environment impact assessment report...

ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

FOR

VISAKHA REFINERY MODERNIZATION PROJECT

M/s HINDUSTAN PETROLEUM CORPORATION LIMITED

REPORT NO. A670-EI-1742-1501

AUGUST 2015

EIA STUDY FOR VISAKH REFINERY MODERNIZATION

PROJECT OF M/S HPCL

Document No. A670-EI-1742-1501

Rev. No. 0

Template No. 5-0000-0001-T2 Rev. 1 Copyrights EIL – All rights reserved

EIA REPORT

0 19.08.2015 ISSUED AS FINAL DD/CP VS RBB

A 23.04.2015 ISSUED AS DRAFT HG VS JKJ

Rev. No Date Purpose Prepared by Reviewed by Approved by



PROJECT OF M/S HPCL

Document No. A670- EI-1742- 1501

Rev 0

TEAM MEMBERS

S. No. Name Division EIAC/FAE 1. Mr.J.K.Joshi Environment EIAC/FAE 2. Mr.R.S.Prasad Environment FAE 3. Mr.P.K.Goel Environment FAE 4. Mr.Sudhir Saxena Corporate

Affairs & CSRFAE

5. Ms. Malvika Bhatnagar Corporate Affairs & CSR

FAE

6. Mr.SVR Subramanyam ETD-Analysis FAE 7. Dr. Chiranjibi Pattanaik Environment FAE 8. Mr. Gangadin Gautam POSD FAE 9. Mr. Himanshu Gupta Environment - 10. Ms. Akanksha Jain Environment - 11. Mr. Deepak Kumar POSD - 12. Mr. Sandeep Sharma POSD - 13. Mr. Sunil Toor POSD - 14. Divya Dutta Environment -


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1Document No. A670-EIA-1741-1401

Rev. No. 0

TABLE OF CONTENTS

S. NO. CONTENTS PAGE

NO.

CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION 1.0 INTRODUCTION 2 1.1 VISAKH REFINERY MODERNIZATION PROJECT (VRMP) 2 1.2 SCOPE OF THE EIA 3 1.3 FRAME WORK OF ASSESSMENT 4 1.4 METHODOLOGY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

ASSESSMENT 4

1.4.1 PROJECT SETTING AND DESCRIPTION 5 1.4.2 IDENTIFICATION OF IMPACTS 5 1.4.3 BASELINE DATA COLLECTION 5 1.4.4 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT PREDICTION & EVALUATION 5 1.4.5 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP) 6 1.5 CONTENTS OF THE EIA REPORT 6

CHAPTER-2 PROJECT DETAILS 2.0 INTRODUCTION 10 2.1 PROJECT LOCATION 10 2.2 EXISTING FACILITIES AT REFINERY 18 2.3 PROJECT CONFIGURATION FOR VRMP 19 2.4 UTILITIES CONSUMPTION FOR VRMP 23 2.4.1 RAW WATER REQUIREMENT 24 2.4.2 POWER CONSUMPTION 27 2.4.3 FUEL REQUIREMENT 28 2.4.4 COOLING WATER SYSTEM 29 2.5 EMISSIONS FROM PROPOSED UNITS 30 2.5.1 AIR ENVIRONMENT 30 2.5.2 WATER ENVIRONMENT 32 2.5.3 LAND ENVIRONMENT 44 2.5.4 NOISE ENVIRONMENT 49 2.6 LOGISTICS 49 2.6.1 CRUDE 49 2.6.2 FINISHED PRODUCTS 49 2.7 OFFSITE FACILITIES 50 2.7.1 CRUDE OIL STORAGE 50 2.7.2 INTERMEDIATE FEED STORAGE 50 2.7.3 FINISHED PRODUCT STORAGE 51 2.7.4 FLARE SYSTEM 51

CHAPTER-3 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 3.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 63 3.1 AIR ENVIRONMENT 63 3.1.1 MICROMETEOROLOGICAL DATA 63


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3.1.2 SELECTION OF AAQ STATIONS 67 3.1.3 AAQ STATUS 69 3.1.4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 69 3.2 NOISE ENVIRONMENT 76 3.2.1 IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF NOISE ENVIRONMENT 77 3.2.2 METHODOLOGY OF NOISE MEASUREMENT 79 3.2.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 80 3.2.4 TRAFFIC DENSITY 81 3.3 WATER ENVIRONMENT 83 3.3.1 SAMPLE COLLECTION AND METHODOLOGY 83 3.3.2 RESULT AND DISCUSSION 88 3.4 LAND ENVIRONMENT 96 3.4.1 METHODOLOGY OF SAMPLE COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS 96 3.4.2 SOIL DATA ANALYSIS 99 3.5 SOCIO ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT 103 3.5.1 INTRODUCTION 103 3.5.2 SOCIOECONOMIC STRUCTURE 103 3.6 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT 109 3.6.1 OBJECTIVES OF ECOLOGICAL STUDIES 109 3.6.2 METHODOLOGY ADOPTED FOR THE SURVEY 110 3.6.3 CROPPING PATTERN 110 3.6.4 METHODOLOGY- FLORA AND FAUNA 110 3.6.5 ANALYSIS OF FLORAL DIVERSITY 111 3.6.6 NATIONAL PARK/ SANCTUARY 127 3.6.7 ANALYSIS OF FAUNAL DIVERSITY 127 3.6.8 PHOTOGRAPHS OF VARIOUS FLORA-FAUNA SPECIES 134

CHAPTER-4 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES

4.0 IMPACT ASSESSMENT 139 4.1 METHODOLOGY 139 4.2 IDENTIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 144 4.3 AIR ENVIRONMENT 145 4.3.1 CONSTRUCTION PHASE 145 4.3.2 OPERATION PHASE 146 4.4 WATER ENVIRONMENT 153 4.4.1 CONSTRUCTION PHASE 153 4.4.2 OPERATION PHASE 155 4.5 NOISE ENVIRONMENT 157 4.5.1 CONSTRUCTION PHASE 157 4.5.2 OPERATION PHASE 159 4.6 LAND ENVIRONMENT 160 4.6.1 CONSTRUCTION PHASE 160 4.6.2 OPERATION PHASE 162 4.7 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT 163 4.7.1 CONSTRUCTION PHASE 163 4.7.2 OPERATION PHASE 164 4.8 SOCIOECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT 165


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4.8.1 CONSTRUCTION PHASE 165 4.8.2 OPERATION PHASE 168 4.9 SUMMARY OF IMPACT 170

CHAPTER-5 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM

5.1 INTRODUCTION 172 5.2 OBJECTIVES OF MONITORING 1725.3 MONITORING SCHEDULE 172 CHAPTER-6 QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT STUDY 175

6.0 ADDITIONAL STUDIES 176

6.1 PUBLIC HEARING 176

6.2 QUANTITATIVE RISK ANALYSIS 178

6.3 APPROACH METHODOLOGY 178

6.4 MAJOR FINDINGS 179

CHAPTER-7 PROJECT BENEFITS 180

7.1 CONTRIBUTION TO NATIONAL ENERGY SECURITY 181 7.2 SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 181

CHAPTER-8 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN 183

8.0 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN 183 8.1 EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS 183 8.2 EXISTING AND PROPOSED CSR ACTIVITES 184 8.2.1 CSR STATEMENT OF PURPOSE 185 8.2.2 CSR INITIATIVES UNDERTAKEN BY HPCL IN THE PAST 5

YEARS IN VIZAG 185

8.2.3 APPROVED PLAN FOR CSR ACTIVITIES FOR VR IN 2014-15 186 8.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 192 8.3.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN AT PLANNING PHASE 1928.3.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AT CONSTRUCTION &

OPERATIONS PHASE 203

8.4 IMPLEMENTATION OF ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT (CONSTRUCTION PHASE)

222

8.5 ENVIRONMENTAL BUDGET 223 8.5.1 ENVIRONMENTAL BUDGET (CONSTRUCTION PHASE) 223 8.5.2 ENVIRONMENTAL BUDGET (OPERATION PHASE) 224 CHAPTER-9 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

9.1 BACKGROUND 226 9.2 EXISTING REFEINRY 227


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9.3 SITE SELECTION 227 CHAPTER-10 ENVIRONMENTAL COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS

10.0 ENVIRONMENTAL COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS 229 10.1 PROJECT FINANCIAL DETAILS 229 10.2 PROJECT COSTS 230 10.3 MONITORING AND REPORTING COSTS 230 10.4 NON-QUANTIFIED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 230

CHAPTER-11

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

11.1 SUMMARY 232 11.2 CONCLUSIONS 232 11.3 MANAGEMENT OF RELEASES OF POLLUTANTS 232 11.4 GREENBELT DEVELOPMENT 233 11.5 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF CIL 233 11.6 REMARKS 233 CHAPTER -12 DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS

12.1 GENERAL INFORMATION 235 12.2 ESTABLISHMENT 235 12.3 EIL’S VISION 236 12.4 EIL’S MISSION 236 12.5 CORE VALUES OF EIL 236 12.6 QUALITY POLICY OF EIL 237 12.7 HSE POLICY OF EIL 237 12.8 ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY OF EIL 237 12.9 RISK MANAGEMENT POLICY OF EIL 237



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PROJECT OF M/S HPCL

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE TOPIC PAGE NO.

2.1 GEOGRAPHICAL MAP 11

2.2 PROJECT LOCATION 12

2.3 PERSPECTIVE VIEW OF VISAKH REFINERY AND ASSOCIATED FACILITIES

13

2.4 PLOT PLAN OF HPCL REFINERY, POST VRMP 14

2.5 PLOT PLAN OF HPCL ATP AREA, POST VRMP 15

2.6 PLOT PLAN OF HPCL VPT-I PLOT PLAN POST VRMP INDICATING GREEN BELT DETAILS

16

2.7 EXISTING REFINERY CONFIGURATION 18

2.8 RAW WATER BALANCE (VRMP CASE) 25

2.9 RAW WATER BALANCE (OVERALL CASE) 26

2.10 IETP BLOCK FLOW DIAGRAM 36

3.1 PRIMARY DATA-WIND ROSE (NOVEMBER 2014 –JANUARY 2015)

64

3.2 IMD DATA 66

3.3 METEOROLOGICAL SCENARIO- WIND ROSES 66

3.4 MAP SHOWING AIR MONITORING LOCATIONS IN STUDY

AREA

68

3.5 GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF PM10 & PM2.5 71

3.6 GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF SO2 & NO2 72

3.7 GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF CO 73

3.8 MAP SHOWING NOISE MONITORING LOCATIONS 78

3.9 MAP SHOWING TRAFFIC LOCATIONS 82

3.10 MAP SHOWING GROUND & SUB-SURFACE WATER SAMPLING LOCATIONS

87

3.11 MAP SHOWING SOIL SAMPLING LOCATIONS 98

3.12 HABIT WISE REPRESENTATIONS OF PLANTS FROM THE STUDY AREA

124

3.13 PHOTOGRAPHS OF VARIOUS FLORA SPECIES COLLECTED DURING SURVEY

135

3.14 PHOTOGRAPHS OF VARIOUS FAUNA SPECIES COLLECTED DURING SURVEY

137

8.1 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

183

8.2 PHOTOGRAPHS OF CSR ACTIVITIES AT VISAKH REFINERY

188

9.1 VISAKHAPATNAM CLUSTER MASTER PLAN 226

12.1 EIL ACCREDITATION BY NABET 239



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LIST OF TABLES

TABLE TOPIC PAGE

NO.

2.1 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING OF THE PROJECT 17

2.2 EXISTING UNIT CAPACITIES 18

2.3 VRMP UNIT CAPACITIES 19

2.4 MATERIAL BALANCE/ PRODUCT YIELD 20

2.5 VRMP UTILITIES SUMMARY 23

2.6 TOTAL REFINERY WATER REQUIREMENT 26

2.7 POWER REQUIREMENT IN VRMP 26

2.8 HEATER/ FURNACE DUTY REQUIREMENT IN VRMP 29

2.9 SULPHUR BALANCE 30

2.10 DETAILS OF SOx BALANCE 31

2.11 MAX WATER REQUIREMENT AND RAW WATER BALANCE 32

2.12 TOTAL OWS EFFLUENT GENERATION POST VRMP 34

2.13 TOTAL CRW EFFLUENT GENERATION POST VRMP 35

2.14 TOTAL SPENT CAUSTIC GENERATION POST VRMP 35

2.15 DESIGN CAPACITIES OF IETP STREAMS 37

2.16 LIQUID EFFLUENT SUMMARY 37

2.17 CHEMICAL CONSUMPTION 45

2.18 CATALYST QUANTITY AND CATALYST LIFE 46

2.19 CRUDE THROUGHPUT FOR VRMP 49

2.20 LIST OF NEW CRUDE/ TANK PRODUCTS 52

2.21 LIST OF EXISTING TANKS WIH THEIR MODIFIED SERVICE POST VRMP

52

2.22 LIST OF PRODUCT TANKS 53

2.23 LIST OF INTERMEDIATE TANKS 57

3.1 SUMMARISED PRIMARY METEOROLOGICAL DATA 63

3.2 MONTHLY MEAN VALUES OF METEOROLOGICAL DATA FOR THE YEAR, OCT 2013- SEP 2014

65

3.3 LIST OF MONITORING LOCATIONS - AIR 68

3.4 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY – METHODOLOGY 69

3.5 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING RESULTS

NAME OF THE POLLUTANT: PARTICULATE MATTER (PM10) (µg/m3)

70



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NAME OF THE POLLUTANT: PARTICULATE MATTER (PM2.5) (µg/m3)

70


NAME OF THE POLLUTANT: SULPHUR DIOXIDE (SO2) (µg/m3)

71

3.8 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING RESULTS (µg/m3)

NAME OF THE POLLUTANT:OXIDES OF NITROGEN (NO2)

72


NAME OF THE POLLUTANT: CARBON MONOXIDE (CO) (mg/m3)

73


NAME OF THE POLLUTANT: HYDROCARBONS (HC) METHANE (µg/m3)

74


NAME OF THE POLLUTANT: HYDROCARBONS (HC) NON METHANE (µg/m3)

74


NAME OF THE POLLUTANT: BENZENE (µg/m3)

75


NAME OF THE POLLUTANT: BENZO (A) PYRENE (ng/m3)

75


NAME OF THE POLLUTANT: VOC (µg/m3)

76

3.15 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS IN RESPECT OF NOISE 80

3.16 HOURLY NOISE DATA (DAY AND NIGHT TIMINGS IN LEQ dB(A) 81

3.17 TRAFFIC DATA 83

3.18 WATER SAMPLING LOCATIONS IN THE STUDY AREA 84

3.19 METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF WATER SAMPLE 85

3.20 WATER QUALITY CRITERIA FOR SURFACE WATERS 89

3.21 WATER QUALITY - PHYSICO-CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF GROUND WATER (NOV)

90

3.22 WATER QUALITY - PHYSICO-CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF SURFACE WATER (NOV)

91

3.23 WATER QUALITY - PHYSICO-CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF GROUND WATER (DEC)

92

3.24 WATER QUALITY - PHYSICO-CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF SURFACE WATER (DEC)

93

3.25 WATER QUALITY - PHYSICO-CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF GROUND WATER (JAN)

94

3.26 WATER QUALITY - PHYSICO-CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF SURFACE WATER (JAN)

95

3.27 PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF THE SOIL 100



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SAMPLING PERIOD: NOV 2014

3.28 PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF THE SOIL SAMPLING PERIOD: DEC 2014

101

3.29 STANDARDS: CONCENTRATION OF SOIL 102

3.30 POPULATION COMPOSITION 104

3.31 OCCUPATIONAL DISTRIBUTION, 2001 105

3.32 LITERACY LEVELS 106

3.33 DISTRIBUTION OF PLANTS IN THE STUDY AREA AND ITS SURROUNDING

112

3.34 DETAILS OF PLANT FAMILIES WITH NUMBER OF SPECIES 125

3.35 LIST OF BIRDS DOCUMENTED DURING THE STUDY PERIOD 127

3.36 DETAILS OF FAMILIES OF BIRDS SPECIES WITH THEIR

NUMBER

129

3.37 LIST OF BUTTERFLIES IN THE STUDY AREA 131

3.38 FAMILY WISE DISTRIBUTION OF BUTTERFLIES IN THE

STUDY AREA

132

3.39 LIST OF AMPHIBIANS RECORDED IN THE STUDY AREA 132

3.40 LIST OF REPTILES RECORDED IN THE STUDY AREA 133

3.41 MAMMALS RECORDED IN THE STUDY AREA 133

4.1 MATRIX FOR EVALUATING SPATIAL CRITERIA 141

4.2 MATRIX FOR EVALUATING TEMPORAL CRITERIA 142

4.3 MATRIX FOR EVALUATING SIGNIFICANCE 143

4.4 IMPACT IDENTIFICATION MATRIX 144

4.5 IMPACT OF AIR EMISSIONS (CONSTRUCTION PHASE) 145

4.6 DETAILS OF VARIOUS STACKS EMISSIONS IN BASE CASE 146

4.7 DETAILS OF VARIOUS EXISTING STACKS EMISSIONS IN VRMP CASE

148

4.8 DETAILS OF VARIOUS NEW STACKS EMISSIONS IN VRMP CASE

150

4.9 IMPACT OF EMISSIONS BEFORE VRMP 151

4.10 IMPACTS OF EMISSIONS AFTER VRMP (FOR EXISTING STACKS)

151

4.11 RESULTANT GLC AFTER VRMP 152

4.12 IMPACT OF AIR EMISSIONS (OPERATION PHASE) 152

4.13 IMPACT OF WATER CONSUMPTION (CONSTRUCTION PHASE)

154

4.14 IMPACT OF EFFLUENT GENERATION (CONSTRUCTION PHASE)

155



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4.15 IMPACT OF WATER CONSUMPTION (OPERATION PHASE) 156

4.16 IMPACT OF EFFLUENT GENERATION (OPERATION PHASE) 157

4.17 SOUND PRESSURE (NOISE) LEVELS OF CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY

158

4.18 IMPACT ON AMBIANT NOISE (CONSTRUCTION PHASE) 158

4.19 IMPACT ON AMBIENT NOISE (OPERATION PHASE) 159

4.20 IMPACT ON LAND USE & TOPOGRAPHY (CONSTRUCTION PHASE)

161

4.21 IMPACT ON SOIL QUALITY (CONSTRUCTION PHASE) 161

4.22 IMPACT ON SOIL QUALITY (OPERATION PHASE) 162

4.23 IMPACT ON BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT (CONSTRUCTION PHASE)

163

4.24 IMPACT ON BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT (OPERATION PHASE)

164

4.25 IMPACT ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT (CONSTRUCTION PHASE)

167

4.26 IMPACT ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT (OPERATION PHASE)

169

4.27 SUMMARY OF IMPACT EVALUATION IN TERMS OF SIGNIFICANCE VALUE

170

5.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM (CONSTRUCTION PHASE)

173

5.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM (OPERATION PHASE)

173

8.1 CAPEX AND OPEX ALLOCATIONS FOR EACH COMPONENT OF CSR FUND

187

8.2 ACTIVITY WISE DETAILS FOR CSR WORKS PLANEND FOR 2014-15

191

8.3 EMISSION STANDARDS 194

8.4 TREATMENT SCHEME OF IETP 201

8.5 ADDITIONAL TARFFIC LOAD DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE

206

8.6 LIST OF PLANT SPECIES TO BE PLANTED IN THE GREENBELT DEVELOPMENT PLAN

211

8.7 BUDGET OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN for VRMP

223

8.8 BUDGET FOR EMP IMPLEMENTATION (CONSTRUCTION PHASE)

223

8.9 BUDGET FOR EMP IMPLEMENTATION (OPERATION PHASE) 224

10.1 DETAILS OF IRR 229



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LIST OF ANNEXURES ANNEXURE-I COMPLIANCE OF EC CONDITIONS ANNEXURE-II COMPLIANCE TO CTE / CFO ANNEXURE-III AMBIENT AIR MONITORING DATA FOR 2 YEARS ANNEXURE-IV REMOTE SENSING MAPS ANNEXURE-V LIST OF INDUSTRIES IN STUDY AREA ANNEXURE-VI CREP DETAILS ANNEXURE-VII TSDF MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE ANNEXURE-VIII LIST OF CHEMICALS (MSHIC) IN REFINERY ANNEXURE-IX SEISMIC ZONE OF STUDY AREA ANNEXURE-X OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH DETAILS OF HPCL VIZAG

REFINERY ANNEXURE-XI CORPORATE ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBILITY (CER)

DETAILS ANNEXURE-XII COPY OF APPROVED TOR BY MoEFCC ANNEXURE-XIII PERMISSION OF WATER SUPPLY BY GVMC ANNEXURE-XIV STACK EMISSIONS AND AIR MODELLING DETAILS ANNEXURE-XV NOISE DATA ANNEXURE-XVI TRAFFIC DATA ANNEXURE-XVII ENVIRONMENT STATUS COMPLIANCE SHEET ANNEXURE-XVIII PUBLIC HEARING COMPLIANCE REPORT

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EIA STUDY FOR VISAKHA REFINERY

MODERNIZATION PROJECT OF M/S HPCL

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY


EIA STUDY FOR VISAKHA REFINERY MODERNIZATION

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1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The Executive Summary covers the following topics in brief: 1. Project Description 2. Description of Environment 3. Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation measures 4. Environmental Monitoring Program 5. Environment Management Plan 6. Additional studies 7. Project Benefits

1.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Presently, HPCL intends to further enhance its Visakha Refinery capacity up to 15 MMTPA under Visakha Refinery Modernization Project (VRMP). Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change (MoEFCC) accorded approval for Terms of reference (TOR) for this project during its 20th Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) meeting held during 23rd June 2014 to 24th June 2014. HPCL entrusted the task of carrying out EIA study to Engineers India Limited (EIL). EIL is an accredited agency (Accreditation No.- 43/2015) for carrying out EIA studies for petroleum refineries by Quality Council of India (QCI). The Visakha Refinery Modernization Project (VRMP) is expansion of HPCL’s Visakh Refinery from existing 8.33 MMTPA to 15 MMTPA, located at Visakhapatnam in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India (17041’41.51” N, 83014’52.42” E). The total capital cost of the project is estimated as Rs. 18412.24 crores. An area of 167.5 acres is envisaged for project development within the refinery premises, ATP area and VPT-I plot. The study for the project is considered as 10 km radius around the existing Visakha Refinery. The impacts are assessed and evaluated considering spatial, temporal, intensity and vulnerability scales, for both construction and operation phases separately. Environmental baseline survey was carried out by M/s Pragathi Labs & Consultants Pvt. Limited, Hyderabad, MoEF recognized laboratory, for one season starting from November 2014 to January 2015. As a part of VRMP, the following facilities will be developed:

a. A new CDU of 9.0 MMTPA in lieu of one existing CDU (New configuration : new CDU-IV of 9 MMTPA and existing 2 CDU’s of total 6 MMTPA)

b. A new Slurry Hydrocracker Unit (SHCU) of 2.5 MMTPA c. A new Solvent Deasphalting unit (SDA) of 3.1 MMTPA d. A new Full Conversion Hydrocracker Unit (HCU) of 3.3 MMTPA e. A new Isomerization Unit (ISOM) of 292 KTPA f. A new Propylene recovery unit (PRU) of 96 TPD g. Revamp of Diesel Hydro Treater (DHT) unit to achieve an improvement in capacity upto

2.64 MMTPA (20% increase) h. Revamp of Continuous Catalytic Cracker (CCR) unit i. Revamp of Naphtha Hydro Treating Unit (NHT)

Provision for alkylation unit (200 KTA) is considered at the time of implementation of BS-V norms for MS. Revamp of existing NHT and CCR has been considered approx 30%. The new units are proposed to be located within Refinery and plot area available adjacent to Refinery. The locations for the Project are: Within existing Refinery premises Contiguous area east side of existing Refinery (after re-siting HPCL Marketing Terminal &

LPG bottling plant).



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One no of Visakhapatnam Port Trust (VPT) leased plot on north of existing Refinery (near HPCL-Additional Tankage Project).

Feed and Product Streams along with their quantities post VRMP are reported in the below Table 1.1

Table 1.1 Details of feed and product post VRMP

1.2 Existing Environmental Status The description of the existing environmental status of the study area is summarized here.

1.2.1 Air Environment: PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, HC (Methane & Non Methane) CO, VOC, Benzene and Benzo (a)pyrene were monitored at six different locations and a summary of the same is given in table 1.2.

Table 1.2 Summary of Baseline data of AAQs

S.No. Environmental parameter

Baseline value (98th percentile)

NAAQS Standards

1 PM10 66- 102 µg/m3 100 µg/m3 2 PM2.5 39- 67 µg/m3 60 µg/m3 3 SO2 9.4- 18.8 µg/m3 80 µg/m3 4 NOX 11.3- 22.7 µg/m3 80 µg/m3 5 CO 0.58- 2.34 mg/m3 2 mg/m3

Stream Quantity (kTPA)

Feed Basrah Light 10800 Bonny Light 3000 Doba 1200 Natural Gas 675 Additive 24 Total Feed 15699 PRODUCT Propylene (Chemical Grade) 104 LPG 606 Naphtha 810 MS- BS IV 1752 MS- BS V 405 ATF 30.5 SKO 693 HSD - BS IV 6650 HSD - BS V 2430 LDO 31 Bitumen 221 SHC Pitch 239 Sulphur 298 Fuel & Loss 1423 TOTAL Products 15699



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S.No. Environmental parameter

Baseline value (98th percentile)

NAAQS Standards

6 HC- Methane 1.66- 2.69 µg/m3 - 7 HC- Non-

methane 0.57- 0.72 µg/m3 -

8 Benzene 1.18- 4.49 µg/m3 5 µg/m3 9 Benzo-pyrene BDL- 0.52 ng/m3 1 ng/m3

10 VOC 25- 66.1 µg/m3 -

Following are the observations: The concentration of PM10 is found to be well within the NAAQS limit of PM10 (100 µg/m3-

24 hourly) at all locations except Gajuwaka (102 µg/m3). This can be attributed to industrial and industrial allied activities, vehicular movements at Gajuwaka.

The concentration of PM2.5 is found to be well within the NAAQS limit of PM2.5 (60 µg/m3-

24 hourly) at all locations except Gajuwaka (67 µg/m3) and RTC bus stand (65 µg/m3). The concentration of SO2 is found to be well within the NAAQS limits (80 µg/m3- 24 hourly)

at all monitoring locations. The concentration of NO2 is found to be well within the NAAQS limits (80 µg/m3- 24 hourly)

at all monitoring locations. The concentration of CO is found to be well within the NAAQS limits (2 mg/m3- 8 hourly)

except at RTC bus stand and Main gate HPCL. The major cause of CO emissions is regular vehicular movements along the roads.

1.2.2 Water Environment:

Ground water Quality Ground water quality is monitored and analyzed for all parameters listed in IS 10500 at three locations.

1. pH values are ranging from 7.2 to 8.0. Hardness values are ranging from 180 to 560 mg/l. Hardness value observed at all locations is well within the permissible limits (600 mg/l).

2. Chlorides concentrations are ranging from 60 to 314 mg/l. Chlorides concentrations observed at all locations is well within the permissible limits (1000 mg/l). It was observed that at all the locations ground water is slightly saline in nature.

3. Sulphate concentrations are ranging from 90 to 230 mg/l. Sulphate concentrations observed at all locations is well within the permissible limits (400 mg/l).

4. Total dissolved solids are observed between 1118 and 1397 mg/l. TDS value observed at all locations is well within the permissible limits (2000 mg/l).

5. All the heavy metal concentrations were found to be well within limits except iron which is exceeding the IS 10500 permissible limits.

Surface water Quality Surface water quality analysis were carried out at three locations, out of which 2 surface

water samples (Mehadrigedda & Inside project site) falls under the B category as per CPCB water quality criteria whereas sample collected at 2 km distance after mixing of HPCL Effluent at rivulet falls under E category.



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1.2.3 Noise Environment: Noise levels during night time (Lnight.) ranges from 40.4 to 48.4 dBA. Noise levels during day

time (Lday.) ranges from 53.4 to 62.6 dBA. The minimum noise levels 40.4 dBA is recorded at Karassa (Residential area) which may be due to rural land use pattern and minimal domestic activities. It is also observed that higher noise levels are recorded during day time at Auto nagar (Industrial area) (62.6 dB (A)). This may be due to industrial activities and regular vehicular movements occurred in the respective area. However, all the values are found to be well within the range as per the Ambient Air Quality Standards in respect of Noise.

1.2.4 Soil Environment: Following are the characteristics noted in the Soil Environment: 1. The texture of the soil is mostly Sandy clay loam. Soil particle size directly involves in

deciding soil texture, porosity and infiltration capacity. 2. The bulk density of the soil is varied from 1.38 to 1.54 g/cc. Its shows the infiltration rate is

medium. 3. The pH of the soils is varied from 7.56 to 8.05 shows basic in nature. 4. The electrical conductivity levels are average and not harmful to germination. 5. The nitrogen levels found to be satisfactory as it ranges 160 to 346 kg/ha.

1.2.5 Biological Environment: The area falling under the 10 km radial distance is surrounded by both aquatic and terrestrial

ecosystems. A total of 350 species of plants (including wild, ornamental and cultivated plants) belonging 80

plant families were documented and identified in the 10 km radial distance from the proposed project sites of the study area.

A total of 72 species of birds, 27 butterfly species belonging to 6 families, 5 species of

amphibians, 17 species of reptiles, 14 mammals and no major wild life were observed and recorded during the present survey in the 10 km radial distance from the proposed project sites.

Greenbelt development under proposed VRMP shall be more than 33% of total VRMP plant

area. The expenditure proposed for green belt development is considered in Environmental Management Plan.

1.2.6 Socio-economic conditions: The study area of Vizag is an industrial base for sectors such as textiles, drugs, chemicals,

pharmaceuticals and agro and food processing industries. The most important sectors are the Chemical industries. The major languages prevalent are Telugu and English with a conglomeration of different cultures like Hindus, Muslims and the Christians.

1.3 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS The environmental impacts associated with the proposed project during construction and

operational phases of the project on various environmental components have been identified and are given in Table 1.3.



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Table 1.3: Impact Identification Matrix

Physical Biological Socio-economic

Activities

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CONSTRUCTION PHASE Site preparation * * Civil works * * * * * Heavy equipment operations

*

Disposal of construction wastes

*

Generation/disposal of sewerage

* *

Transportation of materials * *

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE PHASE Commissioning of Process units, utilities and offsites

* * * * *

*

*

Storage of Products

*

Waste management- liquid and solid waste

* * *

Transportation of products

* *

Impacts have been assessed considering spatial, temporal, intensity and vulnerability scales and its overall significance value is given in Table 1.4

Table 1.4: Impact Assessment Summary

Environmental component Overall Significance Value

Construction Operation Air Low Medium Water Consumption of Raw Water Low Low

Generation of Effluent Low Low Land Land use & Topography Low -

Soil Quality Low Low Noise Low Medium Biological Low Low Socio-Economic Low Low



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1.4 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES 1.4.1 AIR ENVIRONMENT

Construction Phase Impacts (Significance - Low) Dust will be generated from earth-moving, grading and civil works, and movement of

vehicles on unpaved roads. PM, CO, NOx, & SO2 will be generated from operation of diesel sets and diesel engines of

machineries and vehicles. Mitigation Measures Ensuring preventive maintenance of vehicles and equipment. Ensuring vehicles with valid Pollution under Control certificates are used. Implementing dust control activities such as water sprinkling on unpaved sites. Controlling vehicle speed on site

Operation Phase Impacts (Significance - Medium) Emissions from new stacks (max GLCs) and baseline value of AAQ gives the resultant

estimated SO2 concentration as 41.09 g/m3 (within the standard 80 g/m3). Emissions from new stacks (max GLCs) and baseline value of AAQ gives the resultant

estimated NOx concentration as 49.0 g/m3 (within the standard 80 g/m3). Mitigation measures A separate process unit for recovery of sulphur (SRU) will be developed Developing green belt in the area available in existing refinery, ATP and VPT plots. Regular monitoring of air polluting concentrations.

1.4.2 WATER ENVIRONMENT Construction Phase

Impacts (Significance – Low) The effluent streams will be generated regularly that will comprise of Sewage, grey water

from site area and washing water for vehicle and equipment maintenance area. Mitigation Measures Monitoring water usage at work sites to prevent wastage. A new STP as a part of envisaged IETP will be installed for treatment of sanitary waste

water. Operation Phase Impacts (Significance – Low) 18.8 MLD (784 m3/hr) fresh water is required for consumption in various activities of the

proposed project. There shall be ~332 m3/hr of waste water generation from the proposed facilities. Mitigation Measures Installation of rainwater harvesting structures to collect and use rainwater, thereby

reducing abstraction. Proposed IETP shall recycle the treated effluent to achieve zero discharge from refinery.



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1.4.3 NOISE ENVIRONMENT Construction Phase

Impacts (Significance – Low) Noise generation due to operation of heavy equipment and machinery, movement of

heavy vehicles in site preparation and civil works. Mitigation Measures Ensuring preventive maintenance of equipments and vehicles. Ensuring DG sets are provided with acoustic enclosures and exhaust mufflers. Operation Phase Impacts (Significance – Medium) Noise generation due to various rotating equipment viz. Pumps, Compressors & Mixers,

Cooling Tower etc. Mitigation Measures Avoiding continuous (more than 8 hrs) exposure of workers to high noise areas. Provision of ear muffs at the high noise areas Ensuring preventive maintenance of equipment. Ensuring DG sets have acoustic enclosures and exhaust mufflers as per design

1.4.4 LAND ENVIRONMENT Construction Phase

Impacts (Significance – Low) Generation of debris/construction material, but being the modifications limited to existing

area, the generation of such waste shall be minimal.

Mitigation Measures Restricting all construction activities inside the project boundary. Ensuring any material resulting from clearing and grading should not be deposited on

approach roads, streams or ditches, which may hinder the passage and/or natural water drainage.

Developing project specific waste management plan and hazardous material handling plan for the construction phase.

Operation Phase Impacts (Significance – Low) Impact on land environment due to disposal of solid and hazardous waste generated. Mitigation Measures Disposing of hazardous wastes to vendors authorized by the concerned statutory

authorities.

1.4.5 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT Construction Phase Impacts (Significance –Medium) The impact of construction activities on fauna will be insignificant due to proposed

construction activities are within existing refinery/ATP plot. Mitigation Measures: Closing of trenches as soon as possible of construction.



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Prevent littering of work sites with wastes, especially plastic and hazardous waste. Training of drivers to maintain speed limits. Development of green belt during construction phase. Operation Phase Impacts (Significance – Low) The impacts due to proposed project activities during operation phase shall be limited to

long run impact of emissions and traffic movement. Mitigation measures Maintain the greenbelt already developed. Development of green belt during operation phase.

1.4.6 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

Construction Phase Impacts (Significance – Low) Generation of temporary employment of very substantial number of personnel. It can be

observed that the number of personnel needed for the proposed project during the construction phase will be peak of about 2000 – 6000 people per day.

Transport requirements will arise during the construction phase due to the movement of both the personnel and materials.

An impact on basic necessities like shelter, food, water, sanitation and medical facilities for the temporary workers and truck drivers.

The majority of skilled and unskilled laborers are available in the impact area itself, the incremental effect on housing during the construction phase will be minimal.

Mitigation measures Conducting awareness programs for workers. Determining safe, legal load limits of all bridges and roads that will be used by heavy

vehicles and machinery. Determining allowable traffic patterns in the affected area throughout the work week will be

made based on community use, include a consideration of the large turning. Providing prior notice to affected parties when their access will be blocked, even

temporarily. Preventing use of drugs and alcohol in project-sites. Preventing possession of firearms by project-personnel, except those responsible for

security. Operation Phase Impacts (Significance – Low) Employment generation, effects on transport and other basic infrastructure. Transport requirements will arise due to the movement of both the personnel and

materials. Mitigation measures Extending reach of CSR Program. Monitoring speed and route of project-related vehicles.



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1.5 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN AND MONITORING PROGRAM Budget has been estimated for implementation of environmental management plan during construction and operational phases and is given in Table 1.5.

Table 1.5: Budget for Environmental Management Plan

Phase Capital Cost in Lakhs (Rs.)

Recurring Cost in Lakhs per Annum (Rs.)

Construction 1602.5 260.5

Operation 143774.2 360.9

The proposed environmental monitoring program is mentioned in the below Table 1.6a and

Table 1.6b.

Table 1.6a : Environmental Monitoring Program (construction phase)

Sl. No.

Component Location Parameters Frequency

Air Environment 1. Ambient air

quality Monitoring at existing continuous ambient air quality monitoring stations.

Ambient air quality parameters as per NAAQS viz. PM10, PM2.5,SOx, NOx, CO

As per existing practice.

Water Environment 1. Drinking

Water quality

One of the drinking water taps

According to IS:10500 Once in a Month

Land Environment 1. Waste

(including hazardous)

Construction sites Quantity / volume generated and disposed

As per requirement.

Noise Environment 1. Ambient

noise levels Near construction sites

Ambient noise levels (Leq day & Leq night)

Once in a month

Table 1.6b : Environmental Monitoring Program (operation phase)

Sl. No.

Component Details Frequency

Air Environment 1 Stack emission

characteristics Monitoring at all stacks for PM, SOx, NOx and HC

Online analyzers shall be installed as per the existing practices

2. Ambient air quality

Monitoring at existing continuous ambient air quality monitoring stations for PM10, PM2.5,SOx, NOx, VOC and HC

Existing practice will be continued.



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Sl. No.

Component Details Frequency

Water Environment

1. Effluent quality From treated effluent Once in a month Land Environment 1. Waste (including

hazardous) Quantity/ volume generated and disposed at units

As per requirement

Noise Environment 1. Source noise

emissions Noise level monitoring in dB(A) near pumps, compressors, GTGs and DGs installed as part of the proposed project

Once in a month

2. Ambient noise levels

Ambient noise levels (Leq day & Leq night) at units

Once in a month

1.6 ADDITIONAL STUDIES

1.6.1 QUANTATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT

The detailed consequence analysis of release of hydrocarbon in case of major credible scenarios has been modelled in terms of release rate, dispersion, flammability and toxic characteristics, which have been discussed in detail in the report. Risk assessment has been carried out and it is observed that individual risk to general public residing outside the refinery compound wall is well within acceptable zone as per risk criteria.

1.7 PROJECT BENEFITS

The significant positive impact on employment and occupation is envisaged on account: The proposed project will result in the supply of increased volumes of petroleum

products to meet the energy security of the country Generate direct and indirect employment. Improve the social and economic environment in the vicinity and meets the fuel needs

of the state and country. 1.8 PUBLIC HEARING

Based on the directive from Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC)-Industry-2, MoEFCC, HPCL made the draft EIA report and submitted application to Regional Office of Andhra Pradesh Pollution Control Board (APPCB), Visakhapatnam for organizing public hearing. The APPCB Regional Office Visakhapatnam in consultation with Joint Collector & Additional District Magistrate, Visakhapatnam issued an advertisement (24.05.2015) in national and local newspapers (Deccan Chronicle & Andhra Jyothi) for HPCL public hearing. The public hearing was conducted by Andhra Pradesh Pollution Control Board at a Pandal near to M/s HPCL (Visakha Refinery), Opp. to Nausena Baug on 26.06.2015 (11 AM) as per the guidelines given in EIA Notification, 2006 issued vide no. S.O. 1533(E), dated 14th September, 2006 and its amendment vide S.O. 3067(E) dated 1st December 2009. The submissions received from different people were compiled. The minutes of meeting of public hearing has been compiled and being attached as Annexure XIV.



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APPROVED TOR COMPLIANCE STATEMENT



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Sl. No.

Statement Status

1. A separate chapter on status of compliance of Environmental Conditions granted by State/Centre to be provided. As per circular dated 30th May, 2012 issued by MoEF, a certified report by RO, MoEF on status of compliance of conditions on existing unit to be provided in EIA/EMP report.

Certified report of RO-MOEFCC for compliance of environmental conditions issued by MOEFCC is attached as Annexure-I.

2. Executive summary of the project Included. 3. Project Description and Project Benefits Incorporated under Chapter-2 and Chapter-7,

respectively. 4. A separate chapter on environmental

clearance accorded for all the existing plants along with point-wise compliance report.

Certified report of RO-MOEFCC for compliance of environmental conditions issued by MOEFCC is attached as Annexure-I.

5. A short 3D Video presenting the videos and infrastructure installed/added with every EC obtained for the refinery and also presented in tabular form.

A layout indicating the existing and proposed units is included in Chapter-2.

6. Land Details. The total land required for proposed VRMP Plant area is ~ 167.5 acre. Out of which ~122.8 acre falls inside Refinery premises & adjacent LPG Bottling plant area and ~44.7 acres falls in ATP plot (including VPT plot-III). Hence proposed VRMP is coming inside existing boundaries of Refinery and leased VPT plots. No additional land is required. Overall layout plan is attached in Chapter-2.

7. Point-wise compliance report to the ‘Consent to Establish’ ‘Consent to operate’ and Authorization accorded by AP Pollution Control Board for all the existing units along with all the necessary annexure.

Compliance report of CTE/CFOs issued by APPCB is given in Annexure-II.

8. Existing data for the last 2 years for all the relevant parameters should be included.

Presently 3 Nos. Continuous Ambient Air Quality Monitoring stations are set-up within existing refinery and various parameters namely PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOX, HC, CO, Noise, Wind Speed, Wind Direction, Temperature, Relative Humidity etc. are monitored. Compendium of the same is given in Annexure-III.

9. Site details including satellite imagery for 5 km around the site.

Thematic maps in terms of agricultural, Land use, Land cover, transportation and waterbodies based on satellite imagery are given in Annexure-IV.

10. A list of industries within 10 km radius of the project.

A list of industries is given in Annexure-V.

11. Details of facilities along with utilities to be provided for the proposed project.

Incorporated under Sections 2.2 and 2.3 in Chapter-2.

12. Manufacturing process details along with the Incorporated under Sections 2.2 and 2.3 in



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chemical reactions and process flow diagram.

Chapter-2.

13. List of products along with the production capacities and list of solvents and its recovery plan.

Incorporated under Sec-2.2,2.3 and Tables - 2.20, 2.21 &2.22 in Chapter-2.

14. Detailed list of raw material required and source, mode of storage and transportation.

Incorporated under section 2.6 and 2.7 in Chapter-2

15. Details of the storage and technical specifications with safety aspects & standards.

Details are given in Tables - 2.20, 2.21 and 2.22 in chapter-2

16. Is there additional storage required for the proposed products mix.

Details are given in Tables - 2.20, 2.21 and 2.22 in chapter-2

17. Proposal for safety buffer zone around the proposed site with map.

Layout of proposed units is developed considering safe distances and clearances as per OISD/PESO norms. Overall plot plan is given in Chapter-2. Moreover, IR contours of 10-6/10-7/10-8 fatalities/avg. year (Acceptable zone for general public as per Risk criteria) does not reach any general public area.

18. Details indicating National Park/Wild life Sanctuary/Eco sensitive area/reserve forest within 10 Km.

There are no wildlife/bird sanctuaries/national parks/ biospheres in 10-km radius from Visakha Refinery site.

19. Land use along with maps & cropping pattern, vegetation, ecology, flora & fauna

Thematic maps in terms of agricultural, Land use, Land cover, transportation and water bodies based on satellite imagery are given in Annexure-IV.

20. Demography & socio-economics of the area Details of demography & socio-economics as per census 2011 within study area of 10 km radius are given in section 3.5 in Chapter-3.

21. Baseline data collection for air, water and soil for the period of 3 months (except monsoon season) for : i. Ambient air quality monitoring for PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NOx, CO. ii. Background levels of hydrocarbons (methane & non-methane HC) and VOCs. iii. Soil sample analysis. iv. Base line underground and surface water quality in the vicinity of project. v. Climatology & meteorology including wind speed, wind direction, temperature, rainfall etc. vi. Measurement of noise levels.

Baseline environmental data in terms of meteorology/air, noise, water, and soil are given in sections 3.1, 3.2 3.3 & 3.4 respectively in Chapter-3.

22. Give existing status of stack emission, raw water requirement, treated effluent quantity & quality data, noise pollution and solid waste management in the existing units.

Details of air emissions from the existing refinery are given in Table 4.6 in Chapter-4. Details of raw water requirement from the existing refinery are given in Table 2.6 in Chapter-2. Details of waste water generation from the existing refinery are given in Table 2.12 in



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Chapter-2.

23. Action plan to achieve smokeless flare should be included

Steam injection facility to maintain adequate steam to fuel ratio is provisioned in both existing and new flares. Refer Section 2.7.4 for details.

24. Details of Sulphur balance in the existing refinery unit. Additional SO2 emissions due to the proposed product mix.

The total SO2 emissions during pre and post VRMP will remain same as 11.5 TPD (consented limit). The detailed emissions from each of the stack during pre and post VRMP scenario is given in Table 4.6, 4.7 & 4.8 in Chapter-4. There will be no additional SO2 emissions during post VRMP. Detailed Sulphur balance and SOx balance are given in Table 2.9 and 2.10.

25. Unit-wise air pollution control devices to be installed.

Low NOx burners are provisioned in all furnaces.

26. Details of water consumption and source of water supply, waste water generation, treatment and utilization of treated water generated from the facilities and effluent disposal and measures for release of effluent in case of fire. Water balance chart of the existing unit & after proposed expansion.

Details of raw water requirement for post VRMP is given in Table 2.11 in Chapter-2. Details of waste water generation for post VRMP in terms of quantity is given in Table 2.12, 2.13, and 2.14 in Chapter-2. Details of waste water generation from VRMP in terms of quality are given in Table 2.16 in Chapter-2. Release of effluent in case of fire will be routed to ETP through CRW, which will be treated before disposal. Water balance chart of VRMP and post VRMP scenarios is given in Figures 2.8 & 2.9 in Chapter-2.

27. Details of existing and proposed effluent treatment plant along with water quality of inlet and outlet of ETP

Presently ETP I, II, III, IV and CRW ETP are in operation. Details of the same are given in section 2.5.2 in Chapter-2. Details of integrated effluent treatment for post VRMP after combining all ETPs into single IETP is given in 8.3.1.3 in Chapter -8.

28. Action plan to reduce wastewater discharge from the all existing units.

Presently installation of additional water flow meters at relevant locations is planned to monitor and manage water consumption and reduce waste water generation. Details of waste water generation from the existing refinery are given in Table 2.12 in Chapter-2.

29. Detailed solid waste generation, collection, segregation, its recycling and reuse, treatment and disposal

Details of ETP Sludge’s, General Solid Wastes, Tank Bottoms and Chemicals are given in section 2.5.3 in Chapter-2.



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30. Note on compliance to the recommendations mentioned in the CREP for oil refineries and petrochemical industries

A note on compliance to the recommendations mentioned in CREP for oil Refineries is given in Annexure-VI.

31. A note on implementation of new refinery standards for refineries.

Incorporated under Annexure-XVII.

32. Quantification of oil sludge generation from the existing and proposed refinery including management of the oil sludge in the existing refinery. Details of temporary storage for the oil sludge.

Details of ETP oily Sludge and Tank Bottom sludge is given in section 2.5.3 in Chapter-2.

33. Details of catalyst waste generated from the refinery along with temporary storage facility at site. Action plan for disposal of the catalyst solid waste.

Details of Catalysts and Chemicals and its waste management plan is given in section 2.5.3 in Chapter-2.

34. Status of existing secured landfill sites. Design details as well as ground water monitoring around the project site.

Presently, the solid and hazardous waste is given to CPCB authorized TSDF site namely Hyderabad Waste Management Project. The additional solid and hazardous waste will also be given to the same agency.

35. Details of membership of TSDF for hazardous waste disposal.

The membership certificate of TSDF agency is given in Annexure-VII.

36. Assessment of impact on air, water, soil, solid/hazardous waste and noise levels

Various impacts during construction and operation phase are identified and are given in Table 4.4 in Chapter-4. Assessment of these impacts on various components of environment are given as follows: Air Environment: Tables 4.5 & 4.12 Water Environment: Tables: 4.13, 4.14, 4.15 & 4.16 Noise Environment: Table 4.18 & 4.19 Land Environment: Tables 4.20, 4.21 & 4.22 Biological Environment: Tables 4.23 & 4.24 Socio-economic Environment: Tables 4.25 & 4.26 Overall significance Values of these impacts for both construction and operation phases were found ranging between low to medium and the summary is given in Table 4.27 in Chapter-4.

37. List of hazardous chemicals (as per MSIHC rule) with toxicity levels.

List of hazardous chemicals is given in Annexure-VIII.

38. Details of proposed preventive measures for leakages and accident.

Refer section-1.2.2 of executive Summary of Quantitative Risk Assessment Report which is attached as a separate document.

39. Details of Vapour Recovery System. No new crude storage tanks are envisaged in VRMP. Hence Vapour Recovery System is not envisaged under VRMP.

40. Earmarking of area for parking of Lorries at Existing parking area near marketing terminal



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a remote location to avoid congestion. which is located outside the refinery premises is adequate for additional requirement of trucks.

41. Traffic management with adequate width of approach road to avoid congestion and to have safe exit in emergencies.

Existing parking area near marketing terminal which is located outside the refinery premises is adequate for additional requirement of trucks. The existing approach road is with adequate width and presently no congestion is recorded. Desired details are covered in section-8.3.2.4 in chapter-8.

42. Type of seismic zone. Visakh Refinery comes under Zone-II (Low Risk Zone). Seismic Zonal map is given in Annexure-IX.

43. Full Quantitative Risk Assessment & Disaster Management Plan should include: a. Identification of hazards b. Consequence Analysis c. Determination of Individual Risk and Societal Risk d. List of last Major Refinery Incidents Globally in last 10 years e. Proposed measures for risk reduction.

Quantitative Risk Assessment Report is attached as a separate document.

44. Occupational health: a) Details of existing Occupational & Safety Hazards. What are the exposure levels of above mentioned hazards and whether they are within Permissible Exposure level (PEL). If these are not within PEL, what measures the company has adopted to keep them within PEL so that health of the workers can be preserved. b) Details of exposure specific health status evaluation of worker. If the workers’ health is being evaluated by pre designed format, chest x rays, Audiometry, Spirometry, Vision testing (Far & Near vision, colour vision and any other ocular defect) ECG, during pre placement and periodical examinations give the details of the same. Details regarding last month analyzed data of abovementioned parameters as per age, sex, duration of exposure and department wise. c) Annual report of heath status of workers with special reference to Occupational Health and Safety. d) Plan and fund allocation to ensure the occupational health & safety of all contracts and sub-contract workers.

Details of occupational health management system adopted in Visakha Refinery is given in Annexure X.

45. Details including existing green belt Approx. 37 acre has been allocated for



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developed. Action plan for development of green belt in 33%.

greenbelt development within existing refinery & ATP, VPT 3 Plots. Another 30 acre has been earmarked at VPT plot 1 area near to Vizag airport. This will result into approximately 40% of project area under green belt. Detailed action plan in terms of species, phase wise development plan etc is given in section 8.3.2.6 in Chapter-8.

46. Total capital cost and recurring cost/annum for Environmental pollution control measures. Break up details should also be included.

A budget towards EMP capital and recurring cost during construction phase is considered as Rs. 1602.5 Lakhs and 260.5 Lakhs respectively. A budget towards EMP capital and recurring cost during operation phase is considered as Rs. 143774.2 Lakhs and 360.9 Lakhs respectively. Details of break-up of the budget are given in Tables 8.8 & 8.9 in Chapter-8.

47. At least 5% of the total cost of the project should be earmarked towards the social enterprise commitment based on public hearing issues and item wise details along with the time bound action plan should be prepared and incorporated.

All PSU’s of MoPNG undertake social developmental activities under the Head of CSR. HPCL is committed to continue its commitment in future also. The required details are already incorporated under CSR part in chapter-8 in section-8.2.

48. Detailed Environment management Plan (EMP) with specific reference to details of air pollution control system, water & wastewater management, monitoring frequency, responsibility and time bound implementation plan for mitigation measure should be provided.

Detailed EMP for both construction and operation phases and time bound implementation plan is given in Chapter-8.

49. Environmental monitoring programme including online stack monitoring system as well as continuous ambient air quality monitoring system. Method/System to be adopted to ensure correct calibration of automatic monitoring system.

Environmental Monitoring Plan for various components of environment is identified and given in Chapter-5.

50. Details of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) including sufficient budgetary provision for health improvement, education, water and electricity supply etc. in and around the project.

Details of CSR activities plan is given in Chapter-8.

51. Corporate Environmental Responsibility (a) Does the company have a well laid

down Environment Policy approved by its Board of Directors? If so, it may be detailed in the EIA report.

(b) Does the Environmental Policy

Details of Corporate Environmental Responsibility (CER) indicating various elements of policy are given in Annexure-XI.



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prescribe for standard operating process/procedures to bring into focus any infringement / deviation / violation of the environmental or forest norms / conditions? If so, it may be detailed in the EIA report.

(c) What is the hierarchical system or Administrative order of the company to deal with the environmental issues and for ensuring compliance with the EC conditions. Details of this system may be given.

(d) Does the company have a system of reporting of non compliance / violations of environmental norms to the Board of Directors of the company and / or shareholders or stakeholders at large? This reporting mechanism should be detailed in the EIA report.

52. Any litigation pending against the project and /or any direction /order passed by any Court of Law against the project, if so, details thereof.

No litigation is pending against the project in any court of Law.

53. Public hearing issues raised and commitments made by the project proponent on the same should be included separately in EIA/EMP Report in the form of tabular chart with financial budget for complying with the commitments made.

Public hearing compliance report is incorporated in section 6.1 of Chapter 6 and attached as Annexure XVIII of EIA report.

54. A tabular chart indicating point-wise compliance of the TOR.

Compliance of TOR is attached as part of EIA Report.

55. The layout of the expansion plant should be such that major consequences of any accidental release are contained within the plant boundary.

Layout of proposed units is developed considering safe distances and clearances as per OISD/PESO norms. Overall plot plan is given in Chapter-2. Proposed units are located in a manner such that individual risk contours of ALARP region are contained within the Refinery boundaries. Quantitative Risk Assessment Report is attached as a separate document.

56. The SO2 emissions after expansion should not increase from the existing stipulation of 11MTPA.

The total SO2 emissions during pre and post VRMP will remain same as 11.5 TPD (consented limit). The detailed emissions from each of the stack during pre and post VRMP scenario is given in Table 4.6,4.7 & 4.8 in Chapter-4. There will be no additional SO2 emissions during post VRMP.


1Document No.

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CHAPTER – 1

INTRODUCTION



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1.0 INTROUCTION

Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited (HPCL) is a Government of India

Enterprise with a Navratna Status and a Forbes 2000 and Global Fortune 500 company. It

had originally been incorporated as a company under the Indian Companies Act 1913. It is

listed on the Bombay Stock exchange (BSE) and National Stock Exchange (NSE), India. It

operates 2 major refineries producing a wide variety of petroleum fuels & specialties, one

in Mumbai (West Coast) of 6.5 Million Metric Tonne Per Annum (MMTPA) capacity and

the other in Visakhapatnam, (East Coast) with a capacity of 8.33 MMTPA. In addition,

HPCL has constructed a 9 MMTPA refinery at Bathinda, in Punjab, with Mittal Energy

Investments Pvt. Ltd., as a Joint venture.

HPCL has an annual sales/income from operations of Rs 2,32,188 Crores (US$ 38.75

Billions) during FY 2013-14, having about 20% Marketing share in India among PSUs and

a strong market infrastructure. HPCL's Crude thru put and Market Sales (including

exports) are 15.51 Million Metric Tonnes (MMT) and 30.96 MMT respectively in the same

period. HPCL holds an equity stake of 16.95% in Mangalore Refinery & Petrochemicals

Limited, a state-of-the-art refinery at Mangalore with a capacity of 15 MMTPA.

HPCL's vast marketing network consists of 13 Zonal offices in major cities and 101

Regional Offices facilitated by a Supply & Distribution infrastructure comprising Terminals,

Pipeline networks, Aviation Service Stations, LPG Bottling Plants, Inland Relay Depots &

Retail Outlets, Lube and LPG Distributorships.

Presently, HPCL intends to further enhance its Visakha Refinery capacity up to 15

MMTPA under Visakha Refinery Modernization Project (VRMP). Ministry of

Environment, Forests and Climate Change (MOEFCC) accorded approval for Terms of

reference (TOR) for this project during its 20th Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC)

meeting held during 23rd June 2014 to 24th June 2014. HPCL entrusted the task of

carrying out EIA study to Engineers India Limited (EIL). EIL is an accredited agency

(Accreditation No.- 43/2014) for carrying out EIA studies for petroleum refineries by

Quality Council of India (QCI).

1.1 VISAKH REFINERY MODERNIZATION PROJECT (VRMP)

In view of the projected demand growth of petroleum products in the country and also to

retain its profitability and competitiveness in the long run, HPCL has envisaged at





PROJECT OF M/S HPCL

options to upgrade/ modernize the Visakh refinery along with capacity enhancement upto

15 MMTPA. VRMP includes facilities for residue upgradation and quality improvement of

MS & HSD.

As a part of VRMP, the following facilities will be developed alongwith associated facilities:

a. A new CDU of 9.0 MMTPA in lieu of one existing CDU (New configuration : new

CDU-IV of 9 MMTPA and existing 2 CDU’s of total 6 MMTPA).

b. A new Slurry Hydrocracker Unit (SHCU) of 2.5 MMTPA

c. A new Solvent Deasphalting unit (SDA) of 3.1 MMTPA

d. A new Full Conversion Hydrocracker Unit (HCU) of 3.3 MMTPA

e. A new Isomerization Unit (ISOM) of 292 KTPA

f. A new Propylene recovery unit (PRU) of 96 TPD

g. Revamp of Diesel Hydro Treater (DHT) unit to achieve an improvement in

capacity upto 2.64 MMTPA (20% increase)

h. Revamp of Continuous Catalytic Cracker (CCR) unit.

i. Revamp of Naphtha Hydro Treating Unit (NHT)

Provision for Alkylation unit (200 KTPA) is considered at the time of

implementation of BS-V Norms for MS. Revamp of existing NHT and CCR has

been considered approx 30%.

1.2 SCOPE OF THE EIA STUDY

As per the Recommendation of the Reconstituted Expert Appraisal Committee

(Industry) in its meetings held during 19th - 20th December 2013 and 29th - 30th April 2014,

a Sub-committee of EAC Members along with Representatives from MoEFCC visited the

HPCL Visakha Refinery to assess the pollution control measures being adopted in the

existing Refinery. Further to that, MoEFCC provided Terms of Reference (TOR) for this

expansion project during its 20th meeting held during 23rd June 2014 to 24th June 2014.

A copy of TOR is attached as Annexure-XII in this report. The EIA report is prepared in

accordance with the approved TOR and a compliance statement for same is also provided

in this EIA report.The objectives of prescribed TOR for preparation of EIA study are as

follows:





PROJECT OF M/S HPCL

Establish environmental setting of the refinery in terms of site details, project

description, products, its storage, existing pollution control devices/measures,

emission summary, hazardous waste/chemicals management etc.

Identification of impacts due to the proposed project.

Establish existing environmental status for winter season for meteorology, air

quality, water quality, noise, soil, and Socio-economic aspects.

Prediction and evaluation of the environmental impacts that may result from

project development.

Outline the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) to mitigate the negative

impacts, if any.

Indicating status of compliance of Environmental Conditions granted by

State/Centre including ‘Consent to Establish’, ‘Consent to operate’ and Authorization

accorded by AP Pollution Control Board for all the existing unit.

Indicating compliance to the recommendations mentioned in the CREP for oil

refineries and petrochemical industries and implementation of new refinery

standards for refineries.

1.3 FRAME WORK OF ASSESSMENT

Based on the scope of work, guidelines generally followed for EIA studies and past

experience of EIL on such industrial projects, a corridor encompassing of area within 10

km radius of proposed project location is considered as spatial frame for the impact

assessment. Temporal frame of assessment has been chosen to reflect the impacts in

two distinct phases of the project as:

a) Construction phase, and

b) Operation Phase

Time frame and the type of impacts will be different for these phases of the project.

1.4 METHODOLOGY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

The methodology adopted for carrying out the Environmental Impact Assessment for the

proposed expansion project is based on the Guidelines issued by Ministry of Environment,

Forest and Climate Change (MOEFCC) and EIL's past experience of similar jobs. An

effective environmental assessment calls for establishing sufficient background data on

various environmental components through reconnaissance survey, sampling and

available literature survey etc.





PROJECT OF M/S HPCL

The methodology adopted in preparing this EIA report is outlined in the following sections:

1.4.1 PROJECT SETTING AND DESCRIPTION

In this section, Environmental setting of the existing refinery and details of proposed

facilities will be defined. The description also gives details of effluents

(gaseous/liquid/solid/noise) generation sources. A coverage on environmental setting of

the existing refinery in terms of site details, project description, products, its storage,

existing pollution control devices/measures, emission summary, hazardous waste /

chemicals management, etc. will be described.

1.4.2 IDENTIFICATION OF IMPACTS

In order to identify the impacts comprehensively, all the activities associated with the

proposed project during the construction as well as operational phase are identified and

listed. The environmental impacts associated with the proposed project on various

environmental components such as air, water, noise, soil, flora, fauna, land,

socioeconomic, etc. has been identified using Impact Identification Matrix.

1.4.3 BASELINE DATA COLLECTION

Once the affected environmental parameters are identified, various environmental

parameters of concern are identified to establish its baseline quality. M/s Pragathi Labs

Consultants and Private Limited, Hyderabad (A MoEFCC recognized Laboratory)

was entrusted for carrying out environmental baseline data collection during October

2014–January 2015. Data thus collected has been utilized here to establish baseline

quality of various environmental parameters.

1.4.4 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT PREDICTION & EVALUATION

In this part of the report, the sources of emissions (Gaseous, Liquid, Solid, Noise) due to

the proposed activities will be identified and based on their emission loads their impacts

are to be predicted. Such predictions are then superimposed on baseline quality

(wherever there is an additional impact) and quantitative/qualitative assessments have

been made for the impacts and synergistic impact is evaluated using the matrix method.





PROJECT OF M/S HPCL

The resultant matrix attempts to give an objective assessment to identify the mitigation

measures needed for abatement of various impacts.

1.4.5 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP)

In order to mitigate or minimise the negative impacts (if any) of the proposed project, an

effective EMP is delineated. Therefore, in the final part of the report, the planning and

implementation of various pollution abatement strategies including the proposed

monitoring/surveillance network has been described. Detailed Environment Management

Plan (EMP) with specific reference to details of air pollution control system, water &

wastewater management, monitoring frequency, responsibility and time bound

implementation plan for mitigation measure is formulated.

1.5 CONTENTS OF THE EIA REPORT

An “Executive Summary” indicating a brief note on various chapters of EIA/QRA is

prepared which provides a statement on various environmental issues. Further, the

contents and its coverage are explained below:

Chapter-1: Introduction

This chapter provides background information of the proposed refinery expansion, scope,

frame work & methodology of the study.

Chapter-2: Project Description

This chapter presents the details of the proposed project in terms of location, project

configuration of existing and VRMP, utilities & offsites, description of the resources

required and emissions, solid waste and wastewater anticipated to be generated.

Chapter-3: Description of Environment

This chapter describes the existing baseline status of environment components collected

in a pre-defined study area based on primary and secondary data collection.





PROJECT OF M/S HPCL

Chapter-4: Anticipated Environment Impacts and Mitigation Measures

This chapter describes the potential impacts of the proposed project and evaluates their

significance based on parameters such as Intensity (I), Spatial extension (Sp), Temporal

duration (T) and Environmental Vulnerability (V). Wherever applicable, mathematical

models were used to quantify the intensity and spatial extension of the impacts. Impact

avoidance and mitigation measures are delineated.

Chapter-5: Environment Monitoring Programme

This chapter describes the details of the monitoring schedule to be implemented for

checking the effectiveness of mitigation measures. It covers the parameters and its,

frequency.

Chapter-6: Additional Studies (Quantitative Risk Assessment-QRA)

This chapter assesses the potential risks involved in the construction and operation of

proposed facilities from this project and also provide broad guidelines for updating existing

Disaster Management Plan (DMP) of Visakha Refinery.

Chapter-7: Project Benefits

This chapter presents the details of direct and indirect benefits due to proposed project.

Chapter-8: Environment Management Plan (EMP)

This chapter describes the existing environmental management system, existing CSR,

impact analysis & mitigation measures for various components of environment. It also

includes organizational structure and resources planned for implementing the mitigation

measures and monitoring schedule.

Chapter-9: Analysis of Alternatives Sites

This chapter indicates the justification for selection of VRMP project sites within existing

refinery.





PROJECT OF M/S HPCL

Chapter-10: Environment Cost Benefit Analysis

This chapter contains the analysis of cost versus benefits with specific reference to

Environment Management issues.

Chapter-11: Summary and Conclusions

This chapter summarizes the conclusions, management of release of pollutants, greenbelt

development plan and CSR.

Chapter-12: Disclosure of Consultants

This chapter contains the details of various functional areas in which the consultant is

expertise as per Quality Council of India (QCI) to conduct Environment Impact

Assessment (EIA) studies as per the MoEFCC Guidelines.



PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



CHAPTER – 2

PROJECT DETAILS



PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



2.0 INTRODUCTION

This chapter describes the details of proposed project configuration, process

description, utilities, environmental setting of the project etc.

2.1 PROJECT LOCATION

The Visakh Refinery Modernization Project (VRMP) is expansion of HPCL’s Visakh

Refinery from existing 8.33 MMTPA to 15 MMTPA, located at Visakhapatnam in the

state of Andhra Pradesh, India. The Refinery was commissioned in 1957 with crude oil

processing capacity of 0.65 Million Metric Tons Per Annum (MMTPA). The

geographical location map of Visakhapatnam is shown in Figure 2.1. The study area of

10 km radius around the existing area is superimposed on toposheet and is shown in

Figure 2.2. The site is located approximately at latitude 17041’41.51” N and longitude

of 83014’52.42” E. A perspective view of the existing refinery and storage tanks is

separately shown in Figure 2.3.

The new units are proposed to be located within Refinery and plot area available

adjacent to Refinery. The locations for the Project are:

Within existing Refinery premises

Contiguous area east side of existing Refinery (after re-siting HPCL Marketing

Terminal & LPG bottling plant).

One no of Visakhapatnam Port Trust (VPT) leased plot on north of existing

Refinery (near HPCL-Additional Tankage Project).

The outlay of the proposed project will be mostly located within the existing refinery at

Visakhapatnam. The location of the project has been identified within the overall plot

plan of HPCL Visakhapatnam Refinery. It is shown in Figures 2.4 , 2.5 and 2.6.



PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



Figure 2.1 : Geographical Map

VISAKH



PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



Figure 2.2: Project Location

VISAKH REFINERY





PROJECT OF M/S HPCL

Figure 2.3: Perspective view of Visakh refinery and associated facilities





PROJECT OF M/S HPCL

Figure 2.4 : Plot Plan of HPCL refinery, post VRMP (A0 Size plot plan is attached separately with this EIA report)





PROJECT OF M/S HPCL

Figure 2.5 : Plot Plan of HPCL ATP area, post VRMP (A0 Size plot plan is attached separately with this EIA report)





PROJECT OF M/S HPCL

Figure 2.6 : Plot Plan of HPCL VPT-I plot post VRMP indicating green belt details (A0 Size plot plan is attached separately with this EIA report)



PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



The environmental setting of the project is given in Table 2.1. The site is well

connected by road network, rail network, airport and port. The thematic map of

transport network within study area of 10 km radius is given in Annexure IV.

Table 2.1 : Environmental Setting of the project

Sr.

No. Particulars Details

1 Latitude 17041’41.51” N

2 Longitude 83014’52.42” E

3 Nearest village Malkapuram

4 Nearest transportation

Railway Junction: 6.5 km

Port: 3 km

Airport: 5 km

4 Archaeologically important

places None (within 10-km radius)

5 National Park / Wildlife

Sanctuary None (within 10 KM radius)

6 Reserved/Protected Forests None (within 10 KM radius)

7 Defense Installations

Eastern Naval Command (ENC)

ENC facilities approx. 1 km from the existing

refinery complex, approx. 4 km from VPT

leased land.



PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



2.2 EXISTING FACILITIES AT REFINERY

The Visakh Refinery of HPCL is one of the most integrated refineries with three crude

distillation units, MS Block (NHT-ISOM-CCR-FCC NHT), Diesel Hydro desulphurization

unit, two Fluidized Catalytic Cracking units, Diesel Hydrotreating Unit, Visbreaker Unit,

Bitumen Blowing unit and Propylene Recovery unit. Flow diagram of refinery

configuration is shown in Figure 2.7.The existing refinery configuration is as follows:

Figure 2.7 : Existing refinery configuration

The capacities of the existing units are given below in Table 2.2:

Table 2.2 Existing Unit Capacities

SR NO UNIT CAPACITY

1 CDU/VDU I 8.33 MMTPA

2 CDU/VDU II

3 CDU/VDU III

4 PRU 216 TPD

5 NHT 1.154 MMTPA

6 Isomerisation Unit 0.229 MMTPA

7 CCR 0.769 MMTPA

8 Prime G (FCC NHT) 0.89 MMTPA

9 DHDS 2.43 MMTPA

10 DHDT 2.2 MMTPA

11 FCC UNIT-I 1.187 MMTPA



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SR NO UNIT CAPACITY

12 FCC UNIT-II 0.967 MMTPA

13 Bitumen Blowing Unit 0.225 MMTPA

14 Visbreaker unit 1.0 MMTPA

15 Sulphur Recovery Unit (300 + 3*65) TPD

16 Hydrogen Regeneration Unit (49+108) TPD

17 SR LPG Treating Unit 360 TPD

18 CR LPG Treating Unit 1482 TPD

19 ATF MEROX 40 M3/HR

2.3 PROJECT CONFIGURATION FOR VRMP

The capacities of various process units, auxiliary and revamp units for post VRMP

scenario is given in Table 2.3. The total capital cost of the project is estimated as

Rs. 18412.24 Crores.

Table 2.3: VRMP Unit Capacities

A. Main Processing Unit CAPACITY

1 CDU / VDU MMTPA 9

2 Naphtha Isomerisation Unit KTPA 292

3 Full Conversion HCU MMTPA 3.3

4 Solvent De-asphalting MMTPA 3.1

5 Slurry Hydrocracker Unit MMTPA 2.5

6 PRU TPD 96

B. Auxiliary Units

1 Hydrogen Generation Unit KTPA 2 X 113

2 Fuel Gas PSA KTPA 36

2 Sulfur Recovery Unit TPD 2 X 360

3 SWS-I TPH 300

4 SWS-II TPH 185

5 ARU TPH 2 X 540

6 SR LPG Treater TPA 112000

C. Existing Units Requiring Revamp

1. NHT (Existing capacity= 1.154 MMTPA):30% Revamp MMTPA 0.346



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2. CCR/CCR PSA (Existing capacity = 0.769 MMTPA):20% Revamp MMTPA 0.154

3. DHDT (Existing capacity = 2.2 MMTPA): 20% Revamp MMTPA 0.44

Provision for Alkylation unit (200 kTPA) is considered at the time of implementation of

BS-V Norms for MS. The material balance/product yield for the selected configuration

along with base case is given in Table- 2.4 below.

Table 2.4 : Material Balance /Product Yield

Stream Base Case (MMTPA)

Post VRMP (MMTPA)

FEED

Qua Iboe 2778 -

Murban 1500 -

Mumbai High 556 -

Arab Extra Light 1500 -

Basrah Light 2000 10800

Bonny Light - 3000

Doba - 1200

Natural Gas - 675

Additive - 24

Total Feed 8333 15699

PRODUCT

Propylene (Chemical Grade) 72 104

LPG 381 606

Naphtha 0 810

MS- BS III 1306 0

MS- BS IV 354 1752

MS- BS V 0 405

Total Light Distillates 2113 3677

Light Distillates % 25.4 23.4

ATF 67 30.5

SKO 174 693

Diesel-BS III 3875 0

HSD - BS IV 0 6650

HSD - BS V 0 2430

High Flash Diesel 0 0

LDO 111 31

Total Middle Distillates 4227 9835

Middle Distillates % 50.7 62.7



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A brief process description along with a flow schematic for each of the new process units

envisaged as part of the refinery configurations is given in subsequent paragraphs.

CRUDE DISTILLATION UNIT (CDU):

CDU comprises of Atmospheric Distillation unit (ADU) and vacuum distillation unit

(VDU). ADU is the primary crude processing unit of the refinery for producing distillate

products like LPG, Naphtha, ATF, Kerosene and Diesel. The unit consists of desalter, an

Atmospheric distillation section and Naphtha Stabilizer followed by Naphtha caustic

wash. Vacuum Distillation Unit (VDU) processes Reduced Crude Oil (RCO) from CDU to

produce Vacuum Gas Oil. The schematic flow diagram for CDU unit is shown in

Appendix-1 at the end of Chapter-2.

FULL CONVERSION HYDROCRACKER UNIT:

This unit comprises of two stage reactors with recycle. In this configuration, the first

stage partially converts the feed blend to diesel and lighter products that are distilled off

before the remaining unconverted oil is sent to a second reaction stage. The second

stage operates in the absence of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide, i.e., a 'clean'

environment. The second stage operates at lower temperatures, which greatly favours

aromatic saturation and reduces hydro-cracking to light-ends and naphtha, resulting in

improved selectivity towards middle distillates and better product qualities Hydro

cracking involves exothermic cracking and saturation reactions that result in a large heat

release, which increases the temperature of the reactants. In order to control this

temperature rise, the catalyst is separated into various beds so that recycle gas may be

introduced between beds to quench the reacting fluids. Reactor internals between the

catalyst beds are designed to ensure thorough mixing of the reactants with the quench

gas and good distribution of the vapor and liquid flowing down to the next bed. Products

Fuel Oil 1081 0

Bitumen 220 221

LSHS 139 0

SHC Pitch 0 239

Sulphur 29 298

Total Heavy Distillates 1469 758

Heavy Distillates % 17.6 4.8

Fuel & Loss 524 1423

Fuel & Loss % 6.3 9.1

TOTAL Products 8333 15699



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coming out of this section are: Light Naphtha, Heavy Naphtha, Kerosene, and Diesel.

The schematic flow diagram for this unit is shown in Appendix-2 & 3 at the end of

Chapter-2.

SLURRY HYDROCRACKING UNIT:

SHCU processes vacuum residue and other heavy residue feedstock into higher-valued

distillable products. The configuration of a Slurry Hydrocracking process is very similar

to that of a conventional hydrocracking process, consisting of a reaction section, a

separation section (to recover liquid and gaseous reaction products), and a fractionation

section to separate its product into the various boiling range fractions required by a

refiner. The schematic flow diagram for this unit is shown in Appendix-4 at the end of

Chapter-2.

SOLVENT DEASPHALTING UNIT

SDU produces de-asphalted oil (bright stock) from vacuum residues for further

processing in downstream units (HCU/FCC). Feed stock is cooled to extraction

temperature and counter currently treated with propane (as solvent) in an extraction

tower. Steam coils near the top of the extractor control the temperature gradient, thus

providing reflux and maximum selectivity of separation. De-asphalted oil containing most

of alkanes is withdrawn from the top. The major portion of the solvent is evaporated from

the oil under pressure and remaining solvent is steam stripped off the oil under vacuum.

The asphalt from the bottom of the extraction tower is heated under pressure to recover

the solvent and then steam stripped for removal of solvent traces. After recovering the

solvent from the asphalt it is sent to the slurry hydrocracker unit for further processing.

The schematic flow diagram for this unit is shown in Appendix-5 at the end of

Chapter-2.

ISOMERISATION UNIT

In Isomerisation unit, the fresh C5 /C6 feed is combined with make-up and re-cycle

hydrogen which is directed to a charge heater, where the reactants are heated to

reaction temperature. The heated combined feed is then sent to the reactor. Either one

or two reactors can be used in series, depending on the specific application. The reactor

effluent is cooled and sent to a product separator where the recycle hydrogen is

separated from the other products. Recovered recycle hydrogen is directed to the

recycle compressor and back to the reactor section. Liquid product is sent to a stabilizer



PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



column where light ends and any dissolved hydrogen are removed. The stabilized

isomerate product can be sent directly to gasoline blending. The schematic flow diagram

for this unit is shown in Appendix-6 at the end of Chapter-2.

PROPYLENE RECOVERY UNIT (Chemical Grade)

Cracked LPG is obtained from the two operating Fluid Catalytic Cracking Units (FCCU)

in the refinery. This is treated in the Cracked LPG treater before being routed to PRU for

recovery of propylene. The treated LPG stream is then routed to the Feed surge drum

through the feed booster pump. Cracked LPG from the feed surge drum is pumped by

feed pumps to the C3-C4 splitter column through the feed / bottom exchanger. The

overhead product (C3, C3=) is cooled in the overhead condenser and routed to the

reflux drum. The column overhead is condensed in the condenser and routed to the

reflux drum. The reflux is pumped back to the column by the reflux pump. The propylene

product is withdrawn by a separate pump.The schematic flow diagram for this unit is

shown in Appendix-7 at the end of Chapter-2.

2.4 UTILITIES CONSUMPTION FOR VRMP

The utility summary for VRMP facilities are tabulated below in Table 2.5.The utility

requirements have been arrived after considering centralization and integration of

existing utility system with new utility system.

Table 2.5 : VRMP Utilities Summary

S.No. System Units VRMP

1 Raw Water m3/h 207 (Dry) 45 (Wet)

2 DM Water m3/h 275 3 Bearing Cooling Water m3/h 2800 4 Sea cooling water m3/h 48800

5 Instrument Air Nm3/h 12042 Nor 13820 Max

6 Plant Air Nm3/h 980 Nor

2662 Max 7 Nitrogen Nm3/h 1360 8 Boiler Feed water TPH 1400

9 Steam TPH VHP : 16.5 MP : 124 LP : 102

10 Power MW 135.2



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11 Condensate Pure Suspect

TPH TPH

916 47.2

12 Fired duty MMKCal/h 737

2.4.1 RAW WATER REQUIREMENT

The sources of raw water during post VRMP will be from the following:

(a) M/s Greater Visakha Municipal Corporation (GVMC)

(b) Refinery ETP effluent water recycle through RO.





PROJECT OF M/S HPCL

An overall water balance for VRMP case is shown below in Figure 2.8 below.

Figure 2.8 : Raw Water balance (VRMP Case)

VRMP Water Balance

Source

Water (in)

Source

Water (Out) Total Water available for treatment from VRMP at

IETP Inlet, m3/hr

m3/h

m3/h

BCW Makeup 123 OWS from Process Unit 117

332

Service Water 215 OWS from SWS 200

Drinking Water 10 Flare 5

Flare System Makeup 5 Floor Washes 5

Total 353 Intermittant Stream 5

DM Water Makeup (Note-1)

360

Evaporation Losses/ Process Consumption

21

Total (Note-2) 713 Total 353

Note 1: DM Water Make up is considered from recycled water from IETP.

Note 2: In case recycle water not available, fresh raw water intake shall be considered for DM water make up.





PROJECT OF M/S HPCL

An overall water balance for Refinery in post VRMP scenario is shown below in Figure. 2.9 below.

Figure 2.9 : Raw Water Balance (Overall Refinery - Post VRMP )

Overall Water Balance

Water Consumption Water (in)

Water Effluent

Water (Out)

Total Water available for treatment at IETP Inlet, m3/hr

m3/h m3/h

Existing Refinery 600 Existing Refinery 448

902

DHT Project 225 DHT Project 22

VRMP 713 VRMP 332

Total 1538

Process Consumption / Evaporation / Miscellaneous Losses

736

Considering Recycle 665 Total 1538

Net Requirement (after recycling)

873



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Total refinery requirement in post-VRMP case is tabulated below in Table 2.6.

Table No 2.6: Total refinery water requirement

Project Consumption (m3/hr)

Existing Refinery 600

DHT (Newly commissioned) 225

VRMP 784 (including 10% design margin

on actual requirement)

Total 1609

Raw water is made available at the refinery battery limit from GVMC. Raw water storage

facility is there in the refinery. Treated ETP effluent along with GVMC water is the source

for Bearing Cooling water, DM water and BFW that are used in the plant.

2.4.2 POWER CONSUMPTION

The power required in post VRMP case shall be met from refinery’s new Captive Power

plant (CPP). Break up of power requirement is given in Table 2.7.

Table 2.7: Power requirement in VRMP

Unit Name Power Consumption (KW)

A. Main Processing Unit

CDU / VDU 10916

FC-HCU 27349

SHCU 24562

New ISOM 2202

SDA 4004

PRU 126

Alkylation Unit 2500

NHT Revamp 537

CCR REVAMP 1646

DHDT Revamp 3067



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Unit Name Power Consumption (KW)

B. Auxiliary Units

HGU 15227

SW Stripper Unit I 584

SW Stripper Unit II 1284

SRU 1960

SR LPG Treating Unit 76

ARU 1589

C. Utility Systems

Raw Water System 250

Sea Cooling water 13800

Bearing cooling water 1000

DM water plant/CPU 816

Compressed Air System 3818

Integrated ETP 1500

Solid Handling Facility 667

Tracing 467

D. Offsite Facilities 3033

Total 122980

Total with 10% margin: 135278

2.4.3 FUEL REQUIREMENT

The fuel requirement of refinery complex would be met by the internal fuel oil and the

fuel gas systems. Fuel is consumed only in Process units. Total requirement of fuel in

all the furnaces within the process units would be met mostly by fuel gas system and

partly by internal fuel oil systems. All the furnaces shall be designed for dual firing. The

existing fuel network shall be integrated with the new fuel network.

The total duty (MM Kcal/Hr) of respective units, considering all units running at design

capacity, is indicated in the Table 2.8 below:



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Table 2.8 : Heater/ Furnace Duty Requirement in VRMP

2.4.4 COOLING WATER SYSTEM

The cooling water system envisaged for the VRMP Project is sea water closed loop re-

circulation type. Two sea cooling water systems will cater to the requirements of VRMP

process units, utilities, offsite & CPP within the complex. As the proposed units are at

the ends of the refinery, it is prudent to keep the sea cooling water towers split

appropriately and located at the respective ends close to the proposed units so that the

large size supply and return headers can be avoided within the refinery pipe rack.

Hence, the new cooling towers are distributed at two ends of the refinery plot area. The

cooling water system includes cooling towers, cooling water transfer pumps, cooling

water distribution network. Post VRMP, the existing re-circulating sea cooling water

network will be integrated with the new re-circulating cooling water system and

Unit Name VRMP (MMKCal/h)

A Main Processing Unit

1 CDU / VDU 130

2 FC HCU 95

3 DHDT Revamp 6

4 New ISOM 0

5 NHT Revamp 8

6 CCR Revamp 23

7 SHCU 88

8 SDA 43

B Auxiliary Units

1 Sulphur Recovery Unit 80

C Utility

1 Boiler 197

Total : 670

Total with 10% margin: 737



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advantage of margin available in existing system shall be utilised. The capacity of sea

cooling water will be 48800 m3/hr.

2.5 EMISSIONS FROM PROPOSED UNITS

The emissions in terms of air, wastewater, solid and hazardous wastes are estimated to

be generated from proposed project is given in succeeding sections:

2.5.1 AIR ENVIRONMENT

SULPHUR BALANCE

The Sulphur balance of the refinery in the VRMP phase is given below in Table 2.9:

TABLE 2.9: SULFUR BALANCE

Feed TPD S (ppmw) TPD of S

Basara Light 36000 28700 1018.8

Bonny Light 9000 1500 13.5

Doba 0 1200 0

Total Feed Sulphur 1032.3

Products

Naphtha 589 177.20 0.104

Jet Fuel 91 1685.90 0.153

Kerosene Zone 2079 1685.90 3.505

MS-IV 5251 40.00 0.210

MS- V 1215 8.00 0.010

Diesel –IV 19950 40.00 0.798

Diesel – V 7253 8.00 0.058

Light Diesel Oil 93 2667.10 0.248

Bitumen 661 47265.70 31.243

SHC Pitch 724 23080.00 16.710

Fuel Oil - Internal 798 4851.20 3.871

Coke Burnt FCC-1 133 5182.40 0.689

Coke Burnt FCC-2 130 27679.00 3.598

Total Product Sulphur 61.198

Balance 971



PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



Feed TPD S (ppmw) TPD of S

Existing SRU Capacity 495

New SRU Capacity 476

Sulfur Balance (in TPD) Total Sulphur in Feed 1032.3 Total Sulphur in Products & fuel 61.2 SRU Capacity Required 971 Existing SRU capacity 495 NEW SRU capacity Required 476 NEW SRU capacity Required ( 10% Margin) ~ 520

Many steps have been taken to control the SOx emission from refinery at minimum

possible level which include the following:

a. Use of Low sulphur fuels for internal fuel purpose.

b. Sulphur Recovery Unit with Tail Gas Treating (TGT) facilities having 99.9%

efficiency will be provided.

c. The heights of various stacks will be determined taking into consideration the

"Guidelines for Minimum Stack Height" as per notification by MoEF dated 19th May

1993, which fixes the minimum stack height based on emission of Sulphur Dioxide.

There are 14 stacks envisaged in the VRMP. The SOx emissions releases are given in

Table 2.10 and the total SOx emissions from refinery post VRMP is within stipulated

limit i.e.11.5 TPD.

Table 2.10: Details of SOx balance

SOx from Fuel gas

UNIT SOx (TPD)

FUEL GAS (100 ppm) 0.17

TOTAL(A) 0.17

SOx from Natural gas

CPP (10 ppm) 0.01

HGU (10 ppm) 0.02

TOTAL(B) 0.03



PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



SOx from Naphtha

UNIT SOx (TPD)

CPP (29 ppm) 0.01

HGU (50 ppm) 0.04

TOTAL (C) 0.05

SOx from FUEL OIL

UNIT SOx (TPD)

FUEL OIL ( 4710 ppm) 7.86

TOTAL (D) 7.86

SOx from FCC coke

UNIT SOx (TPD)

FCC-I (With FGD) 0.23

FCC-II (With FGD) 1.36

TOTAL ( E) 1.59

SOx from SRU

UNIT SOx (TPD)

DHT SRU 0.6

EXISTING SRU 0.4

NEW SRU 0.8

TOTAL (F) 1.8

TOTAL (A+B+C+D+E+F) 11.5

2.5.2 WATER ENVIRONMENT

The Raw water requirement for various purposes in VRMP case is given below in the

Table 2.11.

TABLE 2.11 : WATER REQUIREMENT & RAW WATER BALANCE

Unit Demand, M3/Hr

BCW Make-up 123

Service Water 215

Drinking Water 10

Flare System Make-up 5

Total Demand 353



PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



Effluent Recycle from ETP 165 (Dry)

312(Wet)

Net Normal Demand 188 (Dry)

41 (Wet)

With 10% margin 207 (Dry)

45 (Wet)

Back Up for DM Plant Feed 360

Net Max Demand 713

With 10% margin 784

Effluent Recycle Plant/DM Plant: A RO based DM plant based upon feed from

treated ETP water and various blow down streams is envisaged for meeting the

additional DM water requirement. The DM water production shall be approx 500

m3/hr.

Liquid Effluent Management System

Effluent Treatment Plants are constructed as measures to control Pollution with respect

to the liquid effluent. Refinery consumes large amount of water during processing of

the crude. Seawater is mostly used in cooling system. Fresh water is used for steam

generation, bearing cooling water systems, flushing of unit’s pipeline, preparation of

chemical solution, floor washing, canteen and sanitary requirements, etc. HPCL-Visakh

Refinery implemented the task of segregation of process effluents from non-process

effluents & cooling waters and installed the following treatment facilities to meet MINAS

requirements:

ETP-I: Effluent Treatment Plant-I (90 m3/hr Dry Weather/ 135 m3/hr Wet weather)

ETP-II: Effluent Treatment Plant-II (275 m3/hr Dry Weather/ 325 m3/hr Wet Weather)

ETP-III: ATP – ETP (30 m3/hr)

ETP-IV: Effluent Treatment Plant-IV (180 m3/hr). ETP-IV is also provided with

contaminated rain water treatment facility having 90 m3/hr capacity.

CRW-ETP: Contaminated Rain Water-Effluent Treatment Plant (CRW-ETP) (100

m3/hr)

In order to have better control in terms of liquid effluent treatment/management of the

entire refinery effluent at single location, it is proposed to install a new state of the art

Integrated Effluent Treatment & Recycle Plant (IETP), which shall replace all the



PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



existing effluent treatment plants apart from treating additional effluent flow from VRMP

facilities.

TABLE- 2.12 : TOTAL OWS EFFLUENT GENERATION FROM THE REFINERY

POST VRMP

S.

No

ETP/

Unit Stream

Flow (m3/hr)

Actual Design

Dry

Weather

Wet

Weather

Dry

Weather

Wet

Weather

1 ETP-I Combined 30-60 135* 90 135

2 ETP-II

Stream A 100 100 100 100

Stream B 100 223* 173 223

ATP-ETP 30* 30* 30 30

3 ETP-III

(ATP-ETP) Routed to ETP-II

4 ETP-IV

(Note-1)

VRCFP

block 150* 150* 150 150

Upcoming

DHT 30 30 30 30

5 VRMP

(Note-2) Combined 330 330 330 330

TOTAL OWS Effluent

(Existing refinery) 472 670 575 670

TOTAL OWS Effluent

(Post VRMP) 802 1000 905 1000

* Because of non-availability of data, actual flow rates has been considered same as

design flow rates

Notes:

1. VRCFP block influent is routed to ETP-II receiving sump & then it is pumped to

ETP-IV for further treatment.

2. Major process oily effluent streams envisaged from VRMP include ~117 m3/h from

CDU/VDU-IV; ~200 m3/h from SWS-I & II (TPH); ~5 m3/h from Flare; ~5 m3/h from

floor-washes; and ~5 m3/h average from intermittent streams.



PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



TABLE-2.13 : TOTAL CRW EFFLUENT GENERATION FROM THE REFINERY

POST VRMP

S.No CRW Stream Flow (m3/hr)

1. CRW from DHDS (CRW-ETP) 100

2. CRW (ETP-IV) 90

3. CRW (VRMP) 200

New CRW Effluent 390

TABLE- 2.14: TOTAL SPENT CAUSTIC EFFLUENT GENERATION FROM THE

REFINERY POST VRMP

S. No

Spent Caustic Streams Design Flow (m3/hr)

1. Spent Caustic from CDUs 1.8 2. Spent Caustic Streams from MS block units & New

DHT 3

3. Spent Caustic (VRMP) 2.1 Total Spent Caustic Effluent 6.9

The treated ETP effluent along with various blow down streams (CPP blow down,

bearing cooling water CT blow down, process blow downs, etc.) shall be further treated

within the integrated plant in a RO based recycle system to produce fresh water and

subsequently DM water. Effluent routing philosophy to the new IETP has been

elaborated in the Appendix 8 at the end of Chapter-2.



PROJECT OF M/S HPCL





Figure 2.10 : Schematic flow diagram for IETP



PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



The capacities of the different section of the integrated plant are listed in Table 2.15.

Table 2.15 : Design capacities of IETP streams

Treatment of refinery’s liquid effluents at single location in new IETP. Oily effluent

streams to ETP-I, ETP-II, ATP-ETP, ETP-IV and additional effluent from VRMP shall be

treated together at single location i.e., in new IETP. Also, CRW effluent from existing

DHDS, MS block and VRMP shall be treated at single location i.e., in CRW treatment

chain in new IETP. Replacement of the existing ETPs and additional new ETP for VRMP

by a new single integrated ETP would result in better operation, maintenance &

management in view of single-point treatment of process effluent from the entire refinery.

Recycle section of the integrated plant to be designed for 1100 m3/hr design capacity to

accommodate an additional 100 m3/hr from blow downs (including 75 m3/h CTBD from

bearing CT and 11 m3/h from CPP Boiler Blow-down apart from other boiler blow-

downs).

Liquid Effluent Summary

The liquid effluents from VRMP units shall be routed and treated in new IETP. The

quality of liquid effluents is summarized below in Table 2.16.

Table 2.16 : Liquid effluent summary

Unit Continuous/

Intermittent

Effluent

Stream

Estimated

Quality

CDU-IV

/VDU-IV

Continuous Brine from

desalter

PH : 7.5-8.0

BOD @ 20oC: 300 mg/lit

COD : 500 mg/lit

Sr. No.

Streams routed to IETP Total design capacity

1. OWS streams 800 m3/hr Dry Weather (Minimum) 1000 m3/hr Wet Weather (Maximum)

2. CTBD streams 100 m3/hr 3. CRW streams 390 m3/hr 4. Spent caustic 7 m3/hr 5. Packaged STP 30 m3/hr



PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



Unit Continuous/

Intermittent

Effluent

Stream

Estimated

Quality

Suspended Solids : 150 mg/lit

Total dissolved solids : 2500

mg/lit

Total oil content : 200 mg/lit

Free/ Fixed Ammonia : 50

mg/lit

Cyanides : 3 mg/lit

Phenolic compounds : 3

mg/lit

H2S : 50 mg/lit

Sulfides as S : 5 mg/lit

Sodium 1875 mg/lit

Calcium 250 mg/l

Magnesium 375 mg/l

Intermittent(Once

in a day for ½ hr)

Spent Caustic PH:11-12

BOD @, 20°C:35000 mg/lit

COD: 40000 mg/lit

Suspended Solids: 200 mg/lit

Total Dissolved solid:200000

mg/lit

Sulphur: 8000 mg/lit

Phenolic

Compounds:800mg/lit

Intermittent

2-3 days Once in

2-3 years

Decoking

effluent

Suspended solids: 50 mg/l

Total oil content 100 mg/l

Continuous Steam

generator

blowdown

pH 9.0-10.0

TDS 1000-6000 mg/l

Total oil content 1.0 mg/l

Phosphates 50 mg/l

Si-Sio2 50 mg/l

Alkalinity 300-400 mg/l

KmnO4 value <500 mg/l

Steam Same as above



PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



Unit Continuous/

Intermittent

Effluent

Stream

Estimated

Quality

Intermittent

Duration : 5 Min

Once per shift

generator

blowdown

FCHCU

Continuous

Boiler Blow

down

pH: 9-10

TDS: 1000-6000 mg/l

Total Oil Content: 1 mg/l

Phosphates: 50 mg/l

Si-SiO2: 50 mg/l

Alkalinity: 300-400 mg/l

KMnO4 Value: <500 mg/l

Intermittent

Duration : 5 Min

Once per shift

Boiler Blow

down

Same as above

SHCU Intermittent

Duration: 5434.8

kg once in three

years (Annual

turnaround)

Neutralisation

Sol

Hydrocarbon: < 0.1 wt%

Water : 98 wt%

Soda Ash: 2 wt%

Continuous Steam

Generator

blowdown

pH: 9-10

TDS: 1000-6000 mg/l

Total Oil Content: 1 mg/l

Phosphates: 50 mg/l

Si-SiO2: 50 mg/l

Alkalinity: 300-400 mg/l

KMnO4 Value: <500 mg/l

Intermittent

Duration : 5 Min

Once per shift

Steam

Generator

blowdown

Same as above



PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



Unit Continuous/

Intermittent

Effluent

Stream

Estimated

Quality

SDA

There is no continuous

effluent from the SDA section.

SR LPG

Treater

Intermittent (in 5-

6 Days)

From

Prewash

column :

effluent

generated per

5-6 days in Pre

wash column

COMPONENT : KG /Hr

NaOH : 81.9

Na2S2O3 : 0

Na2S : 250

WATER : 3834

Na2CO3 : 0

NaSR : 131.7

TOTAL FLOW : 4298

Purge caustic

effluent

generated per

hour in solvent

separator (purge

stream)

Continuous COMPONENT : KG/HR

NaOH : 0.26

Na2S2O3 : 0

Na2S : 0

WATER : 1.9

Na2CO3 : 0

NaSR : 0

TOTAL FLO W : 2.2

ARU

There is no continuous

effluent from the ARU

section. The effluent in the

minor quantities can be

because of leakage, spillage

etc of MDEA

NEW ISOM

Intermittent

1-2 hrs/week

Spent Caustic Nacl:12000-15000 mg/l

NaOH: 200 mg/l

Hydrocabons (Saturated)

SWS I & II Entire stripped

water to ETP

Total Oil Content: 200 ppmw

Free/Fixed Ammonia: 50



PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



Unit Continuous/

Intermittent

Effluent

Stream

Estimated

Quality

ppmw

Phenolic Compounds: Nil

H2S: 50 ppmw

Phenolic Compounds: 105

ppmw

Intermittent

Duration : 30 Min

Pump Bearing

cooling to

ETP(m3/hr)

Sulphate : 300 - 550 Mg/Lit

Chloride : 45 - 60Mg/Lit

TDS : 750 - 1000Mg/Lit

PH : 7.5 -8

SRU Continuous Blowdown from

surface

condensers

and waste heat

bolilers

pH 9.0-10.0

TDS 1000-6000 mg/l


Phosphates 50 mg/l

Si-Sio2 50 mg/l



Intermittent Boiler blow

down

pH 9.0-10.0

TDS 1000-6000 mg/l


Phosphates 50 mg/l

Si-Sio2 50 mg/l



HGU Continuous Boiler blow

down

Amines - <10 ppm wt

Phosphate - <15 ppm wt

Formic Acid - <100 ppm wt

Methanol - <150 ppm wt

CU -Nil

Fe-< 5 ppm wt

PH-10-11

Salts from DMW

concentrated up to 50 times



PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



Unit Continuous/

Intermittent

Effluent

Stream

Estimated

Quality

Intermittent

Duration : 5 Min

Boiler Blow

down

Same as above

PRU Intermittent: 30

min

Once in two days

Oil and

Chemical

Water Effulent

Caustic/MEA: 1 wt%

Hydrocarbons: 0.1 wt%

Intermittent: 30

min (once in a

day)

MEA/CAUSTIC

WASTE

WATER(m3/Hr)

Caustic/MEA: 2.5 wt%

Hydrocarbons: 0.1 wt%

Mercaptans: 600 ppm

Utilities

Raw water

treatment

plant(Note-

2)

Intermittent Water PH 7.5-8.0

SS mg/l 1500

Bearing

Cooling

water

Continuous Blow

Down

PH ; 7.5 – 8.5

Suspended solids, mg/lit : 50

NTU

Dissolved solids, mg/lit : 5000

Intermittant (once

per shift 0.5 m3)

Oil skimming PH ; 7.5 – 8.5

Suspended solids, mg/lit :

100

Oil & Grease, mg/lit : 1000

Flare Water seal

drum

pH : 7.0 – 8.0

Oil: 50-100mg/l

HC: 100 mg/l

Boiler

BlowDown

Intermittant (once

per shift for 5

min)

Blow Down

Amines - <10 ppm wt

Phosphate - <15 ppm wt

Formic Acid - <100 ppm wt

Methanol - <150 ppm wt

CU -Nil



PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



Unit Continuous/

Intermittent

Effluent

Stream

Estimated

Quality

Fe-< 5 ppm wt

PH-10-11

Salts from DMW

concentrated up to 50 times

Continuous

Blow Down

Same as above

Sanitary

waste

Continuous Water BOD- 200 ppm

COD- 800 ppm

TSS- 200 ppm

Notes:

(1) During normal operation, sour water shall be generated from hydro processing&

non-hydroprocessing units for which SWS of approximate capacities of 185&300

m3/hr is provided. A part of stripped sour water will be reused while a portion will

be sent to ETP for treatment before further reuse through DM plant.

(2) Spent caustic generated from various process units shall be collected through

the separate pipelines and treated within integrated effluent treatment Plant.

(3) Sufficient storage shall be provided for sour water at the SWS area, so that

during startup and shutdown sour effluent can be diverted to these storage tanks

instead of diverting to integrated effluent treatment plant.

(4) Most of the stripped water from non-hydro processed Sour Water Stripper will be

reused as Desalter water make-up water and the stripped water from hydro

processed Sour Water Stripper will be reused in hydro processing units. This in-

plant control measure will reduce the net wastewater load to the ETP

considerably.

(5) Closed blow down system will be incorporated for hydrocarbon liquid discharges

in all the process units, which will reduce the wastewater load to ETP both in

terms of quantum load and quality. This is another of the in-plant control

measures.

(6) Appropriate segregation and collection philosophy (separate sewers for

process waste, contaminated rainwater, spent caustic, cooling tower blow down,



PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



boiler blow down, catalyst regeneration waste, etc. will be incorporated for

various effluents depending on individual stream characteristics.

(7) Process area will be paved to avoid contamination of soil/sub-soil/ground water

in case of accidental spill/leakage of hydrocarbon liquids.

2.5.3 LAND ENVIRONMENT

In this section, the releases of solid and hazardous wastes are identified and described.

There are primarily four types of solid wastes generated in a refinery:

1. ETP Sludge’s

2. General Solid Wastes

3. Tank Bottoms

4. Chemicals

ETP Sludge

The oily & chemical sludge (1.5TPD-post VRMP) separated in different units of ETP, viz.

API/TPI/DAF shall be dewatered, handled and disposed as per existing practice. The bio

sludge (2TPD-post VRMP) from bio-treatment section will be separately dewatered and

utilized inside the refinery as manure.

General Solid Wastes

Small quantities of non-hazardous, non-recyclable solid waste consisting of waste

refractory, spent insulation, decoking solid waste from CDU/VDU, used filter cartridges,

spent charcoal, spent clay and sand will be generated. These wastes (approx 1500T/

year) will be sent to nearby authorized landfill agency for further disposal.

Tank Bottom Sludge

This sludge is generated periodically during the tank cleaning operations (Approx 1000

T/ tank) at the periodicity of 5 years. Tank bottom sludge shall be handled and disposed

as per existing practice.

Chemicals

The chemicals used in various process units will be procured, stored and used as per

the rules of “Manufacture Storage and import of hazardous chemicals Rules 1989,



PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



amended 2000”. An estimate of chemicals to be used in process units is given below in

Table 2.17.

Table 2.17 : Chemical Consumption

Chemical Daily Use

Caustic 5-10 m3

Lean Amine 400 – 500 m3

Soda Ash 10-20 kg

Salt 10 kg

Anti foam 1-2 m3

Solvents 1-2 m3

Corrosion inhibitor 1-2 m3

Catalyst

Catalyst used in various process units in VRMP are listed in Table 2.18.



PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



Table 2.18: Catalyst Quantity And Catalyst Life

Sr.

No. Process Units Unit

Unit

Capacity

Make up

catalyst per

annum

(Capacity)

1st

Charge

(Capacity)

Life

(Years)

1 CDU/VDU TPA of Feed 9,000,000

Catalyst-1 kg 0 0 -

2 DHDT REVAMP TPA of Feed 440,000

Catalyst-1 m3 0 0 5.00

Catalyst-2 m3 0 0 5.00

HR-945 m3 0 10.04 5.00

HR-348 m3 0 299.05 5.00

3 Hydrogen Unit TPA of H2 226,000

Pre

Desulphurization

TK-10 m3 0 2.42 2.00

TK-709 m3 0 5.33 2.00

TK-711 m3 0 2.91 2.00

TK-437 m3 0 4.36 2.00

TK-4431 m3 0 87.82 2.00

Hydrogenation m3 0 24.70 5.00

Chlorine guard m3 0 31.32 0.60

Sulphur Absorption m3 0 31.32 0.60

Pre reformer m3 0 48.91 2.50

Reformer m3 0 98.63 10.00

MT shift m3 0 109.77 5.00

LT shift m3 0 136.89 5.00

PSA Adsorbent m3 0 6.00

4 NEW ISOM TPA of Feed 292,000

Benz HDT LD-

412R

tons 0 3.76

9.00

ISOM IS-614A tons 0 70.45 9.00

Platinum TROY 0 4,530.73 -

Feed Mol sieve tons 0 7.38 3.00

H2 Mol sieve tons 0 4.77 3.00



PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



Sr.

No. PROCESS UNITS UNIT

Unit

Capacity

Make up

catalyst per

annum

(Capacity)

1st

Charge

(Capacity)

Life

(Years)

5 New PRU TPA of Feed 288,000

COS Hydrolyser m3 0 30 5.00

Platinum TROY 0 2,042 -

ZNO m3 0 73 1.00

Molsieve m3 0 16 3.00

6 HCU TPA of Feed 3,300,000

Catalyst-1 MT 0

7 SHCU TPA of Feed 2,500,000

Catalyst-1 MT 0 405 3.00

8 CCR REVAMP TPA of Feed 153,800

R-134 kg 1,479 20,742 4.00

Platinum TROY 138 1,967 -

Chloride guard kg 0 9,460 1.00

9 Fuel Gas H2

Recovery PSA

TPA of H2 36,000

PSA Adsorbent m3 0 6.00

TREATING UNITS

Sr.

No. PROCESS UNITS UNIT

Unit

Capacity

Make up

catalyst per

annum

(Capacity)

1st

Charge

(Capacity)

Life

(Years)

1 SRU with TGT TPD of

Sulfur

produced

720

Claus Catalyst m3 0 377.07 3.00

Hydrogenation

Catalyst

m3 0 1,069.24

3.00

Degasser Catalyst m3 0 32.00 3.00

Catalyst Support m3 0 78.40 -

Sr. PROCESS UNITS UNIT Unit Make up 1st Life



PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



No. Capacity catalyst per

annum

(Capacity)

Charge

(Capacity)

(Years)

2 ARU TPH of

Amine

Circulation

1080

Catalyst-1 kg 0 0 -

3 SWS-Single stage m3 /h of

Sour Water

300

4 SWS-Two stage m3 /h of

Sour Water

185

Catalyst-1 kg 0 0 -

5 SR. LPG

TREATER

TPA of Feed 112,000

Catalyst-1 kg 0 - -

6 Utilities & Offsite

Catalyst-1 kg 0 0 -



PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



2.5.4 NOISE ENVIRONMENT

The overall noise levels in and around the proposed Refinery complex shall be well

within the standards by providing noise control measures including acoustic hoods,

silencers, enclosures etc. on all sources of noise generation. The ambient noise levels

conform to the standards prescribed under Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986 Rules,

and 1989 viz. 75 dBA (day time) and 70 dBA (night time).

2.6 LOGISTICS

2.6.1 Crude

The percentage of throughput crude and capacity of feed considered for VRMP are

given in Table 2.19.

Table 2.19 : Crude Throughput for VRMP

Crude % of Throughput MMTPA

Doba 8 % 1.2

Bonny Light 20 % 3

Basrah Light 72 % 10.8

Total 100% 15

Post VRMP High Sulphur crude shall be transported through VLCC of capacity 240

TMT capacities and off loaded through SPM to ISPRL through 48” pipeline.

The unloading of VLCC is expected to be completed in 38 Hours (Including berthing

and disconnection formalities). There are 2 Caverns out of which one will be dedicated

for HPCL with capacity of 0.3 MMT capacity.

The max discharge from cavern to refinery (via 48” line) is designed to be 6400

m3/hr per hour. Since this 48” line joins existing 36” line (OSTT to Refinery), the net

transfer rate is governed by 36” line which is around 5500 m3/hr.

2.6.2 Finished Products

The final products from refinery post VRMP are LPG, Propylene, Naphtha, ATF,

Kerosene, MS, Diesel, Light Diesel Oil, LDO, Bitumen and FO/MTO/JBO/LSHF HSD



PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



Detailed shipment facilities of all products are as follows:

LPG / Propylene: Since no new LPG/ Propylene bullets have been proposed in

VRMP, Existing shipping lines going to new marketing terminal from Refinery (Max 1.0

KM) shall be utilized post VRMP also.

Naphtha: Since no new naphtha tanks have been proposed in VRMP, Existing

facilities shall be utilized post VRMP also.

MS / Diesel / Kero: The main evacuation source of the three major Products i.e. (MS,

Diesel and Kero) from refinery is through VVSPL (Vizag Vijaiwada Secunderabad 572

KM long cross country pipeline). The design capacity of the Pipeline is 5.380 MMTPA.

ATF/ LDO/ MTO/ JBO/LSHF HSD/ Fuel Oil / Bitumen: Post VRMP also existing

facilities shall be utilized.

2.7 OFFSITES FACILITIES

Offsite facilities are divided into three sections:

Crude oil storage and transfer

Intermediate Feed / Intermediate product storage and transfer

Finished product storage and transfer

2.7.1 CRUDE OIL STORAGE

Existing refinery contains total 13 crude tanks out of which, 5 crude tanks are

inside refinery premises & 8 tanks are in ATP area.

Post VRMP, refinery will have total 10 crude tanks, Out of which, 2 crude Tanks

at Refinery area and 8 crude tanks at ATP area.

ISPRL Crude cavern storage of 300 TMT is also considered for working out new

crude storage tanks.

2.7.2 INTERMEDIATE FEED STORAGE

These tanks are provided to account for turnaround, interruption (including

emergency), catalyst regeneration & replacement etc. Intermediate unit feed flow



PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



control will be within the respective unit battery limit. No controls are envisaged in the

offsite area.

2.7.3 FINISHED PRODUCT STORAGE

Finished product tankages for naphtha, MS, ATF, SKO, HSD, Fuel oil in the refinery has

been considered for production cover of minimum 15 days (Except

LPG/Propylene/Naphtha).

List of New product tanks, Existing tanks with their modified service post VRMP and

product tanks are given in Table 2.20, Table 2.21 and Table 2.22 respectively.

2.7.4 FLARE SYSTEM

Under Visakh Refinery Modernization Project, flare load shall be generated from all the

new process units. The existing refinery has in place two flare systems:

VREP II: 698.5 TPH (HC flaring), 13 TPH (Acid Gas Flaring)

VRCFP: 491 TPH (HC flaring), 15 TPH (Acid Gas Flaring)

For VRMP load, new flare system has been considered and it will be independent from

the existing flare system. Steam injection facility to maintain adequate steam to fuel ratio

is provisioned to achieve smokeless operations in both existing and new flares.

Moreover, Flare stack height will be restricted to 60 m in VRMP. However, all the stack

details including that of flare shall be worked out during design stage only since this will

be depend on Licensors data.



PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



TABLE 2.20 : LIST OF NEW PRODUCT TANKS

Sl.

No. Service

No. Of

Tanks

Diameter

(m)

Height

(m)

Operating

Temp °C

Design

Temp ° C

Thickness

(m)

Pressure

Rating #

Weight of

Tank (Kg) Type Class

Liquid Stored

Capacity (m3)

1 Diesel

tank 8 53 20 Amb. 65 0.045 150 1302223 Floating A 40000

2 Diesel

tank 2 41 20 Amb. 65 0.03 150 547900 Floating B 23529

TABLE 2.21 : LIST OF EXISTING TANKS WITH THEIR MODIFIED SERVICE POST VRMP

S.No Service Tank Nos. Class Location Type Dia Ht

Net

pumpable

Capacity

Existing Modified Existing Modified Mtr Mtr M3

1 Crude Raw Water 120-T-01C A - Refinery Floating 79 13.5 51427

2 Crude Crude 120-T-01D A A Refinery Floating 79 13.6 29387

3 Crude FCCU

Feed 120-T-01E A C Refinery Floating 79 13.5

51474

4 Crude FCCU

Feed 120-T-01F A C Refinery Floating 79 13.5

48007

5 Crude Crude 20-D-05 A A Refinery Floating 79 13.6 49899





PROJECT OF M/S HPCL

S.No Service Tank Nos. Class Location Type Dia Ht

Net

pumpable

Capacity


6 Crude Crude 120-T-201A A A ATP Floating 79 14.4 49661

7 Crude Crude 120-T-201B A A ATP Floating 79 14.4 49661

8 Crude Crude 120-T-201 G A A ATP Floating 70 14.4 39250

9 Crude Crude 120-T-201D A A ATP Floating 79 14.4 49661

10 Crude Crude 120-T-201E A A ATP Floating 79 14.4 51230

11 Crude Crude 120-T-201F A A ATP Floating 79 14.4 51230

12 Crude Crude 120-T-201 H A A ATP Floating 70 14.4 39250

13 Crude Crude 120-T-201C A A ATP Floating 79 14.4 49661

14 NA Crude ISPRL A A

TABLE 2.22 : LIST OF PRODUCTS TANKS

S.No Service Tank No. Class Location Type Dia Ht

Net

Pumpable

Capacity


1 Propylene Propylene 121-T-02 A A A Refinery Mounted

Bullet 5 50

1143

2 Propylene Propylene 121-T-02 B A A Refinery Mounted 5 50 1152





PROJECT OF M/S HPCL


Net

Pumpable

Capacity


Bullet

3 LPG LPG 121-T-01 A A A Refinery Mounted

Bullet 7 70

1699

4 LPG LPG 121-T-01B A A Refinery Mounted

Bullet 7 70

1698

5 LPG LPG 121-T-01 C A A Refinery Mounted

Bullet 7 70

1684

6 LPG LPG 121-T-01 D A A Refinery Mounted

Bullet 7 70

1684

7 LPG LPG 121-T-01 E A A Refinery Mounted

Bullet 7 70

1684

8 NAPHTHA /MS NAPHTHA 20-D-160 A A Refinery Floating 33.5 14.6 9265

9 NAPHTHA /MS NAPHTHA 20-D-161 A A Refinery Floating 33.5 14.6 8840

10 MS MS ( IV + V) 120 -T - 04 A A Refinery Floating 42.5 13.5 14187

11 NAPHTHA /MS MS ( IV + V) 120-T-203 A A A ATP Floating 61 14.4 30468

12 NAPHTHA /MS MS ( IV + V) 120-T-203 B A A ATP Floating 61 14.4 30527

13 MS MS ( IV + V) 120-T-203 C A A ATP Floating 61 14.4 30468

14 MS MS ( IV + V) 120-T-205 A A A ATP Floating 50 14.4 21610

15 MS MS ( IV + V) 120-T-206 A A A ATP Floating 50 14.4 21610





PROJECT OF M/S HPCL


Net

Pumpable

Capacity


16 MS MS ( IV + V) 120-T-206 B A A ATP Floating 50 14.4 21531

17 Kero Kero 120 - T -204 A B B ATP Floating 40 14.4 13450

18 Kero Kero 120 - T - 205 B B B ATP Floating 40 14.4 13482

19 Kero Kero 120 - T -210 B B ATP Floating 40 14.4 12570

20 ATF ATF 120 - T -204 B B B ATP Floating cum

fixed 40 14.4

10911

21 ATF ATF 120 - T -204 C B B ATP Floating cum

fixed 40 14.4

10798

22 HSD HSD ( IV + V) 120-T-202 A B B ATP Floating 61 14.4 31404

23 HSD HSD ( IV + V) 120-T-202 B B B ATP Floating 61 14.4 31345

24 HSD HSD ( IV + V) 120-T-202 C B B ATP Floating 61 14.4 31404

25 HSD HSD ( IV + V) 120-T-209 A B B ATP Floating 54 14.4 10992

26 HSD HSD ( IV + V) 120-T-209 B B B ATP Floating 54 14.4 17862

27 HSD HSD ( IV + V) 120 - T - 211 B B ATP Floating 54 14.4 31558

28 HSD HSD ( IV + V) 120-T-214 B B ATP Floating 60 14.4 30521

29 FO FO 20-D-37 C C Refinery Fixed 33.5 14.6 9693

30 FO FO 20-D-38 C C Refinery Fixed 33.5 14.6 9693

31 Bitumen Bitumen 20-D-34 D D Refinery Cone Roof 24.4 14.6 5844

32 Bitumen Bitumen 20-D-35 D D Refinery Cone Roof 24.4 14.6 5844





PROJECT OF M/S HPCL


Net

Pumpable

Capacity


33 Bitumen Dismantled 23-D-10 D D Dismantled

34 Bitumen Dismantled 20-D-154 D D Dismantled

35 Bitumen Bitumen 500-T-001 D D Refinery Cone Roof 18 12 2286

36 Bitumen Bitumen 500-T-002 D D Refinery Cone Roof 18 12 2286

37 SOUR

NAPTHA/MTO MTO 20-D-122 A Refinery Floating 9.2 12

493

38 JBO/MTO MTO 20-D-123 B B Refinery Floating 9.2 12 558

39 LDO LDO 20-D-33 B B Refinery Cone Roof 22.4 14.6 5691

40

LDO/SOUR

DSL/CUTTER

STOCK

LDO 20-D-70 B B Refinery Fixed 21.3 12.2

3776

41 JBO/SOUR

DSL JBO 120-T-16A B B Refinery Cone Roof 17.5 14.6

2769

42 JBO/SOUR

DSL JBO 120-T-16B B B Refinery Cone Roof 17.5 14.6

2769

43 JBO JBO 20-D-124 B B Refinery Floating 12.2 12.2 558

44 HFHSD LSHF HSD 20-D-140 B B Refinery Fixed 20 13 3776

45 LDO/HFHSD LSHF HSD 20-D-141 Refinery Fixed 21.3 12.2 3506





PROJECT OF M/S HPCL

TABLE 2.23 : LIST OF INTERMEDIATE TANKS


Net

Pumpable

Capacity


1 Cutter Stock Cutter Stock 20-D-143 B B Refinery Cone Roof 12.1 18.2 2219



6 SOUR

NAPTHA

HGU Feed

Naphtha DHT 20-D-120 A A Refinery Floating 9.2 12.2

493

7 SOUR

NAPTHA

HGU Feed

Naphtha DHT 20-D-121 A A Refinery Floating 9.2 12.2

493

8 SWEET

NAPHTHA

HGU Feed

Naphtha DHT 120-T-186 A A Refinery

Floating cum

Fixed 18 14.4

1653

9 NAPHTHA /MS HGU Feed

Naphtha VRMP 20-D-60 A A Refinery Floating 27.4 14.6

5908

10 NAPHTHA /MS HGU Feed

Naphtha VRMP 20-D-61 A A Refinery Floating 27.4 14.6

5908

11 CPP Naphtha CPP Naphtha 120-T-185A A A Refinery Floating cum

Fixed 18 14.4

1907

12 CPP Naphtha CPP Naphtha 120-T-185B A A Refinery Floating cum

Fixed 18 14.4

1907





PROJECT OF M/S HPCL


Net

Pumpable

Capacity


13 CPP Naphtha CPP Naphtha 120-T-185C A A Refinery Floating cum

Fixed 18 14.4

1907

14 CPP Naphtha CPP Naphtha 120-T-187 A A Refinery Floating cum

Fixed 18 14.4

1907

15 NAPHTHA CPP Naphtha 120-T-15 A A Refinery Floating 27 14.6 5244

16 CPP HSD (INT

FUEL) CPP HSD 120-T-188 B B Refinery Floating 18 12

1908

17 NHT FEED NHT FEED 120-T-189 A A Refinery

Floating /

Fixed with

N2 BKT

40 14.9

11309

18 NHT FEED NHT FEED 120-T-190 A A Refinery Floating cum

Fixed 42.5 16

12766

20 CCR FEED CCR FEED 120-T-191 A A Refinery Floating cum

Fixed 33.5 16.1

7477

21 FCCNHT FEED CCR FEED 120-T-192 A A Refinery Floating cum

Fixed 42.5 14.9

12056

22 ISOMERATE ISOMERATE 120-T-193 A A Refinery Dome 20 18 2671





PROJECT OF M/S HPCL


Net

Pumpable

Capacity


23 ISOMERATE ISOMERATE 120-T-194 A A Refinery Dome 20 14.2 2671

24 REFORMATE REFORMATE 120-T-213A A A ATP Floating 44 14.4 16720

25 REFORMATE REFORMATE 120-T-213B A A ATP Floating 44 14.4 16720

26 SOUR DSL DHDT FEED 20-D-36 B B Refinery Floating Cum

Fixed 30.5 13.9

6908

27 SOUR DSL DHDT FEED 120-T-13 B B Refinery Floating 33.5 14.6 8812

28 SOUR DSL DHDS FEED 20-D-30 B B Refinery Floating Cum

Fixed 33.5 14.6

8805


Fixed 33.5 14.6

9717


Fixed 33.5 14.6

8834

31 WET SLOP WET SLOP 120-T-11A D D Refinery Fixed 7.5 6

32 WET SLOP WET SLOP 120-T-11B D D Refinery Fixed 7.5 6

33 WET SLOP WET SLOP 120-T-11C D D Refinery Fixed 7 5.2

34 WET SLOP WET SLOP 120-T-208A D D ATP Fixed 40 14.4 250

35 WET SLOP WET SLOP 120-T-208B D D ATP Fixed 40 14.4 250

36 WET SLOP WET SLOP 20-D-13 D D Refinery Cone Roof 7.3 6.1

37 WET SLOP WET SLOP 20-D-14 D D Refinery Cone Roof 7.3 6.1





PROJECT OF M/S HPCL


Net

Pumpable

Capacity


38 DRY SLOP DRY SLOP 120-T-10A D D Refinery Floating 14 12 1000

39 DRY SLOP DRY SLOP 120-T-10B D D Refinery Floating 14 12 1000

40 WET SLOP WET SLOP 120-T-10C D D Refinery Floating 14 11

41 DRY SLOP DRY SLOP 20-D-11 D D Refinery Fixed 12.2 9.1 420

42 WET SLOP WET SLOP 20-D-12 D D Refinery Fixed 9.1 12.2

43 DRY SLOP DRY SLOP 120-T-207A D D ATP Floating 12 10.5 763

44 DRY SLOP DRY SLOP 120-T-207B D D ATP Floating 40 14.4 763

45 WET SLOP WET SLOP 20-D-09 D D 510

46 HOTWELL OIL HOTWELL OIL 120-T-17 B B Refinery Floating 17.5 14.6 2042

47 FCCU FEED Dismantled 20-D-3 C C

48 FCCU FEED Dismantled 20-D-4 C C

49 VBU Feed SDA FEED 120-T-14A C C Refinery Cone Roof 33.5 20 14991

50 VBU Feed SDA FEED 120-T-14B C C Refinery Cone Roof 33.5 20 14991

51 VBU Feed SDA FEED 120-T-14C C C Refinery Cone Roof 33.5 20 14991

52 FO Tank SHCU FEED 120-T-05A C C Refinery Fixed 34.5 14 10271

53 FO Tank SHCU FEED 120-T-05B C C Refinery Fixed 34.5 14 10271

54 LSHS Tank SHCU FEED 120-T-06A C C Refinery Fixed 40 12.9 13814





PROJECT OF M/S HPCL


Net

Pumpable

Capacity


55 LSHS Tank SHCU FEED 120-T-06 C C Refinery Fixed 40 12.9 12558

56 FO/LSHS Tank IFO 20-D-150 C C Refinery

Fixed 24.4 14.6

5610

57 FO/LSHS Tank Prime G 20-D-151 C A Refinery

Fixed 24.4 14.6

5610

58 FO Tank HCU FEED 20-D-90 C C Refinery Fixed 33.5 14.6

12805

59 FO Tank HCU FEED 20-D-157 C C Refinery Fixed 36.6 12.2

11572

60 Sour Diesel HCU FEED 20-D-80 B C Refinery

Fixed with

N2

Blanketting

34 12.9

9241

61 IFO IFO 401-T-101 C C Refinery Fixed

62 IFO IFO 401-102 C C Refinery Fixed


62 Document No.

A670-EI-1742-1501 Rev. No. 0

Page 62 of 239

VISAKH REFINERY MODERNIZATION PROJECT OF M/s HINDUSTAN PETROLEUM

CORPORATION LIMITED (HPCL)

CHAPTER – 3

DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT






3.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

INTRODUCTION

This chapter describes the description of the existing environmental status of the study

area with reference to the prominent environmental attributes. The study area covers the

area falling within 10 km radius around the proposed project site i.e. Visakha Refinery.

3.1 AIR ENVIRONMENT

3.1.1 Micrometeorological Data

Both primary and secondary data were collected for this project and compared to

understand the micrometeorological conditions prevailing in the project area. This is

described in the subsequent sections.

3.1.1.1 Primary Data (Data generated at HPCL Refinery Main Entrance Gate)

An automatic weather station was installed at a height of 10 m near HPCL refinery main

entrance gate. Hourly observations were recorded for temperature, humidity, wind

direction, wind speed, solar radiation and rainfall. The data collected for wind speed and

directions are used in computing percentage frequencies (00-07 morning, 08-15 noon, 16-

23 evening & 0-23 hrs) and are depicted in the form of ‘wind roses’ (Fig. 3.1). It was

observed that Wind is predominant from South-West direction. Maximum wind speed was

observed 12 m/s. (Refer Table-3.1)

Table 3.1 : Summarised Primary Meteorological data

(Period: November 2014- January 2015)

Month Avg. Wind

Speed (Kmph)

Temperature (0C) Relative Humidity (%) Total Rain fall

(mm) Min. Max. Avg. Min. Max. Avg.

November 11.0 20.7 33.1 27.2 19.0 97.6 60.3 16.0

December 11.4 17.7 32.2 24.6 24.3 96.7 60.9 10.9

January 9.4 17.9 30.2 24.0 19.0 93.7 65.9 0.0






3.1.1.2 Meteorological data generated in the field

00-07 Hours 08-15 Hours

16-23 Hours 00-23 Hours

Fig. 3.1 : Primary Data-Wind rose (November 2014- January 2015)

3.1.1.3 Secondary Data (IMD, Visakhapatnam)

Secondary data collected from IMD, Visakhapatnam provides the following details. The

monthly mean maximum temperature was recorded 34.10C and the monthly mean






minimum temperature was recorded 20.7oC. Maximum temperatures was recorded in the

month of June representing summer season, where as minimum in the months of

December and January representing winter season. The monthly mean maximum and

minimum humidity levels were recorded 80.0% and 63.0 % respectively. Maximum

humidity levels were recorded in the month of October and minimum humidity levels were

recorded in the months of March. Maximum annual rainfall was 510.8 mm observed in the

month of October (Refer Table 3.2).

As per meteorological observation, Wind speed and directions are recorded only 2 times in

a day viz., 8:30 and 17:30 hrs. The available data was used to draw wind roses based on

the percentage frequency and they are depicted in Fig. 3.2. The predominant wind

direction observed was from SW .The most percentage wind speed is blowing between 3.1

and 4.1 m/s.

Table 3.2 : Monthly Mean values of Meteorological Data for the year, Oct.2013-Sep.2014

Month

Monthly Mean Temperature

(0C)

Monthly Mean

Relative Humidity

(%)

Rainfall

(mm)

Max. Min. Avg. 08:30 hr

October 30.7 24.9 27.8 80 510.8

November 30.3 22.3 26.3 65 183.9

December 29.2 20.7 25.0 64 NIL

January 28.9 20.7 24.8 76 19.3

February 29.3 21 25.2 67 NIL

March 30.8 23.5 27.2 63 NIL

April 32.2 26 29.1 71 2.2

May 32.8 26.5 29.7 72 132.7

June 34.1 27.5 30.8 73 148

July 31.4 25.5 28.5 77 178.8

August 32.1 26.2 29.2 76 289.5

September 31.3 25.6 28.5 78 215.8

1681.0

Source: IMD, Visakhapatnam






Fig. 3.2 : IMD Data for the year, Oct.2013- Nov. 2014

08.30 Hours 17.30 Hours

08.30 & 17.30 Hours

Fig. 3.3 : Meteorological Scenario – Wind Roses

Station:Visakhapatnam (IMD, Visakhapatnam)

Year: Oct.2013-Nov.2014

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

7080

90

Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. April May June July Aug Sep.

Rai

nfal

l in

mm

Tem

pera

ture

. oC

R

H %

Temp. Humidity Rainfall






3.1.2 Selection of AAQ Stations

Ambient Air Quality stations were selected based on the following considerations.

Meteorological conditions on synoptic scale

Topography of the study area

Representation of regional background levels

Representation of plant site

Representation of cross sectional distribution in the downward direction

Influence of the existing sources if any, are to be kept at minimum

Inclusion of major distinct villages to collect the baseline status

The locations and list of monitoring locations selected for baseline data collection in study

area are given in Fig. 3.4 and Table 3.3, respectively. The results of various parameters

collected and analyzed at all the monitoring locations are given in Tables 3.5 to 3.14.






Fig.3.4: Map showing Air monitoring locations in study area of 10 km radius

Table 3.3: List of monitoring locations in study area

Code Location Name Distance Direction

A1 Karasa 2.0 N

A2 Kancherapalem 4.0 NNE

A3 Gajuwaka 3.0 WSW

A4 RTC Bus Stand 5.0 ENE

A5 Main gate HPCL -- --

A6 Narava 4.0 NW

VIZAG REFINERY






3.1.3 AAQ status

PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, HC (Methane & Non Methane) CO, VOC, Benzene and Benzo

(a)pyrene were selected parameters for the Baseline study. Except CO, all the parameters

were analyzed on 24 hourly basis, whereas CO on 8 hourly basis. Sampling was carried

twice a week during 12 weeks study period. All the sampling sites are monitored at a height

ranging from 3-5 m and free from any obstructions. The methodology used for analysis of

various parameters is given below in Table 3.4:

Table 3.4 : Ambient Air Quality – Methodology

3.1.4 Results and Discussions

Various statistical parameters like minimum, maximum, Average and 98th percentile

concentrations have been computed from the data generated during sampling period at all

the sampling stations (Refer Tables 3.5 to 3.14).

PM10 (Particulate Matter)

The 98th percentile concentrations of PM10 ranging from 66 to 102 µg/m3 (Table 3.5).

Minimum concentration is recorded at Narava (40 µg/m3) where man made activities are

comparatively less than other stations. Maximum concentration is found at Gajuwaka (105

µg/m3).Gajuwaka is an urban area and NH5 is also passing through this area. A few

industries are also located in Gajuwaka. Hence the highest concentration in this area can

be attributed to industrial, and industrial allied activities,

Pollutant Method of analysis

Du

st PM10 Particulate Matter Gravimetric method (RDS), CPCB

PM2.5 Particulate Matter Gravimetric method (FDS), CPCB

Gas

es

SO2 Sulfur Dioxide Improved West and Geake Method, CPCB

NOX Nitrous Oxide Jacob &Hochheiser Modified (Na

HC Hydrocarbons (Non Methane) GC Method-IS 5182 (Part 21) :2001

HC Hydrocarbons ( Methane) GC Method-IS 5182 (Part 17) :1979

CO Carbon monoxide GC method-IS 5182 (Part 10) :1999

C6H6 Benzene GC method-IS 5182 (Part 11) :2006

VOC Volatile Organic Compounds GC Method – EPA 21 PID

Benzo (a)Pyrene GC Method (Solvent Extraction followed by GC)






vehicular movement. Other than this station, PM concentrations of other stations found

well within the NAAQS limits of PM10 (100 µg/m3 24 hourly) .

Table 3.5 : Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results

Name of the pollutant: Particulate Matter (PM10) (µg/m3)

No. Location Min. Max. Avg. 98th Percentile

1 Karassa 50 69 60 69

2 Kancherapalem 62 86 73 85

3 Gajuwaka 69 105 86 102

4 RTC bus stand 64 95 84 94

5 Maingate HPCL 60 73 67 73

6 Narava 40 66 55 66

PM2.5 (Particulate Matter)

The 98th percentile concentration of PM2.5 ranges from 39 to 67 µg/m3 (Table 3.6).

Minimum concentration is recorded at Narava (20 µg/m3). Maximum concentration is found

at Gajuwaka (68 µg/m3). The concentration of PM2.5 is found to be well within the NAAQS

limit of PM2.5 (60 µg/m3 24 hourly) at all locations except Gajuwaka (67 µg/m3) and RTC

bus stand (65 µg/m3).


Name of the pollutant: Particulate Matter (PM2.5) (µg/m3)


1 Karassa 28 46 38 45

2 Kancherapalem 30 54 40 53

3 Gajuwaka 39 68 52 67

4 RTC bus stand 36 65 47 65

5 Maingate HPCL 30 43 37 43

6 Narava 20 39 29 39






Fig.3.5 : Graphical Representation of PM10 & PM2.5

SO2 (Sulphur Dioxide)

The 98th percentile concentration of SO2 ranges from 9.4 to 18.8 µg/m3 (Table 3.7).

Maximum concentration of 19 µg/m3 is found at Main gate HPCL which could be attributed

to regular movement of vehicles and other refinery process activities. All the maximum

results monitored at various sampling stations were found to be below NAAQS. (80 µg/m3

24 hourly)


Name of the pollutant: Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) (µg/m3)


1 Karassa 8.7 12.4 10.5 11.9

2 Kancherapalem 10.8 15.4 13.1 15.3

3 Gajuwaka 12.4 17.0 15.0 16.9

4 RTC bus stand 11.7 18.4 15.4 18.2

5 Maingate HPCL 14.8 19.0 16.4 18.8

6 Narava 6.3 9.6 7.9 9.4

NO2 (Oxides of Nitrogen)

The 98th percentile concentration of NO2 ranges from 11.3 to 22.7 µg/m3 (Table 3.8).

Minimum concentration is recorded at Narava (9.3 µg/m3) where man made activities are

comparatively less. Maximum concentration is found at Gajuwka (23.6 µg/m3) which may

be attributed due to release of emissions from the diesel vehicles moving






near the gajuwaka main area. The concentration of NO2 is found to be well within the

NAAQS limits (80 µg/m3 24 hourly) at all monitoring locations.


Name of the pollutant: Oxides of Nitrogen (NO2) (µg/m3)


1 Karassa 13.7 16.7 15.2 16.7

2 Kancherapalem 13.5 19.6 16.7 19.6

3 Gajuwaka 15.0 23.6 19.2 22.7

4 RTC bus stand 16.6 22.7 19.7 22.5

5 Maingate HPCL 16.2 21.5 19.4 21.3

6 Narava 9.3 11.4 10.3 11.3

Fig.3.6 : Graphical Representation of SO2 & NO2

CO (Carbon Monoxide)

The 98th percentile concentration of CO ranges from 0.58 to 2.34 mg/m3 (Table 3.9).

Minimum concentration is recorded at (0.16 mg/m3) where man made activities are

comparatively less. Maximum concentration is found at RTC bus stand (2.36 mg/m3).The

major cause of CO emissions is regular vehicular moments along the major roads near to

the bus stand and all vehicles gathered at the bus stop.






The concentration of CO is found to be well within the NAAQS limits except at RTC bus

stand and Main gate HPCL (2 mg/m3 - 8 hourly).


Name of the pollutant: Carbon Monoxide (CO) (mg/m3)


1 Karassa 0.18 1.32 0.42 1.18

2 Kancherapalem 0.36 1.21 0.75 1.20

3 Gajuwaka 0.38 1.96 0.90 1.34

4 RTC bus stand 0.95 2.36 1.61 2.29

5 Main gate HPCL 1.12 2.42 1.79 2.34

6 Narava 0.16 0.63 0.36 0.58

Fig.3.7 : Graphical Representation of CO

Hydrocarbons (Methane)

The 98th percentile concentration of Hydrocarbons (Methane) ranges from 1.66 to 2.69

ppm (Table 3.10).Minimum concentration is recorded at Karassa with the concentration of

1.05 ppm where as maximum concentration is recorded at Main gate HPCL with the

concentration of 3.36 ppm.







Name of the pollutant: Hydrocarbons (HC) Methane (ppm)

S


1 Karassa 1.05 1.68 1.43 1.66

2 Kancherapalem 1.35 2.19 1.84 2.18

3 Gajuwaka 1.50 2.64 2.21 2.69

4 RTC bus stand 1.52 2.55 2.16 2.53

5 Main gate HPCL 1.53 3.36 2.19 2.62

6 Narava 1.32 2.12 1.83 2.12

Hydrocarbons (Non Methane)

The 98th percentile concentration of Hydrocarbons (Non-Methane) ranges from 0.25 to

0.72 ppm. (Table 3.11). Minimum concentration was recorded at RTC bus stand with the

concentration of 0.09 ppm where as maximum concentration was recorded at HPCL main

gate with the concentration of 0.74 ppm respectively.

Table 3.11 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results

Name of the pollutant : Hydrocarbons (HC) Non Methane (ppm)


1 Karassa 0.27 0.59 0.43 0.57

2 Kancherapalem 0.28 0.64 0.44 0.60

3 Gajuwaka 0.26 0.65 0.43 0.61

4 RTC bus stand 0.09 0.26 0.17 0.25

5 Maingate HPCL 0.38 0.74 0.55 0.72

6 Narava 0.29 0.59 0.45 0.59

Benzene

The 98th percentile concentration of Benzene ranges from 1.18 to 4.49 µg/m3. Minimum

concentration was recorded at Narava with the concentration of 0.14 µg/m3 where as

maximum concentration was recorded at RTC bus stand with the concentrations of 4.69

µg/m3 respectively (Table 3.12). The maximum concentration is attributed due to vehicular

emissions occurred at the bus stand.







Name of the pollutant: Benzene (µg/m3)


1 Karassa 0.34 1.20 0.73 1.19

2 Kancherapalem 0.68 1.62 0.97 1.62

3 Gajuwaka 1.23 4.40 2.72 4.30

4 RTC bus stand 2.33 4.69 3.36 4.49

5 Maingate HPCL 2.10 4.14 3.21 4.06

6 Narava 0.14 1.20 0.71 1.18

Benzo (a) pyrene

Benzo (a) pyrene is detected only at two locations: Gajuwaka and Main Gate HPCL. At

Remaining other locations, it has been found to be Below Detectable Limit (BDL). (Table

3.13)


Name of the pollutant: Benzo (a) Pyrene (ng/m3)


3 Gajuwaka 0.19 0.53 0.34 0.52

5 Main gate HPCL 0.25 0.51 0.40 0.51

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC)

The 98th percentile concentration of VOC ranges from 25.0 to 66.1 µg/m3. Minimum

concentration is recorded same (10.0 µg/m3) both at Karassa and Narava stations, where

as maximum concentrations were recorded at RTC bus stand with the concentration of

68.0 µg/m3 (Table 3.14). VOC emissions could be attributed due to

vehicular moments and evaporative loss of liquids generated from vicinity of some fuel

storage tanks.







Name of the pollutant : VOC (µg/m3)


1 Karassa 10.0 30.0 17.6 27.7

2 Kancherapalem 12.0 30.0 20.2 30.0

3 Gajuwaka 22.0 42.0 30.3 41.0

4 RTC bus stand 45.0 68.0 56.6 66.1

5 Maingate HPCL 16.0 50.0 35.7 49.0

6 Narava 10.0 26.0 17.5 25.0

3.2 NOISE ENVIRONMENT

Noise may be defined as “undesired type of sound which is composed of many frequency

components of various loudness distributed over the audible frequency ranges”.

Construction and plant operations, vehicular traffic, aircraft, population growth and

urbanization etc., are the general objectionable noises in terms of health or annoyance.

The concern about noise is directly related to its negative impacts upon human and

animals viz., permanent or temporary hearing loss, speech interference and health

impacts, harm to animals, effect on productivity of domestic animals, vibration of walls and

windows etc., A determination is made of the micro scale impact by predicting anticipated

noise levels for each alternative during both construction and operational phases.

Predicted noise levels are compared with applicable standards or criteria in order to

assess the impact.

Various noise scales have been introduced to describe, a single number, the response of

an average human to a complex sound made up of various frequencies at different loud

levels. The most commonly and a lot preferred of these scales is a weighted decibel

(dBA). This scale has been designed to weigh the various components of noise according

to the response of the human ear.

The impact of noise sources on surroundings community depends on characteristics of the

noise sources includes instantaneous, intermittent and continuous ones. It is well known

that a steady noise is not as annoying one that is continuously varying in loudness. The






time of day at which noise occurs, for example loud noise levels at night in residential

areas are not acceptable because of sleep disturbance.

The location of the noise source, with respect to noise sensitive land use, which

determines the loudness and period of noise exposure.

3.2.1 Impact Assessment of Noise Environment

Total 4 locations were identified in the study area for noise measurement keeping in view

the various local activities such as residential, commercial, sensitive and industrial

activities .Hourly noise measurements were made twice in a month for 12 weeks study

period.

Traffic has indirect impact on noise. Hence traffic data was also collected at 4 locations.

Hourly traffic measurements were made twice in a month for 12 weeks study period. The

recorded traffic data is used to compute Passenger Car Unit (PCU) for comparison

purpose.

All the locations from where the noise monitoring and traffic data are collected in the study

area are provided in Fig. 3.8 and Fig. 3.9, respectively.






Fig. 3.8 : Map showing Noise monitoring locations in study area of 10 km radius


N1 Karasa 2.0 N

N2 Yarada park 1.0 SW

N3 Gajuwaka 3.0 WSW

N4 Autonagar 4.0 W

VIZAG REFINERY






3.2.2 Methodology of Noise measurement

For Noise levels measured over a given period of time interval, it is possible to describe

important features of noise using statistical quantities. This is calculated using the percent

of the time as certain noise levels are exceeding the time interval. The notations for the

statistical quantities of noise level are given below:

L10 is the noise level exceeded 10% of the time

L50 is the noise level exceeded 50% of the time and

L90 is the noise level exceeded 90% of the time

Equivalent Sound Pressure Level (Leq

The Leq is the equivalent continuous sound level, which is equivalent to the same sound

energy as the actual fluctuating sound measured in the same period. This is necessary

because sound from noise source often fluctuates widely during a given period of time.

This is calculated from the following equation

Leq=L50+ (L10–L90)2/60

Lday is defined as the equivalent noise level measured over a period of time during day (6

am to 10 pm). Lnight is defined as the equivalent noise level measured over a period of time

during night (10 pm to 6 am).

A noise rating developed by Environment Protection Agency, USEPA for specification of

community noise from all the sources is Day-Night Sound Level, (Ldn).

Hourly noise recorded data and Lday values (16 hours) Lnight (8 hours) and Ldn (24 hours)

are computed and tabulated.






Day–Night Sound levels (Ldn):

The noise rating developed for community noise from all sources is the Day-Night Sound

Level (Ldn). It is similar to a 24 hr equivalent sound level except that during

night time period (10 pm to 6 am) A 10 dB (A) weighting penalty is added to the

instantaneous sound level before computing the 24 hr average.

This is time penalty is added to account for the fact that noise during night when people

usually sleep is judged as more annoying than the same noise during the daytime.

The Ldn for a given location in a community may be calculated from the hourly Leq by the

following equation.

Ldn = 10 log {1/24 [16(10 Ld/10) + 8 (10 (Ln + 10) /10)] }

Where Ld is the equivalent sound level during the day time (6 am to 10 pm) and Ln is the

equivalent sound level during the night time (10 pm to 6 am).

3.2.3 Results and Discussions

Noise levels during night time (Lnight.) ranges from 40.4 to 48.4 dBA. Noise levels during

day time (Lday.) ranges from 53.4 to 62.6 dBA. The minimum noise levels 40.4 dBA is

recorded at Karassa which may be due to rural land use pattern and minimal domestic

activities. It is also observed that higher noise levels are recorded during day time at Auto

nagar (62.6 dB (A)). This may be due to industrial activities and regular vehicular

movement occurred in the respective area. Results are compared with standards of Noise

Level and are depicted in Table 3.15 and Table 3.16 below.

Table 3.15 : Ambient Air Quality Standards in respect of Noise

Area Code Category of Area/Zone Limits in dB(A) Leq

Day Time

(06:00 to 22:00 hrs)

Night Time

(22:00 to 06:00 hrs)

A Industrial area 75 70

B Commercial area 65 55

C Residential area 55 45

D Silence Zone 50 40






Table 3.16 : Hourly Noise data (Day and Night timings in Leq dB (A))

(Twice in a month during 3 months study period)

Code Lday Lnight Lday Lnight Lday Lnight

November December January

01st Time Monitoring

N1 54.1 40.6 54.5 40.7 53.4 40.4

N2 58.2 44.6 58.1 42.7 58.0 42.9

N3 60.3 45.5 59.6 44.1 60.5 47.0

N4 62.6 47.3 61.2 45.0 61.6 48.4

02nd Time Monitoring

N1 54.8 40.8 54.0 40.6 52.1 41.1

N2 58.0 43.4 57.9 42.9 59.1 44.0

N3 60.1 44.7 59.5 45.3 60.4 46.7

N4 61.1 46.6 61.0 47.5 63.6 49.0

Code Location Code Location

N1 Karassa Residential N3 Gajuwaka Commercial

N2 Yarada park Commercial N4 Auto nagar Industrial

3.2.4 Traffic Density

Hourly traffic measurements were made at 4 locations in study area twice in one month in

12 week study period. The number of each type of vehicles (passenger cars, LMV, HMV,

etc) were recorded and the traffic density has been expressed in terms of Passenger Car

Units (PCU) in Table 3.17. It has been observed that traffic volume is higher at NAD

Junction followed by NH-5.

Equivalent value of PCU:

Heavy Motar Vehicles (HMV) – 1 HMV = 3 PCU

Low Motar Vehicles (LMV) _ 1 LMV = 1 PCU

Two wheelers (TW) -- 1 TW = 1 PCU






Fig. 3.9 : Map Showing Traffic locations in study area of 10 km radius


T1 NH-5 3.0 WSW

T2 GNT Road 1.0 S

T3 Toll Gate Near GAIL 3.8 NW

T4 NAD Junction towards Vizag City 3.8 NW

VIZAG REFINERY






Table 3.17 : Traffic data

(Twice in a month during 3 months study period)

Code Average (PCU)

November December January

T1 2773 2829 2756 2695 2747 2630

T2 366 375 367 354 321 358

T3 134 139 130 121 114 116

T4 3008 2937 2860 2897 2903 2927

3.3 WATER ENVIRONMENT

Water of high quality is essential to human life, and water of acceptable quality is essential

for agricultural, industrial, domestic and commercial uses; in addition, most recreation is

water based; therefore, major activities having potential effects on surface water are

certain to be of appreciable concern to the consumers.

Studies on Water Environment aspects of ecosystem is important for Environmental

Impact Assessment to identify sensitive issues and take appropriate action by maintaining

‘ecological homeostasis’ in the early stages of development of the project. The objective of

this report is to define the present environment in which the proposed action is to occur, to

evaluate all possible eventualities, to ensure that all negative impacts are minimized, and

to demonstrate that proposed project has been appropriately announced to all interested

parties so that their concerns can be considered.

3.3.1 Sample collection and Methodology of analysis

The water resource in the study area may be classified into two major categories. viz,

surface and subsurface sources.

Water samples were collected at total 6 locations, out of which 3 samples from subsurface

water sources and 3 samples from surface sources, for physico-chemical and biological

studies. All the samples were analyzed for parameters such as hardness, alkalinity, salts,

conductivity, inorganic substance, heavy metals, coliforms etc. Parameters like pH,

conductivity, temperature and DO were analyzed at the time

of collection in the field. These parameters were analyzed as per the procedures specified

in ‘Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater’ published by American

Public Health Association (APHA). Ground water samples results were compared with IS:






10500 specification and surface water samples results were compared with CPCB Water

Quality Criteria,

Both Subsurface and surface samples collected monthly once during total 3 months of

study period. All the locations of water monitoring are shown in Fig. 3.10 and are detailed

in Table 3.18.

Table 3.18 : Water Sampling Locations in study area

Code Name of the location Ground / Surface

GW1 Kakani Nagar Ground

GW2 Sheela Nagar Ground

GW3 Srinagar Ground

SW1 Megadri gedda Surface

SW2 2 km distance after mixing of

HPCL Effluent at Rivulet

Surface

SW3 Project Inside Surface

Method of Water Sampling

The following precautions were taken while sampling:

Washing the bottles/cans with distilled water prior to the sampling

Before collection of water the bottles/cans are again washed 2-3 times with the same

water

For surface water, Bottles were lowered to a minimum depth of 30 cm below water

surface

At each point Different sets of water samples were collected so as to cover all the

parameters

Meticulous attention is taken in proper numbering at the site

Sterilized bottles were used for the samples that are to be analyzed for bacteria

Civil supply water pipeline taps are sterilized before collection for bacteriological

analysis

Parameters like pH, conductivity and temperature were analyzed in the field

conditions. There are specific instruments for measuring EC and pH in the field.

These are portable. These instruments will be calibrated at laboratory before use.






The results were reconfirmed after getting to the laboratory. DO is fixed and titrated

in the field itself.

Appropriate preservatives are added, depending upon the elements to be analyzed

and marked accordingly (APHA 22t Edition 2005 IS: 3025 (part I) 1987

All the water samples collected in the ice box, were immediately transported to the

laboratory and free zed at <5oC analysis.

Field observations were noted in the field notebook.

The methods used for analysis of water samples are provided below in Table 3.19.

Table 3.19 : Methods of analysis of water samples

Parameters Detection

limit

Instrument

Method Instruments used IS Method

Physico-chemical

pH 1 pH meter pH electrode IS 3025 (part-

11)

Electrical

Conductivity 1 µmhos/cm

Field Method

Laboratory method

Tracer

Conductivity meter

IS 3025 (part-

14)

Temperature 10C Tracer Thermometer APHA, page

25-26

Turbidity 1NTU Nephelometric

method Turbidity meter

IS 3025 (part-

10)

Total

Suspended

Solids

0.1 mg/l Filtration &

Evaporation Balance

IS 3025 (part-

19)

Total

Dissolved

Solids

0.1 mg/l Evaporation

method Balance

IS 3025 (part-

16)

Total

Alkalinity 1 mg/l Titration Method Burettes

IS 3025 (part-

23)

Total

Hardness 1 mg/l

EDTA Titrimetric

method Burettes

IS 3025 (part-

21)

Ca Hardness 1 mg/l EDTA Titrimetric

method Burettes

IS 3025 (part-

21)

Mg Hardness 1 mg/l EDTA Titrimetric

method Burettes

IS 3025 (part-

21)






Chlorides 0.5mg/l Argentometric

method Burettes

IS 3025 (part-

32)

Sulphates 1 mg/l Nephelometric

method Turbidity meter

IS 3025 (part-

24)

Sodium 1 mg/l Flame photometric

method Flame photometer

IS 3025 (part-

45)

Potassium 1 mg/l Flame photometric

method Flame photometer

IS 3025 (part-

45)

Copper 0.02mg/l

Atomic Absorption

Spectrophotometer

method

Atomic Absorption

Spectrophotometer

IS 3025 (part-

42)

Manganese 0.02mg/l APHA, AAS

Nickel 0.05 IS 3025 (part-

48)

Iron 0.05 APHA, AAS

Cadmium 0.01

Lead 0.05mg/l IS 3025 (part-

47)

Zinc 0.01mg/l IS 3025 (part-

49)

Chromium 0.1mg/l APHA

Total

Phosphates 0.1 mg/l

U.V.Spectrophoto

metric Spectrophotometer

IS 3025 (part-

31)

Phosphorus 0.01 mg/l U.V.Spectrophoto

metric Spectrophotometer

IS 3025 (part-

31)

Dissolved

Oxygen 0.1mg/l Winkler's method Burettes

IS 3025 (part-

38)

COD 4 mgO2/l Open reflux

method COD digester APHA

BOD5, mg/l 1 mgO2/l Dilution & DO by

Winkler's BOD bottles

IS 3025 (part-

44)

Bacteriological

Total

Coliforms 3MPN/100ml MPN method Microscope APHA






Fig. 3.10 : Map Showing Ground and Sub-Surface Water Sampling Locations in study

area of 10 km radius

Codes Locations Distance Direction

GW1 Kakani Nagar 5 SW

GW2 Sheela nagar 4.2 NW

GW3 Srinagar 2.7 WSW

SW1 Megadri gedda reservoir 4.5 NW

SW2 2 km distance after mixing of HPCL

Effluent at Rivulet

3 NE

SW3 Project Inside -- --

VIZAG REFINERY






3.3.2 Results & Discussions

3.3.2.1 Ground water Quality

There are 3 ground water samples collected.

pH values are ranging from 7.23 to 8.04, which was found to be well within the IS 10500

limits. Hardness values are ranging from 180 to 560 mg/l. Minimum value is observed at

Sheela Nagar which is well within the desirable limits (300 mg/l) where as remaining 2

ground water samples) were exceeding the desirable limits.

Chlorides concentrations are ranging from 60 to 314 mg/l. Maximum chloride

concentration was observed at Sheela Nagar which is exceeding desirable limits (250

mg/l). It was observed that maximum all the locations ground water is slightly saline in

nature.

Sulphates concentration was observed in the range of 90 to 230 mg/l. Maximum sulphate

concentration was observed at Srinagar which is exceeding the desirable limits (200 mg/l).

Total dissolved solids observed between 1118 and 1397 mg/l. TDS values for all the

ground water samples were exceeding the desirable limits (500 mg/l).

All the heavy metals concentration were found to be well within limits except iron which is

exceeding the IS 10500 limits.

Surface water Quality

Three surface water samples are collected, out of which 2 surface water samples

(Mehadrigedda & Inside project site) falls under the B category as per CPCB water quality

criteria. Whereas sample collected at 2 km distance after mixing of HPCL Effluent at

Rivulet falls under E category.

Water quality criteria for surface water is given in Table 3.20 below.






Table 3.20 : Water Quality Criteria for Surface waters

All the results of analysis of Ground Water and Surface Water are detailed below from Tables

3.21 to 3.26.

Designated-Best-Use Class Criteria

Drinking Water Source

without conventional

treatment but after

disinfection

A

Total Coliforms Organism MPN/100ml shall

be 50 or less

pH between 6.5 and 8.5

Dissolved Oxygen 6 mg/l or more

Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5 days 20°C

2 mg/l or less

Outdoor bathing

(Organized) B


be 500 or less pH between 6.5 and 8.5



3 mg/l or less

Drinking water source

after conventional

treatment and

disinfection

C


be 5000 or less pH between 6 to 9



3 mg/l or less

Propagation of Wild life

and Fisheries D

pH between 6.5 to 8.5 Dissolved Oxygen 4

mg/l or more

Free Ammonia (as N) 1.2 mg/l or less

Irrigation, Industrial

Cooling, Controlled

Waste disposal

E

pH between 6.0 to 8.5

Electrical Conductivity at 25°C micro

mhos/cm Max.2250

Sodium absorption Ratio Max. 26

Boron Max. 2 mg/l

Below-E Not Meeting A, B, C, D & E Criteria






Table 3.21 : Water Quality - Physico-chemical Analysis of Ground Water

Month: November (05.11.2014)

Parameter Units Ground Water IS 10500

GW1 GW2 GW3 Desirable Permissible

pH -- 7.36 8.04 7.3 6.5-8.5 NS

Temperature 0C 21 22 22 NS NS

Turbidity NTU 4.6 1.8 3.4 5 10

Total Suspended Solids mg/l 12 2 6 NS NS

Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 1189 1397 1118 500 2000

Total Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 580 540 340 200 600

Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l 512 180 544 200 600

Ca Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l 168 68 288 NS NS

Mg Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l 344 112 256 NS NS

Chlorides as Cl mg/l 60 314 195 250 1000

Sulphates as SO4 mg/l 192 90 218 200 400

Sodium as Na mg/l 156 408 132 NS NS

Potassium as K mg/l 8 4 10 NS NS

Nitrates as NO3 mg/l 0.9 0.6 1.1 45 45

Total Phosphates as PO4 mg/l 0.14 0.26 0.1 NS NS

Total Phosphorus as P mg/l 0.04 0.08 0.03 NS NS

Nickel as Ni mg/l <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 NS NS

Cadmium as Cd mg/l BDL BDL BDL 0.003 0.003

Chromium as Cr mg/l BDL BDL BDL 0.05 0.05

Copper as Cu mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.05 1.5

Lead as Pb mg/l BDL BDL BDL 0.01 0.01

Iron as Fe mg/l 1.95 1.78 1.84 0.3 1.0

Manganese as Mn mg/l 1.12 1.08 1.16 0.1 3.0

Zinc as Zn mg/l 0.40 0.04 0.22 5 15

DO mgO2/l 3.8 4.1 4.3 NS NS

COD mgO2/l 4 <4 <4 NS NS

BOD mgO2/l 2 <1 <1 NS NS

Total Coliforms MPN/100ml Absent Absent Absent

NS NS

BDL: Below Detectable Limit

Codes Locations

GW1 Kakani Nagar

GW2 Sheela Nagar

GW3 Srinagar






Table 3.22 : Water Quality - Physico-chemical Analysis of Surface Water

Month: November (05.11.2014)

Parameter Units Surface Water Limits

IS 2296 (Class A) SW1 SW2 SW3

pH -- 7.83 7.14 7.94 8.5

Temperature 0C 23.2 24.5 23 NS

Turbidity NTU 5.2 7.6 3.5 NS

Total Suspended Solids mg/l 16 28 14 NS

Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 272 13198 215 500

Total Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 110 1000 108 NS

Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l 128 2480 110 300

Ca Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l 64 540 52 NS

Mg Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l 64 1940 58 NS

Chlorides as Cl mg/l 60 6110 35 250

Sulphates as SO4 mg/l 16 480 8 400

Sodium as Na mg/l 36 3490 26 NS

Potassium as K mg/l 4 62 1 NS

Nitrates as NO3 mg/l 4.3 12.8 5.2 20

Total Phosphates as PO4 mg/l 0.34 0.86 0.26 NS

Total Phosphorus as P mg/l 0.11 0.27 0.08 NS

Nickel as Ni mg/l <0.02 0.02 <0.02 NS

Cadmium as Cd mg/l 0.003 0.042 0.003 0.01

Chromium as Cr mg/l <0.01 0.01 <0.01 0.05

Copper as Cu mg/l <0.01 0.015 <0.01 1.5

Lead as Pb mg/l <0.01 0.49 <0.01 0.1

Iron as Fe mg/l 1.10 0.79 1.55 0.3

Manganese as Mn mg/l 0.04 0.07 0.05 0.5

Zinc as Zn mg/l 0.06 0.38 0.37 15

DO mgO2/l 5.2 2.8 5.4 6

COD mgO2/l 8 410 4 NS

BOD mgO2/l 2 160 1 2

Total Coliforms MPN/100ml 52 536 65 50

Codes Locations

SW1 Mehadrigedda

SW2 2 km distance after mixing of HPCL Effluent at Rivulet

SW3 Project inside







Month: December (03.12.2014)



pH -- 7.42 7.95 7.23 6.5-8.5 NS

Temperature 0C 22.1 21.6 23.0 NS NS


















Copper as Cu mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.05 1.5


Iron as Fe mg/l 1.72 1.65 1.79 0.3 1.0


Zinc as Zn mg/l 0.32 0.06 0.19 5 15

DO mgO2/l 4.2 4.3 4.5 NS NS

COD mgO2/l <4 <4 <4 NS NS

BOD mgO2/l <1 <1 <1 NS NS

Total Coliforms MPN/100ml Absent Absent Absent NS NS


Codes Locations

GW1 Kakani Nagar

GW2 Sheela Nagar

GW3 Srinagar







Month: December (03.12.2014)



pH -- 7.76 7.19 7.78 8.5

Temperature 0C 23.5 23.8 22.4 NS
















Cadmium as Cd mg/l 0.003 0.039 0.002 0.01


Copper as Cu mg/l <0.01 0.012 <0.01 1.5

Lead as Pb mg/l <0.01 0.45 <0.01 0.1

Iron as Fe mg/l 1.16 0.72 1.25 0.3


Zinc as Zn mg/l 0.08 0.34 0.30 15

DO mgO2/l 5.6 3.2 5.0 6

COD mgO2/l 6 380 4 NS

BOD mgO2/l 2 142 1 2

Total Coliforms MPN/100ml 44 420 58

50


Codes Locations

SW1 Mehadrigedda


SW3 Project inside







Month: January (07.01.2015)



pH -- 7.39 7.86 7.68 6.5-8.5 NS

Temperature 0C 21.6 21.3 22.2 NS NS


















Copper as Cu mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.05 1.5


Iron as Fe mg/l 1.76 1.54 1.68 0.3 1.0


Zinc as Zn mg/l 0.26 0.15 0.23 5 15

DO mgO2/l 4.5 5.3 4.8 NS NS

COD mgO2/l <4 <4 <4 NS NS

BOD mgO2/l <1 <1 <1 NS NS

Total Coliforms MPN/100ml Absent Absent Absent

NS NS


Codes Locations

GW1 Kakani Nagar

GW2 Sheela Nagar

GW3 Srinagar







Month: January (07.01.2015)



pH -- 7.59 7.23 7.69 8.5

Temperature 0C 23.0 22.9 22.0 NS
















Cadmium as Cd mg/l <0.003 0.041 <0.003 0.01


Copper as Cu mg/l <0.01 0.010 <0.01 1.5

Lead as Pb mg/l <0.01 0.47 <0.01 0.1

Iron as Fe mg/l 1.14 0.80 1.36 0.3


Zinc as Zn mg/l 0.12 0.32 0.30 15

DO mgO2/l 6.0 3.5 5.2 6

COD mgO2/l 4 344 <4 NS

BOD mgO2/l 2 128 <1 2

Total Coliforms MPN/100ml 40 516 50

50

Codes Locations

SW1 Mehadrigedda


SW3 Project inside






3.4 LAND ENVIRONMENT

Studies on land and biological aspects of ecosystem is important for Environmental Impact

Assessment to identify sensitive issues and take appropriate action by maintaining

‘ecological homeostasis’ in the early stages of development of the project. The objective of

Land Environment study is to define the present environment in which the proposed action

is to occur, to evaluate all the possible eventualities, to ensure that all negative impacts

are minimized.

3.4.1 Methodology of sample collection and analysis

Total 4 samples are collected from study area to understand the Physico-chemical and

biological status of the existing soil in the region. This will establish the baseline

characteristics of the region and shall facilitate in identifying the contamination ( if any) due

to the proposed expansion project.

The step by step method of sampling (as per ISO 1038 on collection, handling and

storage) is given below:

Selection of site

A visual survey of the field is made in slope, texture, and cropping pattern.

The collection site is demarcated into uniform portions, each of which sampled

separately.

Details of vegetation cover and of chemical and biological additions or accidental

contamination are recorded.

Sampling is made during normal environmental conditions.

Collection

Surface layer is scrapped to avoid surface vegetation, litter, visible roots and soil

fauna.

The samples are designated according to the sampling area, unit and horizons.

A sample hole at a depth of 15cm is dug to collect 2 kg of soil for physico-chemical

analyses.






Transportation conditions

Soil is packed in a dark polythene bags for transportation to avoid changes in water

content.

Sample processing

Samples are dried in hot air cabinet (at 800C).

After drying, soils are sieved through 2mm size sieve to remove pebbles, gravels,

stones and plant debris.

Then the soil is crushed to fine particles for further analyses.

Storage of samples

If further storage is required, then the samples are kept at dark at 40C ± 20C with

free access of air or in a loosely tied plastic bag.

All the chemical parameters were analyzed as per ‘Soil analyses’ by Jackson, 1994

and ISO Standards Compendium ‘Environmental Soil Quality’.

A map showing all the soil sampling locations in study area is provided below in Fig. 3.11.






Fig. 3.11 : Map Showing Soil Sampling Locations in study area of 10 km radius

Code Station Name Distance Direction

S1 Sheela nagar 4.2 NW

S2 Yarada Park 1.0 SW

S3 Industrial Estate 3.0 WSW

S4 Srinagar 2.7 WSW

VIZAG REFINERY






3.4.2 Soil Data analysis

Results of Soil samples analyzed for all the 4 sampling sites along with the general

standards of soil classification is given Table 3.27 , 3.28 & 3.29.

3.4.2.1 Results and discussion

The texture of the soil is mostly Sandy clay loam. Soil particle size directly involves

in deciding soil texture, porosity and infiltration capacity.

The bulk density of the soil is varied from 1.38 to 1.54 g/cc. Its shows the infiltration

rate is medium.

The pH of the soils is varied from 7.56 to 8.05 shows basic in nature.

The EC levels are average and not harmful to germination.

The nitrogen levels found to be satisfactory as it ranges 160 to 346 kg/ha.

Phosphorus level found to be medium where as Potassium is found to be deficient

in soils and demands fertilization.






Table 3.27 : Physicochemical Parameters of the soil

Sampling Period: November 2014

No Parameters Units S1 S2 S3 S4

1 Type of Soil -- alluvial

soil

alluvial soil alluvial

soil

alluvial

soil

2 pH -- 7.64 7.65 8.05 7.61

3 Bulk Density g/cc 1.54 1.38 1.38 1.44

4 Porosity % 41 38 41 42

5 Soil Texture --

Sandy

Clay

Loam

Sandy

Clay Loam

Sandy

Clay

Loam

Sandy

Clay

Loam

6 Sand % 62 76 70 74

7 Silt % 4.2 8.3 4.4 2.7

8 Clay % 33.8 15.7 25.6 23.3

9 Organic Matter % 0.86 3.4 1.11 1.17

10 SAR meq/100g 3.97 0.92 0.84 3.22

11 Specific Gravity g/cc 1.52 1.38 1.41 1.62

12 Electrical Conductivity µmhos/cm 207 82.9 126 188

13 Nitrogen as N Kg/Ha 160 346 211 222

14 Phosphorous as P2O5 Kg/Ha 18 34 22 24

15 Potassium as K2O Kg/Ha 105 94 76 110

Note: SAR: Sodium Adsorption Ratio

Code Station Name Code Station Name

S1 Sheela nagar S3 Industrial Estate

S2 Yarada Park S4 Srinagar






Table 3.28 : Physicochemical Parameters of the soil

Sampling Period: December, 2014

No Parameters Units S1 S2 S3 S4

1 Type of Soil -- alluvial

soil

alluvial soil alluvial

soil

alluvial

soil

2 pH -- 7.56 7.69 7.90 7.52

3 Bulk Density g/cc 1.49 1.41 1.42 1.51

4 Porosity % 43 40 39 41

5 Soil Texture --

Sandy

Clay

Loam

Sandy

Clay Loam

Sandy

Clay

Loam

Sandy

Clay

Loam

6 Sand % 62.5 75 73 69.4

7 Silt % 4.4 8.4 5.4 6.6

8 Clay % 33.1 16.6 21.6 24.0

9 Organic Matter % 0.92 2.2 1.32 1.21

10 SAR meq/100g 2.11 0.92 0.92 2.81

11 Specific Gravity g/cc 1.52 1.38 1.41 1.62

12 Electrical Conductivity µmhos/cm 217 99.3 119 184

13 Nitrogen as N Kg/Ha 168 332 233 236

14 Phosphorous as P2O5 Kg/Ha 21 30 28 27

15 Potassium as K2O Kg/Ha 99 96 79 106

Note: SAR: Sodium Adsorption Ratio

Code Station Name

S1 Sheela nagar

S2 Yarada Park

S3 Industrial Estate

S4 Srinagar






Table 3.29: Standards: Concentration of Soil

Parameter Units Concentration Level

Electrical

conductivity (mS/cm)

Up to 1.00 Average

1.00-2.00 Harmful to germination

2.01-3.00 Harmful to Crops

pH --

<4.5 Very low

4.5 – 6.0 Low (Acidic)

6.0 – 7.0 Moderate (Normal)

7.0 – 8.3 High (Weakly alkaline)

>8.3 Very High (Alkaline)

Nitrogen (N) (kg/ha)

<100 Low

>100-150 Good

>150-300 Better

Phosphorus (P2O5) (kg/ha)

00-20 Low

>20-50 Medium

>50-80 High

Potassium (K2O) (kg/ha)

00-150 Low

151-300 Medium

>300 High

Organic Carbon (%)

<0.4 Low

0.4-0.5 Medium

0.51-0.8 Average

2 Preferred

Arsenic (mg/kg) <20 Preferred

Boron (mg/kg) 0.5-4 Preferred

Cadmium (mg/kg) <1 Preferred

Copper (mg/kg) 2.0-50 Preferred

Lead (mg/kg) <35 Preferred

Mercury (mg/kg) <1 Preferred

Selinium (mg/kg) >10 Preferred

Sulphur (mg/kg) 20 Preferred

Zinc (mg/kg) 1-200 Preferred

Ca:Mg ratio (meq/100g) 3 Preferred

Exchangeable

Sodium Percentage (%)

<6.0 Non – Sodic

6.0 – 10.0 Sodic

10.0 – 15.0 Moderate

15.0 – 25.0 Strong

>25.0 Very strong






3.5. SOCIO ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

3.5.1 Introduction

Socio economic survey is necessary in any EIA/EMP report to predict the changes on

social and economic status in its study area. Hence baseline data for demographic

characteristics, education, health, amenities and sensitive locations have been studied

existing in and around the study area.

The study area of vizag is an industrial base for sectors such as textiles, drugs, chemicals,

pharmaceuticals and agro and food processing industries. The most important sectors are

the Chemical industries. The major languages prevalent are Telugu and English with a

conglomeration of different cultures like Hindus, Muslims and the Christians.

3.5.2 Socioeconomic Structure

Village/town wise Population, Households, Occupation and Literacy status have been

collected based on Census, 2011 in the following pattern:

3.5.2.1 Households

A 'household' is usually a group of persons who normally live together and take their meals

from a common kitchen unless the exigencies of work prevent any of them from doing so.

Persons in a household may be related or unrelated or a mix of both. However, if a group

of unrelated persons live in a census house but do not take their meals from the common

kitchen, then they are not constituent of a common household. Each such person was to

be treated as separate households. The important link is

1. Total population 8. Total worker females (main + marginal)

2. Population (0-6 years) 9. Main workers (Persons)

3. Literacy rate (Persons) 10. Marginal workers (Persons)

4. Literacy rate (Males) 11. Non workers (Persons)

5. Literacy rate (Females) 12. Non workers (Males)

6. Total worker persons(main+ marginal) 13. Non workers (Females)

7. Total worker males (main + marginal)






finding out whether it was a household or not was a common kitchen. There may be one

member households, two member households or multi-member households.

3.5.2.2 Population

Village/ town wise population composition as per 2011 census in study area is listed in

Table 3.30. The Total population is 4652524, out of which, male and female population is

2323159 and 2329365 respectively.

Table 3.30 : Population Composition

Location Total

Population Male Female S.C. S.T

% of

women

% of

S.C

% of

S.T

Gajuwaka 250423 127577 122846 16325 4098 49.1 6.52 1.6

Gopalapuram 1991 999 992 17 24 49.8 0.85 1.2

Pedagantyada 95291 48797 46894 3865 1126 49.2 4.06 1.2

Venkatapuram 1575 815 760 0 0 48.3 0.00 0.0

Kondupalem 1237 591 646 25 0 52.2 2.02 0.0

Visakhapatnam 4290589 2138910 2151679 329486 618500 50.1 7.68 14.4

Venkannapalem 280 149 131 0 0 46.8 0.00 0.0

Gangavaram 810 397 413 12 0 51.0 1.48 0.0

Rajupalem 4578 2242 2336 157 115 51.0 3.43 2.5

Laxmipuram 2891 1434 1457 263 0 50.4 9.10 0.0

Chemannapalem 2410 1221 1189 20 0 49.3 0.83 0.0

K.Kotturu 49 27 22 0 48 44.9 0.00 98.0

Total 4652524 2323159 2329365 350170 623911

Source: As per 2011 Census

3.5.2.3 Occupational structure

Work is defined as participation in any economically productive activity with or without

compensation and wages. Such participation may be physical and/or mental in nature.

Work involves not only actual work but also includes effective supervision and direction of

work. It even includes part time help or unpaid work on farm, family enterprise or in any

other economic activity. All persons engaged in 'work' as defined above are workers.






Persons who are engaged in cultivation or milk production even solely for domestic

consumption are also treated as workers. Occupational structure is divided into three

categories viz., Main workers, Marginal workers and other workers. The Total Workers are

2017203 respectively. The criteria of dividing type of workers are as follows:

Main workers: Those workers who had worked for the major part of the reference period

(i.e. 6 months or more) are termed as Main Workers.

Marginal workers: Those workers who have not worked for the major point of the

reference period (i.e. less than 6 months) are termed as marginal workers.

Non workers: All workers, i.e., those who have been engaged in some economic activity

during the last one-year, but are not cultivators or agricultural laborers or in Household

Industry, are 'Other Workers (OW)'. The type of workers that come under this category of

'OW' include all government servants, municipal employees, teachers, factory workers,

plantation workers, those engaged in trade, commerce, business, transport banking,

mining, construction, political or social work, priests, entertainment artists, etc. In effect, all

those workers other than cultivators or agricultural laborers or household industry workers

are other workers.

Table 3.31 below provides all the details related to occupational distribution in the study

area.

Table 3.31 : Occupational Distribution

Name Total Workers Main Workers Marginal Workers

Non

Workers

Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total

Gajuwaka 87655 71531 16124 70865 60330 10535 16790 11201 5589 162768

Gopalapuram 834 557 277 538 388 150 296 169 127 1157

Pedagantyada 32570 26891 5679 25004 21484 3520 7566 5407 2159 62721

Venkatapuram 544 450 94 527 441 86 17 9 8 1031

Kondupalem 547 343 204 486 302 184 61 41 20 690

Visakhapatnam 1889879 1239064 650815 1481139 1049748 431391 408740 189316 219424 2400710

Venkannapalem 198 110 88 154 83 71 44 27 17 82

Gangavaram 414 236 178 412 235 177 2 1 1 396

Rajupalem 1648 1302 346 1312 1096 216 336 206 130 2930

Laxmipuram 1566 834 732 728 434 294 838 400 438 1325

Chemannapalem 1312 731 581 1296 721 575 16 10 6 1098

K.Kotturu 36 18 18 36 18 18 0 0 0 13






Total 2017203 1342067 675136 1582497 1135280 447217 434706 206787 227919 2634921


3.5.2.4 Literacy

A person aged 7 years and above who can both read and write with understanding any

language has been taken as literate. It is not necessary for a person to have received any

formal education or passed any minimum educational standard for being treated as

literate. People who were blind and could read in Braille are treated to be literates. A

person, who can only read but cannot write, is treated as illiterate. All children of age 6

years or less, even if going to school and have picked up reading and writing, are treated

as illiterates.

Visakhapatnam Municipal Corporation leads in literacy in Andhra Pradesh; Male literacy in

the agglomeration is approximately 55.3 %, while female literacy is considerably lower at

44.6 %. (Refer Table 3.32)

Table 3.32 : Literacy Levels

Name Literates Illiterates

Total Male Female Total Male Female

Gajuwaka 184847 100508 84339 65576 27069 38507

Gopalapuram 1004 597 407 987 402 585

Pedagantyada 63106 35845 27261 32185 12952 19233

Venkatapuram 379 223 156 1196 592 604

Kondupalem 603 357 246 634 234 400

Visakhapatnam 2568249 1422878 1145371 1722340 716032 1006308

Venkannapalem 150 91 59 130 58 72

Gangavaram 423 247 176 387 150 237

Rajupalem 2999 1643 1356 1579 599 980

Laxmipuram 1412 860 552 1479 574 905

Chemannapalem 991 579 412 1419 642 777

K.Kotturu 19 16 3 30 11 19

Total 2824182 1563844 1260338 1827942 759315 1068627


Economic resource






Agriculture is the primary occupation in the study area, It was identified that most of the

households are having large size families. Most of the households are leaded by the male

domination. It was observed that most of the households are having semi pucca houses

for the families in the study area.

The major source of income is from agriculture sector followed by minor forest products,

cattle and other labour works. The major food crops grown in the district of Visakhapatnam

are Rice, sugar cane and Wheat, pulses and Jute are main commercial crops, the study

area of Visakhapatnam is industrially diffident. Some people are also employed in local

industries on contract basis and like a labour on daily basis.

Health Status

Based on data collected from Primary Health Centers (PHC) it shows that common

diseases like fever, diarrhoea is reported as high in Rainy season because of water

changes and there is no spread of vector borne diseases like malaria etc. To overcome

these hazards primary health centers was established and health campaign programmes

also conducted periodically by the PHC people.

It was observed that 70 % of the households express their opinion that they are getting

sufficient services from the health centers.

Culture

Vijay Diwas is holiday celebrated by the Indian navy in Visakhapatnam as a victory over

Pakistan in 1971, when a submarine marauded the entire coast and entered the waters of

the port of Vizag with the intention of destroying the port. The submarine was sunk by the

Indian navy. Every December, from the third Friday to Sunday, an exclusive three-day

festival brings to life the arts, crafts, culture and cuisine of Visakhapatnam.

It is also the centre for cultural activities and diverse traditions of different ethic and

religious communities. Popular celebrations and observances include Sankranthi and

festival of Lord Ganesh.






Tourist Places

Visakhapatnam is famous for its natural harbor, ship building unit, Steel plant, Oil

refineries. Dolphins Nose hills, Rama Krishna beach and Rushi Konda Beach and more

over it is a popular and famous industrial city in Andhra Pradesh.

Bhimunipatnam is 40 km from the Visakhapatnam and is famous for natural sea port.

Simhachalam lies in outskirts of the main city. It is famous for the srivaraha Narasimha

swamy temple.

Araku valley is 112 km away from Visakhapatnam. It is famous for the scenic beauty it

offers to the travelers by Train or Road. The area of the valley is roughly 36 km², and the

altitude is between 600 and 900 meters above sea level. It is renowned for its association

with the Tribal culture & customs.

Thotlakonda lies to the north of Visakhapatnam which consists of a Buddhist Monastic

Complex remnants and rock cut cisterns on the hilltop at mangamaripeta.

Bavikonda is another famous Hilltop Buddhist Monastic Complex remnant site near to

Thotlakonda along the beach road to Bhimili from Vizag

Gudilova is famous for the temple of Lord shiva and Lord Ranganatha swamy located on a

small hillock between two big hills in outskirts of Visakha city along the eastern Ghats, it is

a natural picnic spot also. Located on the state highway of Pendurthi and 7 km from

Anandapuram of Visakhapatnam.

The Borra Caves, also called Borra Guhalu. In Telugu language ‘Borra’ means something

that has bored into the ground and ‘guhalu’ means caves), are located on the East Coast

of India, in the Ananthagiri hills of the Araku valley.

The Kondakarla Ava, One of the largest freshwater lake in the country and cradled in the

foothills of the Eastern Ghats, the lake Konda Karla-Ava is situated at 50 Kilometer from

Vizag on sankaram (Buddhist Place)- Etikoppaka (Craft Village)- Kondakarla Ava Circuit.

Kondakarla Ava is the second largest fresh water lake in the state. It has been recognized

as Eco Tourism destination. Kondakarla Ava is home to an array of flora and fauna. As

soon as you enter Kondakarla Ava, the scenic beauty takes you over. The tranquil waters






of a lake surrounded by coconut trees on one side and green hills all around provide a

great escape from the air and sound pollutions. It was a popular holiday resort of the

Vizianagaram Maharajas and the British in the pre-independence era.

3.6 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

Ecological studies are one of the important aspects of Environmental Impact Assessment

with a view to conserve environmental quality and biodiversity. Ecological systems show

complex inter-relationships between biotic and abiotic components

including dependence, competition and mutualism. Biotic components comprise of both

plant and animal communities, which interact not only within and between themselves but

also with the abiotic components viz. physical and chemical components of the

environment.

Generally, biological communities are good indicators of climatic and edaphic factors.

Studies on biological aspects of ecosystems are important in Environmental Impact

Assessment for safety of natural flora and fauna. The biological environment includes

terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.

The animal and plant communities co-exist in a well-organized manner. Their natural

settings can get disturbed by any externally induced anthropological activities or by

naturally occurring calamities or disaster. So, once this setting is disturbed, it sometimes is

either practically impossible or may take a longer time to come back to its original state.

Hence changes in the status of flora and fauna are an elementary requirement of

Environmental Impact Assessment studies, in view of the need for conservation of

environmental quality and biodiversity. Information on flora and fauna was collected within

the study area.

3.6.1 Objectives of Ecological Studies

The objective of the present study was undertaken with a view to understand the present

ecosystem on the following lines:

To assess the distribution of vegetation in and around the proposed plant;

To assess the distribution of animal life in the proposed plant areas as well as surrounding

areas;

To assess the biodiversity and to understand the resource potential; and






To understand the nature of pollution and the impact of pollution on the ecosystem.

3.6.2 Methodology Adopted for the Survey

To achieve above objectives a detailed study of the area was undertaken in 10-km radius

area with the proposed project site as its centre. The different methods adopted were as

follows:

Compilation of secondary data with respect to the study area from published literature and

Government agencies;

Generation of first hand data by undertaking systematic ecological studies in the area;

Interrogating local people so as to elicit information for local plants, animals and their uses

The present report gives the review of published secondary data and the results of field

sampling conducted during November 2014.

3.6.3 Cropping Pattern

The District of Visakhapatnam is predominantly Khariff and Rabi crop area. Rice crop is

the agricultural staple. Khariff is the main cropping season, though the proportion of Rabi

to kharif has varied from time to time. Conversely whenever there are heavy and

continuous rains through July and August which prevent the ploughs from getting to work,

or Kharif crops get rotten particularly in low-lying and water-logged areas, they are

ploughed and diverted to Rabi sowings. Plantation of Casurina and Banana is also

observed in around the refinery.

3.6.4 Methodology – Flora & Fauna

Floral diversity

The study was aimed at enumeration of the available plant resources and obtaining a

broad representation of the existing floristic variations in and around the proposed project

site. The site was surveyed through random sampling and the floristic diversity was

enumerated. All floral elements encountered in the field were photographed. All the

species encountered were identified with the help of local authenticate published flora.






Faunal diversity

Random walk and opportunistic observations were used for documenting the birds. With

the aid of a pair of binoculars the bird sampling were carried out during morning (06:00 to

10:00 hrs) and evening (17:00 to 19:00 hrs) hours. Point count methods were used for

enumerating the avifauna in mudflat areas. Birds were monitored by road transects up to

200 metres distance to obtain information on population. Data on fishes were collected

from secondary sources and interview with fisher folk of the area. During the present study

period, both direct and indirect methods (tracks & signs and visual encounter survey) were

used to document the mammals occurring in the area.

Visual Encounter Survey (VES) method was followed for the survey of the herpetofauna

(amphibians and reptiles) in the study area during the present study. VES is a method one

in which field personnel walk through an area or habitat for a prescribed time period

systematically searching for animals.

3.6.5 Analysis of Floral diversity

The area falling under the 10 km radial distance is surrounded by both aquatic and

terrestrial ecosystems. Diverse systems such as dense and open forest, cultivated lands,

sand dune vegetation, wetlands and human habitation were present in the study area that

supported diverse floral species.

A total of 350 species of plants (including wild, ornamental and cultivated plants) belonging

80 plant families were documented and identified in the 10 km radial distance from the

proposed project sites of the study area. The identified plant species with scientific name,

family, habit, habitat and type are given in Table 3.33 below.






Table 3.33 -Distribution of plants in the study area and its surrounding

Sl. No.

Plant Name Family Habit Habitat Type

1 Abelmoschus ficulneus (L.) Wight & Arn.

Malvaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

2 Abrus precatorius L. Papilionaceae Climber Terrestrial Wild

3 Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet

Malvaceae Shrub Terrestrial Wild

4 Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn ex Benth.

Mimosaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

5 Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd.


6 Acacia leucophloea (Roxb.) Willd.


7 Acalypha indica L. Euphorbiaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

8 Acanthospermum hispidum DC.

Asteraceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

9 Acanthus ilicifolius L. Acanthaceae Herb Mangrove Wild

10 Achras sapota Linn. Sapotaceae Tree Terrestrial Cultivated

11 Achyranthes aspera L. Amaranthaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

12 Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa

Rutaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

13 Aeluropus lagopoides (L.) Trin. Ex Thw.

Poaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

14 Aerva lanata (L.) Juss.ex Schultes Amaranthaceae

Herb Terrestrial Wild

15 Aeschynomene aspera L. Papilionaceae


16 Agave americana L. Agavaceae Shrub Terrestrial Wild

17 Ageratum conyzoides L. Asteraceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

18 Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. Simaroubaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

19 Alangium salviifolium (L.f.) Wang.

Alangiaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

20 Albizia lebbeck (L.) Willd. Mimosaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

21 Albizia saman F.Muell. Mimosaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

22 Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. Aloeaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

23 Alstonia scholaris (L.) R.Br.

Apocynaceae Tree Terrestrial Cultivated

24 Alternanthera paronychioides A. St.-Hilaire

Amaranthaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

25 Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb. Amaranthaceae


26 Alternanthera pungens Kunth







Sl. No.


27 Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R.Br. ex DC.

Amaranthaceae Herb Aquatic Wild

28 Alysicarpus monilifer (L.) DC.

Papilionaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

29 Amaranthus spinosus L. Amaranthaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

30 Amaranthus viridis L. Amaranthaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

31 Ammannia baccifera Linn.

Lythraceae Herb Semi-aquatic

Wild

32 Anacardium occidentale L.

Anacardiaceae Tree Terrestrial Cultivated

33 Andropogon pumilus Roxb.

Poaceae Grass Terrestrial Wild

34 Anisomeles indica (L.) Kuntze

Lamiaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

35 Anisomeles malabarica (L.) R. Br. ex Sims.


36 Annona squamosa L. Annonaceae Shrub Terrestrial Cultivated

37 Anthocephalus cadamba (Roxb.) Miq.

Rubiaceae Tree Terrestrial Cultivated

38 Argemone mexicana L. Papaveraceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

39 Aristida adscensionis L. Poaceae Grass Terrestrial Wild

40 Aristida funiculata Trin & Rupr.


41 Aristida hystrix L. Poaceae Grass Terrestrial Wild

42 Aristida setacea Retz. Poaceae Grass Terrestrial Wild

43 Aristolochia indica L. Aristolochiaceae Climber Terrestrial Wild

44 Arthrocnemum indicum (Willd.) Moq.

Chenopodiaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

45 Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.

Moraceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

46 Artocarpus hirsutus Lam. Moraceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

47 Asparagus racemosus Willd.

Asparagaceae Climber Terrestrial Wild

48 Averrhoa carambola L. Oxalidaceae Shrub Terrestrial Cultivated

49 Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh.

Verbenaceae Shrub Mangrove Wild

50 Avicennia officinallis L. Verbenaceae Tree Mangrove Wild

51 Azadirachta indica A. Juss.

Meliaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

52 Azima tetracantha Lam. Salvadoraceae Shrub Terrestrial Wild

53 Bambusa arundinacea (Retz.) Willd.


54 Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. ex Wendl.

Poaceae Grass Terrestrial Ornamental

55 Barleria prionitis L. Acanthaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

56 Bauhinia purpurea L. Caesalpiniaceae Tree Terrestrial Cultivated






Sl. No.


57 Bauhinia racemosa Lam. Caesalpiniaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

58 Bidens pilosa L. Asteraceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

59 Biophytum reinwardtii (Zucc.) Klotzsch.

Oxalidaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

60 Blainvillea acmella (L.) Philipson


61 Blepharis maderaspatensis (L.) Heyne ex Roth

Acanthaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

62 Blepharis repens (Vahl) Roth


63 Blumea lacera (Burm.f) DC.


64 Blumea mollis (D.Don) Merr.


65 Boerhavia diffusa L. Nyctaginaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

66 Boerhavia erecta L. Nyctaginaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

67 Bombax ceiba L. Bombacaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

68 Borassus flabellifer L. Arecaceae Tree Terrestrial Cultivated

69 Bothriochloa pertusa (L.) A. Camus


70 Bougainvillea spectabilis Comm. ex. Juss.

Nyctaginaceae Shrub Terrestrial Ornamental

71 Breynia retusa (Dennst.) Alston

Euphorbiaceae Shrub Terrestrial Wild

72 Buchanania lanzan Spreng.

Anacardiaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

73 Bulbostylis barbata (Rottb.) C.B. Clarke

Cyperaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

74 Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. Papilionaceae

Tree Terrestrial Wild

75 Calamus rotang L. Arecaceae Shrub Terrestrial Wild

76 Calotropis gigantea R.Br. Asclepiadaceae Shrub Terrestrial Wild

77 Calotropis procera (Ait.) R.Br.

Apocynaceae Shrub Terrestrial Wild

78 Canavalia cathartica Thouars

Papilionaceae Climber Terrestrial Wild

79 Canthium dicoccum (Gaertn.) Teijsm & Binnend.

Rubiaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

80 Capparis zeylanica L. Capparidaceae Climber Terrestrial Wild

81 Capsicum annum L. Solanaceae Shrub Terrestrial Cultivated

82 Cardiospermum halicacabum L.

Sapindaceae Climber Terrestrial Wild

83 Careya arborea Roxb. Barringtoniaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

84 Carica papaya L. Caricaceae Shrub Terrestrial Cultivated

85 Casearia rubescens Dalz.

Flacourtiaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild






Sl. No.


86 Cassia angustifolia M. Vahl

Caesalpiniaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

87 Cassia fistula L. Caesalpiniaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

88 Cassia siamea Lam. Caesalpiniaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

89 Casuarina equisetifolia L. Casurinaceae Tree Terrestrial Cultivated

90 Catharanthus roseus (L.) G.Don. Apocynaceae

Herb Terrestrial Cultivated

91 Cayratia trifolia (L.) Domin Vitaceae

Climber Terrestrial Wild

92 Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn.

Bombacaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

93 Celosia argentea L. Amaranthaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

94 Cenchrus ciliaris L. Poaceae Grass Terrestrial Wild

95 Chloris barbata Sw. Poaceae Grass Terrestrial Wild

96 Chloris tenella Koen. ex Roxb.


97 Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.King & H.Robins. Asteraceae


98 Cissampelos pareira L. Menispermaceae Climber Terrestrial Wild

99 Cissus quadrangularis L. Vitaceae Shrub Terrestrial Wild

100 Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f. Rutaceae Shrub Terrestrial Wild

101 Cleome aspera Koen ex. DC.

Capparidaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

102 Cleome monophylla L. Capparidaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

103 Cleome viscosa L. Capparidaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

104 Clitoria ternatea L. Papilionaceae Climber Terrestrial Wild

105 Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt

Cucurbitaceae Climber Terrestrial Wild

106 Cocculus hirsutus (L.) Diels

Menispermaceae Climber Terrestrial Wild

107 Cocculus pendulus (Forst.) Diels


108 Cochlospermum religiosum (L.) Alston

Cochlospermaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

109 Cocos nucifera L. Arecaceae Tree Terrestrial Cultivated

110 Combretum albidum G.Don

Combretaceae Climber Terrestrial Wild

111 Commelina benghalensis L.

Commelinaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

112 Commelina clavata Clarke


113 Commelina longifolia Lam.


114 Convolvulus arvensis L. Convolvulaceae Climber Terrestrial Wild

115 Corchorus aestuans L. Tiliaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

116 Corchorus trilocularis L.

Tiliaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild






Sl. No.


117 Cordia dichotoma G. Forst.

Boraginaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

118 Cordia myxa L. Boraginaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

119 Cordia sebestena L. Boraginaceae Tree Terrestrial Ornamental

120 Crossandra infundibuliformis (L.) Nees Acanthaceae

Herb Terrestrial Cultivated

121 Crotalaria hirta Willd. Papilionaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

122 Crotalaria pallida Dryand. var. pallida(G.Don) Polhill


123 Crotalaria retusa L. Papilionaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

124 Croton bonplandianum Baill.

Euphorbiaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

125 Cryptolepis buchananii Roem. & Schult.

Asclepiadaceae Climber Terrestrial Wild

126 Cucumis melo L. Cucurbitaceae Climber Terrestrial Wild

127 Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. Convolvulaceae Climber Terrestrial Wild

128 Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.


129 Cynoglossum zeylanicum (Vahl ex Hornem.) Thunb. ex Lehm.

Boraginaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

130 Cyperus articulatus L. Cyperaceae Herb Aquatic Wild

131 Cyperus corymbosus Rottb. Cyperaceae


132 Cyperus difformis L. Cyperaceae Herb Semi-aquatic

Wild

133 Cyperus exaltatus Retz. Cyperaceae Herb Aquatic Wild

134 Cyperus iria L. Cyperaceae Herb Semi-aquatic

Wild

135 Cyperus rotundus L. Cyperaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

136 Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Willd.


137 Dalbergia horrida (Dennst.) Mabb

Papilionaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

138 Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. Papilionaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

139 Datura metal L. Solanaceae Shrub Terrestrial Wild

140 Delonix elata (L.) Gamble

Caesalpiniaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

141 Delonix regia (Boj. ex Hook) Rafin.


142 Desmodium laxiflorum DC.

Papilionaceae Shrub Terrestrial Wild

143 Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight & Arn.

Mimosaceae Shrub Terrestrial Wild

144 Dicoma tomentosa Cass. Asteraceae Herb Terrestrial Wild






Sl. No.


145 Digera muricata (L.) Mart.


146 Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. Ebenaceae

Tree Terrestrial Wild

147 Diplocyclos palmatus (L.) Jeffrey


148 Dolichandrone spathacea (L.f.) K.Schum.

Bignoniaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

149 Echinochloa colona (L.) Link

Poaceae Grass Semi-aquatic

Wild

150 Echinops echinatus Roxb.


151 Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. Asteraceae Herb Semi-aquatic

Wild

152 Elaeocarpus serratus L. Tiliaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

153 Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC.


154 Eragrostis nutans (Retz.) Nees ex Steud.


155 Eragrostis pilosa P. Beauv


156 Erythrina indica Lam. Papilionaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

157 Eucalyptus tereticornisSm.

Myrtaceae Tree Terrestrial Cultivated

158 Euphorbia geniculata Ortega


159 Euphorbia hirta L. Euphorbiaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

160 Euphorbia thymifolia L. Euphorbiaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

161 Euphorbia tirucalli L. Euphorbiaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

162 Evolvulus alsinoides (L.) L.

Convolvulaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

163 Evolvulus nummularius (L.) L.


164 Excoecaria agallocha L. Euphorbiaceae Shrub Mangrove Wild

165 Ficus benghalensis L. Moraceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

166 Ficus hispida L.f. Moraceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

167 Ficus microcarpa var. microcarpa L.f.

Moraceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

168 Ficus racemosa L. Moraceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

169 Ficus religiosa L. Moraceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

170 Fimbristylis aestivalis (Retz.) Vahl.


171 Fimbristylis argentea (Rottb.) Vahl.

Cyperaceae Herb Aquatic Wild

172 Fimbristylis dichotoma (L.) Vahl.

Cyperaceae Herb Semi-aquatic

Wild






Sl. No.


173 Fimbristylis ovata (Burm. F.) Kern.


174 Flacourtia indica (Burm.f.) Merr.

Flacourtiaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

175 Glinus lotoides Linnaeus Aizoaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

176 Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunth ex Walp.


177 Gloriosa superba L. Colchicaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

178 Gmelina arborea Roxb. Verbenaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

179 Gomphrena serrata L. Amaranthaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

180 Goniogyna hirta (Willd.) Ali


181 Grewia tiliifolia Vahl. Tiliaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

182 Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) R.Br. ex Schult.


183 Haldinia cordifolia (Roxb.) Ridsd.


184 Hedyotis biflora (L.) Lam. Rubiaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

185 Hedyotis corymbosa (L.) Lam.

Rubiaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

186 Hedyotis verticillata (L.) Lam.

Rubiaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

187 Helicteres isora L. Sterculiaceae Shrub Terrestrial Wild

188 Heliotropium curassavicum L.


189 Heliotropium indicum L. Boraginaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

190 Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br.


191 Heteropogon contortus (L.) P.Beauv


192 Holarrhena pubescens (Buch.-Ham.) Wall. ex G.Don

Apocynaceae Shrub Terrestrial Wild

193 Holoptelea integrifolia (Roxb.) Planch.

Ulmaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

194 Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) F.V. Muell.

Violaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

195 Hygrophila auriculata (Schum.) Heine Acanthaceae


196 Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit.


197 Ichnocarpus frutescens (L.) R.Br.


198 Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv.







Sl. No.


199 Indigofera caerulea Roxb.


200 Indigofera linnaei Ali Papilionaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

201 Indoneesiella echioides (L) Nees.


202 Ipomoea alba L. Convolvulaceae Climber Terrestrial Wild

203 Ipomoea carnea Jacq. Convolvulaceae Shrub Aquatic Wild

204 Ipomoea obscura Ker-Gawl. Convolvulaceae

Climber Terrestrial Wild

205 Ischaemum indicum (Houtt.) Merr.


206 Ixora arborea Roxb. ex Sm.


207 Ixora coccineaL. Rubiaceae Shrub Terrestrial Wild

208 Jasminum scandens Vahl

Oleaceae Climber Terrestrial Wild

209 Jatropha gossypifolia L. Euphorbiaceae Shrub Terrestrial Wild

210 Justicia adhatoda L. Acanthaceae Shrub Terrestrial Wild

211 Justicia betonica L. Acanthaceae Shrub Terrestrial Wild

212 Lagascea mollis Cav. Asteraceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

213 Lagerstroemia reginae Roxb.

Lythraceae Tree Terrestrial Ornamental

214 Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr.

Anacardiaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

215 Lantana camara L. Verbenaceae Shrub Terrestrial Wild

216 Launaea procumbens (Roxb.) Ramayya & Rajagopal Asteraceae


217 Lawsonia inermis L. Lythraceae Shrub Terrestrial Wild

218 Lepidagathis cristata Willd. Acanthaceae


219 Leptadenia reticulata Wight & Arn.


220 Leucaena leucocephala (L.) Gills


221 Leucas aspera (Willd.) Link


222 Ludwigia perennis L. Onagraceae Herb Semi-aquatic

Wild

223 Ludwigia peruviana (L.) Hara

Onagraceae Herb Semi-aquatic

Wild

224 Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.

Solanaceae Herb Terrestrial Cultivated

225 Malvastrum coromandelianum (L.) Garcke


226 Mangifera indica L. Anacardiaceae Tree Terrestrial Cultivated






Sl. No.


227 Manilkara hexandra (Roxb.) Dubard

Sapotaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

228 Maytenus emarginata (Willd.) Ding Hou

Celastraceae Shrub Terrestrial Wild

229 Memecylon edule Roxb. Melastomaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

230 Merremia tridentata (L.) Hall.f.


231 Millingtonia hortensis L.f. Bignoniaceae Tree Terrestrial Ornamental

232 Mimosa hamata Willd. Mimosaceae Shrub Terrestrial Wild

233 Mimosa pudica L. Mimosaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

234 Mimusops elengi L. Sapotaceae Tree Terrestrial Ornamental

235 Mitragyna parvifolia (Roxb.) Korth.


236 Momordica charantia L. Cucurbitaceae Climber Terrestrial Wild

237 Momordica dioica Roxb. ex. Willd.


238 Morinda pubescens J.E. Smith.


239 Moringa oleifera Lam. Moringaceae Tree Terrestrial Cultivated

240 Morus alba L. Moraceae Shrub Terrestrial Cultivated

241 Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. Papilionaceae Shrub Terrestrial Wild

242 Mukia maderaspatana (L.) M. Roem.


243 Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng.

Rutaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

244 Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack

Rutaceae Shrub Terrestrial Ornamental

245 Musa paradisiaca L. Musaceae Shrub Terrestrial Cultivated

246 Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.

Nelumbonaceae Herb Aquatic Wild

247 Nerium indicum Mill. Apocynaceae Herb Terrestrial Cultivated

248 Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L.

Oleaceae Tree Terrestrial Ornamental

249 Nymphaea nouchali Burm.f.

Nymphaeaceae Herb Aquatic Wild

250 Ocimum basilicum L. Lamiaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

251 Oldenlandia umbellata L. Rubiaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

252 Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw.

Cactaceae Shrub Terrestrial Wild

253 Oxalis corniculata L. Oxalidaceae Herb Aquatic Wild

254 Paederia foetida L. Rubiaceae Shrub Terrestrial Wild

255 Parthenium hysterophorus L. Asteraceae


256 Pavonia odorata Willd. Malvaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

257 Pavonia procumbens (Wall ex Wight & Arn.) Walp.







Sl. No.


258 Pavonia zeylanica (L.) Cav.


259 Pedalium murex L. Pedaliaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

260 Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC.)


261 Pentatropis microphylla L.


262 Pergularia daemia (Forrsk.) Chiov.


263 Persea macrantha (Nees) Kosterm

Lauraceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

264 Phoenix sylvestris (L.) Roxb.

Arecaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

265 Phyllanthus emblica L. Euphorbiaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

266 Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir.

Euphorbiaceae Shrub Terrestrial Wild

267 Phyllanthus urinaria L. Euphorbiaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

268 Physalis minima Linn. Solanaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

269 Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth.


270 Plumeria alba L. Apocynaceae Tree Terrestrial Ornamental

271 Polyalthia longifolia (Sonner.) Thw.

Annonaceae Tree Terrestrial Ornamental

272 Polycarpaea corymbosa (L.) Lam.

Caryophyllaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

273 Polygala arvensis Willd. Polygalaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

274 Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre


275 Portulaca oleracea L. Portulacaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

276 Portulaca quadrifida L. Portulacaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

277 Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC. Mimosaceae

Shrub Terrestrial Wild

278 Psidium guajava L. Myrtaceae Tree Terrestrial Cultivated

279 Pterolobium hexapetalum (Roth.) Sant. & Wagh

Caesalpiniaceae Climber Terrestrial Wild

280 Punica granatum L. Punicaceae Shrub Terrestrial Cultivated

281 Pupalia lappacea (L.) Juss.


282 Quisqualis indica L. Combretaceae Climber Terrestrial Ornamental

283 Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex kurz

Apocynaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

284 Ruellia tuberosa L. Acanthaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

285 Saccharum spontaneum L.

Poaceae Grass Semi-aquatic

Wild

286 Salicornia brachiata Miq.

Chenopodiaceae Shrub Semi-aquatic

Wild






Sl. No.


287 Sarcolobus carinatus Wall

Asclepiadaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

288 Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oken

Sapindaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

289 Scoparia dulcis L. Scrophulariaceae Herb Semi-aquatic

Wild

290 Sebastiania chamaelea (L.) Muell.-Arg.


291 Senna alata (L.) Roxb. Caesalpiniaceae Shrub Terrestrial Wild

292 Senna auriculata (L.) Roxb.

Caesalpiniaceae Shrub Terrestrial Wild

293 Senna occidentalis (L.) Link

Caesalpiniaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

294 Senna tora (L.) Roxb. Caesalpiniaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

295 Sesbania sesban (Jacq.) W.Wight


296 Sesuvium portulacastrum (L.) L.

Aizoaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

297 Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv


298 Sida acuta Burm.f. Malvaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

299 Sida cordata (Burm. f.) Borss.


300 Sida cordifolia L. Malvaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

301 Sida rhombifolia L. var. rhombifolia


302 Smilax zeylanica L. Smilacaceae Climber Terrestrial Wild

303 Solanum surattense Burm. f.

Solanaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

304 Sonchus oleraceus L. Asteraceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

305 Sonneratia apetala Buch.- Ham.

Sonneratiaceae Tree Mangrove Wild

306 Spermacoce hispida L. Rubiaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

307 Sphaeranthus indicus L. Asteraceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

308 Streblus asper Lour. Moraceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

309 Striga asiatica (L.) Kuntze

Scrophulariaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

310 Strychnos nux-vomica L. Strychnaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

311 Suaeda maritima (L.) Dumort

Chenopodiaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

312 Suaeda nudiflora (Willd) Moq.

Chenopodiaceae Herb Semi-aquatic

Wild

313 Synadenium grantii Hook.f.

Euphorbiaceae Shrub Terrestrial Ornamental

314 Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn.


315 Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels

Myrtaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild






Sl. No.


316 Tabernaemontana divaricata (L.) R.Br. Ex Roem. & Schult. Apocynaceae

Shrub Terrestrial Cultivated

317 Tamarindus indica L. Caesalpiniaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

318 Tecoma stans (L.) Kunth Bignoniaceae Tree Terrestrial Ornamental

319 Tectona grandis L.f. Verbenaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

320 Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers.


321 Tephrosia villosa (L.) Pers.


322 Terminalia alata Heyne ex Roth

Combretaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

323 Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wight & Arn.

Myrtaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

324 Terminalia bellerica (Gaertn.) Roxb.

Combretaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

325 Terminalia catappa L. Myrtaceae Tree Terrestrial Ornamental

326 Terminalia chebula Retz. Combretaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

327 Thespesia populnea (L.) Soland ex Correa

Malvaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

328 Thevetia peruviana K.Schum

Apocynaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

329 Thunbergia grandiflora Roxb.

Acanthaceae Climber Terrestrial Ornamental

330 Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers ex Hook. f. & Thoms.


331 Trewia nudiflora L. Euphorbiaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

332 Tribulus terrestris L. Zygophyllaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

333 Trichodesma indicum (L.) R. Br.


334 Tridax procumbens L. Asteraceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

335 Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq.

Tiliaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

336 Typha angustifolia L. Poaceae Grass Aquatic Wild

337 Urena lobata L. Malvaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

338 Urochloa panicoides P. Beauv.

Poaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

339 Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less.


340 Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash Poaceae


341 Vigna mungo (L.) Wilczek

Papilionaceae Herb Terrestrial Cultivated

342 Vigna radiata (L.) Verdc. Papilionaceae Herb Terrestrial Cultivated

343 Vigna trilobata (L.) Verdc.


344 Vitex altissima Linn.f. Verbenaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild






Sl. No.


345 Waltheria indica L. Sterculiaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

346 Xanthium strumarium L. Asteraceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

347 Xylia xylocarpa (Roxb.) Taub.


348 Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. Rhamnaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

349 Ziziphus oenoplia (L.) Mill.

Rhamnaceae Shrub Terrestrial Wild

350 Zornia gibbosa Span. Papilionaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

Habitat wise representation

Based on habit types, among the 350 plant species, herbaceous plants were dominant in

the study area and was represented with 172 species, followed by trees (98 species),

shrubs (45 species) and climbers/stragglers with 35 species (Figure 3.12).

Figure 3.12 : Habit wise representations of plants from the study area

Papilionaceae is the dominant family with 26 species followed by Poaceae (25 species),

Asteraceae (20 species), Euphorbiaceae (15 species), and Caesalpiniaceae (14 species).

The families with number of species are given below in Table-3.34.

Climber10% Grass

6%

Herb43%

Shrub13%

Tree28%






Table 3.34 : Details of Plant Families with number of Species

Family Name No. of species

Papilionaceae 26

Poaceae 25

Asteraceae 20

Euphorbiaceae 15

Caesalpiniaceae 14

Rubiaceae 13

Acanthaceae 12

Amaranthaceae 12

Malvaceae 12

Mimosaceae 12

Cyperaceae 11

Apocynaceae 9

Asclepiadaceae 9

Moraceae 9

Convolvulaceae 8

Boraginaceae 7

Cucurbitaceae 6

Verbenaceae 6

Combretaceae 5

Lamiaceae 5

Myrtaceae 5

Solanaceae 5

Tiliaceae 5

Anacardiaceae 4

Arecaceae 4

Capparidaceae 4

Chenopodiaceae 4

Menispermaceae 4

Rutaceae 4

Bignoniaceae 3

Commelinaceae 3

Lythraceae 3

Nyctaginaceae 3

Oxalidaceae 3

Sapotaceae 3

Aizoaceae 2

Annonaceae 2

Bombacaceae 2

Flacourtiaceae 2

Oleaceae 2

Onagraceae 2

Portulacaceae 2

Rhamnaceae 2






Sapindaceae 2

Scrophulariaceae 2

Sterculiaceae 2

Vitaceae 2

Agavaceae 1

Alangiaceae 1

Aloeaceae 1

Aristolochiaceae 1

Asparagaceae 1

Barringtoniaceae 1

Cactaceae 1

Caricaceae 1

Caryophyllaceae 1

Casurinaceae 1

Celastraceae 1

Cochlospermaceae 1

Colchicaceae 1

Ebenaceae 1

Lauraceae 1

Melastomaceae 1

Meliaceae 1

Moringaceae 1

Musaceae 1

Nelumbonaceae 1

Nymphaeaceae 1

Papaveraceae 1

Pedaliaceae 1

Polygalaceae 1

Punicaceae 1

Salvadoraceae 1

Simaroubaceae 1

Smilacaceae 1

Sonneratiaceae 1

Strychnaceae 1

Ulmaceae 1

Violaceae 1

Zygophyllaceae 1

Grand Total 350

Endangered plants

Floristic studies were conducted during November 2014 to know the presence of any

endangered/threatened/endemic plant species in and around proposed plant area and

surrounding 10 km radius. The study area did not record the presence of any critically

threatened species.






3.6.6 National Park/Sanctuary

As per Ministry of Environment & Forests Notifications and local forest notifications, there are

no wildlife/bird sanctuaries/national parks/ biospheres in 10-km radius from plant site.

Kondakamberu wildlife sanctuary is situated 15 km from the study area and north side of the

refinery. Kondakarla Bird Sanctuary which nearly 25 km from the refinery attracts migratory

birds.

3.6.7 Analysis of faunal diversity

3.6.7.1 Avifauna

A total of 72 species of birds were observed during the present survey in the 10 km radial

distance from the proposed project sites. The habitat types of the area include agricultural

land, scrub jungle, plantation, seasonal ponds, marshlands and fallow grasslands. The

common terrestrial species of the area include Indian Robin (Saxicoloides fulicata), Green

Bee-eater (Merops orientalis), Indian Roller (Coracias benghalensis) and Red vented

Bulbul (Pycnonotus cafer). The list of avifauna is presented in the following Table 3.35.

Indian Peafowl is the only schedule-I species found in the surrounding areas of the

refinery. They mostly found in the agricultural lands and scrub forest areas.

Table 3.35 : List of birds documented during the study period

S.No Common Name Scientific Name Family Migratory

Status

1 Ashy Drongo Dicrurus leucophaeus Dicruridae R

2 Ashy Prinia Prinia socialis Cisticolidae R

3 Ashy-crowned Sparrow Lark Eremopterix grisea Alaudidae

O

4 Asian Koel Eudynamys scolopacea Cuculidae R

5 Asian Palm Swift Cypsiurus balasiensis Apodidae R

6 Asian Paradise-Flycatcher Terpsiphone paradisi Muscicapidae

R

7 Asian Pied Starling Gracupica contra Sturnidae R

8 Baya Weaver Ploceus philippinus Ploceinae R

9 Bay-backed Shrike Lanius vittatus Laniidae R

10 Black Drongo Dicrurus macrocercus Dicruridae R

11 Black-headed Ibis Pseudibis papillosa Threskiornithidae R

12 Black-headed Oriole Oriolus xanthornus Oriolidae R







Status

13 Black-rumped Flameback Dinopium benghalense Picidae R

14 Black-shouldered Kite Elanus caeruleus Accipitridae R

15 Blue Rock Pigeon Columba livia Columbidae R

16 Blue-tailed Bee-eater Merops philippinus Meropide M

17 Brahminy starling Sturnus pagodarum Sturnidae R

18 Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis Ardeidae R

19 Common Cuckoo Cuculus canorus Cuculidae R

20 Common Hoopoe Upupa epops Upupidae R

21 Common Myna Acridotheres tristis Sturnidae R

22 Common Sandpiper Charadrius dubius Scolopacidae M

23 Common Swallow Hirundo rustica Hirundinidae M

24 Common Woodshrike Tephrodornis pondicerianus Tephrodornithidae

R

25 Coppersmith Barbet Megalaima haemacephala Capitonidae

R

26 Domestic Chicken Gallus gallus domesticus Phasianidae R

27 Eurasian Collared Dove Streptopelia decaocto Columbidae O

28 Golden Fronted Leafbird Chloropsis aurifrons Chloropseidae R

29 Greater Coucal Centropus sinensis Cuculidae R

30 Green Bee-eater Merops orientalis Meropidae R

31 Grey Francolin Francolinus pondicerianus Phasianidae

R

32 House Crow Corvus splendens Corvidae R

33 House Sparrow Passer domesticus Passeridae R

34 House Swift Apus affinis Apodidae R

35 Indian Cuckoo Cuculus micropterus Cuculidae R

36 Indian Grey Hornbill Ocyceros birostris Bucerotidae R

37 Indian Peafowl Pavo cristatus Phasianidae R

38 Indian Pond-Heron Ardeola grayii Ardeidae R

39 Indian Robin Saxicoloides fulicata Muscicapidae R

40 Indian Roller Coracias benghalensis Coraciidae R

41 Indian Silverbill Lonchura malabarica Estrildidae R

42 Indian Treepie Dendrocitta vagabunda Corvidae R

43 Intermediate Egret Mesophoyx intermedia Ardeidae R

44 Jungle Babbler Turdoides striatus Muscicapidae R

45 Jungle Bush-Quail Perdicula asiatica Phasianidae R

46 Jungle Owlet Glaucidium radiatum Strigidae R

47 Large Egret Casmerodius albus Ardeidae R

48 Lesser Coucal Centropus bengalensis Cuculidae R

49 Lesser Pied Kingfisher Ceryle rudis Cerylidae R

50 Little Brown Dove Streptopelia senegalensis Columbidae

R

51 Little Cormorant Microcarbo niger Phalacrocoracidae R

52 Little Egret Egretta Garzetta Ardeidae R

53 Oriental Magpie-Robin Copsychus saularis Muscicapidae R







Status

54 Paddyfield Pipit Anthus rufulus Motacillidae R

55 Pied Crested Cuckoo Clamator jacobinus Cuculidae R

56 Plain Prinia Prinia inornata Muscicapidae R

57 Plum-headed Parakeet Psittacula cyanocephala Psittacidae R

58 Purple-rumped Sunbird Nectarinia zeylonica Nectariniidae R

59 Red-rumped Swallow Hirundo daurica Hirundinidae R

60 Red-vented Bulbul Pycnonotus cafer Pycnonotidae R

61 Red-wattled Lapwing Vanellus indicus Charadriidae R

62 Rose-ringed Parakeet Psittacula krameri Psittacidae R

63 Rosy Starling Sturnus roseus Strunidae R

64 Rufous-backed Shrike Lanius schach Laniidae R

65 Small Blue Kingfisher Alcedo atthis Alcedinidae R

66 Spotted Dove Streptopelia chinensis Columbidae R

67 Spotted Owlet Athene brama Strigidae R

68 White-bellied Sea Eagle Haliaeetus leucogaster Accipitridae M

69 White-breasted Kingfisher Halcyon smyrnensis Alcedinidae

R

70 White-breasted Water hen Amaurornis phoenicurus Rallidae

R

71 White-browed Wagtail Motacilla maderaspatensis Motacillidae

R

72 White-necked Stork Ciconia episcopus Ciconiidae M

Note: R-Resident; M-migratory, O-Occasional

The bird species are identified with help of published books. Bird species are belong to 41

families and provided below in Table 3.36.

Table 3.36 : Details of Families of Birds Species with their number

Family No. of species

Cuculidae 6

Ardeidae 5

Muscicapidae 5

Columbidae 4

Phasianidae 4

Sturnidae 3

Accipitridae 2

Alcedinidae 2

Apodidae 2

Corvidae 2

Dicruridae 2

Hirundinidae 2






Laniidae 2

Motacillidae 2

Psittacidae 2

Strigidae 2

Alaudidae 1

Bucerotidae 1

Capitonidae 1

Cerylidae 1

Charadriidae 1

Chloropseidae 1

Ciconiidae 1

Cisticolidae 1

Coraciidae 1

Estrildidae 1

Meropidae 1

Meropide 1

Nectariniidae 1

Oriolidae 1

Passeridae 1

Phalacrocoracidae 1

Picidae 1

Ploceinae 1

Pycnonotidae 1

Rallidae 1

Scolopacidae 1

Strunidae 1

Tephrodornithidae 1

Threskiornithidae 1

Upupidae 1

Grand Total 72

3.6.7.2 Butterflies

A total of 27 butterfly species belonging to 6 families were recorded during the present

study (Table 3.37). At family level, the family Nymphalidae is the dominant one with 16

species followed by Pieridae with 4 species, Lycaenidae with 3 species and Papilionidae

with 2 species. The family wise distribution of butterflies is given in Table 3.38. Species

such as Chocolate Pansy, Common Jezebel, Plain Tiger, Common Crow, and Common

Grass Yellow were commonly seen in and around the proposed project site. Crimson

Rose, Danaid Eggfly and Common Pierrot are protected under schedule-I of Indian Wildlife

Protection Act 1972. Blue Mormon and Crimson Rose are endemic species found






occurring in the present study area, the distributions of which are restricted to the

Peninsular India and Srilanka (Kunte, 2000).

Table 3.37 : List of butterflies in the study area

S.No Common Name Scienticfic Name Family

1 Blue Pansy Junonia orithya Nymphalidae

2 Blue Tiger Tirumala limniace Nymphalidae

3 Chocolate Pansy Junonia iphita Nymphalidae

4 Common Baron Euthalia garuda Nymphalidae

5 Common Cerulean Jamides celeno Lycaenidae

6 Common Emigrant Catopsilia pomona Pieridae

7 Common Grass Yellow Eurema hecabe Pieridae

8 Common Indian Crow Euploea core Nymphalidae

9 Common Jezebel Delias eucharis Pieridae

10 Common Leopard Phalanta phalanta Nymphalidae

11 Common Mormon Papilio polytes Papilionidae

12 Common Pierrot Castalius rosimon Lycaenidae

13 Common Sailor Neptis hylas Nymphalidae

14 Crimson Rose Pachliopta hector Papilionidae

15 Danaid Egg fly Hypolimnas misippus Nymphalidae

16 Glassy Tiger Parantica algea Nymphalidae

17 Gram Blue Euchrysops cnejus Lycaenidae

18 Great Egg fly Hypolimnas bolina Nymphalidae

19 Grey Pansy Junonia atlites Nymphalidae

20 Indian Skipper Spialia galba Hesperiidae

21 Lemon Pansy Junonia lemonias Nymphalidae

22 Peacock Pansy Junonia almana Nymphalidae

23 Pioneer Anaphaeis aurota Pieridae

24 Plain Tiger Danaus chrysippus Nymphalidae

25 Plum Judy Abisara echerius Riodinidae

26 Striped Tiger Danaus genutia Nymphalidae

27 Yellow Pansy Junonia hierta Nymphalidae






Table 3.38 : Family wise distribution of butterflies in the study area

Family No of Species

Nymphalidae 16

Pieridae 4

Lycaenidae 3

Papilionidae 2

Hesperiidae 1

Riodinidae 1

Grand Total 27

3.6.7.3 Amphibians

Based on field observations and the available secondary information, a total of 5 species

of amphibians were recorded from the study area as given in the following Table 3.39.

Table 3.39 : List of amphibians recorded in the study area

Sl No Common Name Scientific Name Family

1 Asian Common Toad Bufo melanostictus Bufonidae

2 Common Tree Frog Polypedates maculatus Rhacophoridae

3 Indian Skipper Frog

Euphlyctis

cyanophlyctis Ranidae

4 Indus Valley Toad

Duttaphrynus

stomaticus Bufonidae

5 Paddyfield Frog Fejervarya limnocharis Dicroglossidae

3.6.7.4 Reptiles

Based on field observations and the available secondary information, a total of 17 species

of reptiles were recorded from the study area as given in the following Table 3.40. No

reptiles are coming under Schedule-I category of WPA.






Table 3.40 : List of reptiles recorded in the study area


1 Asian House Gecko Hemidactylus frenatus Gekkonidae

2 Banded Racer snake Argyrogena fasciolata Colubridae

3 Checkered Keelback Xenochrophis piscator Colubridae

4 Common Cat Sanke Boiga trigonata Colubridae

5 Common House GeckoHemidactylus flaviviridis Gekkonidae

6 Common Indian Krait Bungarus caeruleus Elapidae

7 Common Kukri Oligodon arnensis Colubridae

8 Common Sand Boa Gongylophis conicus Boidae

9 Common Skink Mabuya macularia Scincidae

10 Common Trinket Snake Coelognathus helena Colubridae

11 Indian Chameleon Chamaleon zeylanicus Chamaeleonidae

12 Indian fan-throated lizard Sitana ponticeriana Agamidae

13 Indian Rat Snake Ptyas mucosus Colubridae

14 Little Skink Lygosoma punctata Scincidae

15 Oriental Garden Lizard Calotes versicolor Agamidae

16 Russel's Kukri snake Oligodon taeniolatus Colubridae

17 Spectacled Cobra Naja naja Elapidae

3.6.7.5 Mammals

There are no major wild animals in the study area of 10 km radius and 14 mammals were

recorded in study area (Table 3.41).

Table 3.41 : Mammals recorded in the study area


IUCN Category

1 Black-napped Hare Lepus nigricollis Leporidae LC

2 Common House Mouse Mus musculus Muridae LC

3 Common House Rat Rattus rattus Muridae LC

4 Common Langur Semnopithecus entellus Cercopithecidae LC

5 Common Mongoose Herpestes edwardsi Herpestidae DD

6 Domestic Cat Felis catus Felidae LC

7 Domestic Cattle Bos taurus Bovidae LC

8 Domestic Dog Canis familiaris Canidae LC






3.6.8 Photographs of various Flora-Fauna species collected during Biological baseline

data collection

Photographs of various Flora and Fauna species collected during Biological baseline data

collection are presented below in Fig. 3.13 and Fig. 3.14 below

.


IUCN Category

9 Indian Crested Porcupine Hystrix indica Hystricidae LC

10 Indian Fox Vulpes bengalensis Canidae LC

11 Indian Hare Lepus nigricollis Leporidae LC

12 Jackal Canis aureus Canidae LC

13 Rhesus Macaque Macaca mulatta Cercopithecidae LC

14 Three-striped Palm squirrel

Funambulus palmarum Sciuridae LC






Ficus hispida Hyptis suaveolens Calamus rotang Tephrosia purpurea

Jatropha gossypifolia Cassia auriculata

Borassus flabilifer Anacardium occidentale

Fig. 3.13 : PHOTOGRAPHS OF VARIOUS FLORA SPECIES COLLECTED DURING SURVEY






Stachytarpheta indica Hybanthus enneaspermus Hemidesmus indicus Ixora arborea

Nymphaea nouchali Alternanthera paronychioides

: Agave Americana Barleria prionitis

Fig. 3.13 : PHOTOGRAPHS OF VARIOUS FLORA SPECIES COLLECTED DURING SURVEY

(Cont.)






Common Crow Blue Tiger

Black Ibis Little Cormorant (Meghadrigedda)

Indian Roller White bellied Sea Eagle

Bronze Winged Jacana Black Drongo (Meghadrigedda)

Fig. 3.14 : PHOTOGRAPHS OF VARIOUS FAUNA SPECIES COLLECTED

DURING SURVEY



PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



CHAPTER – 4

IMPACT ASSESSMENT




EIA STUDY FOR VISAKH REFINERY


4.0 IMPACT ASSESSMENT

In this chapter the likely impacts during construction and operation phases are

identified. Further, the impacts are assessed and evaluated considering spatial,

intensity, temporal and vulnerability scales. An overall assessment in terms of

significance value is derived by integrating all scales. Detailed methodology is given in

subsequent sections.

4.1 METHODOLOGY

The methodology adopted for assessing the potential positive and negative

environmental impacts from the proposed project is described below.

Step 1 : Identification of Environmental Impacts

All potential releases (emissions to air, generation of noise, effluent discharge, etc.)

from the construction & operation phases of the proposed project have been identified.

The potential positive and negative environmental impacts from these releases and

other activities of the project have been identified.

Step 2 : Environmental Impact Assessment

The Significance (S) of the Environmental Impacts is identified and assessed by the

following characteristics:

Intensity (I) of the environmental impact;

Spatial extension (Sp) of the environmental impact;

Temporal duration (T) of the environmental impact;&

Environmental Vulnerability (V) of the impacted area.






Determination of Impact Intensity (I):

Impact Intensity has been assessed based on the following criteria:

H (High):

Emissions/generation of highly pollutant substances, emissions/generation of

high quantity of pollutant substances and/or high noise emission.

High consumption of resources (such as energy, water, land, fuel, chemicals)

Felling of large of trees or death of fauna

M (Medium):

Emissions/generation of moderately pollutant substances, emissions/generation

of moderate quantity of pollutant substances and/or moderately high noise

emission

Moderate consumption of resources (such as energy, water, land, fuel,

chemicals)

Felling of few trees or physical damage of fauna

L (Low):

Emissions/generation of low pollutant substances, emissions/generation of low

quantity of pollutant substances and/or low noise emission

Low consumption of resources (such as energy, water, land, fuel, chemicals)

Damage to few trees or disturbance/ disorientation of fauna

N (Negligible):

Emissions/generation of very low pollutant substances, emissions/generation of

very low quantity of pollutant substances and/or very low noise emission

Very low consumption of resources (such as energy, water, land, fuel,

chemicals)

No measurable damage to flora/fauna






Determination of Impact Spatial extension (Sp) and Spatial Criteria (Is) :

Impact Spatial extension has been assessed based on the following criteria:

H (High): the impact extends in a wide area outside the site (about 10 km or

more)

M (Medium): the impact extends in a restricted area outside the site (< 10 km)

L (Low): the impact extends inside the site.

N (Negligible): the impact extends in a restricted area inside the site.

The product of Impact Intensity and Impact Spatial extension gives the impact

evaluation as per Spatial criteria (Is).

Table 4.1 : Matrix for Evaluating Spatial criteria

Determination of Impact Temporal duration (T) and Temporal Criteria (It)

Impact Temporal Duration has been assessed based on the following criteria:

H (Very High): the impact has an important long-term effect (> 5 years)

H (High): the impact has an important long-term effect (1-5 years)

M (Medium): the impact has a medium-term effect (1 week – 1 year)

L (Low): the impact has a temporary and short-term effect (1 day – 1 week)

N (Negligible): the impact has an immediate effect and it is solved in a very

short time.

HIGH MEDIUM LOW NEGLIGIBLE

HIGH H H H H

MEDIUM H M M M

LOW M L L L

NEGLIGIBLE N N N N

Impact Spatial extension (Sp)

Impac

t In

tensi

ty (I)

Impact evaluation as per SPATIAL CRITERIA (Is)






The product of Impact Temporal duration and Spatial criteria gives the Impact

Evaluations as per Temporal Criteria (It).

Table 4.2 : Matrix for Evaluating Temporal criteria

Determination of Environmental Vulnerability (V) and Significance (S)

Environmental Vulnerability has been assessed based on the following criteria:

H (High): Particular interesting area from the environmental, historical, social point

of view. Parks, natural reserves and / or special areas of conservation.

Contaminated areas in which a further impact may generate non-compliance with

local environmental limits.

M (Medium): Interesting area from the environmental, historical, social point of

views. Residential areas with low population density. Agricultural areas, forests,

public parks.

L (Low): Industrial and commercial areas.

The product of Vulnerability and Temporal criteria gives the Significance of the impact.

VERY HIGH HIGH MEDIUM LOW NEGLIGIBLE

HIGH H H H H H

MEDIUM H M M M L

LOW M M L L L

NEGLIGIBLE N N N N N

Impact evaluation as per TEMPORAL CRITERIA (It)

Impact

Is

Impact Temporal duration (T)






Table 4.3 : Matrix for Evaluating Significance

The Impact Significance (S) levels obtained from the above-matrix are defined as

follows:

H (High): Causes severe and acute effects to receptors, severe and irreversible

deterioration of the quality of environment, and irreversible modification of landscape

or of ecological equilibrium.

M (Medium): Causes moderate effects to receptors, reversible deterioration of the

quality of environment, and reversible modifications of landscape or ecological

equilibrium.

L (Low): Causes limited effects to receptors, quickly reversible deterioration of the

quality of environment, and slight and reversible modification of landscape or

ecological equilibrium.

N (Negligible): Causes negligible or no effects to receptors, slight and reversible

deterioration of quality of the environment, no measurable changes at landscape or

ecological level.

The assessment has been carried out for each of the potential environmental impacts

during both construction and operation, and has been discussed in this chapter.

HIGH MEDIUM LOW

HIGH H H M

MEDIUM H M M

LOW M M L

NEGLIGIBLE L N N

Impact evaluation as per VULNERABILITY

CRITERIA (SIGNIFICANCE S)

VULNERABILITY (V)

Impac

t It






4.2 IDENTIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

The environmental impacts associated with the proposed project on various

environmental components such as air, water, noise, soil, flora, fauna, land,

socioeconomic, etc. has been identified using Impact Identification Matrix (Table 4.4).

Table 4.4 : Impact Identification Matrix

Physical Biological Socio-

economic

Activities

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CONSTRUCTION PHASE Site preparation * *

Civil works

* * *

* *

Heavy equipment operations *

Disposal of construction wastes *

Generation/disposal of sewerage * *

Transportation of materials

* *

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE PHASE Commissioning of Process units, utilities and offsites

* * * * * * *

Storage of Products *

Waste management- liquid and solid waste * *

Transportation of products * *






4.3 AIR ENVIRONMENT

4.3.1 CONSTRUCTION PHASE

Construction activities are anticipated to take place over a period of at least four years

from Zero date of Construction. Following mechanical completion, Commissioning and

production ramp-up leading to 100% capacity utilization will be achieved in two years.

Potential emissions sources during construction phase include the following:

Site preparation and civil works

Storage and handling of construction material (e,g. sand, cement) at proposed

project site.

Operation of temporary Diesel Generator (DG) sets

Movement of vehicles carrying equipment, construction material and project-

related personnel

The impacts are described below:

Dust will be generated from earth-moving, grading and civil works, and

movement of vehicles on unpaved roads.

PM, CO, NOx, & SO2 will be generated from operation of diesel sets and diesel

engines of machineries and vehicles.

The significance of the impacts of air emissions on ambient air quality during

construction phase is summarized in Table 4.5.

Table 4.5 : Impact of air emissions (construction phase)

Factors of

assessment

Value of

assessment

Justification

Intensity Low Emissions of low quantity/Low consumption

of power

Spatial Low Impact extends inside the site

Temporal Low The impact has a temporary and short term

effect

Vulnerability Low Open area






Evaluation of factors

Impact(Is) Low By combining intensity and spatial factors

as per methodology given in Section 4.1

Impact(It) Low By combining Is and temporal factors as

per methodology given in Section 4.1

Overall

Significance Value

of Impact (S)

Low By combining It and Vulnerability factors as


Mitigation Measures

Ensuring preventive maintenance of vehicles and equipment.

Ensuring vehicles with valid Pollution under Control certificates are used.

Avoiding unnecessary engine operations.

Implementing dust control activities such as water sprinkling on unpaved sites.

Controlled vehicle speed on site

Ensuring vehicle are covered during transportation of material

4.3.2 OPERATION PHASE

4.3.2.1 EMISSIONS FROM COMBUSTION SOURCES

The status of SO2 and NOx releases from Base case of 8.33 MMTPA and Expansion case of 15 MMTPA case are depicted below in Tables 4.6, 4.7 & 4.8.

Table 4.6 : DETAILS OF VARIOUS STACKS EMISSIONS IN BASE CASE

Sr.No. Stack TAG No. Process Unit

SO2 (Present

levels) kg/hr

NO2 (Present

levels) kg/hr

1 2F01 CDU-I 7.43 1.95

2 2F02 CDU-I 4.38 1.28

3 2F04 CDU-I 4.91 2.22

4 11F1 CDU-II 8.44 4.14

5 12F1 CDU-II 27.74 10.60

6 46F01 CDU-III 11.6 6.8

7 42F1 CDU-III 6.8 2.60

8 42F2 CDU-III 11.88 4.75

9 4F-51 FCCU-I 5.31 2.82






Sr.No. Stack TAG No. Process Unit

SO2 (Present

levels) kg/hr

NO2 (Present

levels) kg/hr

10 4-F-52

CO BOILER-

FCCU I/FGD-I 6 4.93

11 14-F-01 FCCU-II 5.88 2.29

12 14-F-3

CO BOILER

FCCU-II/FGD-II 10 6.32

13 60F1 DHDS 5.03 2.23

14 60F11 DHDS 4.13 2.86

15 61F1 DHDS 0.76 0.87

16 72-F-01 NHT 3.82 2.91

17 74-F-1 CCR 9.21 7.58

18 75-F-1 FCC NHT 1 0.46

19 65-X-001 SRU Train I & II 43.1 4.08

20 79-X-310 SRU Train III 29.1 3.50

21 1 IBH 9 8.69 10.02

22 1 CPP- HRSG III 35.98 51.84

23 1 CPP HRSG IV 29.38 35.8

24 1 CPP- HRSG V 28.06 34.65

25 1 CPP- HRSG VI 26.4 29.19

26

90-F-01 &

90-F-02

Combined Feed

Heater & Product

Fractionator

Reboiler (DHT) 43.90 24.88

27 91-M-20

HGU/

Reformer(DHT)

0.8 27.93

28 91-F-01

HGU/ Naphtha

Superheater

(DHT) 0.02 0.4

29 92-M-22

SRU Incinerator

(DHT) 13.7

5.7

Total (kg/hr) 393.45 295.6

Total (TPD) 9.45 7.1



PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



Table 4.7 : DETAILS OF VARIOUS EXISTING STACKS EMISSIONS IN VRMP CASE

Sr. No.

Stack TAG

No. Process Unit

SO2 (VRMP

Case levels)

(kg/hr)

SO2 (VRMP

Case levels)

(mg/Nm3)

MOEF 2008

Standards

(mg/Nm3)

NO2 (VRMP

Case levels)

(kg/hr)

NO2 (VRMP

Case levels)

(mg/Nm3)

MOEF 2008

Standards

(mg/Nm3)

1 11F1 CDU-II 12.76 256.9

850 13.10 263.7

350

2 12F1 CDU-II 4.12 256.7

850 4.12 256.7

350

3 42F1 CDU-III 13.06 257.0

850 13.30 261.7

350

4 42F2 CDU-III 3.87 257.1

850 3.87 257.1

350

5 4F-51 FCCU-I 2.19 256.4

850 1.90 222.5

350

6 4-F-52

CO BOILER- FCCU

I/FGD-I 9.47 370.0

850

0.00 0

350

7 14-F-01 FCCU-II 1.28 257.3

850 1.80 361.8

350

8 14-F-3

CO BOILER FCCU-

II/FGD-II 50.39 393.7

850

0.00 0

350

9 60F1 DHDS 3.21 257.3

850 2.70 216.4

350

10 72-F-01 NHT 15.53 256.9

850 12.40 205.1

350

11 74-F-1 CCR 35.86 257.0

850 30.00 215.0

350

12 75-F-1 FCC NHT 0.55 255.4

850 0.50 232.2

350

13 65-X-001 SRU Train I & II 16.29 681.6

850 1.0 41.8

350

14 79-X-310 SRU Train III 12.1 342.2

850 0.9 40.0

350

15 1 IBH 9 28.11 257.0

850 22.50 205.7

350






16 1 CPP- HRSG III 0.01 9.0

850 0.00 0.0

350

17 1 CPP- HRSG IV 0.01 9.0

850 0.00 0.0

350

18 1 CPP- HRSG V 0.01 9.0

850 0.00 0.0

350

19 1 CPP- HRSG VI 0.00 0.0

850 0.00 0.0

350

20 1 DHT 16.98 256.9

850 17.10 258.7

350

21 1

HGU (SUPER

HEATER)-DHT 0.02 13.2

850

0.30 198.2

350

22 1

HGU

(REFORMER)-DHT 0.77 11.1

850

20.00 287.0

350

23 1 SRU/TGTU (DHT) 25.17 702.1

850 3.5 97.6

350

Total (kg/hr) 239.66 148.09

Total (TPD) 5.8 3.55






Table 4.8 : DETAILS OF VARIOUS NEW STACKS EMISSIONS IN VRMP CASE

Proposed New Stacks - VRMP

SO2

(kg/hr)

SO2

(mg/Nm3)

MOEF 2008

Standards

(mg/Nm3) NO2 (kg/hr)

NO2

(mg/Nm3)

MOEF 2008

Standards

(mg/Nm3)

1 1 No. CDU IV 41.5 514.25 850 50.3 623.3 350

2 1 No. VDU IV 18.1 515.136 850 21.9 623.2 350

3 1 No.

HCU

14.8

87.13

850 18.2

107.1

350

4 1 No. 28.8 850 35.3 350

5 1 No.

SHCU

12.1

179.8

850 14.8

219.9

350

6 1 No. 28.2 850 34.5 350

7 1 No. SDA 19.4 256.6 850 23.8 314.8 350

8 1 No. HGU Train 1 2.6

0.5

850 29.3

5.9

350

9 1 No. HGU Train 2 2.6 850 29.3 350

10 1 No. SRU/ TGTU Train 1 17.0 700.3 850 9.1 305.4 350

11 1 No. SRU/ TGTU Train 2 17.0 700.3 850 9.1 305.4 350

12 1 No. New GTG + HRSG 1 2.3 5 50 20.8 35 250

13 1 No. New GTG + HRSG 2 2.3 5 50 20.8 35 250

14

1 No.W + 1

No.S New Boiler 1 27.4

245.7 850

NA

0 350

Total (kg/hr) 234.1 317.2

Total (TPD) 5.7 7.6






Impacts of Emissions before VRMP project

From Table 4.6, it can be noted that presently for a total release of 393.45 kg/hr of

SOX and 295.6 kg/hr of NOx, the resultant baseline ambient air quality measured is

18.8 (g/m3) SOx and 22.7 (g/m3) NOx and is tabulated below in Table - 4.9.

Table 4.9 : Impact of emissions before VRMP

Pollutants Total emissions released

(kg/hr)

Measured (98 Percentile) ambient

air quality (g/m3)

SO2 393.45 18.8

NOx 295.6 22.7

Impacts of emissions after VRMP project from existing stacks

From Table-4.7, it can be noted that there shall be a reduction of about 39.0% of total

SO2 and about 50% of total NOx after VRMP from the existing stacks. Accordingly, it

is estimated that there shall be a reduction of 39% of total SO2 and about 50% of total

NOx in ambient baseline concentrations and the details are given in Table - 4.10

below.

Table 4.10 : Impacts of Emissions after VRMP (For existing stacks)

Pollutants Total emissions released

(kg/hr)

Measured (98 Percentile)

ambient air quality (g/m3)

Before

VRMP

After

VRMP

Before

VRMP

After

VRMP

SO2 393.45 239.66 18.8 11.45

NOx 295.60 148.09 22.7 11.37

Impacts of emissions after VRMP project from New stacks

The total SO2 emissions before and after VRMP will be 9.45 TPD and 11.5 TPD,

respectively. It is to be noted that presently consented limit for SO2 release is 11.5

TPD. The total NOx emissions before and after VRMP will be 7.1 TPD and 11.15 TPD

.From Table-4.8, it can be noted that there shall be an additional release of 234.1 kg/hr

(5.6 TPD) of SO2 and 317.2 kg/hr (7.6 TPD) of NOx. An air modeling has been carried




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out for predicting max ground level concentrations (GLC) using Aermod. Details of

modeling and isopleths are given in Annexure-XIV. The summary of resultant GLC’s

are estimated and given below in Table 4.11.

Table 4.11 : Resultant GLC after VRMP

Pollutants SO2 NOx

Baseline (Estimated)

Predicted value

Resultant Baseline (Estimated)

Predicted value

Resultant

Value in g/m3

11.45 29.64 41.09 11.37 37.63 49.0

Standard value in g/m3

80.0 80.0

The details of gases generated from various units alongwith isopleths results are

detailed in Annexure-XIV.

4.3.2.2 FUGITIVE EMISSIONS

Presently in compliance to refinery environmental standards, Leak detection survey is

carried out monthly at all the unit areas, offsites within the refinery. It is to be noted that

no fugitive emissions are detected so far. Additional storage tanks will be operated

under same conditions/practices. It is envisaged that all leaks will be identified through

LDAR programme which is as per the existing practice.

The significance of the impacts of air emissions on ambient air quality during operation

phase is summarized in Table 4.12.

Table 4.12 : Impact of air emissions (operation phase)

Factors of

assessment

Value of

assessment

Justification

Intensity Low Resultant baseline concentrations for SO2 &

NOx are found well within prescribed

National Ambient Air Quality Standards

(NAAQS)

Spatial Low Dispersion of these emissions leading to




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Mitigation measures

A separate process unit for recovery of sulphur (SRU) will be developed

Developing green belt in the proposed new premises.

Ensuring preventive maintenance of equipment.

Regular monitoring of air polluting concentrations.

Provision of Low NOx burners is envisaged in all furnaces.

4.4 WATER ENVIRONMENT


During construction phase, raw water will be required for the following purposes:

Civil works ( such as cement preparation, curing)

Hydro testing ( of tanks and associated piping)

Domestic use (such as washing, laundry etc.)

Water sprinkling on site for dust abatement

Presently, Raw water is sourced from Greater Visakha Municipal Corporation-GVMC

for existing refinery operation purposes. The additional raw water required for the

above mentioned uses will be tapped from the existing refinery system. Copy of

Ground level concentration (GLC) lies inside

the site.

Temporal High

the impact has an important long-term effect

(1-5 years)



Impact(Is) Low By combining intensity and spatial factors as


Impact(It) Medium

By combining Is and temporal factors as per

methodology given in Section 4.1

Overall

Significance

Value of Impact(S)

Medium

By combining It and Vulnerability factors as





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consent letter from GVMC is given in Annexure-XIII. Based on the above, there will be

minimal and reversible impact on water environment.

The significance of the impact of raw water consumption on local water resources

during construction phase is summarized in Table 4.13.

Table 4.13 : Impact of water consumption (construction phase)

Factors of

assessment

Value of

assessment

Justification

Intensity Low Raw water requirement is met from already

permitted quantity for Refinery.

Spatial low The impact extends in a restricted area within

the site

Temporal Medium The impact has a temporary and short term

effect

Vulnerability Low Designated Industrial area



Impact(It) Low By combining Is and temporal factors

Overall

Significance

Value of

Impact(S)

Low By combining It and Vulnerability factors

The effluent streams that will be generated regularly during construction stage include

the following:

Sewage and grey water from work sites

Cleaning and washing water for vehicle and equipment maintenance area.

During construction, waste materials would contribute to certain amount of water

pollution. But these would be for a short duration. All liquid waste will be collected and

disposed to identify water impoundment within the construction site. Later at frequent




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intervals the same shall be disposed through tankers using gully suckers to common

waste treatment facility.

The significance of the impact of waste water generation during construction phase is

summarized in Table 4.14.

Table 4.14 : Impact of effluent generation (construction phase)

Factors of Assessment Value of

assessment

Justification

Intensity Low Releases of low quantity

Spatial Low Impact extends in a restricted area inside

the site (< 1 km)

Temporal Low The impact has a temporary and short term

effect (1 day – 1 week)





Overall Significance

Value of Impact(S)


Mitigation Measures

Monitoring water usage at work sites to prevent wastage.

A new STP as a part of envisaged IETP will be installed for treatment of sanitary

waste water.

Operation Phase

Impact Evaluation

The impact on water environment during the operation phase of the proposed changes

shall be in terms of water consumption and waste water generation due to process

activities. Approximately 18.8 MLD (784 m3/hr) fresh water is required for various

activities of the proposed project.




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Presently, Raw water is sourced from M/s Greater Visakha Municipal Corporation-

GVMC for existing refinery operation purposes. The additional raw water required for the

above mentioned purposes will be partially met from GVMC and balance from Refinery

recycled water. Based on the above, there will be minimal and reversible impact on

water environment

The impact of water consumption on local resources during operation phase is


Table 4.15 : Impact of water consumption (operation phase)

Factors of

assessment

Value of

assessment

Justification

Intensity Low Sourced from already available approved

quantity

Spatial low The impact extends in a restricted area

within the site

Temporal Medium the water required for project will be sourced

from the municipality

Vulnerability Low Designated Industrial area





Value of Impact (S)


There shall be ~332 m3/hr of waste water generation from the proposed facilities. A new

Integrated Effluent Treatment Plant (IETP) will be developed for treating the waste

water from all the existing ETP’s together. Also, as a measure of conservation of water,

it is considered that approximately 665 m3/hr of water will be recycled from the total

estimated effluent of 800 m3/hr.

The impact of effluent generation during operation phase is summarized in Table 4.16.




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Table 4.16 : Impact of effluent generation (operation phase)

Factors of

assessment

Value of

assessment

Justification

Intensity Low Release of low quantity

Spatial Low Impact extends in a restricted area outside the

site (< 1 km)

Temporal Low The impact has a temporary and short term effect

(1 day – 1 week)






Value of Impact (S)


Mitigation Measures

Installation of rainwater harvesting structures to collect and use rainwater,

thereby reducing abstraction.

Proposed IETP shall recycle the treated effluent to achieve zero discharge from

refinery.

4.5 NOISE ENVIRONMENT


The main sources of noise during construction will be :

Site preparation.

Civil works

Heavy equipment operations

Construction noise levels associated with typical machinery based on “BS 5228: 1997

Noise and Vibration Control on Construction and Operation Sites” are summarized in the

Table 4.17.




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Table 4.17 : Sound Pressure (noise) levels of Construction Machinery

Item Description Noise Level dB(A) Reference

Distance

Earth Movers

Front Loaders

Backhoes

Tractors

Scrapers, Graders

Pavers

Trucks

72-84

72-93

72-96

80-93

86-88

82-94

0.9 m

"

"

"

"

"

Material Handlers

Concrete Mixers

Concrete Pumps

Cranes (movable)

Cranes (derrick)

75-88

81-83

75-86

86-88

0.9 m

"

"

'

Item Description Noise Level dB(A) Reference

Distance

Stationary Equipment

Pumps

Generators

Compressors

69-71

71-82

74-86

0.9 m

"

"

The impact of noise emissions on ambient noise levels are summarized in Table 4.12:

Table 4.18 : Impact on Ambiant Noise (construction phase)

Factors of

assessment

Value of

assessment

Justification


Spatial Low Impact extends inside site

Temporal Low The impact has a temporary and short

term effect (1 day – 1 week)





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Factors of assessment Value of assessment Justification


Impact(Is) Low By combining intensity and spatial

factors



Value of Impact (S)


Mitigation Measures

Ensuring preventive maintenance of equipments and vehicles.

Avoiding unnecessary engine operations (e.g. equipments with intermitted use

switched off when not working).

Ensuring DG sets are provided with acoustic enclosures and exhaust mufflers.


During operational phase of the proposed project, the noise shall be caused due to

various rotating equipment viz. Pumps, Compressors & Mixers, Cooling Tower etc. The

Table 4.17 gives the listing of various noise generating sources along with their design

noise level considered. The impact of these noise emissions during operation is


Table 4.19 : Impact on ambient noise (operation phase)

Factors of

assessment

Value of

assessment

Justification


Spatial Low The impact extends inside the site.

Temporal High The impact has an important and long term

effect (1 – 5 years)




Impact(It) Medium By combining Is and temporal factors


Value of Impact (S)

Medium By combining It and Vulnerability factors




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Mitigation Measures

Avoiding continuous (more than 8 hrs) exposure of workers to high noise areas.

Provision of ear muffs at the high noise areas

Ensuring preventive maintenance of equipment.

Ensuring DG sets have acoustic enclosures and exhaust mufflers as per design.

4.6 LAND ENVIRONMENT

The thematic map of Land use indicating buildup, Agriculture, Industrial, Residential,

Commercial etc within study area super imposed with project boundary is given in

Annexure IV. From the map it, can be noted that the proposed project location is

situated at industrial area.


The impact on land environment during construction phase shall be due to generation of

debris/construction material, which shall be properly collected and disposed off.

However, being the modifications limited to existing area, the generation of such waste

shall be minimal.

During construction, there will be no routine discharge or activity potentially impacting

soils and groundwater.

The impact on land use and topography during construction phase is summarized in

Table 4.20.




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Table 4.20 : Impact on Land Use & Topography

(construction phase)

Factors of

assessment

Value of

assessment

Justification

Intensity Low Solid waste is generated during the

construction period and the same shall be

disposed suitably.


Temporal Medium the impact has a medium-term effect

(1 week – 1 year)





Overall

Significance Value

of Impact (S)


There is potential for impact on soil quality due to project-related spills and leaks of fuel

and chemicals and uncontrolled disposal of wastes and wastewater. Care will be taken

to avoid spills and leaks of hazardous substances and all project-related wastes.

Littering of sites and areas beyond the site will be controlled.

The impact on soil quality during construction phase is summarized in Table 4.21.

Table 4.21 : Impact on soil quality (construction phase)

Factors of

assessment

Value of

assessment

Justification



Temporal Medium The impact has a medium-term effect

(1 week – 1 year)





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Value of Impact (S)


Mitigation Measures

Restricting all construction activities inside the project boundary.

Ensuring the top soil is not contaminated with any type of spills.

Ensuring any material resulting from clearing and grading should not be deposited on

approach roads, streams or ditches, which may hinder the passage and/or natural water

drainage.

Developing project specific waste management plan and hazardous material handling

plan for the construction phase.


The impact on land environment during operational phase shall be due to disposal of

solid and hazardous waste generated during operation. Details of solid waste that will be

generated from the proposed project has been already covered in chapter 2. The

impacts on soil quality during operation phase are summarized in Table 4.22.

Table 4.22 : Impact on soil quality (operation phase)

Factors of

assessment

Value of

assessment

Justification



Temporal Low the impact has a short term effect





Overall

Significance Value

of Impact (S)





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Mitigation Measures

Disposing of hazardous wastes to vendors authorized by the concerned statutory

authorities.

4.7 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

4.7.1 Construction phase

Impact Evaluation

The proposed facilities are to be developed within the available area of the existing refinery.

This area is a graded land without any thick vegetation. Also, there exists primary fauna

within the refinery premises.

The project site does not harbor any fauna of importance. Therefore, the impact of

construction activities on fauna will be insignificant. The impacts on flora and fauna during

construction phase are summarized in Table 4.23.

Table 4.23 : Impact on Biological Environment (construction phase)

Factors of

assessment

Value of

assessment

Justification

Intensity Low Clearing of scanty vegetation


Temporal Low The impact has short term effect due to

clearance of scanty vegetation.

Vulnerability Low Industrial area





Value of Impact (S)





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Mitigation Measures:

Closing of trenches as soon as possible of construction.

Prevent littering of work sites with wastes, especially plastic and hazardous waste.

Training of drivers to maintain speed limits.

4.7.2 Operation phase

Impact Evaluation

The impacts due to proposed project activities during operation phase shall be limited to

long run impact of emissions and traffic movement. Details of all type of impacts that can

occur during operation phase is listed in section 3.6 of chapter 3.0.

Impacts on Flora & Fauna during operation phase are summarized in Table 4.24.

Table 4.24 : Impact on Biological Environment (operation phase)

Factors of

assessment

Value of

assessment

Justification

Intensity Low Resultant GLC’s within the ambient air quality

standards


Temporal Low Impact has an temporary and short term effect

Vulnerability Low Industrial area




Overall

Significance

Value of Impact

(S)


Mitigation measures

Maintain the greenbelt already developed

Plant additional trees during operation phase




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4.8 SOCIO ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT


The issues need to be addressed during the construction phase of the project include

the effect of employment generation and additional transport requirements on local

infrastructural facilities. These are only short term impacts lasting during the construction

phase of the project.

4.8.1.1 Employment Generation

The construction phase is expected to span for four years. During this phase, the major

socio-economic impact will be in the sphere of generation of temporary employment of

very substantial number of personnel. Based upon the information on the construction of

other similar plants, it can be observed that the number of personnel needed for the

proposed project during the construction phase, average manpower requirement is 2000

people and during third & fourth year is around 6000 people

At any time, the share of managerial, skilled and unskilled people can be taken to be

20%, 30% and 50% respectively.

Even though modification is located in industrial area, its surrounding is an established

habituated area especially towards south. It is understood that sufficient construction

labourers (floating, if not locals) are already available in the impact area who can be

utilise during the construction phase of the proposed plant.

4.8.1.2 Effect on Transport

Transport requirements will arise during the construction phase due to the movement of

both the personnel and materials.

The site is well connected to direct road on four sides.




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(a) Transport of Personnel

Transport of the managerial personnel is likely to increase the vehicular traffic on the

roads connecting the proposed site to the city. The incremental traffic for the additional

people would be about 50 cars.

(b) Transport of construction materials

The transport of construction materials to the project site will result in increased traffic in

the impact area. The constructions of capital intensive structures such as reactors and

columns require iron and steel, heavy construction equipment and other construction

materials. They will have to be transported to the site using trucks. Roughly, on an

average of approximately 10 trucks per day will be needed for transporting the

construction materials.

(c) Effect on local traffic

The incremental daily traffic during construction phase works out to be about 20 cars

and 6 buses per day.

4.8.1.3 Effect on Other Local Infrastructure

The majority of skilled and unskilled labourers are available in the impact area itself, the

incremental effect on housing during the construction phase will be minimal. But, during

the working hours of the day, the demand for food, water, sanitation and health facilities

at the construction site will go up.

Though the truck drivers appear to form a floating population, there will be a general flow

of this group throughout the duration of the construction phase. There will be an impact

on basic necessities like shelter, food, water, sanitation and medical facilities for the

truck drivers. The impact of construction activities on socio-economic environment

during construction phase is summarized in Table 4.25.




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Table 4.25 : Impact on Socio-Economic Environment (construction phase)

Factors of assessment Value of

assessment

Justification

Intensity Low Involvement of labour, infrastructure

and other utilities in a phased manner.

Also it is considered as a positive

impact in terms of employment

generation

Spatial Low Impact extends in a restricted area

outside the boundary (< 1 km). Also

this is a positive impact in terms of

employment generation.

Temporal Low The impact has an medium term effect

(1 week – 1 year). Also this is a

positive impact in terms of

employment generation



Impact(Is) Low By combining intensity and spatial

factors



Value of Impact(S)

Low By combining It and Vulnerability

factors

Mitigation Measures

Conducting awareness programmes for workers.

Monitoring speed and route of project-related vehicles

Determining safe, legal load limits of all bridges and roads that will be used by heavy

vehicles and machinery.

Determining allowable traffic patterns in the affected area throughout the work week

will be made based on community use, include a consideration of the large turning




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requirements of certain vehicles/machineries that might increase congestion and

traffic hazards

Consolidating deliveries of materials and personnel to project sites, whenever

feasible, to minimize flow of traffic

Minimizing interruption of access to community for use of public infrastructure

Providing prior notice to affected parties when their access will be blocked, even

temporarily.

Preventing use of drugs and alcohol in project-sites

Preventing possession of firearms by project-personnel, except those responsible for

security.

4.8.2 OPERATIONAL PHASE

Operational phase of the plant covers the entire life span of the plant. Hence the impacts

of the operational phase extend over a long period of time. These impacts include

employment generation, effects on transport and other basic infrastructure. Moreover, all

the facilities required for this Visakha Refinery Modernization Project (VRMP) shall be

present in existing Refinery premises and already acquired leased plots available

adjacent to refinery. Hence there is no applicability of Rehabilitation and Resettlement

policy (R&R) for this project. All these areas are under direct control of HPCL and there

is no settlement inside boundaries of these areas.

Employment Scenario

Employment for 450 employees directly and another 500 for additional contract

employees for regular maintenance is envisaged during the operation phase.

Effect on Transport

Transport requirements will arise due to the movement of both the personnel and

materials.

(a) Transport of Personnel

There shall be increase in additional load on traffic due to transport of personnel.




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(b) Transport due to movement of materials/products

Presently ~80% of the products are evacuated through pipelines, sea and rail transport.

Remaining ~20% of the products are evacuated through a dedicated marketing terminal

located adjacent to the refinery. A dedicated parking space is available for same. This is

Sufficient for proper parking of approximately 300 trucks whereas about 260 trucks are

operated presently. It is estimated that there will be an additional requirement of 20

trucks. Hence, the existing parking space is adequate.

(c) Effect on local traffic

The incremental traffic during the operational phase works out to be about 3 buses per

day. The impact of these activities on socio-economic environment during operation

phase is summarized in Table 4.26.

Table 4.26 : Impact on Socio-Economic Environment (operation phase)

Factors of

assessment

Value of

assessment

Justification

Intensity Low Involvement of labour, infrastructure and

other utilities in marginal quantities/Nos.

Spatial Medium Impact extends in a restricted area outside

the site

Temporal Medium The impact has a medium term effect





Overall

Significance Value

of Impact (S)





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Mitigation Measures

Extending reach of CSR Program


4.9 SUMMARY OF IMPACTS:

Based on the above evaluation the significance value of impact on various components

of environment during construction and operation phases is summarized and is given in

Table 4.27.

Table 4.27 : Summary of Impact Evaluation in terms of Significance Value

Environmental component Construction Operation

Air Low Medium

Water Consumption of Raw Water Low Low

Generation of Effluent Low Low

Land Land use & Topography Low -

Soil Quality Low Low

Noise Low Medium

Biological Low Low

Socio-Economic Low Low






PROJECT OF M/S HPCL

5.1 INTRODUCTION

The effectiveness of various mitigation measures described in Chapter- 4 will be

monitored through a well-defined environmental monitoring programme. This will be

done by direct measurement of parameters related to environmental quality, emissions,

discharges etc.

5.2 OBJECTIVES OF MONITORING

The objectives of monitoring are:

To check effectiveness of mitigation measures

To evaluate the adequacy of Environmental Impact Assessment

To assess status of compliance to legal requirements

To assess if the Environmental Management Plan needs revisions/ updation

5.3 MONITORING SCHEDULE

Presently Environmental Monitoring of all required parameters in Refinery is carried out

by Third party inspection periodically apart from refineries environmental monitoring of

various parameters. Refinery has a dedicated laboratory facility which tests the shift

samples from all environmental control units. Under technical services department,

process safety & environmental (PS&E) is as separate division which looks after the

environmental and project safety functions. The existing practice shall be extended for

the proposed project. The proposed environmental monitoring program during both

construction and operation phases of the project are given in Table 5.1 and Table 5.2

below:






PROJECT OF M/S HPCL

Table 5.1 : Environmental monitoring program (construction phase)

Sl.

No.

Component Location Parameters Frequency

Air Environment

1. Ambient air

quality

Monitoring at existing

continuous ambient

air quality monitoring

stations.

Ambient air quality

parameters as per

NAAQS viz. PM10,

PM2.5,SOx, NOx, CO

As per existing

practice.

Water Environment

1. Drinking Water

quality

One of the drinking

water taps

According to IS:10500 Once in a

Month

Land Environment

1. Waste (including

hazardous)

Construction sites Quantity / volume

generated and disposed

As per

requirement.

Noise Environment

1. Ambient noise

levels

Near construction

sites

Ambient noise levels (Leq

day & Leq night)

Once in a

month

Table 5.2 : Environmental monitoring program (operation phase)

Sl. No. Component Details Frequency

Air Environment

1 Stack emission

characteristics

Monitoring at all stacks for

PM, SOx, NOx and HC

Online analyzers shall

be installed as per the

existing practices

2. Ambient air quality

Monitoring at existing

continuous ambient air

quality monitoring stations

for PM10, PM2.5,SOx, NOx,

VOC and HC

Existing practice will be

continued.






PROJECT OF M/S HPCL

Sl. No. Component Details Frequency

Water Environment

1. Effluent quality From treated effluent

discharge

Once in a month

Land Environment

1. Waste (including

hazardous)

Quantity/ volume

generated and disposed at

units

As per requirement

Noise Environment

1. Source noise emissions Noise level monitoring in

dB(A) near pumps,

compressors, GTGs and

DGs installed as part of

the proposed project

Once in a month

2. Ambient noise levels Ambient noise levels (Leq

day & Leq night) at units

Once in a month




PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



CHAPTER – 6

ADDITIONAL STUDIES




PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



6.0 ADDITIONAL STUDIES

In addition to the main EIA study, Quantitative Risk Assessment was carried out by

Engineers India Limited. The Public Hearing was also carried out for the expansion project

at the project site. The Quantitative Risk Analysis report along with public hearing

proceedings and compliance are provided below.

6.1 PUBLIC HEARING

Based on approved TOR dt. 18th September 2014 issued from Expert Appraisal Committee

(EAC)-Industry-2, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, HPCL made the

draft EIA report and submitted the same to Regional Office of Andhra Pradesh Pollution

Control Board (APPCB), Visakhapatnam for organizing public hearing. The APPCB

Regional Office, Visakhapatnam in consultation with Joint Collector & Additional District

Magistrate, Visakhapatnam issued an advertisement (24.05.2015) in national and local

newspapers (Deccan Chronicle & Andhra Jyothi) for HPCL public hearing. The public

hearing was conducted by APPCB at a pandal near to M/s HPCL (Visakha Refinery), Opp.

to Nausena Baug on 26.06.2015 (11 AM) as per the guidelines given in Environmental

Impact Notification, 2006 issued vide no. S.O. 1533(E), dated 14th September, 2006 and its

amendment vide S.O. 3067(E) dated 1st December 2009.

During the process of public hearing, Regional Office APPCB received submissions/

queries/ observations from members of public and NGOs regarding various aspects of the

project. The submissions received from different people were numbered and compiled.

The minutes of meeting of public hearing has been compiled and being attached as

Annexure XIV.




PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



Photographs of public hearing




PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



6.2 QUANTITATIVE RISK ANALYSIS (QRA)

A Quantitative Risk Analysis (QRA) study has been carried out for existing refining

facilities along with the new proposed facilities under VRMP at Visakha Refinery.

Summary of major findings of the Quantitative Risk Analysis study has been provided

in this section and detailed QRA report is separately attached with this EIA report. This

is based on the detailed analysis carried out in Quantitative Risk Analysis Study of

HPCL Visakha Refinery Post VRMP Report.

6.3 APPROACH METHODOLOGY

QRA study is an analytical tool for estimating the risk posed by an installation, to its

working personnel and to the society. QRA study mainly consists of two parts i.e.

Consequence Assessment and Risk Estimation. Consequence assessment involves

identification of various potential hazards & credible failure scenarios for various units

and other facilities including off-site storages & pumping etc, based on their frequency

of occurrence & resulting consequence. Basically two types of scenarios are identified

spanning across various process facilities; Cases with high chance of occurrence but

having low consequence, e.g. Instrument Tapping Failure and Cases with low chance

of occurrence but having high consequence, e.g. Catastrophic Failure of Pressure

Vessels. Effect zones for various outcomes of failure scenarios (Flash Fire, Jet Fire,

Pool Fire, Blast overpressure, toxic release etc) are studied and identified in terms of

distances on plot plan. In Risk Estimation, frequency estimation & event tree analysis is

performed. Affect on population present inside & outside the refinery complex is

calculated, taking into account the wind probabilities, probability of ignition (considering

traffic movement & location of all potential ignition sources such as fired heaters,

canteen, etc.) at the time of release.

Risk to employees within the refinery and to public in the vicinity of the refinery is

estimated in terms of Individual & Societal Risk as fatalities per avg. year and

compared with Risk acceptance criteria & if found in unacceptable region, suitable

mitigation measures are suggested for reducing the risk to As Low As Reasonably

Practical (ALARP) level/ acceptable level. Since there are no guidelines on the

tolerability of fatality risk sanctioned in India to date, Risk criteria from Netherlands has




PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



been adopted to demonstrate the risk to employee & public and following are

considered.

Individual Risk Criteria:

1 x 10-3 per year has been considered as upper limit of the ALARP region for

people working inside the Refinery complex.

Lower limit of ALARP region is taken as 1 x 10-5 per year for people working inside

the Refinery complex.

Upper limit of tolerable risk to a member of general public is taken as 1 x 10-5 per

year.

1 x 10-6 per year is lower limit of the ALARP region for public.

Risk under ALARP region is acceptable with certain set of recommendations, which

would help in further mitigating the risk along with suitable emergency response

preparedness.

6.4 MAJOR FINDINGS

The detailed consequence analysis of release of hydrocarbon in case of major credible

scenarios has been modeled in terms of release rate, dispersion, flammability and toxic

characteristics, which have been discussed in detail in the report. It is to be noted that

the evaluated risk level in this study does not consider any favorable effect due to

operator personnel protective equipment, emergency and rescue planning, gas

detection in the area, emergency equipment and appropriate training of operators that

lowers the fatality rate.

Individual Risk Contours

Based on the risk modeling, it is observed that the Individual Risk Contour of 10-6

fatalities / avg. year which is lower limit of ALARP for General public is restricted to the

Refinery Compound wall & ATP Area.




PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



CHAPTER – 7

PROJECT BENEFITS




PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



7.1 CONTRIBUTION TO NATIONAL ENERGY SECURITY

India has been witnessing rapid urban and industrial growth in the past two decades,

and with the country’s current liberalization policy, this growth is expected to accelerate

further. As a consequence of the rapid rate of industrialization in India, petroleum

products needs are increasing at an equally rapid rate and the supply-demand gap is

widening and steps must be taken to address this issue. The proposed project will

result in the supply of increased volumes of petroleum products to meet the energy

security of the country.

7.2 SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

The proposed project would generate some direct and indirect employment

opportunities during construction and operation phases, which will benefit the local

economy. Improvement in the overall socio-economic status of the vicinity of project

area, in the thematic areas of health, education, livelihood and infrastructure is

expected.

Social Development is an important component of any project taken by HPCL. An

understanding of society is essential in helping people meet their social needs - food,

water, shelter, health, knowledge, skills and physical and emotional security. How

people define such needs and the priority and value they give to them varies

tremendously, not only from one country to another, but between different groups of

people. A starting point for establishing appropriate and sustainable social services

should be an analysis of how individuals, families and communities organise

themselves in society to meet their needs as they define them. These facts have been

already been noticed by HPCL and same are being focused while carrying out the

development programmes in nearby areas. Post VRMP project, Euro-IV & V grade MS

and HSD products shall be produced. This will result in overall environmental quality

improvement.




PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



CHAPTER – 8

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN




PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



8.0 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN

An Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has been prepared for the proposed

project to describe the responsibility and resource requirements for implementing the

mitigation measures identified in Chapter-4 and monitoring program described in

Chapter-5.

8.1 EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

An Organogram showing the Hierachy of various levels of Officers directly supervising

the Environmental management system in Visakha Refinery is depicted below.

Executive Director (Visakha Refinery)

General Manager (Technical)

Deputy General Manager (Technical)

Chief Manager-Technical (Process, Safety & Environment)

Senior Manager / Manager-Technical (Process, Safety & Environment)

Engineer-Liquid Effluent Engineer-Air Emission Engineer-Solid/Hazardous waste

Fig 8.1 : Organizational structure for Environmental Management




PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



As on today, all conditions stipulated by MoEFCC and APPCB are implemented and a

compliance statement to various consents and clearances to them are provided in

Annexure-I and II, respectively.

The basic principles adopted for the environmental management is given below:

a. All emissions are released below the stipulated limits.

b. The total emissions of SO2 from the existing refinery complex is limited to 11.5 TPD.

c. Ground level concentrations of SO2 and NOx are predicted to be well within limits.

d. Flare tip is designed to ensure smokeless conditions.

e. Ambient air quality is monitored regularly and LDAR programme is implemented to

detect leakages and VOC emissions.

f. Flow measurement and monitoring of quality of treated effluent before disposal is

carried out.

g. All noise generating equipment are identified and adequate safety measures are in

place.

h. Audiometric tests and ambient noise monitoring is carried out at regular intervals.

i. Regular meetings are carried out for discussion of minimization of wastes generated

within refinery, their collection and disposal.

j. Social welfare schemes are implemented towards corporate social responsibility.

k. Extensive tree plantation has been done in nearby regions of refinery as a part of

Green Visakha project.

8.2 EXISTING AND PROPOSED CSR ACTIVITES

As a responsible corporate citizen, HPCL has taken up Corporate Social Responsibility

initiatives in different thrust areas such as Child Care, Education, Health Care,

Livelihood and Community Development. These initiatives are intended towards

making a difference to the underprivileged and the disadvantaged sections of the

society at various locations across the country. Giving back to the society at large from

has been the basic philosophy - it is a legacy which we must conserve and leave

behind for our future generations. HPCL’s CSR model has been based on “Creating

Shared Value”. The shared value model is based on the concept that corporate

success and social welfare are interdependent. HPCL’s approach has been the triple

bottom line approach of “People, Planet and Profit”.




PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



8.2.1 CSR STATEMENT OF PURPOSE

Serving the community is the purpose of HPCL’s business.

Ensuring sustainable business process financially, environmentally and socially, is

HPCL’s effort.

Using core competence, expertise and technology of our business to reach the

common people, especially the underprivileged, is HPCL’s aim.

Developing capacity in the community is HPCL’s strategy.

Enhancing human excellence and improving quality of life is HPCL’s endeavor.

8.2.2 CSR INITIATIVES UNDERTAKEN BY HPCL IN THE PAST 5 YEARS IN VIZAG

HPCL has been undertaking various CSR activities in the past few years in Andhra

Pradesh including at Vishakapatnam. The initiatives span different thrust areas

including child care, education, healthcare and community development & livelihood.

During 2009-10, a total expenditure of Rs 1.32 crores was undertaken by HPCL for

various CSR activities in the healthcare and education sector and upliftment of SC/ST/

backward communities and for physically challenged persons. These programs include

scholarships for visually impaired girl students and SC/ST and OBC students, provision

of Maruti EECO 7 vehicle to Integrated Rehabilitation Centre, construction of

community hall at Bakuru, provision of HIV test kits etc.

During 2010-11, the social initiatives supported by HPCL include provision of artificial

limbs to Sri Gurudeva Charitable Trust, providing PCs, inverters etc for visually

impaired girl students, construction of additional class rooms, stationary and teaching

aids to various schools, and scholarships for SC/ST/OBC and visually impaired among

others. The total expenditure undertaken by HPCL in 2010-11 was to the tune of Rs

1.09 crores. Similarly, the expenditure on CSR initiatives/activities during 2011-12 was

Rs 1.06 crore spanning activities in the healthcare, education and community

development areas. These include provision of scholarships, school furniture, and

stationary, computers to different schools catering to physically challenged students

and SC/ST and OBC students, provision of wheelchairs, artificial limbs along various

other activities.




PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



In 2012-13, for the activities undertaken under CSR the total outlay was Rs 1.22 crore

which included providing an ambulance to Vivekananda Medical Trust, wheelchairs to

M/s. Ability People, school furniture, scholarships for SC/ST/OBC students and for

visually impaired students. In 2013-14, HPCL’s expenditure on CSR activities is Rs

1.43 crore which includes Rs 1 crore expenditure on construction of oncology block at

KGH, out of the total expenditure of Rs 5 crore over the period of five years (Rs 1 crore

annually). The other activities supported by HPCL in Vizag during 2013-14 include

provision of hospital furniture for newly constructed additional block of St. Ann’s Jubilee

Memorial Hospital, school furniture, stationary for SC/ST students in various schools.

Besides, HPCL has also approved socially responsible activities in rest of Andhra

Pradesh during 2013-14 which include scholarships for college students, facilities for

orphanage, furniture for various schools, among others with a total outlay well over Rs

80 lakhs.

8.2.3 APPROVED PLAN FOR CSR ACTIVITIES FOR VR IN 2014-15

HPCL has approved a detailed CSR Activity plan for Visakh Refinery to be carried out in

2014-15. The activities to be taken up this year include focus area of education,

healthcare, skill development among others. The program detailed out in the plan span

computer training for school students, Mobile Science Lab for nine Government schools,

construction of orthotic Centre damaged by Hud Hud cyclone, construction of a workshop

for provision of workshop tools & equipments for disabled persons. The activity wise

details are given at Table 8.2 later in this section.

CSR Activities under VRMP

Under Corporate Social Responsibility, the HPCL has committed to work towards

improvement in the living conditions of local population near the project, particularly in the

areas of health & hygiene, civic amenities, infrastructure, education & training, water

supply etc. Total CSR expenditure proposed is Rs. 10 crores during construction phase of

the VRMP project which shall be around 4 years. This amount is over and above the

allocations for 2014-15 CSR activities as mentioned above and aligned to the MOEF OM

of 11.08.2014. Subsequent expenditure on CSR shall be guided by HPCL’s CSR policy.




PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



For VRMP Project, HPCL will implement CSR activities and Community Development

Plan in phased manner through a dedicated cell, starting from the construction phase

onwards. For purposes of focusing its CSR efforts in a continued and effective manner,

focus areas have been identified which include Infrastructure Development, Skill

Development/ Empowerment, Education/Literacy Enhancement, Healthcare/ Medical

facility/ Community Development.

The initial projections relating to capital cost and recurring cost expenditure on

development programs during construction phase This requirement is in line with the

above mentioned OM of MoEF. The capex and opex allocations for each component (out

of Rs 10 crores) along with timelines is provided below in Table 8.1 below.

TABLE – 8.1 : CAPEX AND OPEX ALLOCATIONS FOR EACH COMPONENT OF CSR FUND

Sr. No.

Development Area Capital Cost

(INR crores)

Recurring Cost

(INR crores)

1. Skill Development / Empowerment 2.7 0.3

2. Education/Literacy Enhancement 2.7 0.3

3. Healthcare/ Medical facility 1.8 0.2

4. Drinking water/ Sanitation 0.9 0.1

5. Community Development 0.9 0.1

Total 9.0 1.0

Some photographs collected during CSR works are provided below in Fig.8.2 below.




PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



FIG. 8.2 : PHOTOGRAPHS OF CSR ACTIVITIES AT VISAKH REFINERY

Providing Mobile medical van to Vivekananda Medical Trust

Blood donation Camp organized by HPCL




PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



FIG. 8.2 : PHOTOGRAPHS OF CSR ACTIVITIES AT VISAKH REFINERY (CONT.)

Distribution of Scholarships to schools students

Inauguration of Mobile Science Labs provided by HPCL for nine Vizag Government

Schools in January 2015




PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



FIG. 8.2 : PHOTOGRAPHS OF CSR ACTIVITIES AT VISAKH REFINERY (CONT.)

Inauguration of Mobile Science Labs provided by HPCL for nine Vizag Government

Schools in January 2015

Swachh Bharat Abhiyan at HPCL




PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



TABLE 8.2 : ACTIVITY WISE DETAILS FOR CSR WORKS PLANNED FOR 2014-15

Sl Activity Focus Area

Amount Approved

(Rs in Lacs)

Implementing Partner

Beneficiaries

1

Computer Training to School students in Visakh

thru CMC Education 6.50 CMC-GOI

130 SC/19ST/497 BC/86OC/11M

I

2

3 class rooms and staircase in a Sarada

Niketan School Education 13.90 Sarada Trust 95% -ST

3

Mobile Science Lab in 9 Govt High Schools in Vizag thru Agastya

Foundation Education 2.94 Agastya

Foundation

9 Govt School Students at

Vizag

4

Support to Sri Gurudeva Charitable trust for

Construction of Orthotic Centre damaged by Hud

Hud Cyclone Health Care 6.54

Sri Gurudeva Charitable

trust Underprvilege

d PWD

5

M/s.Sri Guru Deva Charitable Trust,

Mangalapalem Village, Vizianagaram Dist. for

construction of 800 Sq Ft. workshop (Proposal-II)

for provision of workshop tools & equipments in the

workshop for disabled.

Health Care

16.56 Sri Gurudeva

Charitable trust

Undeprivileged Community

6

Model Paper books for 10th class students of tribal areas i.e. ITDS,

Seethampeta, Parvatipuram, Paderu &

students of 3 GVMC High Schools located at

Malkapuram, Sriharipuram & Gandhigram.

Education 9.15 On

Recommendation of DC

Tribal Students

7 Expansion of Oncology

Department of King George Hospital, Vizag

Health Care

100.00 King George

Hospital Underprvileged Community

TOTAL 155.59




PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



8.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

A systemic Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is formulated for each of the

planning, construction, operation phases involved in the project. The measures

indicated under this plan will lead to sustainable use of environmental resources.

8.3.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN AT PLANNING PHASE

Government of India has made many legislations/rules for the protection and improvement

of environment in India. Various environmental legislations/rules applicable to the proposed

project facilities are as follows.

The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, amended up to 1991

The Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986, amended upto 2008, schedule 1, S.No.3

Environment (Protection) Third Amendment Rules, 2002

Environment (Protection) fifth Amendment Rules, 2009, schedule VI, part D, Item III,

s.no.6

Environment (Protection) Amendment Rules, 2012

Coastal Regulation Zone-Notification dated Jan 06, 2011

The Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991, amended 1992

The Public Liability Insurance Rules, 1991, amended 1993

The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, as amended upto 1988.

No. 19 of 2003, [17/3/2003] - The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess

(Amendment) Act, 2003.

The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Rules, 1975

The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Rules 1977 as amended upto 1992

The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Rules 1978 as amended upto

1992.

The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Amendment Rules, 2011.

The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1981, as amended upto 1987.

The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) (Union Territories) Rules, 1983

Hazardous Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 2008, amended up to 2009.

Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemical Rules, 1989 (Amendment)

Rules, 2000.

Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000, amended up to 2010.




PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



Common Hazardous waste Incinerator rules, The Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986,

amended upto 2008, schedule 1, s.no.100.

Proposed project shall be designed taking into account the above-referred

legislations/rules and as per the directives of Environmental Clearance documents.

Besides this the proposed effluent and emission standards will also be compiled for this

Project. During the design stage, all piping and instrumentation diagrams and plant

layout shall be reviewed as a part of HAZOP/HAZAN studies to assess the risks

involved.

The specific control measures related to gaseous emissions, liquid effluent discharges,

noise generation, solid wastes disposal etc. are described below.

8.3.1.1 AIR ENVIRONMENT

The gaseous emissions from the Refinery complex will be controlled to meet all the

relevant standards stipulated by the regulatory authorities. Standards applicable to this

Refinery project can be classified into three categories:

Emission Standards

Ambient Air Standards and

VOC Control, Emission and Monitoring

The standards and compliance to the above standards are given below:

Emission Standards

There shall be 14 numbers of new stacks for the proposed expansion project. Air

emission from each stack of the proposed project is covered in Annexure-XIV and the

relevant standards as per EP rules, 2008 are given in Table 8.3.




PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



Table 8.3 : Emissions Standards (Figures in mg/Nm3)

Sl No Parameters Fuel Type Existing Refinery

New Refinery/

Furnace/ Boilers

1 So2

Gas 50 50

Liquid 1700 850

2 NOx Gas 350 250

Liquid 450 350

3 Particulate matter

Gas 10 5

Liquid 100 50

4 Ni + V Liquid 5 5

5 H2S in Fuel Gas

Liquid

Gas

150 150

6 S % in liquid feed

Liquid

Gas

1.0 0.5

Some of the major features of these environmental measures are as follows:

Heaters/furnaces will be provided with well proven Low NOx burners to reduce the

emissions of Nitrogen Oxides (NOx).

The heights of various stacks will be determined taking into consideration the

"Guidelines for Minimum Stack Height" as per notification by MoEF dated 19th May

1993, which fixes the minimum stack height based on emission of Sulphur Dioxide.

This is as given below:

H=14(Q) 0.3

Where, H = Stack Height in m,

Q = Sulphur Dioxide emission in kg/hr.

If, the Pollution Control Board specifies any minimum stack height, the higher of the

two will be selected. The Refinery complex is designed in such a way that the total

emissions from the Refinery complex will meet all the applicable

standards/stipulations.




PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



VOC Control, Emission and Monitoring

In Refinery complexes, the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to air

depends on the products handled at the plant and may include acetaldehyde, acetone,

benzene, toluene, and xylene. VOC emissions are mostly fugitive and depend upon the

production processes, material handling and effluent treatment procedures, equipment

maintenance, and climatic conditions.

These fugitive emissions originate from the static and dynamic compressor joints and

seals used in flanges, pumps, valve packings and connection joints to the atmosphere

like sampling, relief valves, etc.

In order to minimize the fugitive emissions, the following measures will be taken:

Minimum number of flanges, valves, etc.

High grade gasket material for packing

Usage of state-of-the-art low leakage valves preferably with bellow seals

Usage of pumps with mechanical seals

Provisions of floating roof storage tanks

Provisions of double seal in some of storage tanks

Provision of seals in the drains and manholes

VOC Monitoring:

The standards call for stringent monitoring programme in form of LDAR as per

guidelines given in environmental standard for refineries as per Gazette Notification

dated 18th March 2008.

8.3.1.2 NOISE ENVIRONMENT

The selection of additional equipments will be made with specification of low noise

levels as a major consideration. The design will be undertaken with the aim of

minimizing noise at source. Noise suppression measures such as enclosures and

buffers will be used to limit noise levels in areas frequented by personnel to below 90

dB(A).




PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



Comprehensive measures for noise control, at the design stage, shall be followed in

terms of:

Noise level specification of various rotating equipment as per Occupational Safety and Health Association (OSHA) standards.

Equipment layout considering segregation of high noise generating sources.

Erecting suitable enclosures, if required, to minimize the impact of high noise generating sources.

Sizing the flare lines with low Mach number to have lower noise levels.

Development of Green belt of appropriate width all around the Refinery complex towards noise attenuation with proper planning.

8.3.1.3 WATER ENVIRONMENT

At the design stage, there are several measures proposed to be incorporated in the

process so as to minimise the impact on water environment during operational phase

on the surrounding water bodies. Some of these measures are described in

subsequent sections.

Water treatment within Refinery complex for various purposes shall include the

following techniques which is efficient and provides small quantity of discharge.

Raw water treatment Plant:

The proposed sources of raw water during post VRMP case will be from the following:

(a) M/s Greater Visakha Municipal Corporation (GVMC)

(b) Refinery ETP effluent water recycle through Reverse Osmosis (RO)

Raw water required for Existing Refinery alongwith DHT project is around 825 m3/hr,

while, additional water requirement in post VRMP case shall be 784 m3/hr. Total 1609

m3/hr raw water shall be required in post VRMP case in Refinery complex.




PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



Effluent treatment Plant:

A comprehensive study of Effluent Treatment Plant is already carried out by Engineers

India Limited to check the present influent load, treatment facilities, spare capacity and

ability to meet statutory compliance.

Following treatment facilities have been already installed in Visakha Refinery to meet

MINAS requirements:

ETP-I: Effluent Treatment Plant-I (90 m3/hr Dry Weather/ 135 m3/hr Wet weather)

ETP-II: Effluent Treatment Plant-II (275 m3/hr Dry Weather/ 325 m3/hr Wet

Weather)

ETP-III: ATP – ETP (30 m3/hr)

ETP-IV: Effluent Treatment Plant-IV (180 m3/hr). ETP-IV is also provided with

contaminated rain water treatment facility of 90 m3/hr.

CRW-ETP: Contaminated Rain Water-Effluent Treatment Plant (CRW-ETP) (100

m3/hr)

To take advantages of the latest development in the field of effluent treatment &

recycle and to have better control in terms of liquid effluent treatment/management

of the entire refinery effluent at single location, it is proposed to install a new state of

the art Integrated Effluent Treatment & Recycle Plant (IETP), which shall replace

all the existing effluent treatment plants apart from treating additional effluent flow

from VRMP facilities. The treated ETP effluent along with various blow down

streams (CPP blow down, bearing cooling water CT blow down, process blow

downs, etc.) shall be further treated within the integrated plant in a RO based

recycle system to produce fresh water and subsequently DM water.

The effluent management system in the integrated plant will broadly consist of

the following:

A. Process Oily (OWS) Effluent Treatment System

B. Contaminated Rain Water (CRW) Treatment System

C. Spent Caustic Treatment System

D. Package Sanitary Sewage Treatment Plant (STP)

E. Blow downs treatment system/ Effluent Recycle Pretreatment System




PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



F. RO based Tertiary Treatment/ Recycle Plant

G. DM Water Generation System (2nd pass RO + MB)

H. Sludge Handling & Dewatering System

I. Chemicals Handling & Dewatering System

The capacity of the different sections of the integrated plant shall be as follows:

OWS STREAMS

Total Design Capacity = 800 m3/hr Dry Weather (Minimum)

1000 m3/hr Wet Weather (Maximum)

CTBD STREAMS

Total Design capacity = 100 m3/hr

CRW STREAMS

Total Design Capacity = 390 m3/hr

SPENT CAUSTIC


Package Sanitary Sewage Treatment Plant (STP)


IETP: Treatment Schemes

Various effluent streams requires different specific treatment based on their actual inlet

qualities. The principal contaminants present in these effluent streams are mainly oil (free

and emulsified), suspended solids, phenols, sulfides, ammonia and organic matter

contributing to BOD & COD.

Primary Treatment

This includes Effluent receipt, Free Oil Removal, Physico-chemical Treatment for

emulsified oil and sulfides removal.




PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



- Free oil separation in gravity API separator

- TPI separator

- Emulsified oil removal by Dissolved air floatation

Spent Caustic Treatment System

It is proposed to treat the entire spent caustic streams (from existing facilities and VRMP)

together at one place (i.e., in new IETP) by new spent caustic treatment system which

converts primarily sulphides present in spent caustic into sulphates, apart from reduction

of other contaminants present in spent caustic, e.g., BOD, COD, etc. Spent caustic

treatment system shall comprise of storage and oxidation facilities. Spent caustic shall be

partially oxidized with the use of plant air in an oxidation column, operating at pressure.

CuSO4 shall be dosed at controlled rate as catalyst. System shall be operated in batch

mode with one oxidation column in aeration mode and other in fill / decantation mode. It

shall be a pressurized system and the off-gases (at pressure) shall be routed to biological

treatment section of new ETP. Treated spent caustic shall be pumped to new ETP for

further treatment.

Secondary Treatment

This includes state of art processes such as Sequencing Biological Reactor (SBR),

Membrane Bio Reactor (MBR) or other advanced biological processes to remove BOD

along with corresponding COD, residual sulfides and phenols, biological nutrients,

ammonia, etc. from the primary treated effluents.

Slop & Sludge Handling Section

This section comprises receipt of wet slop from various oil handling units, decantation of

water portion and finally sending the dry slop to dry Slop tanks in offsite area for further

processing with Crude. Also, handling of various types of sludges generated through the

treatment, viz. Oily, Chemical and Bio sludges, including de-watering to be included here.

Chemicals Handling Section

Handling of various chemicals required to be dosed at various stages of the treatment is

included in this section. Chemical storage, solution preparation and dosing requirements

along with safety provisions required form part of the same.




PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



Recycle Section

The recycle plant shall consist of three stages of treatment. These are broadly classified

as:

- Pre-treatment Stage

- Reverse Osmosis Stage

- Mixed Bed Stage

a. Pre-treatment

Pre-treatment block is the first stage treatment and consist of removal of impurities like

residual oil, BOD, COD and inorganic impurities, which may be harmful to the RO

membranes. The pre-treatment options shall be finalized based on the technology

selected for Effluent Treatment Plant.

b. Reverse Osmosis

The Reverse Osmosis unit essentially works on molecular level. It separates the

molecular impurities from the water thus making one stream rich in salt molecules and

other stream lean in salts thus reducing the TDS of the water. RO shall remove TDS &

Silica.

c. Mixed Bed

Portion of RO treated water will be polished further in 2nd pass RO and Mixed bed unit to

produce DM water quality.

Blow Down Streams Treatment

The blow downs treatment section shall consist of pre-treatment section comprising of

clarifier, Dual media Filter (DMF), Activated carbon Filter (ACF) and Ultra filtration section

to remove residual inorganic impurities and silt which is harmful for the RO membranes.




PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



Contaminated Rain Water Treatment

The CRWS treatment section shall consist of TPI to remove free oil present in the effluent

and a filtration section comprising of DMF & ACF for final polishing of effluent.

Steps Involving Integrated Process Waste Water Treatment Plant and Tertiary Treatment

Plant is provided below in Table.8.4 below.

Table 8.4 : Treatment Scheme of IETP

Treatment Section Treatment Units

ETP - Primary Treatment Section API oil separators

CPI / TPI oil separators

Dissolved Air Floatation

ETP - Spent Caustic Treatment

Section

Oxidation Column.

ETP – Secondary (Biological)

Treatment Section

Sequencing Batch Reactor / Mixed Bed

Reactor

ETP - Polishing Treatment Pre treatment for RO

MF/UF membrane

Tertiary Treatment Section Reverse Osmosis

Mixed Bed

8.3.1.4 LAND ENVIRONMENT

During the design stage itself due care will be taken to select the process technologies

generating minimum solid wastes so that their handling, treatment and disposal do not

cause any serious impact on the existing land environment. Also, efforts will be made

to recycle some of the spent catalysts by way of returning to the original supplier for

reprocessing.




PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



The solid wastes management plan proposed is briefly described below. The

provisions of Hazardous Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 2008, amended

up to 2009 will be complied with.

There are primarily four types of solid wastes generated in a refinery:

1. ETP Sludge’s

2. General Solid Wastes

3. Tank Bottoms

4. Chemicals

ETP Sludge

The oily & chemical sludge (1.5TPD-post VRMP) separated in different units of

ETP, viz., API/TPI/DAF shall be dewatered, handled and disposed as per existing

practice. The bio sludge (2TPD-post VRMP) from bio-treatment section will be

separately dewatered and utilized inside the refinery as manure.

General Solid Wastes

Small quantities of non-hazardous, non-recyclable solid waste consisting of waste

refractory, spent insulation, decoking solid waste from CDU/VDU, used filter

cartridges, spent charcoal, spent clay and sand will be generated. These wastes

(approx 1500T/ year) will be sent to nearby authorized landfill agency for further

disposal.

Tank Bottom Sludge

This sludge is generated periodically during the tank cleaning operations approx

1000 T/ tank at the periodicity of 5 years. Tank bottom sludge shall be handled

and disposed as per existing practice.

Chemicals

The chemicals used in various process units will be procured, stored and used

as per the rules of “Manufacture Storage and import of hazardous chemicals

Rules 1989, amended 2000”.




PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



8.3.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AT CONSTRUCTION & OPERATIONS PHASE

8.3.2.1 Air Environment

Construction phase (Impact significance: Low)

Ensuring preventive maintenance of vehicles and equipment.

Ensuring vehicles with valid Pollution under Control certificates are used.

Avoiding unnecessary engine operations.

Implementing dust control activities such as water sprinkling on unpaved sites.

Controlled vehicle speed on site.

Ensuring vehicle are covered during transportation of material

Operation phase (Impact significance: Medium)

A separate process unit for recovery of sulphur (SRU) will be developed.

Developing peripheral green belt in the proposed new premises.

Ensuring preventive maintenance of equipments.

Regular monitoring of air polluting concentrations.

8.3.2.2 Water Environment

Construction phase (Impact significance: Consumption of water - Low,

Generation of effluent - Low)

Monitoring water usage at work sites to prevent wastage.

A new STP as a part of envisaged IETP will be installed for treatment of sanitary

waste water.

Operation phase (Impact significance: Consumption of water - Low, Generation of

effluent - Low)

Proposed IETP shall recycle the treated effluent to ultimately achieve zero

discharge from refinery complex.




PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



Installation of rainwater harvesting structures to collect and use rainwater, thereby

reducing the abstraction.

RAIN WATER HARVESTING IN VISAKHA REFEINRY

Rain water harvesting is the principle of collecting and using precipitation from a

catchments area surface. Broadly the rain water can be harvested by two methods:

1. Store the rainwater in containers above grounds or below ground;

2. Recharge into soil for withdrawal later by ground water recharging basis.

The storage of rainwater on surface is a traditional techniques and structures used

were underground tanks, ponds, check dams, weirs etc. Artificial recharge to ground

water is a process by which the ground water reservoir is augmented at a rate

exceeding that obtaining under natural conditions or replenishment. However, for our

purpose for harvesting inside Refinery we shall restrict ourselves to Option-I only as the

ground water table in the refinery site is very close to ground and it is not possible to

use rain water to recharge the nearest aquifer. The storage of rainwater and its

subsequent usage shall be adopted through the following two techniques.

Roof-top collection of rainwater

Storage of Runoff water from hill

Free flow of storm run-off into the storage tanks and water bodies is required to be

ensured. The storm run-off may be diverted into the nearest tanks or depression, which

will create additional recharge.

As per the statistics and rainfall conservation data available from various International

Agencies, rainwater harvesting can be successfully implemented in most areas having

an average annual rainfall of 780 mm or more. As per the Andhra Pradesh Government

Statistics, the ‘normal’ rainfall in the region is 925 mm.




PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



However, given the space restriction inside the Vizag Refinery, implementation of rain

water harvesting facility has been completed on Administrative Buildings (Block A& C)

and DHT control room & substations. Measures for rainwater harvesting from VRMP

control rooms& substations etc. shall be explored and integrated with existing rain

water harvesting system.

8.3.2.3 Land environment

Construction phase (Impact significance: Land use & topography - Low, Soil

quality - Low)

Restricting all construction activities inside the project boundary.

Ensuring the top soil is not contaminated with any type of spills.

Ensuring any material resulting from clearing and grading should not be deposited on

approach roads, streams or ditches, which may hinder the passage and/or natural water

drainage.

Developing project specific waste management plan and hazardous material handling plan

for the construction phase.

Moreover, there will be no construction camps to be located within refinery or at any

outside place close to Refinery. EPC contractor normally brings semi and unskilled labour

from market on daily basis. All people will be located within Vizag only.

Operation phase (Impact significance: Soil quality - Low)

Disposing of hazardous wastes to vendors authorized by the concerned statutory

authorities.

8.3.2.4 Noise environment


Ensuring preventive maintenance of equipments and vehicles.

Avoiding unnecessary engine operations (e.g. equipment with intermittent use to

be switched off when not working)

Ensuring DG sets are provided with acoustic enclosures and exhaust mufflers.




PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



Traffic management

The construction phase will be normally limited to 48 months. The activities that are to be

undertaken with reference to traffic and its load is given in Table 8.5.

Table 8.5 : Additional Traffic Load during construction phase

Description of activity No. of vehicles/ day Time of plying

Movement of Over

Dimensioned Consignment

2 2000 hrs to 0600 hrs

Movement of construction

material/ equipment 20 1000 hrs to 1900 hrs

Movement of officers, staff

and others 20

0800 hrs to 1700 hrs

Movement of contractors

vehicles 100

0800 hrs to 1900 hrs

Total 142 -

Total with margin 150 -

The movement of vehicles will be controlled as per the timings given in above table.

Based on the above, approximately there will an addition of 150 vehicles during

construction phase. Thus constitutes approximately 40 percent increase with respect to

present traffic movement. Hence there will be no impact on traffic on road leading to

visakha Refinery.

Traffic management Plan

The following traffic management measures may be adopted:

1. To Minimise road traffic accidents and to reduce problems associated with road traffic

accidents, a Traffic Management Plan shall be developed and implemented. This shall

include the appropriate routing and scheduling of Project traffic, setting suitable speed

limits to be observed by Project vehicles and trucks, specific training requirements for

Project drivers, procedures for vehicles travelling in convoy and abnormal loads,




PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



development of monitoring surveillance systems for Project-related traffic, and zero

tolerance for drivers found to be driving while under the influence of drugs and alcohol.

This plan shall be communicated throughout the workforce and enforced with appropriate

disciplinary action.

2. Upkeep and maintenance of the roads which are under HPCL purview. Due to the

increase in traffic and heavy good vehicles, it is likely that roads will require more frequent

maintenance. The same shall be carried out at regular intervals

Operation phase (Impact significance: Medium)

Avoiding continuous (more than 8 hrs) exposure of workers to high noise areas.

Provision of ear muffs at the high noise areas.

Ensuring preventive maintenance of equipments.

Ensuring DG sets have acoustic enclosures and exhaust mufflers as per design.

8.3.2.5 Socio- Economic environment


Conducting awareness programs for workers.


Determining safe, legal load limits of all bridges and roads that will be used by heavy

vehicles and machinery.

Determining allowable traffic patterns in the affected area throughout the work week will

be made based on community use, include a consideration of the large turning

requirements of certain vehicles/machineries that might increase congestion and traffic

hazards.

Consolidating deliveries of materials and personnel to project sites, whenever feasible,

to minimize flow of traffic.

Minimizing interruption of access to community for use of public infrastructure.

Providing prior notice to affected parties when their access will be blocked, even

temporarily.

Preventing use of drugs and alcohol in project-sites.




PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



Preventing possession of firearms by project-personnel, except for those responsible

for security.

The proposed project modifications are located only in the existing premises. No

additional land is required for acquisition. Accordingly, there is no issue of

Rehabilitation & Resettlement (R&R).

Vehicular congestion on the approach road to Visakha Refinery complex in view of

movement of men and machinery due to proposed project can be prevented by

following measures (Implementation of these will considerably reduce the traffic on the

road):

1. To carry out the prefabrication work outside of site for structural fabrication and piping

pre fabrication for the project, so that only finished products will be transported to the

project site. Also, for any other items which require pre fabrication, the same shall be

done away from site. This action will drastically reduce the truck movements carrying

raw materials.

2. Plan to transport the fabricated material during night to reduce the traffic during day

time.

3. Transportation of bulks (fabricated spools) in a controlled manner, i.e. allow them to

transport the bulks as per the project schedule requirement, rather than allowing them

to transport and dump the bulks at site as and when the prefabrication is completed at

their workshop. Plan in such a way that minimum required materials for the work is

brought to site from pre-fabrication shops and stored at site. (Materials required for one

week erection job only would be allowed to keep at site)

4. Opting for Ready Mix Concrete (RMC) for concrete works will avoid the constant

movement of the trucks carrying materials such as cement, sand and aggregates.

Similarly option for use of pre- cast units also will be explored.

5. Usage of tower cranes to minimize crane movements and vehicle movements inside

refinery. This will be used for civil works, structural erection and erection of piping

spool.

6. By carrying out the major fabrication at outside the project site and opting for RMC and

other mechanized construction / use of advanced technologies, the manpower

requirement for project execution also will be reduced substantially, which in turn

reduce the vehicles carrying the manpower for the project as well as avoid the traffic

snag due to the large no of workers entry / exit during morning and evening hours.




PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



7. Proper planning and close monitoring for transporting heavy equipments and ODC

consignments including route survey inside the refinery and outside the refinery.

8. All ODC consignments will be brought to site only during night time and all arrangement

for getting the equipment/consignment unloaded immediately up on arrival will be done

upfront to avoid any traffic congestion at site and outside the site.

Operation phase (Impact significance: Low)

Extending reach of CSR Program


8.3.2.6 Biological Environment

A proper greenbelt plan for the proposed expansion of Visakha refinery plant is

envisaged in the design phase and the operation phase. Greenbelt development will be

carried out to meet the 33% of total area as per MoEF stipulated norms. The greenbelt

programme is proposed in phased manner. The total VRMP Plant area is ~ 167.5 acre.

Out of which ~122.8 acre falls inside Refinery premises & adjacent LPG Bottling plant

area and ~44.7 acres falls in ATP plot (including VPT plot-III). In Refinery premises &

adjacent LPG Bottling plant, 16.5 acre has been allocated for greenbelt development.

In ATP plot (including VPT plot-III), 20.5 acre has been allocated for greenbelt

development. To meet the requirement of 33% greenbelt area, another 30 acre has

been earmarked at VPT plot 1 area near to Vizag airport. VPT plot 1 area is taken on

lease by HPCL and the same will be used for greenbelt development. Short height

plants mostly fruit bearing plants are suggested and provided in below mentioned

Table. The plot plans showing greenbelt area are shown in Figure No.-2.4, 2.5 and 2.6

in chapter-2. Hence the total green belt area under VRMP project is more than 33% of

the plant area.

Guidelines for Plantation

The plant species identified for greenbelt development will be planted using pitting

technique. The pit size will be either 45 cm x 45 cm x 45 cm or 60 cm x 60 cm x 60

cm. Bigger pit size is preferred on marginal and poor quality soils. Soil proposed to be

used for filling the pit will be mixed with well decomposed farm yard manure or sewage




PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



sludge at the rate of 2.5 kg (on dry weight basis) and 3.6 kg (on dry weight basis) for 45

cm x 45 cm x 45 cm and 60 cm x 60 cm x 60 cm size pits respectively. The filling of

soils will be completed at least 5 - 10 days before the actual plantation. Healthy

seedlings of identified species will be planted in each pit.

Species Selection

Based on the regional background and soil quality, greenbelt will be developed. In

greenbelt development, monocultures are not advisable due to its climatic factor and

other environmental constrains. Greenbelt with varieties of species is preferred to

maintain species diversity, rational utilization of nutrients and for maintaining health of

the trees. Prepared in this way, the greenbelt will develop a favorable microclimate to

support different micro-organisms in the soil and as a result of which soil quality will

improve further.

During the course of survey, it has been observed that the soil quality of the plant site

is fairly good and can support varieties of dry deciduous plant species for greenbelt

development. Manure and vermin-compost may be mixed with the soil used for filling

the pit for getting better result for survival of plant species. Adequate watering is to be

done to maintain the growth of young seedlings. Based on the regional background,

extent of pollution load, soil quality, rainfall, temperature and human interactions, a

number of species have been suggested to develop greenbelt in and around the plant.

These species can be planted in staggering arrangements within the plant premises.

Some draught resistant plant species have been identified which can be planted for

greenbelt development if sufficient water is not available. Species suitable for planting

in the area as recommended by Central Pollution Control Board in their publication

“Guidelines for Developing Greenbelts” (PROBES/75/1999-2000) are provided in Table

8.6 below.




PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



Table 8.6 : List of plant species to be planted in greenbelt development plan

Sl No

Species Name Common Name

Family Type Areas to be planted

1 Abutilon indicum L. Country mallow

Malvaceae Shrub Roadside

2 Acacia auriculiformis A.Cunn.ex Benth.

Australian Wattle

Mimosaceae Tree Avenue

3 Acacia catechu Willd.

The cutch tree

Mimosaceae Tree Greenbelt

4 Acacia ferruginea DC.

Safed khair Mimosaceae Tree Avenue

5 Acacia leucophloea (Roxb.) Willd.

Distiller’s acacia


6 Acacia mearnsiiI de Willd.

Black Wattle Mimosaceae Tree Greenbelt

7 Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd.

Indian Gum-Arabic tree

Mimosaceae Tree Roadside

8 Acacia pennata Willd.

- Mimosaceae Shrub Greenbelt

9 Acacia polycantha Willd.

- Mimosaceae Tree Greenbelt

10 Acacia senegal Willd.


11 Acacia sinuata (Lour) Merill

Sikaayai Mimosaceae Tree Greenbelt

12 Acacia tortilis Hayne Umbrella thorn tree

Mimosaceae Tree Geenbelt

13 Achras sapota L. Sapota Sapotaceae Tree Residential

14 Actinodaphne angustifolia Nees.

- Lauraceae Tree Avenue

15 Adenanthera pavonia L.

Coral wood Mimosaceae Tree Avenue




PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



Sl No



16 Adina cordifolia Roxb.

- Rubiaceae Tree Greenbelt

17 Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa ex Roxb.

Beal tree Rutaceae Tree Residential

18 Ailanthus excelsa Roxb.

Tree of Heaven

Simarubaceae Tree Greenbelt

19 Alangium chinense (Lour) Harms

- Alangiaceae Tree Greenbelt

20 Albizia amara Boiv - Mimosaceae Tree Greenbelt

21 Albizia chinensis (Osbeck) Merill


22 Albizia lebbeck Benth

Siris tree Mimosaceae Tree Greenbelt

23 Albizia moluccana Mig.

White popinae


24 Albizia odoratissima Benth.

Black siris Mimosaceae Tree Greenbelt

25 Albizia procera Benth

White siris Mimosaceae Tree Greenbelt

26 Alstonia scholaris (L.) R.Br.

Devil tree Apocynaceae Tree Avenue

27 Annona reticulata L. Bullock’s Heart

Annonaceae Tree Residential

28 Annona sqamosa L. Custard Apple Annonaceae Tree Residential

29 Anogeissus latifolia Wall.

Axlewood Combretaceae Tree Greenbelt

30 Anthocephalus chinensis Lamk.

Kadamba Rubiaceae Tree Avenue

31 Aphanamixis polystachya (Wall) Parker

Rohituka tree Meliaceae Tree Avenue




PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



Sl No



32 Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk.

Jack fruit Urticaceae Tree Residential

33 Artocarpus lacucha Bucb.

Monkey Jack Urticaceae Tree Residential

34 Azadirachta indica A. Juss.

Neem Meliaceae Tree Avenue

35 Balanites roxburghii Planch.

Desert Date Zygophyllaceae Tree Avenue

36 Bambusa arundinacia (Retz.) Roxb.

Thorny Bamboo

Poaceae Shrub Park/Office

37 Bambusa vulgaris Schrad.

Golden Bamboo

Poaceae Shrub Park/Office

38 Barringtonia acutangula (L.) Gaertn.

Indian Oak Barringtoniaceae Tree Roadside

39 Barringtonia racemosa Roxb.

- Barringtoniaceae Tree Roadside

40 Bauhinia acuminata L.

Kanchan Caesalpiniaceae Tree Avenue

41 Bauhinia purpurea L. Butterfly tree Caesalpiniaceae Tree Avenue

42 Bauhinia racemosa Lam.

- Caesalpiniaceae Tree Avenue

43 Bauhinia semla Wanderlin

- Caesalpiniaceae Tree Avenue

44 Bauhinia variegata L.

Mountain Ebony

Caesalpiniaceae Tree Avenue

45 Bischofia javanica Blume

Bishopwood Euphorbiaceae Tree

46 Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd.

Bougainvillea Nyctaginaceae Shrub Park/Office




PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



Sl No



47 Bridelia squamosa Lamk.

- Euphorbiaceae Tree Greenbelt

48 Broussonetia papyrifera L. Nerit

Paper mulberry

Moraceae Tree Geenbelt

49 Buchnania lanzan Spreng

Almondette tree

Anacardiaceae Tree Greenbelt

50 Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub.

Flame of the forest

Papilionaceae Tree Greenbelt

51 Callistemon citrinus (Curtis) Stapf

White gold mohur

Myrtaceae Shrub Park/Office

52 Calophyllum inophyllum L.

Alexandrian laurel

Clusiaceae Tree Greenbelt

53 Calotropis gigantea R.Br.

Gigantic swallow wort

Asclepiadaceae Shrub Roadside

54 Calotropis procera (R.Br.) Ait

Swallow wort Asclepiadaceae Shrub Roadside

55 Carissa spinarum L. - Apocynaceae Shrub Residential

56 Cassia fistula L. Golden showers

Caesalpiniaceae Tree Avenue

57 Cassia javanica L. - Caesalpiniaceae Tree Greenbelt

58 Cassia pumila Lamk. Yellow Cassia Caesalpiniaceae Tree Greenbelt

59 Cassia renigera Wall ex. Benth

Pink Cassia Avenue

60 Cassia siamea Lamk.

Iron wood tree

Caesalpiniaceae Tree Greenbelt

61 Casurina equisetifolia L.

Australian pine

Casurinaceae Tree Sea Coast

62 Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn.

Kapok tree Bombacaceae Tree Greenbelt

63 Celtis australis L. European Nettle tree

Ulmaceae Tree Greenbelt




PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



Sl No



64 Citrus aurantium L. - Rutaceae Tree Residential

65 Citrus limon (L.) Burm

Lemon Rutaceae Shrub Residential

66 Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn.

- Verbenaceae Shrub Residential

67 Clerodendrum infortunatum L. (auct) Wight

- Verbenaceae Shrub Residential

68 Cocos nucifera L. Coconut tree Arecaceae Tree Sea Coast/Residential

69 Cordia dichotoma Forst

Sebestan fruit tree

Cordiaceae Tree Greenbelt

70 Dalbergia latifolia Roxb.

Indian Rose wood

Caesalpiniaceae Tree Greenbelt

71 Dalbergia sisoo Roxb.

Sissoo Tree Greenbelt/Avenue

72 Delonix regia (Bojer) Rafin.

Gulmohar Caesalpiniaceae Tree Avenue

73 Dendrocalamus strictus Nees

Solid Bamboo Poaceae Shrub Park/Residential

74 Derris indica (Lam.) Bennett.

Karanj tree Fabaceae Tree Greenbelt

75 Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb.

Ebony tree Ebenaceae Tree Greenbelt

76 Dryptes roxburghii Wall

Putranjiva Euphorbiaceae Tree Greenbelt

77 Duranta repens L. - Verbenaceae Herb Park

78 Emblica officinalis Gaertn.

Gooseberry Euphorbiaceae Tree Residential

79 Embryopteris peregrina Gaertn.

- Ebenaceae Tree Greenbelt




PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



Sl No



80 Erythrina variegata L.

Indian coral tree

Tree Avenue

81 Eucalyptus citriodora Hook.

Lemon scented gum

Myrtaceae Tree Greenbelt

82 Ficsu benghalensis L.

Banyan tree Moraceae Tree Greenbelt

83 Ficus benjamina L. - Moraceae Tree Avenue

84 Ficus elastica Roxb.ex Hornem

Indian Rubber tree

Moraceae Tree Park/Office

85 Ficus gibbosa Blume - Moraceae Tree Roadside

86 Ficus glomerata Roxb

- Moraceae Tree Roadside

87 Ficus hispida (L.) F. - Moraceae Tree Greenbelt

88 Ficus religiosa L. Peepal tree Moraceae Tree Greenbelt

89 Ficus virens Ait - Moraceae Tree Roadside

90 Garcinia indica Chosis

- Guttiferaceae Tree Greenbelt

91 Garcinia talbotii Raizada


92 Gardenia jasminoides Ellis

Gandharaj Rubiaceae Shrub Park/Residential

93 Gardenia resinifera Roth

- Rubiaceae Shrub Park/Residential

94 Gliricidia sepium (Jacq) Kunth ex Walp.

Mexican lilac Fabaceae Tree Roadside

95 Grevillea robusta A. cunn.

Silky Oak Proteaceae Tree Greenbelt

96 Guazma ulmifolia Lamk.

- Sterculiaceae Tree Greenbelt




PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



Sl No



97 Hamelia patens Jacq.

Scarlet bush Rubiaceae Shrub Residential

98 Heterophragma roxburghii DC

- Bignoniaceae Tree Greenbelt

99 Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.

Chinese Hibiscus

Malvaceae Shrub Park/Office

100 Holoptelia integrifolia (Roxb.) DC.

Indian Elm Ulmaceae Tree Greenbelt

101 Ixora arborea Roxb. - Rubiaceae Shrub Greenbelt

102 Ixora coccinea L. - Rubiaceae Herb Park

103 Ixora rosea Wall. - Rubiaceae Herb Park

104 Ixora undulata - Rubiaceae Tree Greenbelt

105 Juniperus communis Common juniper

Pinaceae Shrub Residential

106 Kigelia africana Lamk

Sausage tree Bignoniaceae Tree Greenbelt

107 Lagerstroemia parviflora Roxb

- Lythraceae Tree Avenue

108 Lagerstroemia speciosa L.

Queen crape Myrtle

Lythraceae Tree Avenue

109 Lantana camara L. var. aculeata (L.) Mold.

Wildsage Verbenaceae Herb Park/Office

110 Lawsonia inermis L. Henna Lythraceae Shrub Residential

111 Madhuca longifolia Koen

Butter tree Sapotaceae Tree Greenbelt

112 Mallotus philippensis (Lour) Muell

- Euphorbiaceae Tree Greenbelt

113 Mammea suriga Buch-Ham. ex. Roxb.





PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



Sl No



114 Mangifera indica L. Mango tree Anacardiaceae Tree Greenbelt

115 Melaleuca leucadendron L.

Cajaput tree Myrtaceae Tree Greenbelt

116 Millingtonia hortensis L.f.

Indian cork tree

Bignoniaceae Tree Avenue

117 Mimusops elengi L. Bakuli Sapotaceae Tree Avenue

118 Moringa oleifera Lamk.

Drumstick tree

Moringaceae Tree Residential

119 Morus alba L. Mulberry Moraceae Tree Residential

120 Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack

- Rutaceae Shrub Residential

121 Nerium oleander L. Pink oleander Apocynaceae Shrub Park/Residential

122 Ouginia oojeinensis (Roxb.) Hochr.

- Fabaceae Tree Greenbelt

123 Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC) Backer

Copper pod tree

Caesalpiniaceae Tree Roadside

124 Phoenix sylvestris (L.) Roxb.

Wild Date palm

Arecaceae Shrub Park

125 Phyllanthus acidus L.

Country gooseberry

Euphorbiaceae Tree Residential

126 Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth

Madras thorn Mimosaceae Tree Residential

127 Plumeria alba L. White Frangipani

Apocynaceae Shrub Park/Residential

128 Plumeria rubra L. Frangipani Apocynaceae Shrub Park/Residential

129 Poinciana pulcherrima L.

- Caesalpiniaceae Shrub Residential

130 Polyalthia longifolia (Sonn.) Thw

Ashoka tree Annonaceae Tree Residential/Office




PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



Sl No



131 Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre

Karanja Tree Avenue

132 Psidium guajava L. Guava tree Myrtaceae Tree Residential

133 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr.

Rain tree Mimosaceae Tree Avenue

134 Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Poir.

Swamp-pea Caesalpiniaceae Shrub Residential

135 Sesbania speciosa Taub. ex Engl.

- Caesalpiniaceae Shrub Residential

136 Soymida febrifuga A.Juss.

Indian Red wood

Meliaceae Tree Greenbelt

137 Spathodea campanulata Beauv.

Indian Tulip tree

Bignoniaceae Tree Avenue

138 Sterculia foetida L. Jangli badam Sterculiaceae Tree Greenbelt

139 Syzigium cumini L. Black plum Myrtaceae Tree Residential

140 Taberneamontana divaricata (L.) Burkill

- Apocynaceae Shrub Residential/Park

141 Tecoma stans (L.) Kunth

- Bignoniaceae Shrub Residential/Park

142 Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.ex DC.) Wight & Arn.

Arjuna Combretaceae Tree Greenbelt/Avenue

143 Terminalia chebula Retz.

Chebulic Myrobalan

Combretaceae Tree Greenbelt

144 Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.

Indian jujube Rhamnaceae Tree Greenbelt




PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



The species suggested here are commonly seen in and around the project area, fast

growing and drought resistant. Seedlings / saplings of these species can be easily

procured from local nurseries. The selection of plant species for the green belt

development depends on various factors such as climate, elevation and soil. The

plants suggested for green belt were selected based on the following desirable

characteristics.

Fast growing and providing optimum penetrability.

Evergreen with minimal litter fall.

Wind-firm and deep rooted.

The species will form a dense canopy.

Indigenous and locally available species.

Trees with high foliage density, larger of leaf sizes and hairy on surfaces.

Ability to withstand conditions like inundation and drought.

Soil improving plants, such as nitrogen fixing plants, rapidly decomposable leaf litter.

Attractive appearance with good flowering and fruit bearing.

Bird and insect attracting plant species.

Sustainable green cover with minimal maintenance

Species which can trap/sequester carbon

In addition, a lawn and floral garden with the varieties of small flowering plants may be

developed near the office site for aesthetic value of the entire complex. The

predominant wind directions are from SW direction as observed from windrose diagram

in chapter-3. To arrest the fugitive emissions tree plantation will be undertaken in

general around the above mentioned areas particularly, as compared to other regions.

Plantation scheme

Plant sapling will be planted in pits of about 3.0 to 4.0 m intervals so that the tree

density is about 1500 trees per ha. The pits will be filled with a mixture of good quality

soil and organic manure (cow dung, agricultural waste, kitchen waste) and insecticide.

The saplings / trees will be watered using the effluent from the sewage treatment plant

and treated discharges from project. Sludge from the sewage treatment plant will be

used as manure. In addition kitchen waste from plant canteen can be used as manure




PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



either after composting or by directly burying the manure at the base of the plants.

Since, tests have shown that availability of phosphorus, a limiting nutrient, is low,

phosphoric fertilizers will also be added. The saplings will be planted just after the

commencement of the monsoons to ensure maximum survival. The species selected

for plantation will be locally growing varieties with fast growth rate and ability to flourish

even in poor quality soils.

A total of more than 33% of total project area will be developed as green belt or green

areas in project area and other areas. The greenbelt will be developed along the

project boundary and vacant areas in the plant, depending on the availability of space.

Post plantation care

Immediately after planting the seedlings, watering will be done. The wastewater

discharges from different sewage treatment plant / out falls will be used for watering the

plants during non-monsoon period. Further watering will depend on the rainfall. In the

dry seasons watering will be regularly done especially during February to June.

Watering of younger saplings will be more frequent. Organic manure will be used

(animal dung, agricultural waste, kitchen waste etc.). Younger saplings will be

surrounded with tree guards. Diseased and dead plants will be uprooted and destroyed

and replaced by fresh saplings. Growth / health and survival rate of saplings will be

regularly monitored and remedial actions will be undertaken as required.

Phase wise Greenbelt Development Plan

Already Refinery has taken up plantation of 1,50,000/year saplings in various locations

of Visakhapatnam, Under Green Visakha Program initiated by the Parliamentary

Standing Committee on Science & Technology, Environment & Forests. Plantation of 2,

42,600 saplings has been completed by Sept 2014.

Greenbelt will be developed in a phase wise manner right from the construction phase

of the proposed project. In the first phase along with the start of the construction activity

all along the plant boundary, open space areas, and major roads will be planted. In the

second phase plantation will be taken up in the gap areas of plant area, around

different units, in stretch of open land and along other connecting roads, parks and

residential quarters.




PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



The total construction period is 4 years from the date of starting of construction. The

first phase of the plantation programme will start immediately with the start of

construction and run upto 24 months. The second phase will start after 24 months and

continue upto 48 months.

8.4 IMPLEMENTATION OF ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT (CONSTRUCTION PHASE)

HPCL will engage EPC contractors for the proposed project. All such contractors will

be obliged, as part of contract, to ensure best standards in environment management

area and to meet all commitments of HPCL in this regard.

All the mitigation measures planned during construction phase and described in this

Chapter will be controlled and managed by the Project Manager of the EPC Contractor

through a dedicated Project HSE Team. The EPC Contractor will develop site/project

specific HSE Plan for complete EPC phase of the project, which will be reviewed and

Authorized by HPCL. The HSE Plan will describe the environmental management and

monitoring plans to be implemented by the EPC Contractor and they will be in line with

the EIA-EMP commitments and the relevant regulations.

The following procedures for environmental management will be developed by the EPC

Contractor as part of the HSE Plan:

Procedure for waste and waste water management

Procedure for handling of hazardous materials

Procedure for cleaning of spills

Procedure for restoration of sites

The following records will be maintained by the EPC Contractor as part of the HSE

Plan:

Inventory of waste generated and disposed

Inventory of water consumption and chemical use




PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



8.5 ENVIRONMENTAL BUDGET

Considering all measures suggested above, budget is worked out for implementation of

environmental management plan and same is given in Tables- 8.7 and 8.8 for both

construction and operation phases respectively. The total estimated budget for

implementation of EMP for the proposed VRMP is worked out as given below in Table-

8.7 below:

Table 8.7 : BUDGET OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN for VRMP Phase Capital Cost in Lakhs (Rs.) Recurring Cost in Lakhs per Annum

(Rs.) Construction 1602.5 260.5 Operation 143774.2 360.9

8.5.1 ENVIRONMENTAL BUDGET (CONSTRUCTION PHASE)

Details of various areas of EMP in construction phase and amount which shall be

spent in respective area is shown below in Table 8.8.

Table 8.8 : BUDGET OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (Construction Phase) S.No. Activity Capital Cost in Lakhs (Rs.) Recurring Cost in

Lakhs per Annum (Rs.)

1.0 Air Environment 1.1 Development of Green Belt 700 150 1.2 Ambient air quality

Monitoring 3.5

2.0 Noise Environment 2.1 Development of Green Belt

Included in 1.1 Included in 1.1

2.2 Noise Monitoring 2.5 3.0 Water Environment 3.1 Water Monitoring 3.5 4.0 Land Environment 4.1 Development of Green Belt


4.2 Solid waste management tracking and development of manure pits

2.5 1.0

5.0 Biological Environment 5.1 Development of Green Belt





PROJECT OF M/S HPCL



S.No. Activity Capital Cost in Lakhs (Rs.) Recurring Cost in Lakhs per Annum

(Rs.) 6.0 Corporate Social

Responsibility

6.1 Social development activities in terms of Skill Development / Empowerment, Education/Literacy Enhancement, Healthcare/ Medical facility, Drinking water/ Sanitation, Community Development etc.

900.0 100.0

Total Amount 1602.5 260.5 8.5.2 ENVIRONMENTAL BUDGET (OPERATION PHASE)

Details of various areas of EMP in operation phase and amount which shall be spent in respective area is shown below in Table 8.9.

Table 8.9 : BUDGET OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (Operation Phase)

Sl.No. Activity Capital Cost in

Lakhs (Rs.) Recurring Cost in

Lakhs per Annum (Rs.) 1.0 Air Environment 1.1 Low NOx Burners 345.0 1.2 SRUs, ARUs, TGTU 116213.0 1.3 Development of Green Belt 300.0 60.0 1.4 Stack Emissions 8.0 1.5 Ambient Air Monitoring 12.0 1.6 VOC monitoring 14.0 1.7 AMC for Pollution Control Analyzers 37.2 2.0 Noise Environment 2.1 Development of Green Belt Included in 1.3 Included in 1.3 2.2

EAR PLUGS, EAR MUFF, SOFT SPONGE

0.2 2.3 OHC staff for noise monitoring 25.0 2.4 Noise Monitoring 2.5 3.0 Water Environment 3.1 Development of IETP 26909 200 3.2 Rain water harvesting pits 7.2 3.3 Water Quality Monitoring 2.0 4.0 Land Environment 4.1 Development of Green Belt Included in 1.3 0 5.0 Biological Environment 5.1 Development of Green Belt Included in 1.3 Included in 1.3

Total Amount 143774.2 360.9



PROJECT OF M/S HPCL

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CHAPTER 9

ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE SITES


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PROJECT OF M/S HPCL

9.1 BACKGROUND

Visakha refinery is situated on the eastern coastal corridor which is strategically

located to serve global and domestic markets. The refinery is situated in

Visakhapatnam industrial region. Also, it has excellent connectivity via sea, air, rail and

road transport. Refinery is situated very near to the notified special economic zones of

Visakhapatnam. A pictorial view of Visakhapatnam cluster Master plan is shown below

in Fig. 9.1.

Fig. 9.1 : Visakhapatnam Cluster Master plan


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PROJECT OF M/S HPCL

9.2 EXISTING REFEINRY

The Visakha Refinery of HPCL is one of the most integrated refineries in India with

three crude distillation units, MS Block (NHT-ISOM-CCR-FCC NHT), Diesel Hydro

desulphurization unit, two Fluidized Catalytic Cracking units, Diesel Hydro treating Unit,

Visbreaker Unit, Bitumen Blowing unit and Propylene Recovery unit. Also, all

associated utilities and offsites required for operation of Refinery are well established.

9.3 SITE SELECTION

The existing refinery is located in notified industrial area. There are ~1488 registered

industrial units in Visakhapatnam. About 7 public sector large scale units are located in

this city.

The total plot area required for VRMP is ~ 167.5 acre. Out of which ~122.8 acre falls

inside Refinery premises & adjacent LPG Bottling plant area and ~44.7 acres falls in

ATP plot (including VPT plot-III).

Considering the availability of required area of around 167.5 acre, for proposed VRMP

project within the existing refinery complex and adjacent already available plots, no

other alternative site is selected. This also facilitates integration of following:

a. Utilities

b. Offsites

c. Products evacuation

d. HSE management system

e. Sustainable management of resources

f. Onsite and offsite disaster management system

g. Environmental Monitoring Systems



PROJECT OF M/S HPCL

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CHAPTER 10

ENVIRONMENT COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS


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PROJECT OF M/S HPCL

10.0 ENVIRONMENTAL COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS

Environmental cost-benefit analysis, or CBA, refers to the economic appraisal of

policies and projects that have the deliberate aim of improving the provision of

environmental services or actions that might affect (sometimes adversely) the

environment as an indirect consequence. Vital advances have arisen in response to

the challenges that environmental problems and environmental policy pose for CBA. It

also compares the monetary value of benefits with the monetary value of costs in

order to evaluate and prioritize issues. The effect of time (i.e. the time it takes for the

benefits of a change to repay its costs) is taken into consideration by calculating a

payback period. In its simple form, CBA uses only financial costs and financial

benefits.

10.1 PROJECT FINANCIAL DETAILS

A table showing the details of various financial components is shown in Table 10.1

below.

Table 10.1 – Details of IRR

No. Component Value

1 Capital Cost

(Rs. Lakhs)

18412.24

2 Variable Operating Cost

(Rs. Lakhs/ year)

29733.23

3 Fixed Operating Cost (Rs. Lakhs/ year) 324.84

4 Total Operating Cost

(Rs. Lakhs/ year)

30058.07

5 Sales Revenue

(Rs. Lakhs/ year)

35131.75

6 IRR (Pre Tax) on Total Capital (%) 22.14%

7 IRR (Post Tax) on Total Capital (%) 18.89%


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PROJECT OF M/S HPCL

10.2 PROJECT COSTS

The allocation of the project cost will be approved by HPCL. This cost includes the

following:

(i) Civil Works,

(ii) Construction

(iii) Equipment and its installation, and

(iv) Consulting engineering design and supervision.

Besides that, the abatement cost also should take into consideration in order to reduce

the pollution which will harm the community and human beings.

10.3 MONITORING AND REPORTING COSTS

During the construction period, the monitoring process should be required in order to

make sure that the construction of the project related activities is according to the

schedule. The minor cost of the equipment required for monitoring environmental

impacts is also included in the project cost.

10.4 NON-QUANTIFIED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

The construction of the VRMP also will produce some non quantified environmental

impacts from project development, increased other development off-site, including

noise pollution, air pollution, and surface water pollution, but these are considered

marginal, and additional economic assessment is not required. Therefore, as

mentioned earlier, the abatement cost is included in the project cost.

Besides the tangible benefits, the project has got number of intangible benefits like,

socio economic benefits to the local people and the region, generation of revenue for

the state apart from growth through industrialization. The proposed project will result in

increased volume of petroleum products to meet the energy security of nation.



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CHAPTER – 11

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS


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11.1 SUMMARY

The summary of the Environmental Impact Assessment report is presented as

Executive Summary in the beginning of the report. This Executive Summary has been

prepared for its circulation in the public domain as per requirement of the MoEFCC,

Notification No. S. O. 1533, 14th September, 2006 for Environmental Clearance / Public

Hearing.

11.2 CONCLUSIONS

The present report is based on the work carried out by M/s EIL on various

environmental aspects as well as baseline data collection carried out by M/s Pragathi

Labs and Consultant Private Limited, Hyderabad.

The EIA report contains in-depth study on environmental quality and Comprehensive

Environmental Management Plan to mitigate the impacts including Social Welfare

Commitment. The project is technically, environmentally and socioeconomically viable

and is beneficial at local level, state level and national level.

11.3 MANAGEMENT OF RELEASES OF POLLUTANTS

HPCL is committed to the guidelines and standards given by Ministry of Environment ,

Forest & Climate change (MoEFCC), Central Pollution Control board (CPCB), and A.P.

Pollution Control Board (APPCB). The design of the project activities will be done

according to the statutory guidelines to keep atmospheric discharges in air, water and

land below the stipulated levels during normal operation.

Some amount of conventional pollutants like dust and gaseous pollutants are produced

for a short construction period, for which proper management plan has been prepared.

The conventional pollutants release from the plant during operation stage will be

insignificant. Onsite recycle/reuse potential of treated water for dust suppression at

sites, watering greenbelts and/or flushing of toilets will be assessed and optimal

recycling will be done. Noise pollution will be reduced by development of different

barrier i.e. acoustic covering of noise generation machineries, specially designed

building in which the plant is enclosed. Occupational exposure of noise will be reduced

by providing protective gadgets to the workers working in the high noise zone.


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11.4 GREENBELT DEVELOPMENT

Refinery has taken up plantation of 1,50,000/year saplings in various locations of

Visakhapatnam, Under Green Visakha Program initiated by the Parliamentary Standing

Committee on Science & Technology, Environment & Forests. Plantation of 2,42,600

saplings has been completed by Sept 2014. HPCL will extend its afforestation program

to plant the trees and shrubs of economic importance in vicinity of project in

consultation with State Forest Department. This will be helpful in reducing the

conventional pollutants in the atmosphere as well as it will enhance the aesthetics and

beauty of the landscape of the area.

11.5 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

The policy of HPCL towards social welfare and community development aims at

strengthening the bond between Project Authorities and local population in the vicinity

of complex. In line with this policy, HPCL has planned to implement social and

community welfare measures aiming at improving the infrastructural facilities including

education, health, employment and women & Children welfare.

11.6 REMARKS

The foregoing discussion indicates that the project is planned in such a way that it will

improve the environmental quality by producing clean Euro-IV&V grade MS and HSD.

This will also uplift the socio economic environment of the region. The safety measures

inbuilt in the design of the project will minimize the hazards, if any. There will be

continuous monitoring of environment, review and corrective action, development of

greenbelt programmes. The local people will be immensely benefited due to social

welfare schemes which would get implemented by HPCL and will result in the

improvement in the quality of life.



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CHAPTER 12

DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS


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12.1 GENERAL INFORMATION

Name of Organization: Engineers India Limited

Address: Head (Environment), Tower-II, IVth floor, Environment Division,

R&D centre, Engineers India Limited, Gurgaon

(On NH-8), Haryana-122001

Telephone Nos. : 0124-3803508

Fax: 01242391413

Email: [email protected]

12.2 ESTABLISHMENT

Engineers India Limited (EIL) was established in 1965 to provide engineering and

related services for Petroleum Refineries and other industrial projects. Over the years,

it has diversified into and excelled in various fields. EIL has emerged as Asia's leading

design, engineering and turnkey contracting company in Petroleum Refining,

Petrochemicals, Pipelines, Onshore Oil & Gas, Mining & Metallurgy, Offshore Oil &

Gas, Terminals & Storages and Infrastructure. EIL provides a wide range of design,

engineering, procurement, construction supervision, commissioning assistance and

project management as well as EPC services. It also provides specialist services such

as heat & mass transfer equipment design, environment engineering, information

technology, specialist materials and maintenance, plant operations & safety including

HAZOPS & Risk Analysis, refinery optimization studies and yield & energy optimization

studies.

Engineers India has earned recognition for jobs executed in India and several countries

of West Asia, North Africa, Europe and South East Asia including Algeria, Bahrain,

Kuwait, Korea, Malaysia, Norway, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, UAE and Vietnam.

EIL is diversifying into the areas of Water & Waste Management, Nuclear Power,

Thermal and Solar Power and City Gas Distribution.

EIL has its head office in New Delhi, regional engineering offices in Gurgaon, Chennai,

Kolkata and Vadodara and a branch office in Mumbai. It has inspection offices at all

major equipment manufacturing locations in India and a wholly owned subsidiary


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Certification Engineers International Ltd. (CEIL) for undertaking independent

certification & third party inspection assignments. Outside India, EIL has offices in Abu

Dhabi (UAE), London, Milan and Shanghai and a wholly owned subsidiary, EIL Asia

Pacific Sdn. Bhd. (EILAP) in Malaysia. EIL has also formed a joint venture Jabal

EILIOT with IOTL & Jabal Dhahran for tapping business opportunities in Saudi Arabia.

Backed by its unmatched experience, EIL enjoys a high professional standing in the

market and is known as a versatile and competent engineering company that can be

relied upon for meeting the clients' requirements. Quality Management System with

respect to EIL's services conforms to ISO 9001:2008 The Design Offices are equipped

with state-of-the-art computing systems, design tools and infrastructure.

12.3 EIL’s Vision

To be a world-class globally competitive EPC and total solutions Consultancy

Organization.

12.4 EIL’s Mission

Achieve ‘Customer delight’ through innovative, cost effective and value added

consulting and EPC services.

To maximize creation of wealth, value and satisfaction for stakeholders with high

standards of business ethics and aligned with national policies.

12.5 CORE VALUES OF EIL

Benchmark to learn from superior role models.

Nurture the essence of Customer Relationship and bonding.

Foster Innovation with emphasis on value addition.

Integrity and Trust as fundamental to functioning.

Thrive upon constant Knowledge updation as a Learning organization.

Passion in pursuit of excellence.

Quality as a way of life.

Collaboration in synergy through cross-functional Team efforts.

Sense of ownership in what we do.


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12.6 QUALITY POLICY OF EIL

Enhance customer satisfaction through continuous improvement of our

technologies, work processes, and systems and total compliance with

established quality management system.

Consistently improve the quality of products /services with active participation of

committed and motivated employees and feedback from stakeholders.

Provide added value to customers through timely and cost effective

services/deliverables.

Ensure total compliance with applicable health, safety and environment

requirements during design and delivery of products to enrich quality of life.

12.7 HSE POLICY OF EIL

Ensure compliance with requirements of health, safety and environment, during

design and delivery of products/ services as per applicable National and

International codes, standards, procedures, engineering practices, and statutory

requirements including customer's requirements.

Ensure safety and health of employees, personnel of clients and associates.

Create awareness on health, safety and environment aspects for all employees

and associates.

12.8 ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY OF EIL

Ensure compliance with applicable environmental requirements/ regulations

during design and delivery of products / service and our operations.

Consider environmental impact in decision making processes.

Promote/develop green technologies for sustainable development.

Promote environmental awareness among all employees.

Adopt the adage-reduce, reuse and recycle in all our operations.

12.9 RISK MANAGEMENT POLICY OF EIL

EIL is committed to effective management of risks across the organization by

aligning its risk management strategy to its business objectives through


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Instituting a risk management structure for timely identification, assessment,

mitigating, monitoring and reporting of risks.

Risk management at EIL is the responsibility of every employee both individually

as well as collectively.

The present EIA report has been prepared by EIL, an engineering and consultancy

organization in the country. EIL has been preparing regularly EIA / EMP reports for

different projects. The environmental Engineering Division of EIL has carried out more

than 300 numbers of Environmental Impact Assessment projects.

National Accreditation Board for Education and Training (NABET) - under the

Accreditation Scheme for EIA Consultant Organizations has accredited EIL as EIA

consultant for 11 EIA Sectors, vide NABET notification dated 29.09.14 and certification

No.- 43/2014. The list of sectors for which the accreditation has been accorded by

NABET is given in Fig 12.1. The same can be referred from the NABET website

“www.qcin.org/nabet/about.php”, by following the link - EIA Accreditation Scheme –

Accreditation Register – Accredited Consultant.


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Fig. 12.1 : EIL Accreditation Certificate by NABET

Regd. Office : Engineers India Bhawan, 1, Bhikaji Cama Place , New Delhi – 110066

environment impact assessment report...

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