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178 Comprehension

Man Who Named Clouds

Home Activity Your child identified information from a graphic source. Work with him or her to identify other graphic sources in newspapers or magazines. Together, take information from a newspaper or magazine article and create a graph or table to show it.

Graphic Sources • Agraphic source shows or explains information in the text. Pictures, maps, charts, time

lines, and diagrams are all graphic sources.

Directions Study the following table. Then answer the questions below.

Chicago, IL Temperature and Precipitation Averages

Month Temperature (High) Precipitation (Inches)

January 22° 4.78"

March 45° 6.70"

May 68° 3.65"

July 84° 3.70"

September 73° 5.85"

November 47° 4.01"

1. What does this table show?

2. In what month is it most likely to rain or snow?

3. Based on the table, what do you think the weather is like in Chicago in December?

4. How could this table be of value in planning an outdoor event in Chicago?

5. What other graphic source could you use to show this information?

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Writing Narrative Poem 179

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Writing • Narrative PoemKey Features of Narrative Poems

• tellsastoryinsequenceandincludesmaincharacter(s)

•canincludemeter,rhymes,andrefrains

•useslanguageplayfully

In Sweden in 1707, Carl von Linné was born one day in May.Known as Carolus Linnaeus,His work would be famous one day.

He named our plants and animals, He gave them Latin names.So the man called Carl Von Linné,Became known by his Latin name.

Carl’s father had a garden, withPlants and flowers, wild and tame.As a little boy Carl loved them all.He knew each one needed a name.

He named our plants and animals, He gave them Latin names.So the man called Carl Von Linné,Became known by his Latin name.

1. Who is the main character and what story does this narrative poem tell?

2. What are the words that rhyme in the third stanza?

Carl from Sweden

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180 Vocabulary

VocabularyDirections Choose the word from the box that best matches each clue. Write the word on the line.

1. making by hand or machine

2. the continued action of a weight or other force

3. a person learning a trade or an art from a skilled worker

4. any substance used in or produced by chemistry

5. the air that surrounds the earth

Directions Choose the word from the box that best completes each sentence below. Write the word on the line shown to the left.

6. Maya and I joined the photography .

7. Maya photographed the of the fish.

8. Avoid too much on the camera’s shutter button.

9. Maya wrote a short about her visit to the fish market.

10. I wrote about clouds in the .

Write a PoemOn a separate sheet of paper, write a poem about your favorite type of weather. Use as many vocabulary words as you can.

Home Activity Your child identified and used words from the story The Man Who Named the Clouds. Review the definitions with your child and talk about other meanings for each word. Work together to use the words in sentences.

Check the Words You Know

apprenticeatmospherechemicalclubessaymanufacturingpressurescales

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Conventions Action and Linking Verbs 181


Action and Linking Verbs

The main word in the predicate of a sentence is a verb. Verbs that show actions are called action verbs. Most verbs show actions you can see. Some verbs, such as think and wonder, show actions you cannot see.

Action Verbs Luke finished school at age fifteen. Luke thought the clouds needed names.

Linking verbs do not show actions. They tell what the subject is or what the subject is like. Common linking verbs are forms of the verb to be, such as am, is, are, was, and were. Verbs such as seem, appear, become, and feel can also be linking verbs.

Linking Verbs Luke’s school was a religious boarding school. He felt that there were seven types of clouds.

Directions Circle the verb in each sentence.

1. Wind usually moves from west to east.

2. Some clouds appear like animals in the sky.

3. Luke was unhappy at his first job.

4. His father loaned him money.

5. He filled the shelves with books.

6. Luke wondered about names for the clouds.

7. Some names were not exact enough.

8. At first, Luke described three main cloud shapes.

Directions Underline action verbs. Circle linking verbs.

9. Many people still wonder about the clouds.

10. Some weather reports describe the day’s clouds.

11. Tall cumulonimbus clouds often bring thunderstorms.

12. Cirrus clouds are very thin.

Home Activity Your child learned about action and linking verbs. Ask your child to tell you something that happened today. Have your child identify action and linking verbs in his or her account.

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Home Activity Your child wrote words with -ed and -ing endings. Say a list word and have your child spell the list word aloud.

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182 Spelling Adding -ed and -ing

Adding -ed and -ing

Definitons Write a list word to fit each definition. If the verb in the definition ends with -ed, write an -ed word. If the verb ends with -ing, write an -ing word.

1. raced _________________ 3. occurring _________________ 5. ended _________________ 7. moved to music _________________ 9. stealing _________________

Complete the Sentence Read the base word at the beginning of each sentence. Write the correct form of the base word to complete the sentence.

11. hurry Did you see anyone ____ by here lately? 12. happen No I didn’t. What ____? 13. stop Well, I heard cars ____ quickly. 14. dance People seemed to be ____ around in front

of the bank. 15. rob Then I realized they were shouting that the

bank had been ____. 16. notice Soon I ____ the sound of sirens. 17. study I saw police ____ the crime scene. 18. slip The thief had ____ away. 19. watch Now the police are ____ the bank’s videotape. 20. dry Soon the criminal will be ____ his tears in jail.

Spelling Words

watchedstudyinghappenedrobbing

watchingstopped happeningslipped

dancedstoppingnoticedslipping

dancingdriednoticinghurried

studieddryingrobbedhurrying

11. ______________ 12. ______________ 13. ______________ 14. ______________

15. ______________

16. ______________ 17. ______________ 18. ______________ 19. ______________ 20. ______________

2. paying attention _________________ 4. reviewed for a test _________________ 6. falling on ice _________________ 8. observed _________________ 10. dehydrated _________________

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Writing Plan 183


Title

Beginning

Middle

End

Story Sequence A

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184 Vocabulary

Home Activity Your child learned to use context clues to choose the correct meaning of a multiple meaning word. With your child, take turns coming up with words that have more than one meaning. One says a word that the other uses in two sentences, each revealing one possible meaning of the word.

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Vocabulary: Context Clues•Youmightreadawordwhosemeaningyouknow,buttheworddoesn’tmakesensein

the sentence. The word may have more than one meaning. You can use context clues to decide which meaning the author is using.

Directions Read the following passage about the Weather Club. Then answer the questions below. Look for context clues as you read.

Twice a month, Carlos and Tina meet with the Weather Club. Here,

club members learn about patterns and changes in the weather. They learn how clouds are formed and what causes lightning. Members also use different scales, such as those on thermometers and barometers, to gather information

about the atmosphere. A barometer measures air pressure. Carlos and Tina are learning how air pressure, or the force exerted by the atmosphere, affects weather. For example, low pressure, can signal an impending, or coming, storm. As apprentice meteorologists, they are becoming experts in the study of weather.

1. What does the word club mean in this passage? What clues helped you figure this out?

2. What is another meaning of club?

3. What does the word pressure mean in this passage? What clues helped you figure this out?

4. What is another meaning for pressure?

5. Scale can mean “a series of marks along a line used in measuring” or “one of the thin, hard plates found on some fish and reptiles.” How is it used in the passage? How can you tell?


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Research and Study Skills 185

AlmanacAn almanac is a book that is published every year. It contains calendars, weather information, and dates of holidays. It also contains charts and tables of current information about subjects such as city population and recent prize winners in science, literature, or sports.

Directions Review this information from an almanac.

Fall Facts • FallusuallylastsfromSeptember22(or23)toDecember21(or22).

• September22(or23)hasequalhoursduringthedayandnight.

• December21(or22)istheshortestdayoftheyear.

• Fall,alsocalledautumn,isatimeforharvestingcrops.

• Fallisapopulartimeforfestivalscelebratingcrops.

Fall HolidaysHoliday Date Common Image

ColumbusDay second Monday in October ship

Halloween October31 pumpkin

Thanksgiving fourth Thursday in November turkey

Fall Leaves • Sometreeshaveleavesthatturnyellow(insteadoforangeorred)eachautumn.

Examples include birch, tulip poplar, hickory, and redbud trees.

• DuringthefallintheUnitedStates,themostbrilliantleafcolorsappearintheNewEnglandstates.

Peak Times to See Colorful LeavesState Time

Maryland SeptemberandearlyOctober

North Carolina mid-Septembertomid-October

New York mid-SeptembertoearlyNovember

Maine endofSeptembertomid-October

WestVirginia early October to end of November

Georgia late October

Kentucky October and most of November

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186 Research and Study Skills

Directions Use the information from the almanac to answer the following questions.

1. Which section gives information about trees and leaf colors?

2. What are the three holidays listed in this part of the almanac?

3. What is the shortest day of the year?

4. An image of a ship is often used to indicate which holiday?

5. How is the table labeled “Peak Times to See Colorful Leaves” arranged?

6. In which states can people best view leaves changing color on Thanksgiving?

7. Give two examples of trees whose leaves change only to yellow.

8. About how long is autumn, according to the information given in the almanac?

9. Which is more likely to be useful when planning a vacation: an almanac or an encyclopedia?

10. For what reasons might you choose an almanac over a dictionary to find information about autumn?

Home Activity Your child studied an almanac and answered questions about its use. With your child, look at the almanacs in a library’s reference section. Choose a topic and find out what kinds of information on this topic can be found in an almanac.

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Home Activity Your child identified misspelled words with -ed and -ing endings. Say a base word, and have your child add the endings and spell the list words.

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Spelling Adding -ed and -ing 187

Adding -ed and -ingProofread a Story Read the story. Circle six misspelled words and write them correctly. Rewrite the sentence that has a punctuation error.

A Dancer DreamsAfter Katrina put on her costume, she

stoped to look into the mirror. “Maybe tonight I’ll be notised, she said

softly. Katrina had been studing dancing for

most of her fourteen years. She wacht other dancers become famous. Katrina hoped that would happen to her soon.

She struck her most graceful pose in front of the mirror. Then she openned the door and hurryed out to the stage.

1. _______________ 2. _______________ 3. _______________ 4. _______________ 5. _______________ 6. _______________ 7. __________________________________________________

Proofread Words Write the misspelled list word correctly.

8. driing _______________ 10. sliped _______________ 12. robed _______________ 14. noticeing _______________ 16. stoping _______________ 18. robing _______________

Spelling Words

watchedwatchingdanceddancingstudiedstudying stoppedstoppingdrieddrying

happenedhappeningnoticednoticingrobbedrobbingslippedslippinghurriedhurrying

Spelling Words

9. happing _______________ 11. danceed _______________ 13. hurryng _______________ 15. studyed _______________ 17. hapened _______________ 19. dryed _______________

Frequently Misspelled

Words

swimming stopped happened slipped opened

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188 Conventions Action and Linking Verbs

Home Activity Your child prepared for taking tests on action and linking verbs. Have your child write action and linking verbs on index cards. Ask your child to use these verbs in sentences as you hold up the cards one at a time.

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Action and Linking Verbs Directions Read the passage. Then read each question. Circle the letter of the correct answer.

Cloud Watch(1) Many people is interested in the clouds. (2) Clouds come in many different

shapes. (3) Long ago, people keeps journals about weather and clouds. (4) Luke Howard studyd clouds, temperature, and rainfall. (5) He write an essay on the classification of clouds. (6) Luke named seven kinds of clouds.

1 What change, if any, should be made in sentence 1?

A Change is interested to are interested.

B Change is interested to was interested.

C Change is interested to is interesting.

D Make no change.


A Change come to came.

B Change come to comes.

C Change shapes to shape.

D Make no change.


A Change keeps to keeping.

B Change keeps to kept.

C Change keeps to keep.

D Make no change.


A Change studyd to studied.

B Change studyd to has studyd.

C Change studyd to have studyd.

D Make no change.


A Change write to had writed.

B Change write to wrote.

C Change write to writes.

D Make no change.


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