.qualcomm.com/media/documents/files/making-‐the-‐best-‐use-‐of-‐unlicensed-‐spectrum-‐presentaAon.pdf
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References
Patents, Patents Pending May 16, 2016 Page 30
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Thank you
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