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_R Poabo Bhrps ge _crageo ]ONI Kaeuai _R Poabo Bhrps ge _crageo pafo 1 ]ONI Kaeuai (Pro-PR] Khmuios) Moar Prhspobtgvo ]rageoos, Voibhko th tdo ]ONI Dhko Prop Prhfrak. ]dgs prhfrak was mosgfeom th prhvgmo  yhu wgtd a shigm nhuem atghe nhr tdo ]ONI pro-sorvgbo trage gef, wdgbd wgii j ofge uphe  yhur arrgvai ge _crageo ge Hbthjor. _sgef tdgs dhko p rhfrak, yhu wgii ro vgow toabdgef nuemakoetais subd as tdo rhio hn tdo toabdor, toabdgef kotdhms aem ae awaroeoss hn tdo O efigsd iaefuafo. Antor bhkpiotg ef tdgs prhfrak, yhu wgii jo jottor proparom th utgigzo tdo 1: woocs hn pro-sorvgbo tragegef th moivo moopor geth coy prabtgbai aroas sp obgngb th toabdge f ge tdo _crageo bhetoxt. ]do prhfrak gs nhiihwom jy a kuitgpio bdhgbo tost th doip yhu assoss yhur frasp hn tdo genhrkatghe prosoetom. Whu kay taco tdo tost as hntoe as yhu igco. Gt bhetage s a quostghe raemhkgzor nuebtghe wdgbd wgii authkatgbaiiy bdaefo tdo a sshrtkoet hn quostghes oabd tgko yhu taco tdo tost. Vo asc  yhu th prabtgbo as kubd as yhu waet aem tdoe nhrwarm tdo tost rophrt th ]ragegef Kaeafor, Gryea Crupsca at [email protected]  jy Aufust 21. Aeaiysgs hn tdo t ost rophrt s wgii oeaj io us th gmoetgny aroas hn mgnngbuity tdat kay eoom ammgtgheai rovgow murgef tdo pro- sorvgbo tragegef. ]do ]ONI Dhko Prop Prhfrak was movoihpom ge :00>, sh gt gs stgii a ’whrc ge prhfross. Gn yhu davo aey suffostghes nhr gkprhvokoet hr gn yhu oebhuetor aey mgnngbuitgos, pioaso mh eht dosgtato th bhetabt us. Vo wgii jo dappy th doar nrhk  yhu. ]daec yhu nhr abboptgef tdo ge vgtatghe th sorvo ge Poabo B hrps/_crageo. Vo ihhc nhrwarm th yhur arrgvai. Vark rofarms, Poabo Bhrps _crageo ]ragegef aem Prhfrakkgef ]oak

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  • 8/10/2019 Peace Corps TEFL Manual

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    _R Poabo Bhrps ge _crageo ]ONI Kaeuai

    _R Poabo Bhrps ge _crageo pafo 1

    ]ONI Kaeuai (Pro-PR] Khmuios)

    Moar Prhspobtgvo ]rageoos,

    Voibhko th tdo ]ONI Dhko Prop Prhfrak. ]dgs prhfrak was mosgfeom th prhvgmo

    yhu wgtd a shigm nhuematghe nhr tdo ]ONI pro-sorvgbo tragegef, wdgbd wgii jofge uphe

    yhur arrgvai ge _crageo ge Hbthjor. _sgef tdgs dhko prhfrak, yhu wgii rovgow

    toabdgef nuemakoetais subd as tdo rhio hn tdo toabdor, toabdgef kotdhms aem ae

    awaroeoss hn tdo Oefigsd iaefuafo. Antor bhkpiotgef tdgs prhfrak, yhu wgii jo

    jottor proparom th utgigzo tdo 1: woocs hn pro-sorvgbo tragegef th moivo moopor geth

    coy prabtgbai aroas spobgngb th toabdgef ge tdo _crageo bhetoxt. ]do prhfrak gs

    nhiihwom jy a kuitgpio bdhgbo tost th doip yhu assoss yhur frasp hn tdo genhrkatghe

    prosoetom. Whu kay taco tdo tost as hntoe as yhu igco. Gt bhetages a quostgheraemhkgzor nuebtghe wdgbd wgii authkatgbaiiy bdaefo tdo asshrtkoet hn quostghes

    oabd tgko yhu taco tdo tost. Vo ascyhu th prabtgbo as kubd as yhu waet aem tdoe

    nhrwarm tdo tost rophrt th ]ragegef Kaeafor, Gryea Crupsca at

    [email protected] Aufust 21. Aeaiysgs hn tdo tost rophrts wgii oeajio us

    th gmoetgny aroas hn mgnngbuity tdat kay eoom ammgtgheai rovgow murgef tdo pro-

    sorvgbo tragegef.

    ]do ]ONI Dhko Prop Prhfrak was movoihpom ge :00>, sh gt gs stgii a whrc ge

    prhfross. Gn yhu davo aey suffostghes nhr gkprhvokoet hr gn yhu oebhuetor aeymgnngbuitgos, pioaso mh eht dosgtato th bhetabt us. Vo wgii jo dappy th doar nrhk

    yhu.

    ]daec yhu nhr abboptgef tdo gevgtatghe th sorvo ge Poabo Bhrps/_crageo. Vo ihhc

    nhrwarm th yhur arrgvai.

    Vark rofarms,

    Poabo Bhrps _crageo ]ragegef aem Prhfrakkgef ]oak

    mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]
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    _R Poabo Bhrps ge _crageo ]ONI Kaeuai

    _R Poabo Bhrps ge _crageo pafo :

    Pro-PR] ]ONI Kaeuai Khmu ios Huti ge o

    G. Getrhmubtghe

    1. Vdat gs ]ONI/]ORHI8

    :.

    ]do Zhio hn tdo ]oabdor2.

    Roin-Assosskoet ]ost

    GG. Foeorai ]ONI Kotdhmhihfy1. ]oabdgef Kotdhms. Bhkkuegbatgvo Apprhabd:.

    Ruffostghes nhr _sgef Roiobtom Iaefuafo ]oabdgef ]obdegquos

    2. Hvorvgow hn tdo Jasgb Iaefuafo Rcgiis< Igstoegef aem Zoamgef

    =. Hvorvgow hn tdo Jasgb Iaefuafo Rcgiis< Rpoacgef aem Vrgtgef?. ]oabdgef hbajuiary

    GGG. Iaefuafo Awaroeoss

    1. Frakkatgbai ]orks

    :.

    Ehues, Prhehues, Amlobtgvos aem Amvorjs

    2.Ehue Motorkgeors. Artgbios=.

    ^orjs. Zofuiar aem Grrofuiar ^orjs. Ngegto aem Ehe-Ngegto ^orj

    Nhrks. Khmai Auxgigary orjs.

    ?. _so hn ]oesos>. Bhemgtgheais

    6.

    _.R. vs. Jrgtgsd Oefigsd

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    _R Poabo Bhrps ge _crageo ]ONI Kaeuai

    _R Poabo Bhrps ge _crageo pafo 2

    Getrhmubtghe

    1. Vdat gs ]ONI/]ORI8

    ]doso twh torks bae jo bhenusgef aem aro shkotgkos getorbdaefom, jut tdoro aro mgnnoroebos tdat

    davo ae gkpabt he toabdgef.

    ]ONI< ]oabdgef Oefigsd as a Nhrogfe Iaefuafo

    ]ONI biassos aro hnnorom ge bhuetrgos wdoro Oefigsd gs eht tdo mhkgeaet iaefuafo. Oefigsd mhoseht surrhuem tdo stumoets ge sbdhhi, at whrc, hr he tdo stroots. Rtumoets ge ]ONI biassos ge

    pujigb sbdhhis usuaiiy sdaro a iaefuafo aem ae abamokgb bhurso hn stumy. ]dogr scgiis kay mgnnor,

    jut tdoro gs a bortage mofroo hn promgbtajgigty. ]ONI toabdors aem toxtjhhcs prhvgmo tdo geput. Ge

    kaey bhuetrgos, dhst ]ONI Oefigsd toabdors aro scgiiom at toabdgef tdo iaefuafo as a sujlobt, aemshko toabdors kay stgii roiy he rhto ioaregef. Bhuetrgos gevgto Poabo Bhrps toabdors th broato

    hpphrtuegtgos nhr stumoets th uso iaefuafo nhr autdoetgb bhkkuegbatghe.

    ]ORI< ]oabdgef Oefigsd as a Robhem Iaefuafo]ORI biassos aro hnnorom ge bhuetrgos wdoro Oefigsd gs tdo promhkgeaet iaefuafo. Rtumoets ge]ORI biassos hntoe bhko nrhk mgnnoroet iaefuafo aem buiturai jabcfrhuems, aem tdoy kay davo

    jooe ge tdo _R nhr mgnnoroet ioeftds hn tgko. Ge suk,ORI stumoets aro mgvorso. Wot, tdoy davo

    hefhgef Oefigsd geput ge tdo bhkkuegty, at sbdhhi, aem he tdo lhj. ORI toabdors bae mraw uphetdo roai iaefuafo tdat stumoets aro doargef, roamgef, soogef, aem usgef. ORI toabdors doip

    stumoets kaco soeso hn tdo iaefuafo geput, sh tdat tdoy bae partgbgpato wgtd niuoeby aem abburaby

    ge tdogr lhjs, at sbdhhi, aem ge tdo bhkkuegty.

    ]ORHI

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    _R Poabo Bhrps ge _crageo ]ONI Kaeuai

    _R Poabo Bhrps ge _crageo pafo =

    Dhw Eatgvo Oefigsd Rpoacors Bae Jo Jottor Oefigsd ]oabdors ge _crageo

    Eatgvo spoacgef Oefigsd iaefuafo toabdors aro vory kubd eoomom ge _crageo aem ge khst basos

    tdoy aro kot wgtd tramgtgheai _cragegae dhspgtaigty aem robogvo fhhm ovaiuatghes. Eatgvo spoacors

    hn Oefigsd as toabdors usuaiiy mokhestrato fhhm staemarm Oefigsd aem prhvgmo abboss th gmghkatgb

    iaefuafo aem siaef. Ae getorostgef ture hn attoetghe ge tdo _cragegae aumgoebo das roboetiy jooethwarms autdoetgb jodavghr (fosturos, oxbiakatghes, oxpiagegef ovorymay jodavghr, o.f., dhw th

    wagt ge igeo "ge tdo Akorgbae way" otb.), sh a eatgvo Oefigsd spoacgef toabdor gs usuaiiy warkiywoibhkom geth a bhkkuegty. Aehtdor vaiuo nhr dhstgef a eatgvo Oefigsd iaefuafo spoacgef

    toabdor gs th prhvgmo a figkpso hn "nhrogfe" toabdgef kotdhmhihfy aem buituro.

    Eatgvo spoacgef toabdors hn Oefigsd hntoe mokhestrato toabdgef tobdegquos, wdgbd sook

    getorostgef aem aro robogvom oetdusgastgbaiiy. Dhwovor, tdo bdgon roashe nhr tdgs oetdusgask kay

    jo tdo ehvoity hn tdoso prabtgbos as woii as tdo toabdorsaem ioareors oxpobtatghes nhr

    kgrabuihus rosuits wdgbd wgii dhponuiiy jo abdgovom wgtd tdo doip hn tdoso tobdegquos. Rh jodgema foeoraiiy wark woibhko, tdoro kay jo brgtgbgsk, wdgbd nhr nabo-savgef roashes aem buituraiiy

    bhemgtgheom phigtoeoss, kay eht jo kamo oxpigbgt. ]doronhro ge shko gestaebos, muo th buituraimgnnoroebos aem mgnnoroebos ge oxpobtatghes, eatgvo Oefigsd spoacgef toabdors kay eht jo sooe as

    onnobtgvo as tdoy bhuim jo.

    Hrfaegzatghe hn a Iosshe ge _crageo

    A iosshe hn Oefigsd ge _crageo (as woii as hn htdor sujlobts) wgii usuaiiy, tdhufd eht strgbtiy,

    davo tdo nhiihwgef noaturos0s saw a sdgnt ge nhbus nrhk tdo Aumgh-Igefuai Kotdhm aem gts prhthtypos thbhkkuegbatgvo iaefuafo toabdgef. Rtumgos barrgom hut jy tdo Bhuebgi hn Ourhpo doipom th gmoetgny

    tdo iaefuafo eoomom ge a vargoty hn shbgai sgtuatghes jy shkoheo gkkgfratgef th Bhkkhe

    Karcot bhuetrgos. ]do stumgos shufdt th ovaiuato dhw iaefuafo gtsoin was usomdhw eatgvo

    spoacors hn a iaefuafo oxprossom tdoksoivos ge varghus sgtuatghes. ]do stumgos dam a kalhrgkpabt he tdo toabdgef hn Oefigsd as a nhrogfe iaefuafo. ]oabdors aem burrgbuiuk mosgfeors

    jofae th ihhc at tdo bhetoet aem at tdo cgem hn iaefuafo eoomom wdoe frootgef hr sdhppgef.

    ]do okpdasgs he oxpigbgtiy ioaregef frakkar ruios hr prabtgbgef frakkatgbai pattores was

    mhwepiayom ge navhur hn ae apprhabd mosgfeom th koot ioareors' eooms wdoe usgef tdo iaefuafo

    ge magiy getorabtghe. Gt gs ronorrom th as ae apprhabd tdat agks th kaco bhkkuegbatghe tdo fhai hniaefuafo toabdgef. Rovorai khmois davo ovhivom arhuem tdgs prgebgpio -- tdo Bhkkuegbatgvo

    Apprhabd, ]htai Pdysgbai Zospheso, Eaturai Apprhabd, aem Bhkpotoeby-Jasom Apprhabd.

    Bhkkuegbatgvo Apprhabd

    ]do bhkkuegbatgvo apprhabd oxpobts stumoets jobhko bhkpotoet (g.o., ajio th uso tdo iaefuafo

    apprhprgato nhr a fgvoe shbgai bhetoxt, aem th kaeafo tdo prhboss hn eofhtgatgef koaegef wgtd

    getorihbuthrs). ]do toabdor nabgigtatos stumoets' ioaregef jy kaeafgef biassrhhk abtgvgtgos aem

    sottgef up bhkkuegbatgvo sgtuatghes. Rtumoets aro bhkkuegbathrs abtgvoiy oefafom ge eofhtgatgefkoaegef. Abtgvgtgos aro bhkkuegbatgvo wdoe tdoy aro davo a purphso subd as ae genhrkatghe fap

    tdat eooms th jo ngiiom, aem wdoe spoacors davo a bdhgbo hn wdat th say aem dhw th say gt. ]doyrobogvo noomjabc nrhk tdo igstoeor tdat wgii vorgny tdat tdogr bhkkuegbatgvo purphso das jooeabdgovom. ]do toabdor gegtgatos getorabtghes jotwooe stumoets aem partgbgpatos shkotgkos.

    Autdoetgb katorgais aro hntoe usom, aem stumoets usuaiiy whrc ge skaii frhups. Rtumoets getorabt a

    froat moai wgtd oabd htdor ge kaey mgnnoroet bhengfuratghes. ]do okpdasgs gs he movoihpgef

    khtgvatghe th ioare jy ostajigsdgef koaegefnui aem purphsonui tdgefs th mh ge tdo tarfot iaefuafo.Gemgvgmuaigty gs oebhurafom, as woii as bhhporatghe wgtd poors, jhtd hn wdgbd bhetrgjuto th a

    soeso hn okhtgheai soburgty ge tdo tarfot iaefuafo. Iaefuafo gs nhr bhkkuegbatghe.

    Igefugstgb bhkpotoebo kust jo bhupiom wgtd ae ajgigty th bhevoy getoemom koaegef apprhprgatoiy

    ge mgnnoroet shbgai bhetoxts. Ehevorjai jodavghr aem buituro aro part hn tdo ovorymay igno aem

    iaefuafo hn eatgvo spoacors. Iaefuafo nuebtghes (o.f., frootgef, ioavo-tacgef, soocgef doip,bhkpigkoetgef, brgtgbgzgef, aphihfgzgef, otb.) aro okpdasgzom hvor frakkatgbai nhrks gebhkkuegbatgvo biassrhhks. Rtumoets whrc at a mgsbhurso iovoi, aem doy whrc he spoacgef,

    igstoegef, roamgef, aem wrgtgef nrhk tdo jofgeegef. Bhesgstoet nhbus gs piabom he eofhtgatom

    koaegef. Orrhrs hn nhrk aro bhesgmorom eaturai - stumoets bae davo gebhkpioto igefugstgbcehwiomfo aem stgii jo subbossnui bhkkuegbathrs. ]do okpdasgs gs piabom he usgef tdo tarfot

    iaefuafo th abbhkpigsd a nuebtghe subd as bhkpiagegef, amvgsgef, hr ascgef nhr genhrkatghe.

    Attoetghe gs aish pagm th tdo shbgai bhetoxt ge wdgbd tdgs nuebtghe tacos piabo. Nhr gestaebo,mgnnoroet iaefuafo wgii jo usom wdoe bhkpiagegef th a toabdor tdae wdoe bhkpiagegef th a bihso

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    _R Poabo Bhrps ge _crageo ]ONI Kaeuai

    _R Poabo Bhrps ge _crageo pafo 1:

    nrgoem. Genhrkai ovaiuatghe gs hefhgef as tdo toabdor amvgsos hr bhkkuegbatos3 nhrkai ovaiuatghe

    gs usuaiiy jy koaes hn ae getofratgvo tost wgtd a roai bhkkuegbatgvo tasc subd as bhkpiotgef ae

    appigbatghe.

    Aii nhur iaefuafo scgiis aro taufdt nrhk tdo jofgeegef. Ge spoacgef, tdo agk gs th jo uemorsthhm, eht

    th spoac igco a eatgvo. Ge soquoebgef iosshes, prghrgty gs fgvoe th ioareor getorosts aem eooms. ]dgs

    gs ge sdarp bhetrast th a frakkar mrgvoe kotdhm wdgbd kay start wgtd vorj toesos aem whrcnrhk tdo sgkpio prosoet th tdo bhemgtgheais. Ge tdo Bhkkuegbatgvo Apprhabd, gn ioareors eoom th

    cehw dhw th fgvo amvgbo, tdoy aro taufdt tdo nuebtghe at tdogr prhngbgoeby iovoi. Jofgeeors kgfdt

    ioare th fgvo amvgbo usgef Whu sdhuim .. aem Dgfd Getorkomgato stumoets kgfdt ioare dhwth fgvo amvgbo usgef tdo bhemgtgheai, "Gn G woro yhu, G whuim . . ..

    Getorabtghe jotwooe spoacors aem igstoeors hr roamors aem wrgtors gs at tdo rhht hn aiibhkkuegbatgvo abtgvgtgos. Ioareors usuaiiy whrc ge pagrs hr frhups nhr rhio piay, genhrkatghe

    sdargef, hr prhjiok shivgef. ]do Bhkkuegbatgvo Apprhabd wgii bdaiioefo yhur broatgvgty th

    sot up sgtuatghes ge wdgbd yhur stumoets bae mokhestrato tdogr bhkpotoebo ge tdo nhur

    iaefuafo scgiis. Frhup whrc gs jasgb aem yhu kay nabo mgnngbuitgos ge tdo ihfgstgbs hnhrfaegzgef yhur frhups. Iabc hn spabo, hr bhkpiagets nrhk htdor toabdors ajhut tdo ehgsy

    khvgef hn moscs, kgfdt hbbur ge yhur ngrst now woocs wdoe ascgef yhur biass th mgvgmo

    geth frhups. Whu wgii davo th bhesgmor aii hn yhur hptghes. Bae yhu whrc hutsgmo8 Gs gtphssgjio th uso tdo igjrary nhr yhur iosshes8 Bae yhu sot up a rowarm systok th

    oebhurafo yhur stumoets th khvo qugbciy aem qugotiy geth tdogr frhups8 Whu kay aish

    oebhuetor rosgstaebo th frhup whrc nrhk yhur stumoets. Rhko hn tdo jottor stumoets kayrosoet davgef th "sdaro" tdogr scgiis aem framos. Rhko hn tdo ioss khtgvatom stumoets kay

    taco tdo hpphrtuegty th mh ovoe ioss whrc. Whur framgef phigby nhr frhup whrc wgii davo

    th jo spoiiom hut aem yhu wgii eoom th khegthr tdo frhups th assuro tdat ovoryheo gs

    bhetrgjutgef th tdo frhup onnhrt. Whu sdhuim aish prhvgmo tgko aem hpphrtuegtgos th oareframos nhr gemgvgmuai whrc.

    Ngeaiiy, kaey amuit iaefuafo prhfraks uso a bhkpotoeby-jasom omubatghe (BJO) apprhabd wdgbd

    nhbusos he toabdgef iaefuafo nhr roai igno uso. Ge BJO, toabdors whrc wgtd ioareors th assoss tdogrgkkomgato iaefuafo eooms aem getorosts, aem tdoe mosgfes iosshes tdat ammross tdo eooms. Nhr

    oxakpio, amuits ge a BJO whrcpiabo biass kgfdt nhbus he eofhtgatgef a sbdomuio bdaefo, roamgef a

    sanoty kaeuai, hr wrgtgef a kokh. Rtumoets aro assossom he tdogr ajgigty th abtuaiiy pornhrk abhebroto tasc. Ge yhur _cragegae iaefuafo biassos, tdo iaefuafo trageors kgfdt gebhrphrato BJO jy

    davgef trageoos roam trage tgkotajios, purbdaso nhhm ge a karcot, hr wrgto a sgkpio whrc piae nhr

    tdo ngrst tdroo khetds hn sorvgbo.

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    _R Poabo Bhrps ge _crageo ]ONI Kaeuai

    _R Poabo Bhrps ge _crageo pafo 12

    ]ajio 1.

    Frakkar ]raesiatghe

    KotdhmAumgh-Igefuai Kotdhm

    Bhkkuegbatgvo

    Iaefuafo ]oabdgef

    Frakkar Zuios

    Boetrai noaturo Eht oxpiageom Oxpiageom, eobossary

    Koaegefnui

    Bhkkuegbatghe

    Eht gkphrtaet Igkgtom Boetrai noaturo

    Prheuebgatghe

    Eht bhesgmorom ]arfot ; eatgvo-igco

    prheuebgatghe

    ]arfot ; bhkprodoesgjio

    prheuebgatghe

    ]raesiatghe

    Boetrai noaturo Nhrjgmmoe _som, wdoe eobossary

    Roquoebgef hn Iosshes

    Nhiihws igefugstgb

    bhkpioxgty

    Nhiihws igefugstgb

    bhkpioxgty

    Nhiihws ioareors' eooms

    ]oabdor-Rtumoet Zhios

    ]oabdor-boetorom ]oabdor-boetorom ]oabdor nabgigtatos

    stumoet-th-stumoet

    getorabtghe

    Attgtumo th Orrhrs

    Abburaby okpdasgzom Abburaby okpdasgzom Orrhrs pae hn ioaregefprhboss

    Jaiaebo hn Iaefuafo

    Rcgiis

    Zoamgef aem wrgtgef

    okpdasgzom

    Igstoegef aem spoacgef

    okpdasgzom

    Rcgiis taufdt abbhrmgef

    th ioareors' eooms

    Zokokjor. spoacgef as nhiihw-up thigstoegef abtgvgtgos

    o.f.,, mojato, getorvgow, mgsbussghe, rhio-piay,mrakatgzatghe, otb., asshbgatom wgtd tdo passafos

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    _R Poabo Bhrps ge _crageo ]ONI Kaeuai

    _R Poabo Bhrps ge _crageo pafo :?

    Zoamgef

    ]doro aro kaey typos hn roamgef, aem tdoronhro, kaey mgnnoroet roamgef scgiis aem stratofgos tdat

    _cragegae stumoets wgii eoom th kastor ge hrmor th jobhko prhngbgoet roamors ge Oefigsd. ]ONItoabdors eoom th rokokjor tdat

    pohpio davo mgnnoroet roamgef styios, tdoro gs a vargoty hn purphsos nhr roamgef, aem onngbgoet roamors okpihy mgnnoroet roamgef stratofgos mopoemgef he tdo purphso hn tdo

    roamgef abtgvgty.

    ]oabdors wgii eoom th aetgbgpato phssgjio roamgef mgnngbuitgos, ospobgaiiy tdhso uegquo th ONIioareors, aem jo proparom wgtd tobdegquos th doip ioareors hvorbhko roamgef mgnngbuitgos.

    ]oabdors wgii eoom th jo ajio th ovaiuato roamgef tascs ge hrmor th amapt aem strubturo tdok nhr

    stumoets subboss. ]oabdors aish eoom th ioare dhw th piae ae onnobtgvo roamgef iosshe.

    Vdoe bhesgmorgef tdo scgiis gevhivom ge sbdhhi-jasom roamgef tascs, gt gs gkphrtaet th uemorstaem

    tdo sujsots hn roamgef stratofgos aem scgiis tdat aro ossoetgai nhr abamokgb frhwtd. Zoamgef a

    vargoty hn toxts gs ae gkphrtaet aspobt hn tdo stumy hn Oefigsd, aem jy gmoetgnygef aem prhvgmgefgestrubtghe ge tdoso sujsots, toabdors bae assgst stumoets th roam khro onnobtgvoiy.

    Akhef tdo sujsot hn scgiis tdat ]ONI toabdors wgii eoom th toabd jofgeeors aem th stroeftdoegetorkomgato/amvaebom stumoets roamgef scgiis gs doipgef roamors th (a) ioare tdo koaegef hn

    uenakgigar whrms (vhbajuiary movoihpkoet), (j) uemorstaem oxpigbgtiy statom genhrkatghe (mgrobt

    bhkprodoesghe) aem (b) genor gkpigbgt genhrkatghe nrhk toxt (genoroebo). Zoamors aish eoom th

    ioare th mgstgefugsd tdo roiatghes jotwooe parts hn a toxt, partgbuiariy mgstgefugsdgef tdo kagegmoas nrhk supphrtgef motagis. Rtumoets eoom th ioare tdo scgii hn scgkkgef a toxt nhr a foeorai

    gkprossghe hn tdo gmoas jy nhbusgef he coy bhetoet whrms aem tdo thpgb soetoebos. ]doy aish eoom

    th ioare dhw th sbae a toxt nhr a spobgngb gtoks hn genhrkatghe subd as a partgbuiar pdraso, eukjor,

    eako hr nabt wgtdge a toxt. Rtumoets eoom th ioare dhw th mgstgefugsd nabts nrhk hpgeghes, aem atdgfdor iovois, th getorprot a wgmo raefo hn toxts. Jasgb roamgef bhkprodoesghe bae jo bdobcom

    tdrhufd truo/naiso statokoets, hr kuitgpio bdhgbo quostghes, katbdgef hr, soquoebgef abtgvgtgos,

    hpoe-oemom quostghes, hr propargef sdhrt rovgows aem sukkargos

    Zoamors aish eoom th ioare dhw th uso tdogr oxporgoebo aem hutsgmo cehwiomfo th getorprot aem

    mobhestrubt eow katorgai. Rtumoets eoom th ioare dhw th batofhrgzo eow ioaregef as ae agm thuemorstaemgef aem rokokjorgef genhrkatghe as woii as motorkgegef dhw th uso tdo eow ioaregef

    th abbhkpigsd a tasc. Nhr oxakpio, a sgkpio doaitd hr oevgrhekoetai toxt bae prhvgmo genhrkatghe

    usonui porsheai genhrkatghe hr nhr piaeegef a spobgai ovoet ge yhur sbdhhi.

    At dgfdor iovois, roamors sdhuim jo ajio th sukkargzo tdo autdhrs phget hn vgow aem uso tdogr

    hwe oxporgoebo aem cehwiomfo th afroo hr mgsafroo wgtd tdo autdhrs phsgtghe. Amvaebom roamors

    sdhuim jo ajio th bhkparo genhrkatghe nrhk kuitgpio shurbos aem mokhestrato tdogruemorstaemgef hn toxts jy broatgef sbrgpts, rhio piays, sthrgos, mojatos, hr wrgtgef rovgows.

    Rtumoets eoom th jo oxphsom th getoesgvo roamgeftdat gs, roamgef nhr motagis aem spobgngb

    genhrkatgheaem oxtoesgvo roamgef hn a ihef toxt nhr pioasuro, oetortagekoet, hr porsheai

    getorost ge ammgtghe th biassrhhk roamgef th bhkpioto ae abtgvgty hr assgfekoet.

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    _R Poabo Bhrps ge _crageo ]ONI Kaeuai

    _R Poabo Bhrps ge _crageo pafo :>

    Vgtdge oabd biass, tdoro wgii prhjajiy jo stumoets wgtd strhef roamgef scgiis wdh bae oasgiy mh

    scgkkgefaem sbaeegef aem bhkpioto jasgb roamgef tascs. Dhwovor, tdoro kgfdt jo shkostumoets wdh iabc tdo khtgvatghe hr roamgef sujscgiis aem stratofgos th apprhabd a toxt. ]doy kay

    roam wgtd igttio bhkprodoesghe aem jo ueajio th bhkpioto asshbgatom tascs hr abtgvgtgos. ]oabdors

    eoom th jobhko awaro hn mongbgoebgos ge roamgef scgiis aem jo ajio th assoss scgii faps aem

    proparo rokomgai iosshes th doip stumoets fage sunngbgoet roamgef scgiis, eht heiy ge Oefigsd, jutaish nhr roamgef htdor abamokgb katorgais. Ngeaiiy, toabdors wgii eoom th ovaiuato katorgais aem

    abtgvgtgos th oesuro tdat khst stumoets bae subbossnuiiy roam aem uso tdo katorgais th bhkpioto

    tascs aem th bhetgeuo roamgef nhr genhrkatghe aem nhr pioasuro.

    Zoamgef Rcgiis jy Iovoi

    Ihw jofgeeors sdhuim jo ajio th