pe 4 ha ps cass

HEPTACHLORHEXACH

LORO

BENZ

ENE

HEXACHLO

ROBUTADIE

NE

04/13/23 1Presented by Cassandra Giselle O. Gaas (ChE PE 3)

04/13/23 Presented by Cassandra Giselle O. Gaas (ChE PE 3)

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HEPTACHLOR• is not found naturally in the earth. It is a man-

made compound that looks like a white powder and smells like mothballs. Pure forms of camphor-like odor of heptachlor are white but less pure forms of this substance appear tan.

• an organochlorine compound that was used as an insecticide. Usually sold as a white or tan powder, heptachlor is one of the cyclodiene insecticides.


HEPTACHLORIDENTIFICATION:• IUPAC name :1,4,5,6,7,8,8-Heptachloro-

3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-methano-1H-indene• CAS number : 76-44-8

• Molar mass : 373.32 g/mol• Density : 1.58 g/cm3

• Melting point : 95-96 oC• Boiling point : 135-145 oC at 1-1.5 mmHg


HEPTACHLORHeptachlor is a manufactured chemical that was

used in the past for killing insects in homes, in buildings, and on food crops. It has not been used for these purposes since 1988. There are no natural sources of heptachlor or heptachlor epoxide. Trade names for heptachlor include Heptagran , Heptamul, Heptagranox, Heptamak, Basaklor, Drinox, Soleptax, Gold Crest H-60, Termide, and Velsicol 104. Heptachlor is both a breakdown product and a component of the pesticide chlordane (approximately 10% by weight).


HEPTACHLOR• Environmental impact

It is persistent organic pollutant (POP). One study described its half life to be 2 years and claimed that its residues could be found in soil 14 years after its initial application. It tends to accumulate in the body fat of humans and animals.

• Human impactClinical signs of acute toxicity of heptachlor include

hypoactivity, tremor, convulsion, ataxia, and changes in EEG patterns. Histopathologically, severe liver damage was reported.


HEPTACHLORToxicity of heptachlor and related derivatives

The range of oral rat LD50 values are 40 mg/kg to 162 mg/kg. Daily oral doses of heptachlor at 50 and 100 mg/kg were found to be lethal to rats after 10 days. For heptachlor epoxide, the oral LD50 values ranging from 46.5 to 60 mg/kg. With rat oral of LD5047mg/kg, heptachlor epoxide is more toxic.

Water Treatment Method for Heptachlor removalGranular Activated Carbon- has been proven to be effective for removing heptachlor to below 0.0004 mg/L or 400 ppt.



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HEXACHLOROBENZENE Hexachlorobenzene is a chlorinated hydrocarbon selective fungicide used as a seed protectant treatment, especially on wheat to control common and dwarf bunt. It may be used with or without other seed treatments, fungicides, and/or insecticides. It has fumigant action on fungal spores and is available as a dry seed treatment or slurry for seed treatment.


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HEXACHLOROBENZENEPHYSICAL PROPERTIES:• Appearance: HCB is a colorless crystalline solid at

room temperature• CAS Number: 118-74-1• Molecular Weight: 284.81• Water Solubility: 0.005 mg/L• Solubility in Other Solvents: i.s. in ethanol; s. in hot

benzene,chloroform,& ether

• Melting Point: 226 C• Vapor Pressure: 1.45 mPa @ 20 C• Adsorption Coefficient: 50,000 (estimated)04/13/23 Presented by Cassandra Giselle O.

Gaas (ChE PE 3)12

HEXACHLOROBENZENE• Synonyms: Benzene, hexachloro- Esaclorobenzene (Italian) HCB Hexa CB Hexachlorobenzol (German) Julin's carbon chloride Pentachlorophenyl chloride Perchlorobenzene Phenyl perchloryl (RTECS, 1994)

•Trade names: Anticarie, Bent-cure, Bent-No-more, Ceku C.B., Granero, No Bunt, Perchlorobenzene and Res-Q.


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HEXACHLOROBENZENESources and Potential Exposure• Inhalation exposure to HCB may occur through proximity to

industrial sites where it is formed as a byproduct or to waste facilities where it is disposed.

• Occupational exposure, via inhalation and dermally, can occur at industries where HCB is produced as a byproduct.

• Exposure to HCB can also occur through consuming foods tainted with HCB.

• HCB has been listed as a pollutant of concern to EPA's Great Waters Program due to its persistence in the environment, potential to bioaccumulate, and toxicity to humans and the environment.


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HEXACHLOROBENZENEToxicity•HCB has been classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as a Group 2B carcinogen (possibly carcinogenic to humans).•Animal carcinogenicity data show increased incidences of liver, kidney (renal tubular tumours) and thyroid cancers.•Neurological changes have been reported in rodents exposed to hexachlorobenzene.•may cause embryolethality and teratogenic effects.


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HEXACHLOROBENZENE• Chronic oral exposure in humans has been shown to

give rise to a liver disease (porphyria cutanea tarda), skin lesions with discoloration, ulceration, photosensitivity, thyroid effects, bone effects and loss of hair.

• Human and animal studies have demonstrated that HCB crosses the placenta to accumulate in foetal tissues and is transferred in breast milk.

• It has a half life in the soil of between 3 and 6 years. Risk of bioaccumulation in an aquatic species is high.


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HEXACHLOROBENZENEFirst aid measures and management principles:• Monitor airway, breathing and circulation and restore vital

functions if necessary.• Remove all contaminated clothes. • Wash chemicals out of the eyes with clear water. Wash

chemicals off the skin with soap and water. • If HCB has been ingested, do not give any milk, fat, oil or lipid

by mouth. • If very large amount of HCB has been ingested, perform

gastric lavage. Administer activated charcoal. If necessary, control convulsions. Symptomatic treatment.


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HEXACHLOROBENZENEIs there a medical test to show whether I've been exposed to hexachlorobenzene?•Blood, fat, and tissue samples can be tested to show if you have ever been exposed to hexachlorobenzene. However, these tests cannot tell you when you were exposed or to how much, or whether health effects will occur. These tests arent available at most doctors offices, but can be done at special laboratories that have the right equipment.


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HEXACHLOROBUTADIENE• is a non-flammable, incombustible, clear, oily

liquid at ordinary temperature and pressure. The compound is poorly soluble in water, but miscible with ether and ethanol.

• is a colorless liquid with a turpentine-like odor. It is also called perchlorobutadiene. HCBD is not found naturally in the environment.

• The compound was, and is, chiefly produced as a by-product in the manufacture of chlorinated hydrocarbons.


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HEXACHLOROBUTADIENEIDENTIFICATION

• Chemical formula: C4Cl6• Common synonyms: 1,3-hexachlorobutadiene,

1,1,2,3,4,4-hexachloro-1,3-butadiene, perchlorobutadiene• Common trade names: C-46, Dolen-pur, GP40-66: 120,

UN2279• Common abbreviation: HCBD• CAS registry number: 87-68-3• Relative molecular mass: 260.8


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HEXACHLOROBUTADIENEUSES• Most hexachlorobutadiene used commercially in the

United States is imported from Germany. It is mainly used to make rubber compounds. It is also used as a solvent, and to make lubricants, in gyroscopes, as a heat transfer liquid, and as a hydraulic fluid.

• HCBD has yet another, somewhat dated, application as an algicide in industrial cooling systems. Although HCBD is a potent herbicide, in recent years, this particular application has been discouraged due to the high toxicity of the compound at low concentrations.


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HEXACHLOROBUTADIENEToxicity• Hexachlorobutadiene has been observed to produce

systemic toxicity following exposure via oral, inhalation, and dermal routes. Effects may included fatty liver degeneration, epithelial necrotizing nephritis, central nervous system depression and cyanosis.

• EPA classified HCBD as a group C Possible Human Carcinogen. While the American Conference of Governmental and Industrial Hygienists has classified Hexachlorobutadiene as an A3 Confirmed Animal Carcinogen with Unknown Relevance to Humans.


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HEXACHLOROBUTADIENE• Studies in mice have shown irritation of the nose

when large amounts were breathed over a short time. The only other effect noted in animals from breathing HCBD was a reduction in the body weights of fetuses when their mothers breathed high levels of the chemical.

• Rats and mice that drank low levels of HCBD over both short and long periods had kidney and liver damage. No effects on reproduction or on the developing fetuses were seen when rats and mice drank hexachlorobutadiene.


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HEXACHLOROBUTADIENEIs there a medical test to show whether I've been exposed to hexachlorobutadiene?•Tests are available that measure levels of hexachlorobutadiene and its breakdown products in urine or fat. However, these tests must be performed within several days after exposure because hexachlorobutadiene leaves the body fairly quickly.


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OTSUKARESAMADESHITA!!!

pe 4 ha ps cass

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