"pcr for clay construction products" | carolin spirinckx

Ceramic Days Construction Conference

Carolin Spirinckx

26th of November 2013

Brussels, Belgium

PCR for Clay Construction Products

Confidential – © 2009, VITO NV – All rights reserved

Agenda

1. General introduction

2. LCA / EPD / PCR?

3. PCR for clay construction products

4. Conclusions


Green Star

Sustainable built environment: Some International recognised evaluations tools


» The challenges

» Sustainable production, use and end-of-life of building

materials, according to the 3 Ps

(People, Profit, Planet) over the entire life cycle

» By means of

» Economical management and reuse of raw materials, building

materials, building elements and buildings

» Development of new and innovative sustainable building

materials and systems

» Encourage the choice for sustainable building materials:

» Need for harmonised LABELS !

Sustainable built environment: … and what about sustainable building materials?


ISO 14020:2000 “Environmental labels and declarations - General

principles for labels and declarations of products, systems and services

» Type I – Labels – Type I environmental labelling (ISO 14024: 1999)

…

» Type II – Self declarations - Type II environmental labelling (ISO 14021:1999)

» Type III – Environmental Product Declarations (ISO 14025:2006)

… It all starts with

an LCA

Sustainable built environment: … labels for building materials and systems


Agenda


2. LCA / EPD / PCR?


4. Conclusions


Construction

process

End

of service life

Building

materials

Raw materials

EOL treatment

emissions, waste

product

Recycling

LCA: why?

Use phase:

energy,

maintenance, ...

Reuse

Reuse


Closing cycles

Save virgin

raw materials

Avoid

emissions

and waste

INTEGRAL CHAIN MANAGEMENT

LCA: why?


What is a Life Cycle Assessment - LCA?

LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) is a global analysis of

the environmental burdens, directly or indirectly

caused by a product, a material, a process, or

even more in general, by a system over its entire

life cycle

INTEGRAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

“CRADLE TO GRAVE”

Methodological framework:

ISO 14040 and ISO 14044


What is an Environmental Product

Declaration - EPD?

An environmental product declaration (EPD)

is defined as a quantified environmental

dataset for a product, process, system or

service with pre-set categories of

parameters based on the ISO 14040/44

series of standards but not excluding

additional environmental

information

Methodological framework:

ISO 14025

ISO 21930


In 2004 the Standardization Mandate M/350 was

addressed to CEN for the development of horizontal

standardized methods for the assessment of the

sustainability of construction works

The work has been allocated to CEN/TC 350

“Sustainability of Construction Works”

CEN TC 350


CEN TC 350 framework


» CEN/TC 350 WG 1 – Environmental

performance of buildings (EN 15978)

» CEN/TC 350 WG 3 – Product level (EN 15804)

» CEN/TC 350 WG 4 – Economic performance

assessment of buildings (prEN 16627)

» CEN/TC 350 WG 5 – Social performance

assessment of building (prEN 16309)

» CEN/TC 350 WG 6 – Civil engineering works

CEN TC 350 – Technical committees


Agenda


2. LCA / EPD / PCR?


4. Conclusions


TBE PCR for clay construction products

» Developed by TBE in collaboration with VITO

» Why?

» Lack of a harmonized PCR for

clay construction products

» Future EPDs at the national level

» based on the same common guidelines


» Objective?

» To develop a common operational methodology

that can be used across Europe to develop

EPDs for clay construction products used

within the building sector



» Starting point?

» EN 15804

» Sustainability of construction works

» Environmental product declarations

» Core rules for the product category of

construction products



» Basic principles » Scope of PCR – valid for

1. Clay roof tiles, fittings and accessories

2. Protected clay masonry and accessories

3. Unprotected clay masonry and accessories

4. Clay claddings

5. Clay pavers and accessory clay pavers

6. Clay blocks for construction of floor and roof systems

7. Clay blocks for chimney

8. Clay blocks for lintels

9. Ceramic roof boarding sarking



» Complete life cycle – modular approach



TBE PCR for clay construction products C

rad

le-t

o-g

rave


» Product stage (A1 to A3) » A1, raw material extraction and processing, processing of secondary

material input (e.g. recycling processes)

» A2, transport to the manufacturer

» A3, manufacturing

» Construction process stage (A4, A5) » A4, transport to the building site

» A5, installation into the building

» Use stage – related to building fabric (B1 to B5) » B1, use or application of the installed product

» B2, maintenance

» B3, repair

» B4, replacement

» B5, refurbishment



» Use stage – related to the operation of the building

(B6, B7) » B6, operational energy use (e.g. operation of heating system and other

building related installed services)

» B7, operational water use

» EOL stage (C1 to C4) » C1, de-construction, demolition

» C2, transport to waste processing

» C3, waste processing for reuse, recovery and/or recycling

» C4, disposal

» Module D » Strongly recommended to include in the EPD



» Guidance for the product stage (A1 to A3)



» Default scenarios for the construction process

stage (A4 and A5)



PCR for clay construction products

» A4 – transport to building site

» Guidance on methodology to determine the

environmental burdens related to transportation:

» Transport mode

» Transport distance

» Loading factor

» Scenarios for national average transportation distances



» A5 – installation at building site

» Default figures for construction waste released at

building site:

» 3% in mass for blocks

» 3% in mass for facing bricks

» 2% in mass for roof tiles

» Default packaging waste scenarios (transport to

treatment and waste treatment)


» Use stage (B1 to B7)




» B1 to B5 – use stage related to the fabric

» B1, use or application of the installed clay product

» B2, maintenance

» B3, repair

» B4, replacement

» B5, refurbishment

» Result: low environmental impacts if any



» B6, B7 – use stage related to the operation

» B6, operational energy use

» B7, operational water use

» Result: These modules are not relevant for clay construction

products


» Default scenarios for the EOL stage




» C1 to C4 – EOL stage

» C1, de-construction, demolition

» Result: low impacts

» C2, transport to waste processing

Default scenario

Transportation distance Module

From building site to container company or waste processor

39 km

module C for 100% clay products

From container company to final destination

23 km module C for 5% clay products, module D for 95% clay products



» C1 to C4 – EOL stage

» C3, waste processing for reuse, recovery and/or recycling

» C4, disposal

» European default scenario

» Some national default scenarios (Denmark, the Netherlands,

Germany)

EOL scenario Proportion (%)

Recycling and re-use 70

Landfilling 30


» Module D – strongly recommended




» Module D

» Methodology to calculate in PCR

» Examples in annex of PCR



» LCIA categories – EN 15804

Acidification potential: emissions from manufacturing processes resulting in acid rain

Abiotic depletion fossil and non fossil resources:

exhaustion of natural resources

Eutrophication: over-fertilisation of water and soil

Global warming: insulating effect of greenhouse gases, such as CO2 and methane

Ozone layer depletion: depletion of the ozone layer in the atmosphere caused by emissions of pollutants

Photochemical oxidation: photochemical reaction of sunlight

with primary air pollutants, that leads to chemical smog



» LCIA categories – additionally

Environmental impact Unit Recommanded method

Marine ecotoxicity kg 1,4 DB-eq CML

Freshwater ecotoxicity kg 1,4 DB-eq CML

Terrestrial ecotoxicity kg 1,4 DB-eq CML

Human toxicity (cancer effects) kg 1,4 DB-eq CML

Human toxicity (non-cancer effects) kg 1,4 DB-eq CML

soil organic matter, occupation kg C deficit mila i canals

soil organic matter, transformation kg C deficit mila i canals

biodiversity, occupation PDF*m² year ecoindicator 99

biodiversity, transformation PDF*m² year ecoindicator 99

Human toxicity

Additional environmental impact categories

Ecotoxicity

Land use Soil quality

Biodiversity


Agenda


2. LCA / EPD / PCR?


4. Conclusions


Conclusions

EPDs start to become important on expert level

encouraged by the work of CEN TC 350

Companies that are active on the European market as well

as more and more consultants in the field of sustainable

buildings are supporting the development of EPDs

It is important for the construction business that

environmental information is provided in an objective,

standardized form to avoid costly adaptations of the

calculation in every country the product shall be traded

The TBE PCR for clay construction products will play an

important role in that framework!


Thank you for your attention!

QUESTIONS?

"pcr for clay construction products" | carolin spirinckx

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