peace corps ukraine welcome book | september 2008

8/9/2019 Peace Corps Ukraine Welcome Book | September 2008

1/111

^J@ \@BK@ KC_\[ [email protected]@[ TCP ^CP F _ B D H @

B \ @ B K @ K C _ \ [ \ P O A D K B ^ D C H

I C _ H @ U Y C A P H ^ @ @ _ [

[ ` | ~ ` g o ` r ? < < :


2/111


3/111

B U@ AKCG@ A@^^@_

Kcheb~pab~dch{ ch tcp {`a`k~dch b{ b \`bk` Kc|{ Ycaph~``(Di tcp bkk`|~ ~jd{ dhyd~b~dch ~c {`y`! tcpaa {cch o` a`bydhe

ic Pfbdh` ~c o`edh tcp |`{chba mcph`t dh~c bh can kpa~p`

dh |cicphn ~bh{d~dch( Icaacudhe {`y`h k`h~pd`{ ci ic`deh

ncgdhb~dch! Pfbdhdbh{ b` ~bh{icgdhe ~j`d kcph~t dh~c bh

dhn`|`hn`h~ @pc|`bh hb~dch( Ujb~ d{ jb||`hdhe ~jcpejcp~

Pfbdh` d{ ~pat jd{~cdk! bhn tcp b{ b \`bk` Kc|{ Ycaph~``

udaa jby` b kjbhk` ~c ucf bhn ady` ud~j |`c|a` ujc b`kjbhedhe ~j` hb~p` ci adi` dh @b{~`h @pc|`(

[dhk` 244?! gc` ~jbh 2!:


4/111

Jbhnoccf tcp udaa `k`dy` p|ch bdyba! bhn dh ~j`\`bk`

Kcr|{ Gbhpba( Tcp bodad~t ~c bodn` ot ~j`` f`t |cadkd`{

hbgàt `rp`{~dhe b||cyba ic baa cy`hdej~ bo{`hk`{icg ch`{ b{{deh`n kcggphd~t! gcn`b~` p{` ci bakcjca!

bhn b |cjdod~dch ch daadkd~ npe p{`{jcpan o` kbìpaat

kch{dn``n( ^j` |cadkd`{ b` n`{deh`n ~c jà| `h{p` tcp

{bi`~t bhn {`kpd~t bhn ibkdad~b~` |cnpk~dy` Ycaph~`` {`ydk`(

[pkk`{{ipa kcg|a`~dch ci tcp {`ydk` udaa `rpd` fhcua`ne`

ci! bhn bnj``hk` ~c! ~j` |cadkd`{ ci \`bk` Kc|{#Pfbdh`(

Tcp bkk`|~bhk` ~c {`ydk` dh Pfbdh` udaa {dehdit tcpphn`{~bhndhe ci ~jd{ `rpd`g`h~(

P|ch bdyba! tcp udaa ec ~c b k`h~ba ~bdhdhe {d~` ic b iù

nbt{( Ujda` ~j``! tcp udaa `k`dy` j`ba~j bhn {bi`~t ~bdhdhe

bhn oèdh tcp abhepbe` {~pnd`{( ^j`h! tcp bhn c~j` ~bdh``{

udaa ~byà ~c b ydaabe` c ~cuh ~c ady` ud~j Pfbdhdbh ibgdad`{

bhn ucf ud~j Pfbdhdbh ~`bkj`{ ujc udaa {p||c~ tcp

bnmp{~g`h~ ~c b hù abhepbe`! kpa~p`! bhn ucf `hydchg`h~(

^j`` gch~j{ ab~`! tcp udaa o` {uch dh bhn udaa gcy` ~c

tcp {d~` ~c oèdh tcp ucf b{ b Ycaph~``(

Baa Pfbdh` Ycaph~``{ bhn {~bii b` accfdhe icubn ~c

uàkcgdhe tcp dh Pfbdh` bhn ~c {p||c~dhe tcp npdhe tcp

{`ydk`(

Ndbhb [kjgdn~! kcph~t nd`k~c

bhn ~j` \`bk` Kc|{#Pfbdh` {~bii


5/111

^BOA@ CI KCH^@H^[

Gb| ci Pfbdh`

B Uàkcg` A`~~` 2

\`bk` Kc|{#Pfbdh` Jd{~ct bhn \cebg{ 5

Jd{~ct ci ~j` \`bk` Kc|{ dh Pfbdh` 5

Jd{~ct bhn Ip~p` ci \`bk` Kc|{\cebggdhe dh Pfbdh` :'4

Kcph~t Cy`ydù= Pfbdh` b~ b Eabhk` 22

Jd{~ct 22'2?

Ecy`hg`h~ 2?'2;

@kchcgt 2;'2>

\`c|a` bhn Kpa~p` 2>'[email protected]`h~ 20

_`{cpk`{ ic Ip~j` Dhicgb~dch 25

Adydhe Kchnd~dch{ bhn Ycaph~`` Adi`{~ta` ?0

Kcggphdkb~dch{ ?0'?4

Jcp{dhe bhn [d~` Ackb~dch ?4';

\ci`{{dchbad{g! N`{{! bhn O`jbydc ;>';0

\`{chba [bi`~t ;9

_ùbn{ bhn Ip{~b~dch{ ;9';5


6/111

\`bk` Kc|{ bdhdhe ;4

Cy`ydù ci \`'[`ydk` bdhdhe ;4'>2

Krc{{'Kpa~prba ^rbdhdhe >2'>?

J`ba~j ^rbdhdhe >?

[bi`~t ^rbdhdhe >?

Bnnd~dchba bdhdhe{ Npdhe Ycaph~`` [`ydk` >;

Tcp J`ba~j Kb` bhn [bi`~t dh Pfbdh` >0

J`ba~j D{{p`{ dh Pfbdh` >0'>9

Jà|dhe Tcp [~bt J`ba~jt >5

Gbdh~bdhdhe Tcp J`ba~j >5'>4

Ucg`h{ J`ba~j Dhicgb~dch >4'0< ~j` Gcheca{! a`n ot ~j` ebhn{ch ci

E`hejd{ Fjbh! b~~bkf`n Ftdy bhn {po{`rp`h~at kch~caa`n ~j`

èdch ic h`bat ~uc k`h~pd`{(

Dh ~j` ubf` ci Gcheca ncgdhb~dch! Pfbdh` ub{ dhybn`n bhn

pa`n ot \cabhn! Ad~jpbhdb! _p{{db! bhn c~j`{( Kc{{bkf bgd`{

u`` icg`n dh `{|ch{`! `bkj a`n ot b j`~gbh *gdad~bt

a`bn`$( Ch` ci ~j` gc{~ ibgcp{ j`~gbh{ dh Pfbdh`{ jd{~ctub{ Ocjnbh Fjgàht~{ft! ujc dh{|d`n bh p|d{dhe ~jb~ a`n

~c ~j` ado`b~dch ci Pfbdh` icg \cabhn dh 29>:( Op~ j` ub{

kch{dn``n b ~bd~c ot {cg` bi~` j` {deh`n ~j` ^`b~t ci

B U @ A K C G @ O C C F P F _ B D H @ 22


14/111

\``tb{aby dh 290>! ujdkj mcdh`n Pfbdh` bhn _p{{db bhn a`n

~c Pfbdh`{ {pompeb~dch ot ~j` _p{{dbh `g|d` bhn pa~dgb~àt

~j` [cyd`~ Phdch(

Mc{`|j [~badh! dh bh ìic~ ~c u`bf`h Pfbdh` ip~j`! dhnpk`n b

ibgdh` dh 24;?;; ot ickdoat kcaa`k~dhe ebdh bhn nàdo`b~àt

{~bydhe ~c n`b~j b{ gbht b{ 2< gdaadch Pfbdhdbh{( Dh

[`|~`go` 24>2! Pfbdh` o`kbg` ch` ci ~j` ~j`b~`{ ci Ucan

Ub DD uj`h Hb}d ick`{ `h~``n Ftdy( Dh Hcy`go` 24>;! [cyd`~

ick`{ `kb|~p`n ~j` kd~t! `~bdhdhe {po{`rp`h~ kch~ca ci ~j`

Pfbdh` `|poadk ic bagc{~ 0< t`b{(

^j` ucan{ b~~`h~dch ~ph`n ~c Pfbdh` dh ~j` ubf` ci ~j`

Kj`hcota hpka`b bkkdn`h~ dh B|da 24:9( ^jd{ dhkdn`h~!

kcp|a`n ud~j kjbhe`{ dh ~j` |cad~dkba |jdac{c|jt ci [cyd`~

a`bn`{! {|p`n Pfbdh` ~c |ckabdg d~{ {cy``deh~t dh Mpat

244


15/111

~j` \badbg`h~ jbn `zkap{dy` |cu` dh b||cdh~dhe ~j` |dg`

gdhd{~` bhn gc{~ g`go`{ ci ~j` Kbodh`~ ci Gdhd{~`{( ^j`

Y`rfjcyhb _bnb d{ b phdkbg`ba ocnt ci >0< g`go`{( ^j`{`b~{ b` baackb~`n ch b |c|c~dchba ob{d{ ~c ~jc{` |b~d`{

~jb~ ebdh ; |`k`h~ c gc` ci ~j` hb~dchba à`k~cba yc~`(

[piibe` d{ ebh~`n ~c baa kd~d}`h{ 2: t`b{ bhn can`(

Pfbdh` d{ ndydn`n dh~c ?> coab{~{ *|cydhk`{$! ch`

bp~chcgcp{ `|poadk *Kdg`b$! bhn ~uc kd~d`{ ud~j {|`kdba

bngdhd{~b~dy` {~b~p{ *Ftdy bhn [`yb{~c|ca$( ^j` coab{~{! dh

~ph! b` ndydn`n dh~c >54 rbdch{ *ndyd{dch{$ bhn >20 kd~d`{(

^j` Bp~chcgcp{ _`|poadk ci Kdg`b d{ ecy`h`n ot b |dg`

gdhd{~` ujc j`bn{ b Kbodh`~ ci Gdhd{~`{ ud~j kch{dn`boa`

bp~chcgt dh d~{ dh~`hba biibd{(

@kchcgt

B~ 9:< {rpb` gda`{$! Pfbdh`

d{ ch` ci ~j` abe`{~ @pc|`bh kcph~d`{ dh abhn b`b( Ujda` d~{

|c|pab~dch ci h`bat >5 gdaadch bhf{ idi~j dh {d}` dh @pc|`!

Pfbdh`{ |` kb|d~b ec{{ ncg`{~dk |cnpk~ *EN\$ |abk`{

d~ bgche ~j` acu`' ~c gdnna`'dhkcg` kcph~d`{( T`~ ~j`

kcph~t jb{ b jdejat ~bdh`n |ci`{{dchba aboc ick`! i`~da`

bedkpa~pba abhn! bhn b u`ba~j ci bu gb~`dba{! g`~ba{! bhn

hb~pba `{cpk`{(

[jc~at bi~` dhn`|`hn`hk` dh N`k`go` 2442! ~j` Pfbdhdbh

ecy`hg`h~ ado`bad}`n gc{~ |dk`{ bhn k`b~`n b aèba

ibgùcf ic |dyb~d}b~dch( Jcu`y`! ìcg ìic~{ u``

{cch {~baa`n! ujdkj a`n ~c `dej~ t`b{ ci {jb| `kchcgdk

n`kadh`( B{ b `{pa~! ~j` {~bhnbn ci adydhe ic gc{~ kd~d}`h{

jb{ n`k`b{`n ot gc` ~jbh 0< |`k`h~ {dhk` ~j` `bat 244


16/111

\ @ B K @ K C _ \ [2>

dg|cy`g`h~{ b` h``n`n! dhkapndhe idej~dhe kcp|~dch!

n`yàc|dhe kb|d~ba gbf`~{! bhn dg|cydhe ~j` aèba

ibgùcf ic op{dh`{{`{( _ìcg{ dh ~j` gc` |cad~dkbaat{`h{d~dy` b`b{ ci {~pk~pba ìcg bhn abhn |dyb~d}b~dch b`

{~daa abeedhe( EN\ ecu~j ub{ chat ?(> |`k`h~ dh ?


17/111


Pfbdh` jb{ uchnìpa icaf b~{! dhkapndhe `gocdn`t!

u`bydhe! |c~~`t!|t{bhft *|bdh~`n èe{$! bhn uccnkbydhe(

D~{ gp{dk jb{ `ycay`n ud~j dhiap`hk`{ icg b ybd`~t cikpa~p`{( Icaf ~bnd~dch{ b` |`{`y`n dh d~pba {che{! nbhk`{!

bhn ebg`{(

@hydchg`h~

Pfbdh` d{ b o`bp~dipa kcph~t ud~j b dkj ybd`~t ci hb~pba

`{cpk`{! dhkapndhe bocp~ 5

n`|c{d~{ ci 4> gdh`ba{ ci kcgg`kdba ybap` b` `z~bk~`n dh

Pfbdh`(

B {gbaa |b~ ci ~j` kcph~t d{ gcph~bdhcp{! ud~j ~j` jdej`{~

|`bf{ o`dhe Jcyàb *?!9 ic gc` n`~bda{$(


18/111


19/111


_@[CP_K@[ IC_

IP_^J@_ DHIC_GB^DCH

Icaacudhe d{ b ad{~ ci uò{d~`{ ic bnnd~dchba dhicgb~dch bocp~

~j` \`bk` Kc|{ bhn Pfbdh` bhn ~c kchh`k~ tcp ~c `~ph`n

Ycaph~``{ bhn c~j` dhyd~``{( \a`b{` f``| dh gdhn ~jb~

ba~jcpej u` ~t ~c gbf` {p` baa ~j`{` adhf{ b` bk~dy` bhn

kp`h~! u` kbhhc~ epbbh~`` d~(

B hc~` ci kbp~dch= B{ tcp {pi ~j` Dh~`h`~! o` bub` ~jb~

tcp gbt idhn opaa`~dh ocbn{ bhn kjb~ ccg{ dh ujdkj |`c|a`

b` i`` ~c `z|`{{ c|dhdch{ bocp~ ~j` \`bk` Kc|{ ob{`n

ch ~j`d cuh `z|`d`hk`! dhkapndhe kcgg`h~{ ot ~jc{` ujc

u`` phjb||t ud~j ~j`d kjcdk` ~c {`y` dh ~j` \`bk` Kc|{(

^j`{` c|dhdch{ b` hc~ ~jc{` ci ~j` \`bk` Kc|{ c ~j` P([(

ecy`hg`h~! bhn u` jc|` tcp udaa f``| dh gdhn ~jb~ hc ~uc

|`c|a` `z|`d`hk` ~j`d {`ydk` dh ~j` {bg` ubt(

E`h`ba Dhicgb~dch Bocp~ Pfbdh`

uuu(kcph~rtub~kj(kcg

Ch ~jd{ {d~`! tcp kbh a`bh bht~jdhe icg ujb~ ~dg` d~ d{ dhFtdy ~c jcu ~c kchy`~ icg ~j` ncaab ~c ~j` jtyhdb( Mp{~

kadkf ch Pfbdh` bhn ec icg ~j``(

uuu(achàt|abh`~(kcg#n`{~dhb~dch{

Yd{d~ ~jd{ {d~` ic e`h`ba ~byà bnydk` bocp~ bagc{~ bht

kcph~t dh ~j` ucan(

uuu({~b~`(ecy

^j` P([( [~b~` N`|b~g`h~{ uò{d~` d{{p`{ obkfecphn hc~`{

|`dcndkbaat bocp~ kcph~d`{ bcphn ~j` ucan( Idhn Pfbdh`

bhn a`bh gc` bocp~ d~{ {ckdba bhn |cad~dkba jd{~ct(


20/111

uuu(|{r(f`à`(bk(pf#ciidkdba(j~g

^jd{ {d~` dhkapn`{ adhf{ ~c baa ~j` ciidkdba {d~`{ ic ecy`hg`h~{

ucanudn`(

uuu(e`cerb|jt(bocp~(kcg#adorbrt#gb|{#oadhn`z(j~g

^jd{ chadh` ucan b~ab{ dhkapn`{ gb|{ bhn e`ceb|jdkba

dhicgb~dch! bhn `bkj kcph~t |be` kch~bdh{ adhf{ ~c

c~j` {d~`{! {pkj b{ ~j` Adobt ci Kche`{{! ~jb~ kch~bdh

kcg|`j`h{dy` jd{~cdkba! {ckdba! bhn |cad~dkba obkfecphn(

uuu(kto`r{kjccaop{(ph(cre#dhichb~dch#dhic(b{|

^jd{ Phd~`n Hb~dch{ {d~` baacu{ tcp ~c {`bkj ic {~b~d{~dkba

dhicgb~dch ic g`go` {~b~`{ ci ~j` P(H(

uuu(ucrandhicrgb~dch(kcg

^jd{ {d~` |cydn`{ bh bnnd~dchba {cpk` ci kp`h~ bhn

jd{~cdkba dhicgb~dch bocp~ kcph~d`{ bcphn ~j` ucan(

Kchh`k~ Ud~j _`~ph`n Ycaph~``{ bhn C~j` Dhyd~``{

uuu(r|ky(cre

^jd{ d{ ~j` {d~` ci ~j` Hb~dchba \`bk` Kc|{ B{{ckdb~dch!

kcg|d{`n ci `~ph`n Ycaph~``{( Ch ~jd{ {d~` tcp kbh idhn

adhf{ ~c baa ~j` Uò |be`{ ci ~j` id`hn{ ci ecp|{ ic gc{~

kcph~d`{ ci {`ydk`! gbn` p| ci icg` Ycaph~``{ ujc

{`y`n dh ~jc{` kcph~d`{( ^j`` b` ba{c èdchba ecp|{ ~jb~

i`rp`h~at e`~ ~ce`~j` ic {ckdba `y`h~{ bhn ackba ycaph~``

bk~dyd~d`{(

j~~|=##uuu(r|kyuòrdhe(cre

^jd{ {d~` d{ fhcuh b{ ~j` _`~ph`n \`bk` Kc|{ Ycaph~``

Uò _dhe( Ocu{` ~j` Uò dhe bhn {`` ujb~ icg`Ycaph~``{ b` {btdhe bocp~ ~j`d {`ydk`(

\ @ B K @ K C _ \ [2:


21/111

uuu(|`bk`kcr|{urd~`r{(cre

^jd{ {d~` d{ jc{~`n ot b ecp| ci `~ph`n Ycaph~`` ud~`{(

D~ d{ b gch~jat chadh` |poadkb~dch ci `{{bt{ bhn Ycaph~``bkkcph~{ ci ~j`d \`bk` Kc|{ {`ydk`(

uuu(|kpfrbdh`(cre

^jd{ {d~` ub{ k`b~`n bhn d{ gbdh~bdh`n ot Ycaph~``{ {`ydhe

dh Pfbdh`( D~ kch~bdh{ dhicgb~dch bocp~ \`bk` Kc|{ |cm`k~{

dh Pfbdh` bhn c~j` Ycaph~`` bk~dyd~d`{(

Chadh` B~dka`{#Kp`h~ Hù{ [d~`{ Bocp~ Pfbdh`

uuu(orbgb(kcg#hù{

^jd{ {d~` cii`{ {po{~bh~dy` bhn ~dgàt dhicgb~dch bocp~

Pfbdh` bhn adhf{ ~c kcg|a`g`h~bt {`ydk`{(

j~~|=##uuu(ftdy|c{~(kcg#

^j` Ftdy \c{~! bh dhicgb~dy` {cpk` ci @head{j'abhepbe`

hù{ ch Pfbdh`! dhkapn`{ kcg|`j`h{dy` {~b~d{~dk{ bhn

u``fat {pggbd`{ ci n`yàc|g`h~{ dh f`t dhnp{~d`{(

[po{kdo`{ `k`dy` b nbdat `gbda ud~j {pggbd`{ ci ujb~ ~j`

ackba |`{{ d{ ud~dhe bocp~(

uuu(pfrbdh`'~cnbt(kcg

Bdg`n b~ op{dh`{{ ~byà`{! ~jd{ {d~` cii`{ dh~``{~dhe bhn

p{ìpa dhicgb~dch ic yd{d~c{ ~c Pfbdh`(

Dh~`hb~dchba N`yàc|g`h~ [d~`{ Bocp~ Pfbdh`

uuu(p{pfrbdh`(cre

P([('Pfbdh` Icphnb~dch

uuu(p{bdn(ecy#ackb~dch{#`prc|`S`prb{db#kcph~rd`{#pb

P([( Be`hkt ic Dh~`hb~dchba N`yàc|g`h~ dh Pfbdh`



22/111

j~~|=##fd`y(p{`gob{{t(ecy

P([( @gob{{t dh Ftdy

j~~|=##uuu(ph(cre(pb#

Phd~`n Hb~dch{ dh Ftdy

uuu(ucranobhf(cre(pb

Ucan Obhf dh Pfbdh`

_`kcgg`hn`n Occf{2( Ncac~! Gdch(@z`kp~dch ot Jphe`r= ^j` Jdnn`h

Jcackbp{~( Hù Tcf= U(U( Hc~ch! 24:5(

B n`{kd|~dch ci ~j` ick`n kcaa`k~dyd}b~dch ci _p{{dbh

bedkpa~p` dh 24?4'24;2 bhn ~j` `h{pdhe ibgdh` dh

Pfbdh`(

?( Hò`{ft! _dkjbn(_p{{db! Pfrbdh`! bhn Oàbrp{(Achnch= Achàt \abh`~! 2449(

Bh `zkàa`h~ epdnòccf ic ~byà`{ ch jd{~ct! kpa~p`!

{`kpd~t! op`bpkbkt! ~bh{|c~b~dch! jc~à{! bhn

`{~bpbh~{ dh ~j` kd~d`{ ci _p{{db bhn Pfbdh`(

;( _`dn! Bhhb(Ocrn`rabhn= B Mcprh`t ^jrcpej ~j`

Jd{~crt ci Pfrbdh`( Ocpan`! Kcac(= U`{~ydù \`{{!?


23/111

B U @ A K C G @ O C C F P F _ B D H @ ?2

>( Uda{ch! Bhn`u( ^j` Pfrbdhdbh{= Ph`z|`k~`n Hb~dch

*?hn `n($( H`u Jby`h! KC= Tba` Phdy`{d~t \`{{! ?


24/111

\ @ B K @ K C _ \ [??

>( @ngbh! [bbj( Hdh` Jdaa{ ~c Hbgochfbjb= ^uc T`br{

dh ~j` J`br~ ci bh Birdkbh Ydaabe`( H`u Tcf! H(T(=

\dkbnc! ?


25/111

B U @ A K C G @ O C C F P F _ B D H @ ?;

H C @ [


26/111


27/111

A DY DHE KCHND^DCH[ BHN

YC APH^@@ _ A D I@[^[email protected]~dch{

Gbda

Iù kcph~d`{ dh ~j` ucan cii` ~j` a`yà ci gbda {`ydk`

kch{dn``n hcgba dh ~j` Phd~`n [~b~`{( Di tcp `z|`k~ P([(

{~bhnbn{ ic gbda {`ydk`! tcp udaa o` dh ic {cg` ip{~b~dch(

Gbda ~bf`{ b gdhdgpg ci ~uc u``f{ ~c bdy` dh Pfbdh`(

Npdhe ~bdhdhe! gbda ic ~bdh``{ `k`dy`n b~ ~j` \`bk` Kc|{

ciidk` dh Ftdy udaa o` icubn`n ~c ~j` ~bdhdhe {d~` chk` c

~udk` `bkj u``f( Chat {gbaa! iab~ |d`k`{ ci gbda *hc ocz`{

c |bkfbe`{$ kbh o` nàdy``n ~c ~bdh`{{ cy` ~j` kcp{` ci

|`'{`ydk` ~bdhdhe( O`kbp{` \`bk` Kc|{ Pfbdh` kbhhc~ o``{|ch{doa ic |c|`~t gbda`n ~c ~bdh``{! nàdy`t ci ocz`{

bhn |bkfbe`{ {`h~ ~c ~jd{ bnn`{{ udaa o` n`kadh`n( ^j`ìc`!

d~ d{ dg|c~bh~ ~c `gdhn ibgdat bhn id`hn{ ~jb~ chat a`~~`{

udaa o` nàdy``n npdhe ~bdhdhe(

Tcp bnn`{{ npdhe ~bdhdhe udaa o`=

P([( \`bk` Kc|{#Pfbdh`\KY *Hbg` ci Ycaph~``$

\(C( Ocz ?4:


28/111

Chk` tcp o`kcg` b Ycaph~`` bhn gcy` ~c tcp |`gbh`h~

{d~`! tcp udaa `k`dy` gbda ~j``! `d~j` b~ b |c{~ ciidk` ocz c

b~ tcp ciidk`( \`bk` Kc|{#Pfbdh` p{`{ ~j` Pfbdhdbh |c{~bah`~ucf ~c gbda cp~dh`! hchpe`h~ d~`g{! dhkapndhe b u``fat

|bkf`~ {`h~ ~c `bkj Ycaph~``(

Ibgdat bhn id`hn{ {jcpan hc~ {`hn tcp ybapboa` d~`g{

~jcpej ~j` gbda! b{ gbda {cg`~dg`{ bdy`{ c|`h`n! ud~j

d~`g{ gd{{dhe! c nc`{ hc~ bdy` b~ baa( U` `kcgg`hn ~j`

p{` ci |bnn`n `hyàc|`{ dh{~`bn ci ocz`{! b{ ~j`t p{pbaat

bdy` phc|`h`n( Bdgbda d{ gc` àdboa`! op~ gc` `z|`h{dy`!

~jbh {pibk` gbda(

B hpgo` ci dh~`hb~dchba gbda {`ydk`{ c|`b~` dh Pfbdh`!

dhkapndhe P\[ bhn NJA( Ycaph~``{ `|c~ ~jb~ ~j` gc{~

àdboa` bhn dh`z|`h{dy` {`ydk` d{ G@@[^! ujc{` bnn`{{ dh

~j` Phd~`n [~b~`{ d{ 9


29/111

B U @ A K C G @ O C C F P F _ B D H @

ncdhe ~j` {jd||dhe( ^j`` d{ b adgd~ ~c jcu gbht

|d`k`{ ci g`ndb |pkjb{`n dh Pfbdh` kbh o` {jd||`n

~c Bg`dkb( ^j` adgd~ d{ ?< ~c~ba |d`k`{! bhn ~jd{ kbho` b kcgodhb~dch ci ~b|`{! ydn`c~b|`{! KN{ bhn NYN{

*?< |d`k`{ ~c~bahc~ ?< NYN{ |ap{ ?< KN{ |ap{ ? |`

gch~j! d{ bnn`n ~c tcp adydhe baacubhk` bhn |bdn dh P([(

ncaab{( Idhbaat! uj`h tcp gcy` dh~c tcp b|b~g`h~ c jcp{`

icaacudhe tcp ~j``'gch~j jcg`{~bt b~ {d~`! tcp udaa `k`dy`

b ch`'~dg` {`~~adhe'dh baacubhk`! |bdn dh ackba kp`hkt! ~c opt

ob{dk jcp{`jcan d~`g{(

Ba~jcpej gc{~ Ycaph~``{ idhn ~j`t kbh ady` kcgic~boatdh Pfbdh` ud~j ~j`{` baacubhk`{! {cg` odhe gch`t icg

jcg` ic cp~'ci'kcph~t ~by`a( ^j` \`bk` Kc|{ {~cheat

nd{kcpbe`{ tcp icg {p||a`g`h~dhe tcp dhkcg` ud~j gch`t

B U @ A K C G @ O C C F P F _ B D H @ ;2


34/111

\ @ B K @ K C _ \ [;?

ocpej~ icg jcg` ujda` tcp b` dh Pfbdh`( ^j` adydhe

baacubhk` d{ bn`rpb~` bhn Ycaph~``{ b` `z|`k~`n ~c ady` b~

~j` {bg` `kchcgdk a`yà b{ ~j`d h`dejoc{ bhn kcaa`bep`{(

^byà`{ kj`kf{ b` yd~pbaat phfhcuh dh Pfbdh`! bhn

o`kbp{` ci ~j` jdej b~` ci k`nd~ kbn ibpn! d~ d{ dhbnyd{boa`

~c p{` k`nd~ kbn{ c bht ci ~j` iù B^G{ ~jb~ `zd{~ dh ~j`

kcph~t( Di tcp odhe kb{j! o` bnyd{`n ~jb~ odaa{ ~jb~ jby`

ud~dhe ch ~j`g gbt hc~ o` bkk`|~`n bhn can`! udhfa`n c

~ch odaa{ udaa o` jbn ~c `zkjbhe` ic ackba kp`hkt cp~{dn`

ci Ftdy( B^G kbn{ gbt o` jà|ipa ic p{` npdhe ybkb~dch

~byà cp~{dn` ci Pfbdh` c ic ~bh{i` ci iphn{ icg ~j`

P([(! op~ ~j`t {jcpan o` f`|~ dh b {bi` |abk` ic adgd~`n p{`(

Iccn bhn Nd`~

Tcp jc{~ ibgdad`{ udaa |cydn` tcp ud~j gc{~ g`ba{! {c tcp

udaa jby` |a`h~t ci c||c~phd~d { ~c o`kcg` ibgdadb ud~j

`b~dhe *bhn kccfdhe$ Pfbdhdbh iccn( B{ dh gbht kcph~d`{!

~j` bybdabodad~t ci k`~bdh iccn{ d{ n`|`hn`h~ ch ~j` {`b{ch!

ud~j b udn` bhe` ci yè`~boa`{ bhn ipd~{ bybdaboa` dh ~j`

{|dhe bhn {pgg`( Gbht Ycaph~``{ `hmct a`bhdhe jcu ~c

|`{`y` bhn kbh iccn ic ~j` udh~`! b{ nc gbht Pfbdhdbh{(

^j` Pfbdhdbh nd`~ àd`{ j`bydat ch g`b~! |c~b~c`{! o``~{!

chdch{! bhn kboobe`{ dh ~j` udh~`(

^j` ~bnd~dchba nd`~ kbh o` jdej dh ib~ bhn kjca`{~`ca(

Yè`~bdbh{ gbt idhn d~ kjbaa`hedhe ~c gbdh~bdh ~j`d p{pba

nd`~ o`kbp{` ci ~j` abkf ci ipd~{ bhn yè`~boa`{ b~ k`~bdh

~dg`{ ci ~j` t`b( Ba~jcpej tcp jc{~ ibgdad`{ gbt o`

boa` ~c kccf yè`~bdbh iccn{ ic tcp! b {cp| n`{kdo`n b{

yè`~bdbh gbt o` gbn` ud~j b g`b~'ob{`n {~ckf( [~daa! ~j``b` gbht ~t|`{ ci Pfbdhdbh {babn{! kch{d{~dhe ci kboobe`!

o``~{! kbc~{! bhn c~j` {`b{chba bhn t`b'cphn yè`~boa`{(

Dh bnnd~dch! bh dhk`b{dhe hpgo` ci {ct |cnpk~{ b` o`dhe

dg|c~`n icg \cabhn(


35/111

B U @ A K C G @ O C C F P F _ B D H @ ;;

^bh{|c~b~dch

Gc{~ kd~d`{ dh Pfbdh` jby` b kcg|`j`h{dy` |poadk

~bh{|c~b~dch {t{~`g ci op{`{ bhn ~caa`t{( [cg` kd~d`{ jby`

~bg{! bhn Ftdy bhn Fjbfcy jby` {poubt{( Dh bnnd~dch ~c

ciidkdba bhn phciidkdba ~bzd {`ydk`{! gc{~ kd~d`{ jby` nd`k~'

cp~` ~bzd{ ~jb~ accf adf` ybh{( Dh kd~d`{ bhn ~cuh{ ud~jcp~

|poadk ~bh{|c~b~dch! |`c|a` e`~ bcphn ch icc~(

Bh `z~`h{dy` ~bdh h`~ucf kchh`k~{ kd~d`{ ~jcpejcp~

Pfbdh`! ud~j op{`{ c|`b~dhe o`~u``h {jc~` nd{~bhk`{(Gbht ci ~j` ~bdh{ b` cy`hdej~ ~bdh{! {c Ycaph~``{ kbh

a`by` ~j`d {d~` b~ hdej~ bhn bdy` b~ ~j`d n`{~dhb~dch dh ~j`

gchdhe( Bh ba~`hb~dy` ~jb~ d{ ebdhdhe |c|pabd~t d{ b apzpt

op{ h`~ucf! ujdkj ba{c |cydn`{ cy`hdej~ {`ydk` ~c gbht

kd~d`{(

E`ceb|jt bhn Kadgb~`

Pfbdh` jb{ b kch~dh`h~ba kadgb~`! ud~j ~j` `zk`|~dch ci

~j` {cp~j`h kcb{~ ci Kdg`b! ujdkj d{ dh b {po~c|dkba

}ch`( Ba~jcpej gbht |`c|a` dgbedh` Pfbdh` b{ b kcph~t

ci {hcu bhn dk`! d~ jb{ icp nd{~dhk~ {`b{ch{! ud~j {pgg`

~`g|`b~p`{ by`bedhe dh ~j` 5


36/111

\ @ B K @ K C _ \ [;>

`z|`d`hk` b{ d{ ~`bkjdhe b kab{{ c {`gdhb( [ckdba bk~dyd~d`{

udaa ybt n`|`hndhe ch uj`` tcp ady` bhn gdej~ dhkapn`

~bfdhe |b~ dh ackba i`{~dyba{! |b~d`{! bhn nbhk`{( Dh bnnd~dch!ba~jcpej ~j` \`bk` Kc|{ `hkcpbe`{ Ycaph~``{ ~c `gbdh

b~ ~j`d {d~`{ b{ bh `{{`h~dba {~b~èt ic dh~èb~dhe dh~c

~j`d kcggphd~d`{! {cg` Ycaph~``{ ckkb{dchbaat yd{d~ h`bot

Ycaph~``{ ch u``f`hn{( Gc{~ ~cuh{ bhn kd~d`{ jby` kbi`{

bhn `{~bpbh~{ ic `y`hdhe{ cp~! bhn gbht Ycaph~``{ jby`

~à`yd{dch{ bhn YK_{ dh ~j`d b|b~g`h~{(

\ci`{{dchbad{g! N`{{! bhn O`jbydc

^j` \`bk` Kc|{ `z|`k~{ tcp ~c o`jby` dh b ubt ~jb~ udaa

ic{~` `{|`k~ ~cubn tcp dh tcp kcggphd~t bhn ìa`k~ uàa

ch ~j` \`bk` Kc|{ bhn ch ~j` Phd~`n [~b~`{( Tcp udaa `k`dy`

bh cd`h~b~dch ~c b||c|db~` o`jbydc bhn kpa~pba {`h{d~dyd~t

npdhe |`'{`ydk` ~bdhdhe( B{ b Ycaph~``! tcp jby` ~j`{~b~p{ ci bh dhyd~`n ep`{~ bhn ~jp{ gp{~ o` {`h{d~dy` ~c ~j`

jbod~{! ~b{~`{! bhn ~bocc{ ci tcp Pfbdhdbh jc{~{( Tcp h``n

~c o` bub` ~jb~ o`jbydc ~jb~ m`c|bnd}`{ ~j` \`bk` Kc|{

gd{{dch dh Pfbdh` c tcp |`{chba {bi`~t udaa hc~ o` ~ca`b~`n

bhn kcpan a`bn ~c bngdhd{~b~dy` {`|bb~dch! b n`kd{dch ot ~j`

\`bk` Kc|{ ~c ~`gdhb~` tcp {`ydk`(

B{ tcp jby` o``h dhyd~`n ~c {`y` dh Pfbdh` dh b |ci`{{dchba

kb|bkd~t! u` `z|`k~ tcp udaa odhe ud~j tcp |ci`{{dchba b~~d`(

^jd{ b~~d` {jcpan o` b||c|db~` ic tcp ucf {`~~dhe bhn ic

ubafdhe ~jcpej ~cuh(

Ic ucg`h! b||c|db~` b~~d` kch{d{~{ ci {abkf{ bhn b oacp{`

c {u`b~` c b gdn'a`he~j c ache {fd~ bhn oacp{` c {u`b~`(

Ci kcp{`! dh ~j` udh~`! tcp udaa h``n ubg` kac~j`{ bhnb ubg kcb~ bhn jb~( Tcp kjcdk` ci b||bà {jcpan o`

kch{`yb~dy` dh kp~( \aphedhe h`kfadh`{! ob` gdndii{! bhn

gdhd{fd~{ b` dhb||c|db~`(


37/111


Ba~jcpej gbht ucg`h u`b jdej j`à{! d~ d{ b||c|db~` ~c

u`b acu'j`à`n {jc`{ di tcp idhn ~j`g gc` kcgic~boa`(

Htach{ b` hc~ ci~`h uch dh ~j` {pgg`(

B||c|db~` b~~d` ic g`h dhkapn`{ {abkf{ bhn bh Czicn {jd~

c! a`{{ icgbaat! kjdhc{ bhn b |cac {jd~( Npdhe gc` icgba

ckkb{dch{ b~ ucf d~ gbt o` b||c|db~` ~c u`b b ~d` bhn

mbkf`~(

B a`{{ icgba c|~dch ic oc~j g`h bhn ucg`h ch u``f`hn{

gdej~ kch{d{~ ci kjdhc{ c m`bh{ bhn b |cac {jd~ c {u`b~`(

B~~d` {pkj b{ {jc~{! ~bhf ~c|{! '{jd~{ bhn p~dad~t c

{u`b~|bh~{ b` b||c|db~` chat ic {pgg` kbg|{ c c~j`

{|c~dhe bk~dyd~d`{( Ujda` tcp b` {p` ~c {`` tcphe |`c|a`

dh {pkj b~~d`! jcu tcp b` n`{{`n udaa e`b~at dg|bk~ jcu

tcp b` |`k`dy`n bhn tcp k`ndodad~t dh tcp kcggphd~t(

B{ dh Bg`dkb! hc~ chat ~j` id{~ dg|`{{dch! op~ checdhe

b{{pg|~dch{ b{ ~c ch`{ kcg|`~`hk`! n`ndkb~dch! bhn

|ci`{{dchbad{g b` nd`k~at ~d`n ~c ch`{ b||`bbhk` bhn

b~~d`( Adydhe adi` dh b id{j ocua d{ hc~ `b{t! bhn kbh o` y`t

ip{~b~dhe ot n`{{dhe b||c|db~àt dh |poadk! tcp kbh

jà| tcp{ài ot `hndhe {cg` {|`kpab~dch#ec{{d| bocp~ tcp

bhn tcp kjbbk~`( Tcp udaa ba{c |c~`h~dbaat o` g``~dhe ud~j

ackba bp~jcd~d`{! ciidkdba{! cebhd}b~dch{! bhn kcggphd~t

g`go`{ b{ b |b~ ci tcp |cm`k~{! bhn b` `z|`k~`n ~c n`{{

b||c|db~àt(

Di tcp idhn ~jb~ tcp kp`h~ ubnco` d{ abkfdhe dh ~j`

`kcgg`hn`n b||bà! |a`b{` nc tcp {jc||dhe oìc` tcp

bdy` dh Pfbdh`( Kac~jdhe bhn {d}` {à`k~dch dh Pfbdh` ~`hn{

~c o` adgd~`n bhn e`h`baat d{ gc` `z|`h{dy` ~jbh kbh o`

icphn dh ~j` P([(


38/111

\ @ B K @ K C _ \ [;9

\`{chba [bi`~t

Gc` dhicgb~dch bocp~ ~j` \`bk` Kc|{ b||cbkj ~c {bi`~t

d{ kch~bdh`n dh ~j` J`ba~j Kb` bhn [bi`~t kjb|~`! op~ d~

d{ bh dg|c~bh~ d{{p` bhn kbhhc~ o` cy``g|jb{d}`n( B{

{~b~`n dh ~j` Ycaph~``r Jbhnoccf! o`kcgdhe b \`bk` Kc|{

Ycaph~`` `h~bda{ k`~bdh {bi`~t d{f{( Adydhe bhn ~byàdhe

dh bh phibgdadb `hydchg`h~ *ci~`h~dg`{ bach`$! jbydhe b

adgd~`n phn`{~bhndhe ci ackba abhepbe` bhn kpa~p`! bhn

o`dhe |`k`dy`n b{ uàa'cii b` {cg` ci ~j` ibk~c{ ~jb~ kbh

|p~ b Ycaph~`` b~ d{f( Gbht Ycaph~``{ `z|`d`hk` ybtdhe

nè``{ ci phubh~`n b~~`h~dch bhn jbb{{g`h~( \`~~t ~jì~{

bhn opeabd`{ b` hc~ phkcggch! bhn dhkdn`h~{ ci |jt{dkba

bhn {`zpba b{{bpa~ nc ckkp! ba~jcpej gc{~ Pfbdh` Ycaph~``{

kcg|a`~` ~j`d ~uc t`b{ ci {`ydk` ud~jcp~ |`{chba {`kpd~t

dhkdn`h~{( ^j` \`bk` Kc|{ jb{ `{~boad{j`n |ck`np`{ bhn

|cadkd`{ n`{deh`n ~c jà| tcp `npk` tcp d{f{ bhn `hjbhk`

tcp {bi`~t bhn {`kpd~t( Tcp udaa a`bh bocp~ ~j`{` |ck`np`{

bhn |cadkd`{ npdhe {bi`~t ~bdhdhe dh Pfbdh`( B~ ~j` {bg`

~dg`! tcp b` `z|`k~`n ~c ~bf` `{|ch{dodad~t ic tcp {bi`~t

bhn uàa'o`dhe(

@bkj {~bii g`go` b~ ~j` \`bk` Kc|{ d{ kcggd~~`n

~c |cydndhe Ycaph~``{ ud~j ~j` {p||c~ ~j`t h``n ~c

{pkk`{{ipaat g``~ ~j` kjbaa`he`{ ~j`t udaa ibk` ~c jby` b {bi`!j`ba~jt! bhn |cnpk~dy` {`ydk`( U` `hkcpbe` Ycaph~``{ bhn

ibgdad`{ ~c accf b~ cp {bi`~t bhn {`kpd~t Dhicgb~dch ch ~j`

\`bk` Kc|{ uò{d~` b~ uuu(|`bk`kc|{(ecy#{bi`~t(

_ùbn{ bhn Ip{~b~dch{

D~ gbt ~bf` ~dg` ic tcp Pfbdhdbh kcph~`|b~{ ~cphn`{~bhn tcp ca` b{ b Ycaph~`` bhn ic tcp ~c n`~`gdh`

tcp b||c|db~` `{|ch{dodad~d`{( Tcp gbt hc~ o` {~`||dhe

dh~c b uàa'nìdh`n {d~pb~dch( Tcp udaa h``n ~c `g`go` ~jb~


39/111


tcp b` |b~ ci b ache'~`g n`yàc|g`h~ |cm`k~( B kjbaa`he`

~jcpejcp~ tcp b{{dehg`h~ udaa o` ~c jà| tcp kcph~`|b~{

n`yàc| ~j`d kb|bkd~t ~c kch~dhp` ~c |ìcg {dgdab ucfbi~` tcp n`|b~p`(

Tcp gbt o` ip{~b~`n b~ ~dg`{ ot hc~ o`dhe boa` ~c

kcggphdkb~` `b{dat dh ~j` ackba abhepbe`! `y`h bi~` ~j`

|`|bb~dch |cydn`n npdhe |`'{`ydk` ~bdhdhe( Ujda` tcp

kccndhb~c gbt jby` b ibdat {~che kcggbhn ci @head{j!

gc{~ ci tcp kcaa`bep`{ udaa hc~( A`bhdhe Pfbdhdbh c

_p{{dbh udaa gbf` b gbmc ndii``hk` dh tcp ucf! dh tcp

bodad~t ~c bnb|~ ~c adydhe dh Pfbdh`! bhn dh tcp b||`kdb~dch ci

Pfbdhdbh {ckd`~t bhn kpa~p`(

B~~d~pn`{ bocp~ bkdba ndii``hk`{ bhn |poadk `z|`{{dch ci

bkd{g b` e`h`baat ndii``h~ dh Pfbdh` icg ~jc{` ~t|dkbaat

icphn dh ~j` Phd~`n [~b~`{( Dhkdn`h~{ dhycaydhe nd{`{|`k~ ic!

bhn jbb{{g`h~ bebdh{~! gdhcd~t Ycaph~``{ ckkp bhn d~ d{dg|c~bh~ ic |`c|a` ~c kch{dn` ~jd{ ibk~ bhn jcu ~jd{ gdej~

bii`k~ ~j`g(

^c jby` b {pkk`{{ipa `z|`d`hk` b{ b Ycaph~``! tcp gp{~ o`

gc~dyb~`n! ia`zdoa`! bhn udaadhe ~c ucf jbn( Tcp udaa h``n ~c

~bf` ~j` dhd~db~dy` ~c dn`h~dit ackba `{cpk`{ bhn dh{~d~p~dch{

ud~j ujdkj tcp kbh kcc|`b~`( ^c o` ìi`k~dy` dh tcp ucf!

tcp gdej~ h``n ~c pha`bh |bk~dk`{ bhn |dhkd|a`{ ~jb~ tcp

jby` n`yàc|`n ch ~j` ob{d{ ci |dc `z|`d`hk`{( N`{|d~`

~j`{` kjbaa`he`{c |`jb|{ o`kbp{` ci ~j`gYcaph~``{ dh

Pfbdh` idhn {b~d{ibk~dch dh n`gch{~b~dhe ~c ~j`d kcaa`bep`{

~jb~ `y`t dhndydnpba kbh gbf` b ndii``hk` dh ~j` k`b~dch ci

b kdyda {ckd`~t( B{ d~ jb{ dh ~j` |b{~! Pfbdh` d{ |cd{`n ~c |abt b

|dyc~ba ca` dh ~j` ip~p` ci @pc|` bhn ~j` ucan( Ycaph~``{

jby` b phdrp` c||c~phd~t ~c dg|bk~ ~j` hb~p` ci ~jb~ ca`(


40/111


41/111

\@BK@ KC_\[ ^_BDH DHE

Cy`ydù ci \`'[`ydk` ^bdhdhe

^j` cy`baa ecba ci |`'{`ydk` ~bdhdhe *\[^$

d{ ~c |`|b` tcp ic {bi` bhn {pkk`{{ipa {`ydk` dh tcp ip~p`

b{{dehg`h~{ bhn kcggphd~d`{( ^j` `g|jb{d{ npdhe ~bdhdhe

d{ ch oc~j bnb|~dhe tcp `zd{~dhe {fdaa{ bhn `z|`d`hk` ~c ~j`

Pfbdhdbh `hydchg`h~ bhn n`yàc|dhe hù fhcua`ne`! {fdaa{!

bhn b~~d~pn`{ ~jb~ udaa `hboa` tcp ~c kb` ic tcp cuh j`ba~j

bhn {bi`~t! ucf ìi`k~dyàt b~ tcp {d~`{! bhn {pkk`{{ipaat

dh~èb~` dh~c tcp hù kcggphd~d`{( ^j` |cebg jb{ idy`

gbmc kcg|ch`h~{= ~`kjhdkba ~bdhdhe! abhepbe` ~bdhdhe!

kc{{'kpa~pba ~bdhdhe! j`ba~j ~bdhdhe! bhn {bi`~t bhn {`kpd~t

~bdhdhe( ^j` jcg`{~bt `z|`d`hk` *adydhe ud~j b Pfbdhdbh

ibgdat ~jcpejcp~ \[^$ d{ ch` ci ~j` gc{~ ybapboa` b{|`k~{ ci

~bdhdhe(

^j` ~bdhdhe |cebg `kcehd}`{ ~jb~ ~bdh``{ kcg` ud~j

b phdrp` {`~ ci {fdaa{ bhn `z|`d`hk`{! bache ud~j b uàa'

n`yàc|`n {`h{` ci kpdc{d~t! dhn`|`hn`hk`! bhn ~j` bodad~t ~c

bnb|~ ~c hù {d~pb~dch{( ^jp{! ~bdhdhe d{ n`{deh`n ~c |cydn`

~bdh``{ ud~j {~b~èd`{ ic ~bfdhe gc` `{|ch{dodad~t ic ~j`d

cuh a`bhdhe(

\`bk` Kc|{#Pfbdh` p{`{ b kcggphd~t'ob{`n gcnà ci

~bdhdhe( Tcp `h~d` ~bdhdhe ecp| udaa g``~ dh ~j` ~bdhdhe

jpo chat ic ~j` dhd~dba \[^ cd`h~b~dch *kbaa`n bh Bdyba

_`~`b~$! ic {`y`ba nbt{ dh ~j` gdnna` ci \[^ *kbaa`n \[^

Phdy`{d~t$! bhn ~j`h b~ ~j` `hn ci \[^ *kbaa`n [u`bdhe'Dh

_`~`b~$( Ic gc{~ ci ~j` ~bdhdhe |`dcn! jcu`y`! ~bdh``{udaa ady` dh kap{~`{ *dh ~cuh{ bhn ydaabe`{ ackb~`n ud~jdh b

~uc' ~c ~j``'jcp dn` ci ~j` \`bk` Kc|{ ciidk` dh Ftdy$ ud~j

~j`` c icp c~j` ~bdh``{! b abhepbe` bhn kc{{'kpa~pba



42/111

\ @ B K @ K C _ \ [>?


45/111

B U @ A K C G @ O C C F P F _ B D H @ >;

Bnnd~dchba ^bdhdhe Npdhe Ycaph~`` [`ydk`

^j` \`bk` Kc|{ dg|a`g`h~{ b ~bdhdhe {t{~`g ~jb~ |cydn`{

Ycaph~``{ ud~j kch~dhpba c||c~phd~d`{ ~c `hjbhk` ~j`d

~`kjhdkba bhn kc{{'kpa~pba {fdaa{( Npdhe {`ydk`! tcp udaa

jby` b~ a`b{~ ~uc ~bdhdhe `y`h~{( ^j` ~d~a`{ bhn com`k~dy`{ ic

~jc{` `y`h~{ b` b{ icaacu{=

Dh'{`rydk` ~rbdhdhe= \cydn`{ bh c||c~phd~t ic

Ycaph~``{ ~c p|ebn` ~j`d ~`kjhdkba! abhepbe`!

bhn |cm`k~ n`yàc|g`h~ {fdaa{ ujda` {jbdhe ~j`d

`z|`d`hk`{( Dh'{`ydk` `y`h~{ dh Pfbdh` dhkapn`

abhepbe` ì`{j`{! èdchba g``~dhe{! bhn |ci`{{dchba

ucf{jc|{ bhn kchi``hk`{( Checdhe abhepbe` a`bhdhe

d{ b ~c| |dcd~t ci ~bdhdhe bhn `z|bhn`n abhepbe`

gb~`dba{! ~p~c ~bdhdhe! bhn dhndydnpba jà| b`

bybdaboa` ic Ycaph~``{(

Kac{`'ci'{`rydk` kchi`r`hk`= \`|b`{ Ycaph~``{ ic

~j` ip~p` bi~` \`bk` Kc|{ {`ydk` bhn `ydù{ ~j`d

|cm`k~{ bhn |`{chba `z|`d`hk`{(

^j` hpgo`! a`he~j! bhn n`{deh ci ~j`{` ~bdhdhe{ b` bnb|~`n

~c kcph~t'{|`kdidk h``n{ bhn kchnd~dch{( ^j` f`t ~c ~j`

~bdhdhe {t{~`g d{ ~jb~ ~bdhdhe `y`h~{ b` dh~èb~`n bhn

dh~`àb~`n! icg ~j` |`'n`|b~p` cd`h~b~dch ~jcpej

~j` `hn ci tcp {`ydk`! bhn b` |abhh`n! dg|a`g`h~`n! bhn

`ybapb~`n kcc|`b~dyàt ot ~j` ~bdhdhe {~bii! \`bk` Kc|{

{~bii! bhn Ycaph~``{(


46/111


47/111

TCP_ [email protected]^J KB_@ BHN

[BI@^T DH PF_BDH @

^j` \`bk` Kc|{ jdej`{~ |dcd~t d{ gbdh~bdhdhe ~j` eccn

j`ba~j bhn {bi`~t ci `bkj Ycaph~``( \`bk` Kc|{ g`ndkba

|cebg{ `g|jb{d}` ~j` dg|c~bhk` ci j`ba~j gbdh~`hbhk`

o`jbydc{( ^j` \`bk` Kc|{ dh Pfbdh` gbdh~bdh{ b kadhdk ud~j

icp ipaa'~dg` g`ndkba ciidk`{ ujc ~bf` kb` ci Ycaph~``{|dgbt j`ba~j kb` h``n{( G`ndkba {`ydk`{! {pkj b{ ~`{~dhe

bhn ob{dk ~`b~g`h~! b` bybdaboa` dh Pfbdh` b~ kbìpaat

{k``h`n ackba ibkdad~d`{( Di tcp o`kcg` {`dcp{at daa! tcp udaa o`

~bh{|c~`n `d~j` ~c bh Bg`dkbh'{~bhnbn g`ndkba ibkdad~t dh

~j` èdch c ~c ~j` Phd~`n [~b~`{(

J`ba~j D{{p`{ dh Pfbdh`

J`ba~j d{{p`{ ybt bkkcndhe ~c ~j` {ckdba! `kchcgdk! bhn

`hydchg`h~ba kchnd~dch{ ci `bkj èdch dh Pfbdh`( [cg`

j`ba~j d{{p`{ ~jb~ |c{` kjbaa`he`{ ic baa Pfbdhdbh{ icaacu(

_bndb~dch bhn hpka`b {bi`~t( Ic~t |`k`h~ ci Pfbdh`{

à`k~dkd~t d{ |cydn`n ot hpka`b |cu`( ^j` P([( N`|b~g`h~

ci @hèt bhn ~j` Pfbdhdbh [~b~` Hpka`b _èpab~ct

Kcggd{{dch kcaabocb~` dh gchd~cdhe bhn dg|cydhe {bi`~t

b~ baa c|`b~dhe ibkdad~d`{ dh Pfbdh`( Ycaph~``{ b` hc~

|abk`n ud~jdh ;< fdacg`~`{ ci bh c|`b~dhe |cu` {~b~dch( Baa

kp`h~at c|`b~dhe {~b~dch{ g``~ U`{~`h {bi`~t {~bhnbn{(

^j` ab{~ `bk~c b~ ~j` Kj`hcota hpka`b |cu` |abh~

ub{ {jp~ ncuh dh N`k`go` ?


48/111

Hc Ycaph~``{ b` |abk`n b~ bht {d~` ud~j jdej`'~jbh'hcgba

a`yà{ ci bndb~dch( ^j` Pfbdhdbh ecy`hg`h~ gchd~c{ i`{j

iccn{ bhn g`b~{ {can dh k`h~ba gbf`~{ ~c `h{p` ~jb~ hciccn ~jb~ `zk``n{ @pc|`bh hcg{ ic bndb~dch d{ {can dh

Pfbdhdbh gbf`~{(

Dhnp{~dba |caap~dch( Npdhe ~j` [cyd`~ `b! ~j` k`h~ba bhn

`b{~`h èdch{ ci Pfbdh` u`` jdejat |cnpk~dy` bhn j`bydat

dhnp{~dbad}`n! `{pa~dhe dh bd |caap~dch bhn ecphn bhn ub~`

~boa` kch~bgdhb~dch( Ycaph~``{ b` hc~ |abk`n b~ {d~`{ ud~j

phbkk`|~boa` a`yà{ ci bd bhn ecphn |caap~dch(

Bd |caap~dch( Y`jdka` `zjbp{~ d{ phèpab~`n! {c mcee`{ dh

abe` ~cuh{ bhn kd~d`{ {jcpan bycdn phhdhe npdhe |`bf

~biidk jcp{( Ujda` {gce dh kd~d`{ gbt o` hc uc{` ~jbh dh ~j`

Phd~`n [~b~`{! Ycaph~``{ ud~j b jd{~ct ci b{~jgb gbt idhn

~j`d kchnd~dch `zbkòb~`n( Dh bnnd~dch! kdeb`~~` {gcfdhe d{

kcggch dh Pfbdh`! bhn |poadk b`b{ b` {àncg n`{dehb~`nb{ hc {gcfdhe b`b{(

Dh{piidkd`h~ dhib{~pk~p`( ^j` `kchcgdk kjbaa`he`{ ci

o`kcgdhe bh dhn`|`hn`h~ kcph~t jby` jbn b hèb~dy` dg|bk~

ch ~j` bodad~t ci Pfbdh`{ kd~d`{ bhn ~cuh{ ~c |cydn` ob{dk

{`ydk`{ ~c `{dn`h~{( Ic `zbg|a`! ub~` {p||at {t{~`g{ dh

{cg` kd~d`{ bhn ~cuh{ nc hc~ epbbh~`` |c~boa` ub~`( Dh

c~j` ackb~dch{! bybdabodad~t ci ub~` d{ adgd~`n ~c |`bf p{`

jcp{( Jc~ ub~`! ujdkj ub{ e`h`b~`n k`h~baat dh kd~d`{

npdhe ~j` [cyd`~ `b! d{ ci~`h hc~ bybdaboa`( Dh kd~d`{ ud~j

j`b~dhe |abh~{! ~j` bybdabodad~t ci j`b~ dh udh~` d{ n`~`gdh`n

ot `bkj kd~t{ idhbhkdba `{cpk`{( Di ~j` ackba ecy`hg`h~

abkf{ {piidkd`h~ `{cpk`{! `{dn`h~{ gp{~ p{` {|bk` j`b~`{!

kcba' c uccn'ophdhe {~cy`{! c c~j` g`bh{ ~c j`b~ ~j`d

jcg`{( Dh e`h`ba! adydhe rpb~`{ dh ~j` udh~` b` kcca` ~jbh

ujb~ Bg`dkbh{ b` bkkp{~cg`n ~c(

\ @ B K @ K C _ \ [>9


49/111


50/111

\ @ B K @ K C _ \ [

`z~`gàt dg|c~bh~ dh b`b{ uj`` ndbehc{~dk bhn ~`b~g`h~

ibkdad~d`{ b` hc~ p| ~c ~j` {~bhnbn{ ci ~j` Phd~`n [~b~`{( ^j`

gc{~ dg|c~bh~ ci tcp `{|ch{dodad~d`{ dh Pfbdh` d{ ~c ~bf`~j` icaacudhe |`y`h~dy` g`b{p`{=

[ckdba d{cab~dch bhn ~j` {~`{{ ci kc|dhe ud~j b hù kpa~p`

kbh o` cyùjàgdhe b~ ~dg`{! |b~dkpabat dh ch`{ id{~ iù

gch~j{ dh'kcph~t( Pfbdhdbh udh~`{ b` rpd~` kcan! bhn

{jc~ nbt{ bhn ache hdej~{ |`ybda icg `bat N`k`go` ~c

`bat Gbkj( [`b{chba kjbhe`{ dh ~j` bgcph~ ci {phadej~ kbh

bii`k~ ch`{ `gc~dchba j`ba~j( \`bk` Kc|{ g`ndkba ciidk`{

|cydn` {p||c~ ic g`h~ba j`ba~j d{{p`{! bhn b ybd`~t ci

|`` {p||c~ ucf{jc|{ jà| nìp{` ~j` {~`{{ b{{ckdb~`n

ud~j bnmp{~g`h~ d{{p`{( Tcp |cbk~dy` kcggd~g`h~ ~c èpab

`z`kd{`! b eccn nd`~! bhn {piidkd`h~ jtnb~dch udaa ba{c jà|(

Bakcjca kch{pg|~dch d{ kcggch b~ {ckdba `y`h~{ dh Pfbdh`!

bhn ~j` {po~a`~d`{ ci b||c|db~` bakcjca p{` kbh o` ndiidkpa~~c phn`{~bhn( Bakcjcad{g d{ hc~ kcggchat `kcehd}`n b{ b

nd{`b{` dh Pfbdh`! bhn {p||c~ h`~ucf{ ic bo{~dh`hk` bhn

~`b~g`h~ b` hc~ `z~`h{dyàt n`yàc|`n( Ycaph~``{ ud~j b

jd{~ct ci bakcjca bop{` gbt i`à kjbaa`he`n ot ~j` |`yb{dy`

p{` ci bakcjca dh ~j` kpa~p`( H`y`~jà`{{! ~jc{` ujc kjcc{`

hc~ ~c ndhf jby` icphn ~jb~ gbdh~bdhdhe ~jb~ kjcdk` nc`{ hc~

dh~ì`` ud~j n`yàc|dhe |c{d~dy` àb~dch{jd|{ ud~j Pfbdhdbh{(

Gbht daah`{{`{ ~jb~ biiadk~ Ycaph~``{ ucanudn` b` `h~dàt

|`y`h~boa` di |c|` iccn bhn ub~` |`kbp~dch{ b` ~bf`h(

^j`{` nd{`b{`{ dhkapn` iccn |cd{chdhe! |bb{d~dk dhi`k~dch{!

j`|b~d~d{ B! bhn nt{`h~`t( \c|` iccn |`|bb~dch bhn

{~cbe` n`k`b{` ~j` dhkdn`hk` ci obk~`dba bhn ydba

eb{~c`h~`d~d{! bhn bycdndhe bu gdaf |cnpk~{ n`k`b{`{

~j` adfàdjccn ci kch~bk~dhe obk~`dba daah`{{ b{{ckdb~`n ud~j

hch|b{~`pd}`n gdaf( ^j` g`ndkba ciidk`{ udaa nd{kp{{ {|`kdidk

{~bhnbn{ ic ub~` bhn iccn |`|bb~dch dh Pfbdh` npdhe

|`'{`ydk` ~bdhdhe(

>:


51/111

[bhd~b~dch ibkdad~d`{ dh Pfbdh` ph ~j` ebgp~= U`{~`h'

{~ta` ~cda`~{ bhn ^pfd{j {rpb~ ~cda`~{ b` |`{`h~ dh `rpba

hpgo`{! bhn dh {gbaa` ydaabe`{ bhn ~cuh{ cp~jcp{`{ b`kcggch( ^j` a`yà ci ka`bhadh`{{ dh |poadk ibkdad~d`{ bhn ch

|poadk ~bh{|c~b~dch ybd`{ e`b~at(

O`kbp{` ci ~j` j`byt g`~ba kch~`h~ bhn |c{{doa` gdkcodba

kch~bgdhb~dch ci gc{~ ci ~j` ub~` {p||at dh Pfbdh`!

Ycaph~` { b` nd{kcpbe`n icg ndhfdhe ~b| ub~ ( Dh`z|`h{dy`

oc~~a`n ub~` d{ `bndat bybdaboa` dh fdc{f{ bhn {~c`{! bhn ~j`

\`bk` Kc|{ udaa |cydn` iphn{ ic |pkjb{dhe d~(

Bo{~dh`hk` d{ ~j` chat k`~bdh kjcdk` ic |`y`h~dhe dhi`k~dch

ud~j JDY bhn c~j` [^D{( Tcp b` ~bfdhe d{f{ di tcp kjcc{`

~c o` {`zpbaat bk~dy`( ^c a`{{`h d{f! p{` b kchncg `y`t ~dg`

tcp jby` {`z( Uj`~j` tcp |b~h` d{ b Pfbdhdbh! b iàacu

Ycaph~``! c bhtch` à{`! nc hc~ b{{pg` ~jd{ |`{ch d{ i``

ci JDY#BDN[ c c~j` [^D{( Tcp udaa `k`dy` gc` dhicgb~dchicg ~j` g`ndkba ciidk` bocp~ ~jd{ dg|c~bh~ d{{p`(

Ycaph~``{ b` `z|`k~`n ~c bnj`` ~c bh ìi`k~dy` g`bh{

ci od~j kch~ca ~c |`y`h~ bh ph|abhh`n |èhbhkt( Tcp

g`ndkba ciidk` kbh jà| tcp n`kdn` ch ~j` gc{~ b||c|db~`

g`~jcn ~c {pd~ tcp dhndydnpba h``n{( Kch~bk`|~dy` g`~jcn{

b` bybdaboa` ud~jcp~ kjbe` icg ~j` g`ndkba ciidk`(

D~ d{ kd~dkba ~c tcp j`ba~j ~jb~ tcp |cg|~at `|c~ ~c ~j`

g`ndkba ciidk` c c~j` n`{dehb~`n ibkdad~t ic {kj`npa`n

dggphd}b~dch{! bhn ~jb~ tcp a`~ tcp g`ndkba ciidk` fhcu

dgg`ndb~àt ci {dehdidkbh~ daah`{{`{ bhn dhmpd`{(

Ucg`h{ J`ba~j Dhicgb~dch

\èhbhkt d{ ~`b~`n dh ~j` {bg` gbhh` b{ c~j` Ycaph~``

j`ba~j kchnd~dch{ ~jb~ `rpd` g`ndkba b~~`h~dch! op~ ba{c jb{

|cebggb~dk bgdidkb~dch{( ^j` \`bk` Kc|{ d{ `{|ch{doa`

B U @ A K C G @ O C C F P F _ B D H @ >4


52/111

ic n`~`gdhdhe ~j` g`ndkba d{f bhn ~j` bybdabodad~t ci

b||c|db~` g`ndkba kb` di ~j` Ycaph~`` `gbdh{ dh'kcph~t(

Edy`h ~j` kdkpg{~bhk`{ phn` ujdkj Ycaph~``{ ady` bhnucf dh \`bk` Kc|{ kcph~d`{! d~ d{ b` ~jb~ ~j` \`bk` Kc|{

g`ndkba bhn |cebggb~dk {~bhnbn{ ic kch~dhp`n {`ydk`

npdhe |èhbhkt kbh o` g`~(

I`gdhdh` jted`h` |cnpk~{ b` bybdaboa` dh ackba gbf`~{(

Di tcp `rpd` b {|`kdidk |cnpk~ ~jb~ gbt hc~ o` bybdaboa` dh

Pfbdh`! tcp udaa jby` ~c `d~j` odhe b {p||at ud~j tcp c

gbf` bbhe`g`h~{ ~c jby` ~j` |cnpk~ {`h~ ~c tcp(

Tcp \`bk` Kc|{ G`ndkba Fd~

^j` \`bk` Kc|{ g`ndkba ciidk` |cydn`{ Ycaph~``{ ud~j b

g`ndkba fd~ ~jb~ kch~bdh{ ob{dk d~`g{ h`k`{{bt ~c |`y`h~ bhn

~`b~ daah`{{`{ ~jb~ gbt ckkp npdhe {`ydk`( Fd~ d~`g{ kbh o`

|`dcndkbaat `{~ckf`n b~ ~j` g`ndkba ciidk`(

G`ndkba Fd~ Kch~`h~{

Bk` obhnbe`{

Bnj`{dy` ~b|`

Bg`rdkbh _`n Krc{{ Idr{~ Bdn ) [bi`~t Jbhnoccf

Bh~bkdn ~boa`~{ *^pg{$

Bh~dodc~dk cdh~g`h~ *Obkd~bkdh#H`cgtkdh#\catgtkdh O$Bh~d{`|~dk bh~dgdkcodba {fdh ka`bh` *Jdodka`h{$

Obhn'Bdn{

Op~~ìat kac{p`{

Kbabgdh` ac~dch

K`|bkca ac}`he`{

Kchncg{

N`h~ba iac{{Nd|j`hjtnbgdh` JKA ?0 ge *O`hbnta$

Dh{`k~ `|àa`h~ {~dkf *Kp~~`{$

Dcndh` ~boa`~{ *ic ub~` |pdidkb~dch$

\ @ B K @ K C _ \ [0


53/111


Ad| obag *Kjb|{~dkf$

Cba `jtnb~dch {ba~{ bhn Eb~cbn`

Cba ~j`gcg`~` *Ibj`hj`d~$\{`pnc`|j`ndh` JKA ;< ge *[pnbi`n$

_cod~p{{dh'NG ac}`he`{ *ic kcpej$

[kd{{c{

[~`da` ebp}` |bn{

^`~bjtnc}badh` `t` nc|{ *Yd{dh`$

^dhbk~dh *bh~dipheba k`bg$

û``}`{

Oìc` Tcp A`by`= B G`ndkba Kj`kfad{~

Di ~j`` jb{ o``h bht kjbhe` dh tcp j`ba~j|jt{dkba!

g`h~ba! c n`h~ba{dhk` tcp {pogd~~`n tcp `zbgdhb~dch

`|c~{ ~c ~j` \`bk` Kc|{! tcp gp{~ dgg`ndb~àt hc~dit ~j`

Ciidk` ci G`ndkba [`ydk`{( Ibdap` ~c nd{kac{` hù daah`{{`{!dhmpd`{! baaèd`{! c |èhbhkt kbh `hnbhe` tcp j`ba~j bhn

gbt m`c|bnd}` tcp àdedodad~t ~c {`y`(

Di tcp n`h~ba `zbg ub{ nch` gc` ~jbh b t`b bec! c di tcp

|jt{dkba `zbg d{ gc` ~jbh ~uc t`b{ can! kch~bk~ ~j` Ciidk`

ci G`ndkba [`ydk`{ ~c idhn cp~ uj`~j` tcp h``n ~c p|nb~`

tcp `kcn{( Di tcp n`h~d{~ c \`bk` Kc|{ n`h~ba kch{pa~bh~

jb{ `kcgg`hn`n ~jb~ tcp phnèc n`h~ba ~`b~g`h~ c

`|bd! tcp gp{~ kcg|a`~` ~jb~ ucf bhn gbf` {p` tcp

n`h~d{~ {`hn{ `rp`{~`n kchidgb~dch `|c~{ c Z'bt{ ~c ~j`

Ciidk` ci G`ndkba [`ydk`{(

Di tcp ud{j ~c bycdn jbydhe np|adkb~` ybkkdhb~dch{! kch~bk~

tcp |jt{dkdbh{ ciidk`! co~bdh b kc|t ci tcp dggphd}b~dch

`kcn! bhn odhe d~ ~c tcp |`'n`|b~p` {~bedhe cd`h~b~dch(Di tcp jby` bht dggphd}b~dch{ |dc ~c \`bk` Kc|{ {`ydk`!

~j` \`bk` Kc|{ kbhhc~ `dgop{` tcp ic ~j` kc{~( ^j`

\`bk` Kc|{ udaa |cydn` baa ~j` dggphd}b~dch{ h`k`{{bt ic

tcp cy`{`b{ b{{dehg`h~ {jc~at bi~` tcp bdy` dh Pfbdh`(


54/111

\ @ B K @ K C _ \ [

Odhe b ~j``'gch~j {p||at ci bht |`{kd|~dch c cy`'~j`'

kcph~` g`ndkb~dch tcp p{` ch b èpab ob{d{! dhkapndhe od~j

kch~ca |daa{( Ba~jcpej ~j` \`bk` Kc|{ kbhhc~ `dgop{`tcp ic ~jd{ ~j``'gch~j {p||at! d~ udaa |cydn` ìdaa{ ic baa

|`{chba g`ndkb~dch{ npdhe tcp {`ydk`( Ujda` bubd~dhe

{jd|g`h~ujdkj kbh ~bf` {`y`ba gch~j{tcp udaa o`

n`|`hn`h~ ch tcp cuh g`ndkb~dch {p||at(

^j` \`bk` Kc|{ udaa hc~ |bt ic jòba c hch|`{kdo`n

g`ndkb~dch{! {pkj b{ [~( Mcjh{ uc~! eapkc{bgdh`! {à`hdpg!

c bh~dczdnbh~ {p||a`g`h~{( Di tcp h``n kp{~cg c~jc|`ndk

n`ydk`{! {pkj b{ {|adh~{! obk`{! c kcg|`{{dch {~ckfdhe{!

odhe ~j`g ud~j tcp( *Hc~` ~jb~ b~~bkjboa` {jc` kbg|ch{

kbh jà| dh hèc~db~dhe dk`' bhn {hcu'kcy``n kcooa`n

{~``~{($

Tcp b` `hkcpbe`n ~c odhe kc|d`{ ci g`ndkba |`{kd|~dch{

{deh`n ot tcp |jt{dkdbh( ^jd{ d{ hc~ b `rpd`g`h~! op~ ~j`tgdej~ kcg` dh jbhnt di tcp b` rp`{~dch`n dh ~bh{d~ bocp~

kbtdhe b ~j``'gch~j {p||at ci |`{kd|~dch npe{(

Di tcp u`b `tèab{{`{! odhe ~uc |bd{ ud~j tcpb |bd bhn

b {|b`( Di b |bd o`bf{! ~j` \`bk` Kc|{ udaa `|abk` d~! p{dhe

~j` dhicgb~dch tcp nck~c dh ~j` Phd~`n [~b~`{ |cydn`n

ch ~j` `tèab{{`{ icg npdhe tcp `zbgdhb~dch( ^j` \`bk`

Kc|{ nd{kcpbe`{ tcp icg p{dhe kch~bk~ a`h{`{ npdhe tcp

{`ydk` ~c `npk` tcp d{f ci n`yàc|dhe b {`dcp{ dhi`k~dch

c c~j` `t` nd{`b{`( Gc{~ \`bk` Kc|{ kcph~d`{ nc hc~ jby`

b||c|db~` ub~` bhn {bhd~b~dch ~c {p||c~ `t` kb` ud~j

~j` p{` ci kch~bk~ a`h{`{( ^j` \`bk` Kc|{ udaa hc~ {p||at

c `|abk` kch~bk~ a`h{`{ c b{{ckdb~`n {cap~dch{ pha`{{ bh

c|j~jbagcaced{~ jb{ `kcgg`hn`n ~j`d p{` ic b {|`kdidk

g`ndkba kchnd~dch bhn ~j` \`bk` Kc|{ Ciidk` ci G`ndkba

[`ydk`{ jb{ edy`h b||cyba(

0?


55/111


Di tcp b` àdedoa` ic G`ndkb`! b` cy` 0< t`b{ ci be`!

c jby` b j`ba~j kchnd~dch ~jb~ gbt `{~dk~ tcp ip~p`

|b~dkd|b~dch dh j`ba~j kb` |abh{! tcp gbt ud{j ~c kch{pa~bh dh{pbhk` {|`kdbad{~ bocp~ phdrp` kcy`be` h``n{ oìc`

tcp n`|b~p`( ^j` \`bk` Kc|{ udaa |cydn` baa h`k`{{bt

j`ba~j kb` icg ~j` ~dg` tcp a`by` ic tcp |`'n`|b~p`

cd`h~b~dch ph~da tcp kcg|a`~` tcp {`ydk`( Uj`h tcp idhd{j!

tcp udaa o` `h~d~a`n ~c ~j` |c{~'{`ydk` j`ba~j kb` o`hìd~{

n`{kdo`n dh ~j` \`bk` Kc|{ Ycaph~``r Jbhnoccf( Tcp gbt

ud{j ~c kch{dn` f``|dhe bh `zd{~dhe j`ba~j |abh dh ìi`k~npdhe tcp {`ydk` di tcp ~jdhf be` c |`'`zd{~dhe kchnd~dch{

gdej~ |`y`h~ tcp icg `'`hcaadhe dh tcp kp`h~ |abh

uj`h tcp `~ph jcg`(

[bi`~t bhn [`kpd~tCp \b~h`{jd|

[`ydhe b{ b Ycaph~`` cy`{`b{ `h~bda{ k`~bdh {bi`~tbhn {`kpd~t d{f{( Adydhe bhn ~byàdhe dh bh phibgdadb

`hydchg`h~! b adgd~`n phn`{~bhndhe ci ~j` ackba abhepbe`

bhn kpa~p`! bhn ~j` |`k`|~dch ci o`dhe b u`ba~jt Bg`dkbh

b` {cg` ci ~j` ibk~c{ ~jb~ kbh |p~ b Ycaph~`` b~ d{f(

\c|`~t ~jì~{ bhn opeabd`{ b` hc~ phkcggch( Dhkdn`h~{

ci |jt{dkba bhn {`zpba b{{bpa~ nc ckkp! ba~jcpej bagc{~ baa

Ycaph~``{ kcg|a`~` ~j`d ~uc t`b{ ci {`ydk` ud~jcp~ {`dcp{|`{chba {bi`~t |coa`g{( Dh bnnd~dch! gc` ~jbh :0 |`k`h~

ci Ycaph~``{ {py`t`n dh ~j` ?


56/111

^j` \`bk` Kc|{ gbf`{ `y`t `iic~ ~c edy` Ycaph~``{ ~j`

~cca{ ~j`t h``n ~c iphk~dch dh ~j` {bi`{~ bhn gc{~ {`kp` ubt

|c{{doa`! o`kbp{` ucfdhe ~c gbzdgd}` ~j` {bi`~t bhn {`kpd~tci Ycaph~``{ d{ cp jdej`{~ |dcd~t( Hc~ chat nc u` |cydn` tcp

ud~j ~bdhdhe bhn ~cca{ ~c |`|b` ic ~j` ph`z|`k~`n! op~ u`

~`bkj tcp ~c dn`h~dit bhn gbhbe` ~j` d{f{ tcp gbt `hkcph~`(

_d{f ibk~c{ kbh ybt ud~jdh kcph~d`{ ~jcpejcp~ ~j` ucan

~jb~ b` {`y`n ot ~j` \`bk` Kc|{( B Ycaph~`` dh Pfbdh`

gbt ibk` d{f{ {|`kdidk ~c ~jd{ kcph~t dh bnnd~dch ~c d{f{

b{{ckdb~`n ud~j adydhe dh b n`y`ac|dhe kcph~t(

Ibk~cr{ ~jb~ Kch~rdop~` ~c Ycaph~``r _d{f

^j`r` br` {`y`rba ibk~cr{ ~jb~ kbh j`dej~`h b Ycaph~``r{

rd{f! gbht ci ujdkj br` ud~jdh ~j` Ycaph~``r{ kch~rca(

Ob{`n ch dhicgb~dch eb~j``n icg dhkdn`h~ `|c~{

ucanudn` dh ?


57/111


[pggbrt [~rb~èd`{ ~c _`npk` _d{f

Oìc` bhn npdhe {`ydk`! tcp ~bdhdhe udaa bnn`{{ ~j`{`

b`b{ ci kchk`h {c tcp kbh `npk` ~j` d{f{ tcp ibk`( Ic`zbg|a`! j`` b` {cg` {~b~èd`{ Ycaph~``{ `g|act=

[~b~èd`{ ~c `npk` ~j` d{f#dg|bk~ ci ~jì~=

Fhcu ~j` `hydchg`h~ bhn kjcc{` {bi` cp~`{#~dg`{ ic

~byà

Bycdn jdej'kdg` b`b{ |` \`bk` Kc|{ epdnbhk`

Fhcu ~j` yckbopabt ~c e`~ jà| dh bh `gè`hkt Kbt ybapboa`{ dh ndii``h~ |ckf`~{#|abk`{

Kbt b npggt ubaa`~ b{ b n`kct

[~b~èd`{ ~c `npk` ~j` d{f#dg|bk~ ci opeabt=

Ady` ud~j b ackba ibgdat c ch b ibgdat kcg|cphn

\p~ {~che ackf{ ch ncc{ bhn f``| ybapboa`{ dh b ackf

ocz c ~phf A`by` d`|abk`boa` com`k~{ b~ jcg` dh ~j` P([(

Icaacu \`bk` Kc|{ epdnàdh`{ ch gbdh~bdhdhe jcg`

{`kpd~t

[~b~èd`{ ~c `npk` ~j` d{f#dg|bk~ ci b{{bpa~=

Gbf` ackba id`hn{

Gbf` {p` tcp b||`bbhk` d{ `{|`k~ipa ci ackbakp{~cg{6 nch~ nbu hèb~dy` b~~`h~dch ~c tcp{ài ot

u`bdhe dhb||c|db~` kac~jdhe

E`~ ~c fhcu ackba ciidkdba{! |cadk`! bhn h`dejoc{

byà ud~j {cg`ch` uj`h`y` |c{{doa`

Bycdn fhcuh jdej kdg` b`b{

Adgd~ bakcjca kch{pg|~dch

00


58/111

\ @ B K @ K C _ \ [09

[p||cr~ ircg [~bii

Dh Gbkj ?


59/111


~j`d |`` Ycaph~``{! op~ ba{c ~c |`{`y` ~j` ip~p` dej~ ~c

|c{`kp~`( [jcpan Ycaph~``{ n`kdn` ab~` dh ~j` |ck`{{ ~jb~

~j`t ubh~ ~c |ck``n ud~j ~j` |c{`kp~dch ci ~j`d b{{bdabh~*{$!~jd{ c|~dch gbt hc ache` `zd{~ di ~j` `ydn`hk` ci ~j` `y`h~ ub{

hc~ |`{`y`n b~ ~j` ~dg` ci ~j` dhkdn`h~(

^j` kcph~t'{|`kdidk nb~b kjb~ o`acu {jcu{ ~j` dhkdn`hk` b~`{

bhn ~j` by`be` hpgo` ci dhkdn`h~{ ci ~j` gbmc ~t|`{ ci {bi`~t

dhkdn`h~{ `|c~`n ot \`bk` Kc|{ Ycaph~``{#~bdh``{ dh Pfbdh`

b{ kcg|b`n ~c baa c~j` @pc|`! G`nd~`bh`bh! bhn B{db *@GB$

`edch |cebg{ b{ b ujca`! icg ?


60/111

\ @ B K @ K C _ \ [0:

Uj`h bh~dkd|b~dhe \`bk` Kc|{ Ycaph~`` {`ydk`! tcp {jcpan

`yd`u baa ci ~j` {bi`~t bhn {`kpd~t dhicgb~dch |cydn`n

~c tcp! dhkapndhe ~j` {~b~`ed`{ ~c `npk` d{f( ^jcpejcp~

tcp ~bdhdhe bhn Ycaph~`` {`ydk`! tcp udaa o` `z|`k~`n ~c

{pkk`{{ipaat kcg|a`~` baa ~bdhdhe kcg|`~`hkd`{ dh b ybd`~t ci

b`b{! dhkapndhe {bi`~t bhn {`kpd~t( Chk` dh'kcph~t! p{` ~j`

~cca{ bhn dhicgb~dch {jb`n ud~j tcp ~c `gbdh b{ {bi` bhn

{`kp` b{ |c{{doa`(

2^j` by`be` hpgo`{ ci dhkdn`h~{ b` dh |b`h~j`{d{ bhn `rpba ~j` by`be``|c~`n b{{bpa~{ ic `bkj t`b o`~u``h ?


61/111


Ujb~ di tcp o`kcg` b ydk~dg ci b ydca`h~ krdg`3

Iù \`bk` Kc|{ Ycaph~``{ b` ydk~dg{ ci ydca`h~ kdg`{( ^j`

\`bk` Kc|{ udaa edy` tcp dhicgb~dch bhn ~bdhdhe dh jcu ~c o`{bi`( Op~! mp{~ b{ dh ~j` P([(! kdg` jb||`h{! bhn Ycaph~``{ kbh

o`kcg` ydk~dg{( Uj`h ~jd{ jb||`h{! ~j` dhy`{~deb~dy` ~`bg ci

~j` Ciidk` ci Dh{|`k~c E`h`ba *CDE$ d{ kjbe`n ud~j jà|dhe

|p{p` |c{`kp~dch ci ~jc{` ujc |`|`~b~` b ydca`h~ kdg`

bebdh{~ b Ycaph~``( Di tcp o`kcg` b ydk~dg ci b ydca`h~ kdg`!

~j` n`kd{dch ~c |c{`kp~` c hc~ ~c |c{`kp~` d{ `h~dàt tcp{!

bhn ch` ci ~j` ~b{f{ ci ~j` CDE d{ ~c gbf` {p` tcp b` ipaatdhicg`n ci tcp c|~dch{ bhn jà| tcp ~jcpej ~j` |ck`{{ bhn

|ck`np`{ dhycay`n dh ecdhe icubn ud~j |c{`kp~dch {jcpan

tcp ud{j ~c nc {c( Di tcp n`kdn` ~c |c{`kp~`! u` b` j`` ~c

b{{d{~ tcp dh `y`t ubt u` kbh(

Kdg`{ ~jb~ ckkp cy`{`b{! ci kcp{`! b` dhy`{~deb~`n bhn

|c{`kp~`n ot ackba bp~jcd~d`{ dh ackba kcp~{( Cp ca` d{ ~c

kccndhb~` ~j` dhy`{~deb~dch bhn `ydn`hk` kcaa`k~dch ud~j ~j`

èdchba {`kpd~t ciidk`{ *_[C{$ b~ ~j` P([( `gob{{t! ackba

|cadk`! ackba |c{`kp~c{! bhn c~j`{ ~c `h{p` ~jb~ tcp dej~{

b` |c~`k~`n ~c ~j` ipaa`{~ `z~`h~ |c{{doa` phn` ~j` abu{ ci

~j` kcph~t( CDE dhy`{~deb~dy` {~bii jb{ `z~`h{dy` `z|`d`hk`

dh kdgdhba dhy`{~deb~dch! dh ucfdhe {`h{d~dyàt ud~j ydk~dg{!

bhn b{ bnyckb~`{ ic ydk~dg{( U` ba{c gbt! dh k`~bdh adgd~`n

kdkpg{~bhk`{! bbhe` ic ~j` `~`h~dch ci b ackba abut` ~c

b{{d{~ ~j` ackba |poadk |c{`kp~c dh gbfdhe ~j` kb{` bebdh{~

~j` dhndydnpba ujc |`|`~b~`n ~j` ydca`h~ kdg`(

Di tcp nc o`kcg` b ydk~dg ci b ydca`h~ kdg`! id{~! gbf` {p`

tcp b` dh b {bi` |abk` bhn ud~j |`c|a` tcp ~p{~ bhn! {`kchn!

kch~bk~ ~j` kcph~t nd`k~c c ~j` \`bk` Kc|{ g`ndkba

ciidk` c ~j` {bi`~t bhn {`kpd~t kccndhb~c( Dgg`ndb~``|c~dhe d{ dg|c~bh~ ~c ~j` |`{`yb~dch ci `ydn`hk` bhn

~j` kjbhk`{ ci b||`j`hndhe ~j` {p{|`k~( Kcph~t nd`k~c{!

g`ndkba ciidk`{! bhn {bi`~t bhn {`kpd~t kccndhb~c b`


62/111

\ @ B K @ K C _ \ [9 jcp{ b

nbt! 5 nbt{ b u``f( U` gbt o` kch~bk~`n ~jcpej cp ?>'jcp

ydca h~ kdg` jc~adh` ydb ~`a |jch` b~ ?


63/111


Bakcjca( Phic~phb~àt! {cg` Ycaph~``{ dh Pfbdh` jby` o``h

coo`n c b{{bpa~`n ujda` dh~czdkb~`n( Dh~czdkb~dch n`k`b{`{

bub`h`{{ bhn `bk~dch ~dg`! a`bydhe ~j` dh~czdkb~`ndhndydnpba gc` ypah`boa` ~c |`nb~c{( Dh bnnd~dch! d~ d{

hc~ phkcggch ~c `hkcph~` dh~czdkb~`n dhndydnpba{ ujda`

~byàdhe ch |poadk ~bh{|c~b~dch( Npdhe |`'{`ydk` ~bdhdhe!

tcp udaa |bk~dk` {fdaa{ ~jb~ b` p{ìpa ic dn`h~ditdhe bhn

bycdndhe {d~pb~dch{ àb~`n ~c bakcjca p{` ~jb~ kbh |c{` b

~j`b~ ~c tcp |`{chba {bi`~t(

[kbg{ bhn ibpn( O`kbp{` ci ~j` jdej dhkdn`hk` ci k`nd~ kbn

bhn B^G ibpn! ~j` P([( `gob{{t {~cheat nd{kcpbe`{ ~j`

p{` ci k`nd~ kbn{ bhn B^G{ dh Pfbdh`( Ycaph~``{ {jcpan

`zkjbhe` gch`t b~ b obhf bhn hc~ ud~j gch`t `zkjbhe`{

h`b ~j` obhf! ch ~j` {~``~! c ud~j {~bhe`{( Ycaph~``{

jby` `z|`d`hk`n ybdcp{ {kbg{! bhn tcp udaa `k`dy` gc`

dhicgb~dch bocp~ |c~`h~dba {kbg{ npdhe ~bdhdhe bhn

~jcpejcp~ tcp {`ydk`(

[~btdhe [bi`= Nch~ O` b ^be`~ ic Kdg`

Tcp gp{~ o` |`|b`n ~c ~bf` ch b abe` nè`` ci

`{|ch{dodad~t ic tcp cuh {bi`~t( Chat tcp kbh gbf`

tcp{ài a`{{ ci b ~be`~! `h{p` ~jb~ tcp jcp{` d{ {`kp`!

bhn n`yàc| àb~dch{ dh tcp kcggphd~t ~jb~ udaa gbf` tcp

bh phadfàt ydk~dg ci kdg`( Dh kcgdhe ~c Pfbdh`! nc ujb~

tcp ucpan nc di tcp gcy`n ~c b hù kd~t dh ~j` Phd~`n [~b~`{=

O` kbp~dcp{! kj`kf ~jdhe{ cp~! b{f rp`{~dch{! a`bh bocp~

tcp h`dejocjccn! fhcu uj`` ~j` gc` d{ft ackb~dch{

b`! p{` kcggch {`h{`! bhn o` bub`( Tcp kbh `npk` tcp

ypah`bodad~t ~c kdg` ot dh~èb~dhe dh~c tcp kcggphd~t!

a`bhdhe ~j` ackba abhepbe`! bk~dhe `{|ch{doat! bhn bodndhe

ot \`bk` Kc|{ |cadkd`{ bhn |ck`np`{( [`ydhe {biàt bhn

ìi`k~dyàt dh Pfbdh` gbt `rpd` ~jb~ tcp bkk`|~ {cg`

`{~dk~dch{ ch tcp kp`h~ adi`{~ta`(


64/111

\ @ B K @ K C _ \ [9?

Ycaph~``{ b~~bk~ b ac~ ci b~~`h~dch oc~j dh abe` kd~d`{ bhn

b~ ~j`d {d~`{! op~ ~j`t b` adfàt ~c `k`dy` gc` hèb~dy`

b~~`h~dch dh jdejat |c|pab~`n k`h~`{ ~jbh b~ ~j`d {d~`{!uj`` ibgdat! id`hn{! bhn kcaa`bep`{ accf cp~ ic ~j`g(

Ujda` {~b`{ b` ibdat kcggch ch ~j` {~``~! ~jd{ o`jbydc

kbh o` `npk`n di tcp n`{{ kch{`yb~dyàt! bycdn `t` kch~bk~!

bhn nc hc~ `{|chn ~c phubh~`n b~~`h~dch( Dh bnnd~dch! f``|

tcp gch`t cp~ ci {dej~ ot p{dhe bh phnèbg`h~ gch`t

|cpkj! ~j` fdhn ~jb~ jbhe{ bcphn tcp h`kf bhn {~bt{ jdnn`h

phn` tcp {jd~ c dh{dn` tcp kcb~( Nc hc~ f``| tcp gch`tdh cp~{dn` |ckf`~{ ci obkf|bkf{! dh kcb~ |ckf`~{! c dh ibhht

|bkf{( Bhn baubt{ ubaf ud~j b kcg|bhdch b~ hdej~( I`gba`

Ycaph~``{ {jcpan baubt{ b{f {cg`ch` ~j`t ~p{~ ~c ubaf

~j`g jcg`( Jbydhe b gba` `{kc~ nc`{ hc~ gbf` tcp a`{{

dhn`|`hn`h~! d~ gbf`{ tcp {bi`(

\`|bdhe ic ~j` Ph`z|`k~`n= [bi`~t ^bdhdhe bhnYcaph~`` [p||c~ dh Pfbdh`

^j` \`bk` Kc|{ b||cbkj ~c {bi`~t d{ b idy`'|che`n |abh ~c

jà| tcp {~bt {bi` npdhe tcp ~uc't`b {`ydk` bhn dhkapn`{

~j` icaacudhe= dhicgb~dch {jbdhe! Ycaph~`` ~bdhdhe! {d~`

{à`k~dch kd~`db! b n`~bda`n `gè`hkt bk~dch |abh! bhn

|c~ckca{ ic bnn`{{dhe {bi`~t bhn {`kpd~t dhkdn`h~{(Pfbdh`{ dh'kcph~t {bi`~t |cebg d{ cp~adh`n oàcu(

^j` \`bk` Kc|{#Pfbdh` ciidk` udaa f``| tcp dhicg`n ci bht

d{{p`{ ~jb~ gbt dg|bk~ Ycaph~`` {bi`~t ~jcpej dhicgb~dch

{jbdhe( _èpab p|nb~`{ udaa o` cii``n dh ~j` Ycaph~``

hù{a`~~` bhn dh g`gcbhnpg{ icg ~j` kcph~t nd`k~c(

Dh ~j` `y`h~ ci b kd~dkba {d~pb~dch c `gè`hkt! tcp udaa o`

kch~bk~`n ~jcpej ~j` `gè`hkt kcggphdkb~dch h`~ucf(

Ycaph~`` ~bdhdhe udaa dhkapn` {`{{dch{ ~c |`|b` tcp ic

{|`kdidk {bi`~t bhn {`kpd~t d{{p`{ dh Pfbdh`( ^jd{ ~bdhdhe

udaa |`|b` tcp ~c bnc|~ b kpa~pbaat b||c|db~` adi`{~ta`


65/111

B U @ A K C G @ O C C F P F _ B D H @ 9;

bhn `z`kd{` mpneg`h~ ~jb~ |cgc~`{ {bi`~t bhn `npk`{ d{f

dh tcp jcg`! b~ ucf! bhn ujda` ~byàdhe( [bi`~t ~bdhdhe d{

cii``n ~jcpejcp~ {`ydk` bhn d{ dh~èb~`n dh~c ~j` abhepbe`!kc{{'kpa~pba! j`ba~j! bhn c~j` kcg|ch`h~{ ci ~bdhdhe(

K`~bdh {d~` {à`k~dch kd~`db b` p{`n ~c n`~`gdh` {bi`

jcp{dhe ic Ycaph~``{ oìc` ~j`d bdyba( ^j` \`bk` Kc|{

{~bii ucf{ kac{àt ud~j jc{~ kcggphd~d`{ bhn kcph~`|b~

be`hkd`{ ~c jà| |`|b` ~j`g ic b Ycaph~``{ bdyba bhn ~c

`{~boad{j `z|`k~b~dch{ ci ~j`d `{|`k~dy` ca`{ dh {p||c~dhe

~j` Ycaph~``( @bkj {d~` d{ dh{|`k~`n oìc` ~j` Ycaph~``{

bdyba ~c `h{p` |abk`g`h~ dh b||c|db~`! {bi`! bhn {`kp`

jcp{dhe bhn ucf{d~`{( [d~` {à`k~dch d{ ob{`n dh |b~ ch

bht à`ybh~ {d~` jd{~ct6 bkk`{{ ~c g`ndkba! obhfdhe! |c{~ba!

bhn c~j` `{{`h~dba {`ydk`{6 bybdabodad~t ci kcggphdkb~dch{!

~bh{|c~b~dch! bhn gbf`~{6 jcp{dhe c|~dch{ bhn adydhe

bbhe`g`h~{6 bhn c~j` Ycaph~`` {p||c~ h``n{(

Tcp udaa ba{c a`bh bocp~ \`bk` Kc|{#Pfbdh`{ n`~bda`n

`gè`hkt bk~dch |abh! ujdkj d{ dg|a`g`h~`n dh ~j` `y`h~ ci

kdyda c |cad~dkba ph`{~! b hb~pba c ~`kjhcacedkba nd{b{~` c

~`cd{g( Uj`h tcp bdy` b~ tcp {d~`! tcp udaa kcg|a`~`

bhn {pogd~ bh `gè`hkt kch~bk~ bhn {d~` ackb~c icg ud~j

tcp bnn`{{! kch~bk~ dhicgb~dch! bhn b gb| ~c tcp jcp{`( Di

~j`` d{ b {`kpd~t ~j`b~! tcp udaa eb~j` ud~j c~j` Ycaph~``{dh Pfbdh` b~ |`n`~`gdh`n ackb~dch{ ph~da ~j` {d~pb~dch d{

`{cay`n c ~j` \`bk` Kc|{ n`kdn`{ ~c `ybkpb~`(

Idhbaat! dh cn` ic ~j` \`bk` Kc|{ ~c o` ipaat `{|ch{dy`

~c ~j` h``n{ ci Ycaph~``{! d~ d{ dg|`b~dy` ~jb~ Ycaph~``{

dgg`ndb~àt `|c~ bht {`kpd~t dhkdn`h~ ~c ~j` \`bk` Kc|{

{bi`~t bhn {`kpd~t kccndhb~c( ^j` \`bk` Kc|{ jb{

`{~boad{j`n |c~ckca{ ic bnn`{{dhe {bi`~t bhn {`kpd~t dhkdn`h~{

dh b ~dgàt bhn b||c|db~` gbhh`! bhn d~ kcaa`k~{ bhn

`ybapb~`{ {bi`~t bhn {`kpd~t nb~b ~c ~bkf ~`hn{ bhn n`yàc|

{~b~èd`{ ~c gdhdgd}` d{f{ ~c ip~p` Ycaph~``{(


66/111

\ @ B K @ K C _ \ [9>

\`bk` Kc|{! jcu`y`! oàd`y`{ ~j`` d{ b nd{k`|bhkt

o`~u``h ~j` hpgo` ci `|c~`n dhkdn`h~{ bhn ~j` bk~pba

hpgo`{ ci dhkdn`h~{( ^j` nd{k`|bhkt gbt o` b~~dop~`n~c phn`'`|c~dhe ot Ycaph~``{ ujc gbt hc~ ubh~ ~c

`|c~ jbydhe o``h phn` ~j` dhiap`hk` ci bakcjca uj`h ~j`

dhkdn`h~ ckkp`n! c jbydhe o``h bo{`h~ icg {d~` ud~jcp~

hc~ditdhe \`bk` Kc|{! c {dg|at ~jdhfdhe ~j` dhkdn`h~ ub{

~cc dh{dehdidkbh~ ~c `|c~( ^j`ìc`! ~j` [bi`~t bhn [`kpd~t

Kcphkda *[[K$ ub{ k`b~`n {c ~bdh``{ bhn Ycaph~``{ kcpan

{|`bf ~c ~j`d |``{ èbndhe ~j`{` dhkdn`h~{ bhn! dh ~ph!

~j` dhkdn`h~{ ucpan o` bhchtgcp{at `|c~`n ~c [[K {c

\`bk` Kc|{ {~bii udaa jby` gc` bkkpb~` {~b~d{~dk{ ~c `|c~

bhn kbh o`~~` g``~ ~bdh``{ bhn Ycaph~``{ {bi`~t bhn

{`kpd~t h``n{(


67/111


H C @ [


68/111


69/111

ND Y@ _[D^T BHN K_C[['

KPA^P_BA D[[P@[

Dh ipaidaadhe d~{ gbhnb~` ~c {jb` ~j` ibk` ci Bg`dkb ud~j

jc{~ kcph~d`{! ~j` \`bk` Kc|{ d{ gbfdhe {|`kdba ìic~{

~c {`` ~jb~ baa ci Bg`dkb{ dkjh`{{ d{ ìa`k~`n dh ~j`

Ycaph~`` kc|{( Gc` Bg`dkbh{ ci kcac b` {`ydhe

dh ~cnbt{ \`bk` Kc|{ ~jbh b~ bht ~dg` dh `k`h~ t`b{(Ndii``hk`{ dh bk`! `~jhdk obkfecphn! be`! àdedch! bhn

{`zpba cd`h~b~dch b` `z|`k~`n bhn uàkcg`n bgche cp

Ycaph~``{( \b~ ci ~j` \`bk` Kc|{ gd{{dch d{ ~c jà| nd{|à

bht hc~dch ~jb~ Bg`dkbh{ b` baa ci ch` cdedh c bk` bhn ~c

`{~boad{j ~jb~ `bkj ci p{ d{ b{ Bg`dkbh b{ ~j` c~j` n`{|d~`

cp gbht ndii``hk`{(

Cp ndy`{d~t jà|{ p{ bkkcg|ad{j ~jb~ ecba( Dh c~j`

ubt{! jcu`y`! d~ |c{`{ kjbaa`he`{( Dh Pfbdh`! b{ dh c~j`

\`bk` Kc|{ jc{~ kcph~d`{! Ycaph~``{ o`jbydc! adi`{~ta`!

obkfecphn! bhn oàdì{ b` mpne`n dh b kpa~pba kch~`z~

y`t ndii``h~ icg ~j`d cuh( K`~bdh |`{chba |`{|`k~dy`{

c kjbbk~`d{~dk{ kcggchat bkk`|~`n dh ~j` Phd~`n [~b~`{

gbt o` rpd~` phkcggch! phbkk`|~boa`! c `y`h `|`{{`n dh

Pfbdh`(

Cp~{dn` ci Pfbdh`{ kb|d~ba! `{dn`h~{ ci pba kcggphd~d`{

jby` jbn àb~dyàt ad~~a` nd`k~ `z|c{p` ~c c~j` kpa~p`{!

bk`{! àdedch{! bhn adi`{~ta`{( Ujb~ |`c|a` ydù b{ ~t|dkba

Bg`dkbh o`jbydc c hcg{ gbt ba{c o` b gd{kchk`|~dch!

{pkj b{ ~j` oàdì ~jb~ baa Bg`dkbh{ b` dkj bhn jby`

oachn jbd bhn oap` `t`{( ^j` |`c|a` ci Pfbdh` b` mp{~atfhcuh ic ~j`d e`h`cp{ jc{|d~bad~t ~c ic`deh`{6 jcu`y`!

g`go`{ ci ~j` kcggphd~t dh ujdkj tcp udaa ady` gbt

nd{|abt b bhe` ci `bk~dch{ ~c kpa~pba ndii``hk`{ ~jb~ tcp

|`{`h~(



70/111

^c `b{` ~j` ~bh{d~dch bhn bnb|~ ~c adi` dh Pfbdh`! tcp

gbt h``n ~c gbf` {cg` ~`g|cbt! t`~ iphnbg`h~ba!

kcg|cgd{`{ dh jcu tcp |`{`h~ tcp{ài b{ bh Bg`dkbhbhn b{ bh dhndydnpba( Ic `zbg|a`! i`gba` ~bdh``{ bhn

Ycaph~``{ gbt hc~ o` boa` ~c `z`kd{` ~j` dhn`|`hn`hk`

bybdaboa` ~c ~j`g dh ~j` Phd~`n [~b~`{6 |cad~dkba nd{kp{{dch{

h``n ~c o` jbhna`n ud~j e`b~ kb`6 bhn {cg` ci tcp

|`{chba oàdì{ gbt o`{~ `gbdh phnd{kac{`n( Tcp udaa h``n

~c n`yàc| ~`kjhdrp`{ bhn |`{chba {~b~èd`{ ic kc|dhe

ud~j ~j`{` ~t|`{ ci kjbaa`he`{( ^j` \`bk` Kc|{ {~bii udaaa`bn ndy`{d~t bhn {`h{d~dyd~t nd{kp{{dch{ npdhe |`'{`ydk`

~bdhdhe bhn udaa o` ch kbaa ~c |cydn` {p||c~! op~ ~j`

kjbaa`he` pa~dgb~àt udaa o` tcp cuh(

Cy`ydù ci Ndy`{d~t dh Pfbdh`

Npdhe |`'{`ydk` ~bdhdhe! {`y`ba {`{{dch{ udaa o` jàn ~cnd{kp{{ ndy`{d~t bhn kc|dhe g`kjbhd{g{( U` accf icubn

~c jbydhe gba` bhn i`gba` Ycaph~``{ icg b ybd`~t ci

bk`{! `~jhdk ecp|{! be`{! àdedch{! bhn {`zpba cd`h~b~dch{

bhn jc|` ~jb~ tcp udaa o`kcg` |b~ ci b ndy`{` ecp| ci

Bg`dkbh{ ujc ~bf` |dn` dh {p||c~dhe ch` bhc~j` bhn

n`gch{~b~dhe ~j` dkjh`{{ ci Bg`dkbh kpa~p`(

Ujb~ Gdej~ b Ycaph~`` Ibk`3

^j` kcgg`h~{ dh ~jd{ {`k~dch! ujdkj kcg` icg b kc{{'

{`k~dch ci Ycaph~``{ ujc jby` {`y`n dh Pfbdh`! b`

dh~`hn`n ~c {~dgpab~` ~jcpej~ bhn nd{kp{{dch( ^j`t ìa`k~

~j` ibk~ ~jb~ `bkj |`{ch{ `z|`d`hk` ci \`bk` Kc|{

{`ydk` d{ phdrp`(

\ @ B K @ K C _ \ [9:


71/111

\c{{doa` D{{p`{ icr I`gba` Ycaph~``r{

B~ id{~! e`hn` ca`{ dh Pfbdh` kbh o` ndiidkpa~ ~c

phn`{~bhn bhn bkk`|~( Pfbdhdbh kpa~p` gbt b||`b ~co` nd{kdgdhb~ct( Pfbdhdbh ucg`h kch{~d~p~` gc` ~jbh

jbai ci ~j` ~c~ba |c|pab~dch! bhn ucfdhe ucg`h cp~hpgo`

hchucfdhe ucg`h( Ba~jcpej g`h bhn ucg`h gbt `k`dy`

`rpba |bt ic `rpba ucf! ucg`h b` phn``|`{`h~`n dh

|c{d~dch{ ci |cu` bhn ci~`h b` hc~ |cgc~`n b{ `bndat

b{ g`h ~c gbhbe`dba |c{d~dch{( ^j`{` e`hn` ndii``hk`{!

{cg`~dg`{ cy`~ bhn {cg`~dg`{ {po~a`! kbh |`{`h~ |coa`g{ic Ycaph~``{ dh mco {d~pb~dch{(

Ycaph~``r Kcgg`h~{

Bh d{{p` ic ucg`h dh Pfbdh` d{ ~j` cyìd`hnadh`{{ ci

g`h phn` ~j` dhiap`hk` ci bakcjca( _b~j` ~jbh b~~`g|~dhe

~c o` |cad~`! ucg`h {jcpan {dg|at ubaf bubt ud~jcp~ edydhe

~j`g bht b~~`h~dch( C~j` ~jbh Pfbdhdbh g`h o`dhe gc`

~bnd~dchba dh ~j`d ydù{ ci b ucgbh{ |abk` dh {ckd`~t!

ujdkj `{pa~{ dh kjdybacp{ o`jbydc! g`h dh Pfbdh` b`

rpd~` `{|`k~ipa ci ucg`h( ^jd{ {bdn! ncg`{~dk ydca`hk` d{ b

gb~~` ~jb~! phic~phb~àt! d{ hc~ `kcehd}`n b{ ~j` |coa`g

d~ d{! `{|`kdbaat b{ d~ àb~`{ ~c ~j` bop{` ci bakcjca dh ~j`

ibgdat(

Pfbdhdbh{ udaa ~t ~c |c~`k~ tcp! bhn d~{ p{pbaat dh tcp

o`{~ dh~``{~ ~c a`~ ~j`g( ^j`taa ubaf tcp jcg`! kbaa tcp b

~bzd! c `y`h a`~ tcp {|`hn ~j` hdej~ ud~j ~j`d ibgdat! b~j`

~jbh jby` tcp ubaf jcg` bach` b~ hdej~( Pfbdhdbh {~``~{

b` ci~`h phad~! b{ b` {~bduàa{ bhn kcdnc{! bhn dh udh~`

d~ e`~{ nbf oìc` 0 |(g( D `kcgg`hn ~jb~ Ycaph~``{

baubt{ kbt b iab{jadej~ bhn ~j` |`{chba babg ~jb~ ~j`

\`bk` Kc|{ d{{p`{( ^t hc~ ~c o` cp~ bach` bi~` nbf c!

uj`h ~jb~{ dg|c{{doa` *`(e(! dh ~j` udh~`$! o` jcg` ot



72/111

~j` ~dg` gc{~ |`c|a` kcg` jcg` icg ucf( E`~ ~c fhcu

tcp h`dejoc{ b~ a`b{~ ch b jàac bhn eccn nbt ob{d{( ^j`

can ucg`h {d~~dhe dh ich~ ci ~j` b|b~g`h~ opdandhe{ b`h~mp{~ ec{{d|dhe~j`t` phciidkdba ncc epbn{ bhn ~j`t`

ub~kjdhe cp~ ic tcp! ~cc(

Ic ucg`h! d~ d{ b` ~c {`` b Pfbdhdbh i`gba` ud~jcp~

gbf`p| ch! `y`h uj`h jdfdhe" Op~ ~j`t udaa fhcu tcp b` b

ic`deh` bhtubt! {c nc ujb~ tcp hcgbaat ucpan dh ~`g{

ci tcp {~ta`(

\c{{doa` D{{p`{ icr Ycaph~``r{ ci Kcacr

_bkdba bhn `~jhdk gdhcd~d`{ dh Pfbdh`|dgbdat \ca`{!

Jphebdbh{! Kdg`bh ^b~b{! bhn E``f{gbf` p| bocp~

0 |`k`h~ ci ~j` ~c~ba |c|pab~dch( ^j`t b` hc~ baubt{

uàa'cebhd}`n bhn b` hc~ p{pbaat `kcehd}`n b{ {`|bb~`

kcggphd~d`{( Kdg`bh ^b~b{ b` ~j` `zk`|~dch! b{ ~j`t b`

o`kcgdhe b gc` {dehdidkbh~ ibk`~ ci ~j` |c|pab~dch dh Kdg`b(

Dh {|d~` ci ~j` bkdba ndy`{d~t ci ~j` icg` [cyd`~ Phdch

bhn Pfbdh`{ kac{` kch~bk~{ ud~j icg` {ckdbad{~ kcph~d`{

dh B{db bhn Bidkb! gc{~ Pfbdhdbh{ jby` hc~ jbn |`{chba

dh~`bk~dch{ ud~j |`c|a` ci c~j` bk`{( ^j`t ci~`h b{{pg`

~jb~ Bidkbh'Bg`dkbh c B{dbh'Bg`dkbh Ycaph~``{

b` phdy`{d~t {~pn`h~{ icg Bidkb c B{db b~j` ~jbhBg`dkbh{( ^jp{! gdhcd~t Ycaph~``{ gbt o` {~c||`n ~c

{jcu ~j`d dn`h~didkb~dch |b|`{ gc` i`rp`h~at ~jbh c~j`

Ycaph~``{! |b~dkpabat dh abe` kd~d`{ uj`` ~j`t b` hc~

fhcuh( ^j` P([( [~b~` N`|b~g`h~ hcu ubh{ |c{|`k~dy`

~byà`{ ~c Pfbdh` ci dhk`b{dhe dhkdn`h~{ ci bkdbaat

gc~dyb~`n ydca`hk` ch d~{ uò{d~`( Dh bnnd~dch! b hpgo` ci

dh~`hb~dchba jpgbh dej~{ ecp|{ jby` `z|`{{`n kchk`hud~j ~j` d{` dh {fdhj`bn bk~dyd~t dh Pfbdh`! bhn ud~j

~j` dhk`b{dhe hpgo` ci b~~bkf{ bhn ib~bad~d`{ ~be`~dhe

dhndydnpba{ ci Bidkbh! B{dbh! Jd{|bhdk c Gdnna` @b{~`h

j`d~be`(

\ @ B K @ K C _ \ [5


73/111

Ycaph~``r Kcgg`h~{

B{ b i`gba` Bidkbh'Bg`dkbh {`ydhe dh ~j` \`bk` Kc|{#Pfbdh` `kchcgdk n`yàc|g`h~ |cebg! gt cy`baa

`z|`d`hk` b{ b gdhcd~t dh Pfbdh` jb{ o``h ùbndhe!

kjbaa`hedhe! bhn ipaidaadhe( H`y`~jà`{{! `y`t {dhea` |`{ch

dh kd~d`{ c~j` ~jbh Ftdy d{ adfàt ~c {~b` b~ tcp( Bhn! b{

dh bht c~j` kcph~t bcphn ~j` eaco`! tcp gbt `hkcph~`

{cg` bkd{g dh Pfbdh`( D jby` gbht Pfbdhdbh id`hn{

bhn op{dh`{{ bkrpbdh~bhk`{ ujc ~`b~ g` ud~j `{|`k~ bhn

{jb` ~j` uchnìpa cc~{ ci Pfbdhdbh kpa~p`( Pfbdhdbh{

`baat e`~ b fdkf cp~ ci bh Bidkbh'Bg`dkbh ucgbh

{|`bfdhe Pfbdhdbh( \`c|a` b` bgb}`n! bhn ~j`t acy` d~(

Gc{~ Pfbdhdbh{ ydù ic`deh`{ gc` dh ~`g{ ci

hb~dchbad~t ~jbh dh ~`g{ ci bk`! ~j` `zk`|~dch o`dhe ~j`

ackba |cadk`! ujc ~`hn ~c {~c| bhn `rp`{~ DN{ icg |`c|a`

ujc accf adf` ic`deh`{( Npdhe gt 25 gch~j{ dh Ftdy!

D jby` o``h {~c||`n ic dn`h~didkb~dch 20 ~dg`{( D ~jdhf

gbht Pfbdhdbh{ ydù Bg`dkbh{ b{ |`c|a` ujc jby` gc`

c|~dch{ bybdaboa` ~c ~j`g! bhn Dy` o``h ~can ~jb~ {cg` `y`h

ydù Bg`dkbh{ ud~j m`bacp{t(

Tcp nc hc~ jby` ~c bny`~d{` ~jb~ tcp b` b ic`deh`(

Pfbdhdbh{ udaa idep` ~jb~ cp~ icg ~j` ibk~ ~jb~ tcp nc hc~

jby` ~j` |jt{dkba i`b~p`{ bhn ~j` o`jbydc ~j`t b` p{`n

~c {``dhe( D jby` hc~ o``h ~`b~`n ndii``h~at ot ~j` e`h`ba

|poadk c g`kjbh~{ o`kbp{` ci gt kcac( Hc kbh D `kbaa

bht bk~{ ci nd{kdgdhb~ct ~`b~g`h~ àb~`n ~c ~j` kcac ci

gt {fdh(

^j` d{{p` ci {fdh kcac ndn hc~ `h~` dh~c gt n`kd{dch ~c

mcdh ~j` \`bk` Kc|{! bhn d~ jb{ hc~ bii`k~`n gt np~d`{ b{ b

Ycaph~``( O`dhe b Ycaph~`` jb{ o``h b ybapboa` `z|`d`hk`

ic g`( Ch` ci gt ecba{ dh mcdhdhe ~j` \`bk` Kc|{ ub{ ~c



74/111

\ @ B K @ K C _ \ [5?

a`bh bocp~ bhc~j` kpa~p` bhn ~c idhn cp~ ujb~ gc~dyb~`n

|`c|a` ci ~jb~ kpa~p` ~c ady` ~j` ubt ~j`t ady`( D jby`

a`bh`n b ac~ bhn kch~dhp` ~c a`bh(

\c{{doa` D{{p`{ icr [`hdcr Ycaph~``r{

Can` |`c|a` dh Pfbdh` b` e`h`baat `{|`k~`n bhn {``h

b{ {cpk`{ ci ud{ncg( ^j`t ci~`h jby` b e`b~` nè`` ci

k`ndodad~t p|ch bdyba b~ ~j`d {d~`{( ^j` {acu |bk` ci kjbhe`

dh b n`yàc|dhe kcph~t! jcu`y`! gbt |cy` kjbaa`hedhe

ic {cg` dhndydnpba{( Dh bnnd~dch! k`~bdh kchnd~dch{ dh

Pfbdh`ph`y`h |by`g`h~! gpa~d{~ct opdandhe{ ud~jcp~

à`yb~c{! ~cobkkc {gcf` bhn c~j` bd |caap~bh~{! bhn abkf ci

bg`hd~d`{kcgodh` ~c gbf` adi` gc` n`gbhndhe ~jbh dh ~j`

Phd~`n [~b~`{(

Ycaph~``r Kcgg`h~{

D~ d{ jbn` ~c e`~ dhycay`n dh |`c|a`{ ady`{ bhn ibgdad`{! Doàd`y`! uj`h ch` d{ can` bhn gbd`n ic {`y`ba `b{ch{(

\`c|a` ~jdhf u` b` {ài'{piidkd`h~ *ba~jcpej u` jby` ~j`

{bg` abhepbe` |coa`g{ b{ b {dhea` Ycaph~``$! bhn jc{~dhe

~uc |`c|a` d{ y`t ndiidkpa~ ic gbht Pfbdhdbh{ o`kbp{`

ci {|bk` adgd~b~dch{( Ba{c! cp Pfbdhdbh kcaa`bep`{ b`

{cg`~dg`{ b od~ dh~dgdnb~`n! D bg ~can! ot cp be`( Bhn

gbht b` mp{~ {~peeadhe ~c {pydy`! {c ~j`t kbh~ dhnpae` dhoìd`hndhe ic`deh`{(

[`hdc Ycaph~``{ b` y`t uàa'`{|`k~`n! b{ b` ~j`

Pfbdhdbh {`hdc{( Tcphe` |`c|a` cii` g` b {`b~ ch ~j`

~caa`t op{`{( ^j` kcggphd~t `{|`k~{ gt c|dhdch{ |b~at

o`kbp{` D bg bh Bg`dkbh! op~ |b~at o`kbp{` D bg cy` 00(

Dh~`bk~dch bgche Ycaph~``{ ci baa be`{ d{ y`t bkk`|~boa`(


75/111

B U @ A K C G @ O C C F P F _ B D H @ 5;

Id{~! d~ gdej~ o` hdk` ~c g`h~dch ~jb~! b{ b 9


76/111

\ @ B K @ K C _ \ [5>

Ycaph~``r Kcgg`h~

Ba~jcpej Pfbdhdbh{ b` o`kcgdhe gc` c|`h ~c nd{kp{{dheb`b{ ci {`zpbad~t! jcgc{`zpbad~t d{ abeàt kch{dn``n b

n`ydb~dch icg ~j` hcg( ^jcpej ebt bhn od{`zpba {dhe`{

bhn |ìcg`{ b` kp`h~at dh ycep`! ~jd{ d{ hc~ dhndkb~dy`

ci ~j` e`h`ba c|dhdch ci ~j` Pfbdhdbh |poadk( ^j`` b` ebt

kapo{ bhn ob{ dh b~ a`b{~ ~uc kd~d`{! dhkapndhe ~j` kb|d~ba!

op~ ~j`{` |abk`{ b` {``nt |cnpk~{ ci bh `hydchg`h~ ~jb~

nc`{ hc~ baacu |`c|a` ~c `z|`{{ ~j`g{ày`{ i`àt(

\c{{doa` _àdedcp{ D{{p`{ icr Ycaph~``r{

Gbht Pfbdhdbh{ jby` ad~~a` fhcua`ne` c phn`{~bhndhe ci

hch'Kjd{~dbh ibd~j{( _àdedcp{ co{`ybhk`{ b` |`yba`h~ dh

{kjcca{ bhn kcggphd~d`{! |b~dkpabat dh u`{~`h Pfbdh`(

^j`` b` \cad{j bhn E``f Kb~jcadk kjpkj`{ bhn Pfbdhdbh

C~jcncz kjpkj`{ dh gc{~ kcggphd~d`{( Gc{~ ode kd~d`{

jby` abe` hpgo`{ ci Kjd{~dbh gd{{dchbd`{! |b~dkpabat

icg `ybheàdkba n`hcgdhb~dch{( Ycaph~``{ b` {cg`~dg`{

gd{~bf`h ic gd{{dchbd`{! bhn ~j` \`bk` Kc|{ d{ kbìpa ~c

gbdh~bdh b {`|bb~dch icg {pkj ecp|{( Di tcp nc hc~ b~~`hn

kjpkj! Pfbdhdbh{ gbt n`gbhn ~jb~ tcp `z|abdh ujt! op~ d~ d{

|c{{doa` ~c |cad~àt n`kadh` uj`h dhyd~`n ~c b~~`hn {cg`ch`{

kjpkj di tcp kjcc{` hc~ ~c( \a`b{` hc~`! Ycaph~``{ kbhhc~ o`

|abk`n dh {d~`{ bkkcndhe ~c ~j`d àdedcp{ oàdì{(

Ycaph~``r Kcgg`h~{

B{f tcp bood bocp~ Pfbdh` bhn gc` ~jbh adfàt tcp udaa

o` ~can ~jb~ {cg` ci ~j` e`b~`{~ {kjcab{ dh Mùd{j jd{~ct

chk` ady`n j``( Kd~d`{ adf` O`ntkjdy! ]jt~cgt! Kj`hdecy!

Pgbh! bhn gbht gc` u`` chk` jcg` ~c |dgbdat Mùd{jdhjbod~bh~{! bhn ~j`d dhiap`hk` ch ~j` kpa~p` bhn iccn

`zd{~{ ~c ~jd{ nbt( Icg ~dg` ~c ~dg`! tcp udaa {`` {cg` ci

~j`{` dhiap`hk`{ bhn `y`h j`b |`c|a` {|`bf ci ~j`g( [dhk`


77/111


Pfbdh`{ dhn`|`hn`hk`! abe` hpgo`{ ci Mù{ jby` aì~ ~j`

kcph~t! dggdeb~dhe gc{~at ~c D{bà bhn! ~c b a`{{` `z~`h~!

~c E`gbht! Kbhbnb! bhn Bg`dkb( ^j`` b` b hpgo` ci`b{ch{ ic ~jd{! op~ d~ b||`b{ ~jb~ gc{~ b` accfdhe ic

o`~~` `kchcgdk c||c~phd~d`{ c b` `phd~dhe ud~j ibgdat(

^j` rp`{~dch ci bh~d'[`gd~d{g d{ bd{`n ot gbht Mùd{j

Ycaph~``{ *b{ uàa b{ ~j`d |b`h~{$ |abhhdhe ~c {`y` dh

Pfbdh`( Ci kcp{`! b{ dh baa |b~{ ci ~j` ucan uj`` Mù{

ady`! ~j`` b` dh{~bhk`{ ci bh~d'[`gd~d{g dh Pfbdh`! op~~j`t b` hc~ kcggch( O` b{{p`n ~jb~ tcp kbh o` c|`h

bocp~ tcp Mùd{j dn`h~d~t ud~j Pfbdhdbh{6 dh bagc{~ baa

kb{`{! ~j`t udaa o` y`t bkk`|~dhe( ^j` ibk~ ~jb~ tcp b`

Bg`dkbh d{ gpkj gc` dh~depdhe ~c ~j`g ~jbh tcp o`dhe

Mùd{j(

^j`` d{ hc epbbh~`` ~jb~ ~j` ~cuh dh ujdkj tcp udaa

{`y` udaa jby` b Mùd{j kcggphd~t( ^jc{` kcggphd~d`{ b`

gc` adfàt ~c `zd{~ dh b abe` kd~t( D~ d{ ndiidkpa~ ~c kab{{dit

Mù{ j`` b{ icg b |b~dkpab obhkj ci Mpnbd{g! `zk`|~

gbto` dh y`t abe` kd~d`{ adf` Ftdy bhn Cn`{{b( Dh gbht

kb{`{ ~j` Mùd{j kcggphd~t d{ b gdz ci |`c|a` {jbdhe ch`

{thbecep`(

Di ~j`` d{ b {thbecep` dh tcp ~cuh! {~c| ot bhn dh~cnpk`

tcp{ài *dh _p{{dbh ~j` ucn T`yr`t g`bh{ Mù6 ic b

ucgbh d~ d{ T`yr`tfb$( Tcp b` {p` ~c `k`dy` b y`t ubg

uàkcg` bhn! |`jb|{! `y`h bh dhyd~b~dch ~c mcdh ~j` bood dh

jd{ jcg` ic b [jboob~ g`ba( O`{dn`{ èpab {`ydk`{! gbht

{thbecep`{ jby` c~j` bk~dyd~d`{ bhn |cebg{ dh ujdkj tcp

kbh |b~dkd|b~`(

B{dn` icg ~j` |`yba`h~ C~jcncz bhn Kb~jcadk kjpkj`{!

~j`` d{ b abe` Gcgch |`{`hk` dh Pfbdh` bhn b ibdat

abe` Ob|~d{~ |`{`hk`( D jby` o``h ~can ~jb~ gbht g`ndpg'


78/111

\ @ B K @ K C _ \ [59

{d}`n kd~d`{ jby` Mùd{j ~`g|a`{( Ic c~j` ibd~j{ c

n`hcgdhb~dch{! ~j` |`{`hk` ci kjpkj`{ nc|{ {dehdidkbh~at(

[`ydk`{ b` p{pbaat dh Pfbdhdbh c _p{{dbh! op~ckkb{dchbaat tcp gdej~ idhn b kjpkj a`n ot b gd{{dchbt!

p{pbaat Bg`dkbh! ujc {|`bf{ @head{j(

\c{{doa` D{{p`{ icr Ycaph~``r{ Ud~j Nd{bodad~d`{

B{ b nd{boa`n Ycaph~`` dh Pfbdh`! tcp gbt ibk` b {|`kdba

{`~ ci kjbaa`he`{( Dh Pfbdh`! b{ dh c~j` |b~{ ci ~j` ucan!

{cg` |`c|a` jcan |`mpndkdba b~~d~pn`{ bocp~ dhndydnpba{ ud~j

nd{bodad~d`{ bhn gbt nd{kdgdhb~` bebdh{~ ~j`g( Ba{c! ~j`` d{

y`t ad~~a` ci ~j` dhib{~pk~p` ~c bkkcggcnb~` dhndydnpba{

ud~j nd{bodad~d`{ ~jb~ jb{ o``h n`yàc|`n dh ~j` Phd~`n [~b~`{(

^jb~ o`dhe {bdn! b{ |b~ ci ~j` g`ndkba ka`bbhk` |ck`{{!

~j` \`bk` Kc|{ Ciidk` ci G`ndkba [`ydk`{ n`~`gdh`n

~jb~ tcp u`` |jt{dkbaat bhn `gc~dchbaat kb|boa`! ud~j c

ud~jcp~ `b{chboa` bkkcggcnb~dch! ~c |ìcg b ipaa ~cpci Ycaph~`` {`ydk` dh Pfbdh` ud~jcp~ ph`b{chboa` d{f ci

jbg ~c tcp{ài c dh~`p|~dch ci tcp {`ydk`( ^j` \`bk`

Kc|{#Pfbdh` {~bii udaa ucf ud~j nd{boa`n Ycaph~``{ ~c

gbf` `b{chboa` bkkcggcnb~dch{ ic ~j`g dh ~j`d ~bdhdhe!

jcp{dhe! mco{d~`{! c dh c~j` b`b{ ~c `hboa` ~j`g ~c {`y`

{biàt bhn ìi`k~dyàt(


79/111


H C @ [


80/111


81/111

[email protected] @H^AT B[[email protected] RP@[^DCH[

Jcu gpkj apeebe` bg D baacu`n ~c ordhe ~c Pfrbdh`3

Gc{~ bdadh`{ jby` obeebe` {d}` bhn u`dej~ adgd~{ bhn b{{`{{

kjbe`{ ic ~bh{|c~ ci obeebe` ~jb~ `zk``n{ ~jc{` adgd~{(

^j` \`bk` Kc|{ jb{ d~{ cuh {d}` bhn u`dej~ adgd~{ bhn udaa

hc~ |bt ~j` kc{~ ci ~bh{|c~ ic obeebe` ~jb~ `zk``n{ ~j`{`

adgd~{( ^j` kp`h~ bp~jcd}`n baacubhk` d{ ~uc kj`kf`n

|d`k`{ ci apeebe` ud~j kcgodh`n ndg`h{dch{ ci oc~j |d`k`{

hc~ ~c `zk``n 2


82/111

jcg`( Jcu`y`! ~j` |dk`{ ci hbg`'obhn d~`g{ b` e`h`baat

jdej` ~jbh dh ~j` Phd~`n [~b~`{ o`kbp{` ci kp{~cg{ bhn

dg|c~ ~bz`{( @a`k~dkd~t d{ {cg`~dg`{ b~dch`n! {c d~ d{ b eccndn`b ~c odhe d~`g{ ~jb~ kbh ba{c ph ch ob~~`d`{ di h`k`{{bt(

Jcu gpkj gch`t {jcpan D ordhe3

Ycaph~``{ b` `z|`k~`n ~c ady` b~ ~j` {bg` a`yà b{ ~j`

|`c|a` dh ~j`d kcggphd~t( Tcp udaa o` edy`h b {`~~adhe'dh

baacubhk` bhn b gch~jat adydhe baacubhk`! ujdkj {jcpan kcy`

tcp `z|`h{`{( Ci~`h! Ycaph~``{ odhe bnnd~dchba gch`t ic

ybkb~dch ~byà ~c c~j` kcph~d`{( Di tcp kjcc{` ~c odhe `z~b

gch`t! odhe ~j` bgcph~ ~jb~ udaa {pd~ tcp cuh ~byà |abh{

bhn h``n{(

Uj`h kbh D ~bf` ybkb~dch bhn jby` |`c|a` yd{d~ g`3

@bkj Ycaph~`` bkkp`{ ~uc ybkb~dch nbt{ |` gch~j ci

{`ydk` *`zkapndhe ~bdhdhe$( A`by` gbt hc~ o` ~bf`h npdhe

~bdhdhe! ~j` id{~ ~j`` gch~j{ ci {`ydk`! c ~j` ab{~ ~j``

gch~j{ ci {`ydk`! `zk`|~ dh kchmphk~dch ud~j bh bp~jcd}`n

`gè`hkt a`by`( Ibgdat bhn id`hn{ b` uàkcg` ~c yd{d~

tcp bi~` |`'{`ydk` ~bdhdhe bhn ~j` id{~ ~j`` gch~j{ ci

{`ydk` b{ ache b{ ~j`d {~bt nc`{ hc~ dh~ì`` ud~j tcp ucf(

@z~`hn`n {~bt{ b~ tcp {d~` b` hc~ `hkcpbe`n bhn gbt

`rpd` |`gd{{dch icg tcp kcph~t nd`k~c( ^j` \`bk`

Kc|{ d{ hc~ boa` ~c |cydn` tcp yd{d~c{ ud~j yd{b! g`ndkba! c

~byà b{{d{~bhk`(

Udaa gt oàchedhe{ o` kcy`r`n ot dh{prbhk`3

^j` \`bk` Kc|{ nc`{ hc~ |cydn` dh{pbhk` kcy`be` ic

|`{chba ìi`k~{6 Ycaph~``{ b` pa~dgb~àt `{|ch{doa` ic

~j` {bi`f``|dhe ci ~j`d |`{chba oàchedhe{( Jcu`y`! tcp

kbh |pkjb{` {pkj dh{pbhk` oìc` tcp a`by`( Di tcp ud{j!tcp gbt kch~bk~ tcp cuh dh{pbhk` kcg|bht6 bnnd~dchbaat!

dh{pbhk` b||adkb~dch icg{ udaa o` |cydn`n! bhn u`

`hkcpbe` tcp ~c kch{dn` ~j`g kbìpaat( Ycaph~``{ {jcpan

\ @ B K @ K C _ \ [:


83/111

hc~ {jd| c ~bf` ybapboa` d~`g{ cy`{`b{( Mùàt! ub~kj`{!

bndc{! kbg`b{! bhn `z|`h{dy` b||adbhk`{ b` {pom`k~ ~c

ac{{! ~jì~! bhn o`bfbe`! bhn dh gbht |abk`{! {b~d{ibk~ctgbdh~`hbhk` bhn `|bd {`ydk`{ b` hc~ bybdaboa`(

Nc D h``n bh dh~`rhb~dchba nrdy`r{ adk`h{`3

Ycaph~``{ dh Pfbdh` nc hc~ h``n ~c e`~ bh dh~`hb~dchba

ndy`{ adk`h{` o`kbp{` ~j`t b` |cjdod~`n icg c|`b~dhe

|dyb~àt cuh`n gc~cd}`n y`jdka`{( Gc{~ pobh ~byà d{ ot

op{ c ~bzd( _pba ~byà bhe`{ icg op{`{ bhn gdhdop{`{ ~c

~pkf{ bhn b ac~ ci ubafdhe(

Ujb~ {jcpan D ordhe b{ edi~{ icr Pfrbdhdbh ird`hn{ bhn gt jc{~

ibgdat3

^jd{ d{ hc~ b `rpd`g`h~( B ~cf`h ci id`hn{jd| d{ {piidkd`h~(

[cg` edi~ {pee`{~dch{ dhkapn` fhdkffhbkf{ ic ~j` jcp{`6

|dk~p`{! occf{! c kba`hnb{ ci Bg`dkbh {k`h`{6 n`kba{ bhn

{~dkf`{6 {cpy`hd{ icg tcp b`b6 jbn kbhnd`{ ~jb~ udaa hc~

gà~ c {|cda6 c |jc~c{ ~c edy` bubt( Gbht Ycaph~``{ odhe

{|c~{ `rpd|g`h~ *`(e(! ob{f`~obaa{$! ebg`{! kbi~{ c c~j`

jcood`{ ~c {jb` ud~j ~j`d Pfdbhdbh id`hn{ bhn ackba tcp~j(

Uj`r` udaa gt {d~` b{{dehg`h~ o` uj`h D idhd{j ~rbdhdhe bhn

jcu d{cab~`n udaa D o`3

Tcp udaa o` b{{deh`n b {d~` npdhe ~j` id{~ jbai ci ~bdhdhebhn udaa jby` ~j` c||c~phd~t ~c |cydn` dh|p~ ch tcp

{d~` |ì``hk`{( Jcu`y`! f``| dh gdhn ~jb~ gbht ibk~c{

dhiap`hk` ~j` {d~` b{{dehg`h~ |ck`{{ bhn ~jb~ ~j` \`bk`

Kc|{ kbhhc~ epbbh~`` |abk`g`h~ uj`` tcp ucpan dn`baat

adf` ~c o`(

Jcu kbh gt ibgdat kch~bk~ g` dh bh `g`re`hkt3^j` \`bk` Kc|{ Ciidk` ci [|`kdba [`ydk`{ |cydn`{

b{{d{~bhk` dh jbhnadhe `gè`hkd`{ bii`k~dhe ~bdh``{ bhn

Ycaph~``{ c ~j`d ibgdad`{( Oìc` a`bydhe ~j` Phd~`n [~b~`{!

B U @ A K C G @ O C C F P F _ B D H @ :2


84/111

dh{~pk~ tcp ibgdat ~c hc~dit ~j` Ciidk` ci [|`kdba [`ydk`{

dgg`ndb~àt di bh `gè`hkt bd{`{! {pkj b{ b {`dcp{ daah`{{

c n`b~j ci b ibgdat g`go`( ^j` ?>#5 ~à`|jch` hpgoìc ~j` Ciidk` ci [|`kdba [`ydk`{ d{ :(:0:

2>5


85/111

B U @ A K C G @ O C C F P F _ B D H @ :;

bkk`{{ `gbda b~ b ackba Dh~`h`~ kbi`! b~ tcp |abk` ci ucf!

icg jcg` *di tcp jby` b kcg|p~`$! c b~ ~j` h`b`{~ `edchba

k`h~`( Ycaph~``{ e`h`baat idhn ~j` Dh~`h`~ ~c o` ~j` ib{~`{~bhn gc{~ biicnboa` ubt ~c kcggphdkb~` ud~j id`hn{ bhn

ibgdat dh ~j` Phd~`n [~b~`{(

Gbht Ycaph~``{ odhe ab|~c| kcg|p~`{! op~ ~j`t b`

`{|ch{doa` ic dh{pdhe bhn gbdh~bdhdhe ~j`g( ^j` \`bk`

Kc|{ udaa hc~ `|abk` {~ca`h kcg|p~`{ bhn {~cheat

`hkcpbe`{ ~jc{` ujc odhe ~j`g ~c e`~ |`{chba |c|`~t

dh{pbhk`(


86/111


87/111

U@ AKCG@ A@^^@_[ I_CG

PF_BDH @ YCAPH^@@ _[D jbnat fhcu uj`` ~c o`edh dh b~~`g|~dhe ~c kchy`t

~j` gpa~dibk`~`n bhn `hdkjdhe `z|`d`hk`{ D jby` jbn b{ b

\`bk` Kc|{ Ycaph~`` dh Pfbdh`( Uj`h D id{~ bdy`n b{ b

~bdh``! D ub{ ipaa ci jc|` bhn `zkd~`g`h~( B~ ~j` {bg` ~dg`!

D rp`{~dch`n di D jbn gbn` ~j` dej~ n`kd{dch dh bkk`|~dhe

gt dhyd~b~dch ~c {`y` b{ b Ycaph~`` ~`bkjdhe @head{j b{ bic`deh abhepbe` *^@IA$ dh b kcph~t D fh`u {c ad~~a` bocp~(

D uchn``n ujb~ fdhn ci dg|bk~ D kcpan gbf` b{ b tcphe

Bg`dkbh ud~j hc |dc fhcua ne` ci Pfbdhdbh c _p{{dbh(

Ch` t`b bhn {`y`h gch~j{ ab~`! ~j`` d{ hc ncpo~ dh gt

gdhn ~jb~ mcdhdhe ~j` bgb}dhe h`~ucf ci cy` ;


88/111

Dh bnnd~dch ~c ~j`{` a`{{ch{! D jby` ba{c ~bpej~ op{dh`{{

@head{j! cebhd}`n bh @head{j kapo! jà|`n ~`bkj oèdhhdhe

@head{j ~c fdhnèb~h`{! bhn kchnpk~`n ~`bkj` ~bdhdhe

ic Pfbdhdbh @head{j ~`bkj`{( ^jd{ {pgg`! gt kcaa`bep`{

bhn D udaa kchnpk~ bh @head{j abhepbe` nbt kbg| b~ gt

{kjcca ickp{`n ch {ckdba d{{p`{ bhn kpa~pba ndy`{d~t( Ci

kcp{`! ~j`{` b` mp{~ b iù `zbg|a`{ ci ~j` ybdcp{ ubt{

dh ujdkj Ycaph~``{ dh Pfbdh` {`y` bhn o`kcg` gc`

dhycay`n g`go`{ ci ~j`d kcggphd~d`{( Ud~j {p||c~ icg

iàacu \KY{ bhn \`bk` Kc|{ `g|act``{! ~j` |c{{dodad~d`{ ic

dg|bk~dhe ~j` kcp{` ci n`yàc|g`h~ dh Pfbdh` b` `hna`{{(Ujda` {~dydhe ~c gbf` b |c{d~dy` kch~dop~dch dh Pfbdh`!

D jby` icphn ~jb~ gt Pfbdhdbh kcaa`bep`{ bhn ~j` kd~d}`h{

ci Pfbdh`! b{ b ujca`! jby` edy`h g` gpkj gc` ~jbh

D udaa `y` o` boa` ~c edy` obkf( ^j`t jby` ~bpej~ g`

~j`d abhepbe`! kpa~p`! ~bnd~dch{! bhn jd{~ct( ^j`t jby`

{p||c~`n bhn b{{d{~`n g` b{ b ~`bkj`! uàkcg`n g` dh~c

~j`d kcggphd~d`{! bhn |cydn`n dh{|db~dch dh gt ucf bhn

`y`tnbt adi`( @bkj nbt ci gt {`ydk` |`{`h~{ bh c||c~phd~t

~c a`bh {cg`~jdhe hù bocp~ gt {pcphndhe{! gt{ài! bhn

~j` ucan( D kbh~ dgbedh` gt adi` ud~jcp~ Pfbdh`! bhn D bg

kchidn`h~ ~jb~ gt `z|`d`hk` bhn ~j` àb~dch{jd|{ D jby`

opda~ j`` udaa ic`y` bii`k~ gt cp~accf bhn ~j` kcp{` ci gt

adi`(

M`{{dkb Id{j`

^c o` kch{dn`dhe bh dhyd~b~dch ~c Pfbdh` dh ~j` \`bk`

Kc|{ {bt{ b ac~ bocp~ ujb~ b ibh~b{~dk bhn {|`kdba |`{ch

tcp b`( D~{ hc~ bh `b{t n`kd{dch ~c a`by` id`hn{ bhn ibgdat

ic cy` ~uc t`b{! op~ ~j` o`hìd~{ ci adydhe dh Pfbdh` gc`

~jbh gbf` p| ic o`dhe {c ib icg jcg`( ^j` id`hn{jd|{ tcp

n`yàc| hc~ chat ud~j iàacu \`bk` Kc|{ Ycaph~``{! op~ ba{c

ud~j ~j` Pfbdhdbh |`c|a`! udaa o` id`hn{jd|{ ic adi`(D `g`go` uj`h D aì~ gt id{~ jc{~ ibgdat ic gt {d~` ~j``

u`` ~`b{ dh baa cp `t`{( D {~daa ec bhn yd{d~ ~j`g bhn d~ i`à{

adf` D bg kcgdhe jcg` uj`h D nc( Op~ D kbh {~daa `g`go`

\ @ B K @ K C _ \ [:9


89/111


~jb~ id{~ hdej~ dh ~j`d jcg`( B {~bhe` o`n dh b {~bhe`

kcph~tbaa D kcpan ~jdhf ci ub{= Ujb~ ndn D nc3 D ~baf`n ud~j

~j` c~j` \KY{ dh gt ~bdhdhe ecp| bhn a`bh`n u` baa ià~

~j` {bg` ubt( Bhn u` baa rpdkfat bnb|~`n ~c cp hù ady`{ ot

jà|dhe `bkj c~j` bhn gbfdhe {p` u` baa kcggphdkb~`n(

Gt {d~` d{ b {gbaa ~cuh dh {cp~j`h Pfbdh` uj`` D

bg ~j` id{~ Ycaph~`` bhn ~j` id{~ Bg`dkbh gc{~ ci ~j`

~cuh{|`c|a` jby` `y` {``h( D {~daa e`~ {~b`n b~ uj`h D ubaf

~jcpej ~cuh! op~ d~ nc`{h~ oc~j` g` bhtgc`( ^j`` d{

{c gpkj ~c e`~ p{`n ~c uj`h tcp {`~~a` dh b~ tcp {d~`( Gt

{`kchn jc{~ ibgdat ndn b eccn mco ot dh~cnpkdhe g` ~c gbhtci ~j` {jc|f``|`{! ~j` |c{~ ciidk` abnt! |`c|a` b~ ~j` |jch`

kcg|bht! `~k(! op~ ~j`` d{ {c gpkj ~j`t kbh~ |`|b` tcp

icadf` adydhe ~jcpej ch` ci ~j` kcan`{~ udh~`{ dh Pfbdh`

ud~jcp~ j`b~( Tcp mp{~ f``| bnndhe abt`{! bhn uj`h tcp ec

~c {a``| b~ hdej~ tcp caa tcp{ài p| dh oabhf`~{ adf` b ~c~daab(

@y`h ~jcpej ~j` ub~` |d|`{ ic}` ic idy` nbt{ bhn D ub{

ud~jcp~ phhdhe ub~`! D jbn `hcpej ub~` {~c`n dh oc~~a`{

~c ab{~ ic {`y`h nbt{( D {~daa f``| gt obkfp| ub~` `bnt

o`kbp{` ~j` ub~` d{ {c dhkch{d{~`h~( D~ gdej~ {cphn {jckfdhe

~c tcp ~c ady` ~jd{ ubt! op~ ~jd{ d{ gt ucan bhn dej~ hcu D

ucpanh~ ~bn` d~ ic bht~jdhe( Mp{~ uj`h D e`~ ~c ~j` |cdh~ ci

ubh~dhe ~c {k`bg! ch` ci gt {~pn`h~{ kcg`{ p| bhn edy`{ g`

b jpe! c b iacu`! c b kjckcab~`! c mp{~ {bt{ ~jbhf tcp! bhn D

bg `bnt ~c f``| ecdhe(

Uj`h`y` D e`~ ncuh! bhn oàd`y` g` d~ jb||`h{ ~c`y`tch`! D p{` gt kàa|jch` ~c ~`z~ bhc~j` \KY( B

kàa|jch` j`` d{ b h`k`{{d~t ic tcp g`h~ba {~bodad~t" Gt

~cuh i`à{ {c d{cab~`n! bhn ~jb~ d{ ~j` jbn`{~ |b~ bocp~

adydhe dh Pfbdh`( ^bh{|c~b~dch d{ y`t ndiidkpa~ j``! op~

tcp a`bh ~c bnb|~ bhn gbf` {p` tcp e`~ ch ~j` op{" @y`t

iù gch~j{! D ~byà ~c ~j` Coab{~ kb|d~ba ci Fj`{ch ~c ~bf`

|b~ dh `~bda ~j`b|t! bhn ~jb~ ì`{j`{ bhn `{~c`{ g`( D

b{f gt{ài bi~` adydhe j`` bhn ecdhe ~jcpej ~j` jbn{jd|{!ucpan D nc d~ bebdh3 Gt bh{u` d{= dh b j`b~o`b~" O`dhe b

{`hdc Ycaph~`` D ~jcpej~ D fhù gt{ài uàa! op~ D jby`

phkcy``n |b~{ ci g` D h`y` fhù `zd{~`n( Gt gbh~b d{


90/111

\ @ B K @ K C _ \ [::

ujb~`y` nc`{h~ fdaa g` chat gbf`{ g` {~che` bhn D |abh

ch a`bydhe Pfbdh` bh `z~`gàt {~che |`{ch"

N`hdk` Nphfà`t

D kbh `kbaa b ~dg` dh ~j` hc~'{c'nd{~bh~ |b{~ uj`h D

a`bh`n ci gt dhyd~b~dch ~c {`y` dh \`bk` Kc|{#Pfbdh`( D

dgg`ndb~àt mpg|`n b~ ~j` c||c~phd~t! chat ybepàt bub` ci

~j` kcph~t{ `k`h~ jd{~ct b{ d~ apkj`n ~jcpej d~{ ~bh{d~dch

~c b gbf`~'ob{`n `kchcgt( D {pnn`hat icphn gt{ài ud~j

bh dh{b~dboa` kpdc{d~t ~c bo{co b{ gpkj b{ |c{{doa` bocp~~j` kpa~p`! ~j` jd{~ct! bhn ~j` |`c|a` ~jb~ gbf` Pfbdh`

{c phdrp`! kch{pgdhe b{ gpkj dhicgb~dch b{ D kcpan ackb~`(

Dh {|d~` ci gt `h~jp{db{g bhn o`{~ dh~`h~dch{! hc bgcph~ ci

`{`bkj kcpan bk~pbaat |`|b` g` ic ujb~ D ucpan ud~h`{{

bhn `z|`d`hk` dh Pfbdh` npdhe ~j` h`z~ ~uc t`b{(

D ydù`n `y`t~jdhe b~ id{~ ud~j oùdan``n bu`! ud~j `t`{

udn` c|`h b~ ~j` hcyà~t ci gt {pcphndhe{( D~ {``g`n {c

`zc~dk( ^j` Ktdaadk ba|jbo`~ d~{ài ub{ b kpdc{d~t! |cydndhead~~a` gcg`h~{ ci {b~d{ibk~dch uj`h D ub{ boa` ~c {pkk`{{ipaat

n`kcn` b ucn ch b odaaocbn c {~cìch~( ^j` kjbaa`he`{

|c{`n ot gt hù {pcphndhe{ j`dej~`h`n gt {`h{` ci

{ài'bub`h`{{ b{ uàa b{ bh bkp~` bub`h`{{ ci ~j` kpa~pba

ndii``hk`{ o`~u``h Bg`dkbh{ bhn Pfbdhdbh{( ^jcpej gt

jc{~ ibgdat! bhn hpg`cp{ c~j` Pfbdhdbh{ ujc bkk`|~`n

p{ dh~c ~j`d kcggphd~t npdhe ~bdhdhe! D `z|`d`hk`n bi`àdhe ci jc{|d~bad~t bhn ubg~j ~jb~ D ucpan ab~` kcg` ~c

phn`{~bhn b{ ch` ci ~j` nìdhdhe b{|`k~{ ci [abydk kpa~p`(

Gt `z|`d`hk`{ npdhe ~bdhdhe phn`{kc`n ~j` dg|c~bhk`

Pfbdhdbh{ |abk`n ch kcggphd~t! bhn jcu yd~ba d~ ucpan o` ic

gt {pkk`{{ bhn jb||dh`{{ cy` ~j` h`z~ ~uc t`b{ ~c nd{kcy`

gt cuh {`h{` ci kcggphd~t(

D oèbh opdandhe àb~dch{jd|{ ud~j ~j` |`c|a` ujc ucpan

kcg` ~c g`bh {c gpkj ~c g` dgg`ndb~àt p|ch bdydhe b~gt {d~`( Gt kcaa`bep`{ b~ ~j` {gbaa op{dh`{{ n`yàc|g`h~

k`h~` dh pba Kdg`b u`` hc~ chat `be` ~c uàkcg`

g` dh~c ~j`d ucf|abk`! op~ ba{c dh~c ~j`d j`b~{ bhn

gdhn{( Ujb~ D `k`dy`n cy` ~j` h`z~ ~uc t`b{ ub{ bh


91/111


p|'kac{`'bhn'|`{chba accf b~ ~j` kpa~p` ci ~j` Kdg`bh

^b~b{! ~j` n`{k`hnbh~{ ci ~j` cdedhba dhjbod~bh~{ ci ~j`

|`hdh{pab( Adydhe bhn ucfdhe bgche bh `~jhdk gdhcd~t dh

b abeàt jcgce`hcp{ [abydk kpa~p` |cydn`n dhhpg`boa`

c||c~phd~d`{ ~c {`` bhn `z|`d`hk` b y`t phdrp` {dn` ci

Pfbdh`( B~ ~dg`{! d~ ià~ b{ ~jcpej D ub{ {`ydhe dh \`bk`

Kc|{#P}o`fd{~bh~j` hpbhk`{ ci ~bnd~dch! abhepbe`! iccn!

àdedch! bhn jd{~ct baa y`t ndyè`h~ icg ~j` `{~ ci ~j`

kcph~t( @y`t Ycaph~``{ `z|`d`hk` d{ {cg`~jdhe phdrpàt

|`{chba ~c ~j` dhndydnpba! bhn D kbg` ~c b||`kdb~` ujb~ b

~`g`hncp{ c||c~phd~t D jbn o``h edy`h ~c phn`{~bhn gc`bocp~ jpgbh ndy`{d~t( Dh ~j` |ck`{{! D kbg` ~c a`bh {c

gpkj gc` bocp~ gt{ài(

[p`! ~j` ucf ub{ hc~ ud~jcp~ d~{ kjbaa`he`{! ud~j gbht

iba{` {~b~{ bhn dn`b{ ~jb~ h`y` rpd~` kbg` ~c ipd~dch(

[pkj {jc~kcgdhe{ chat gbf` ~j

peace corps ukraine welcome book | september 2008

Documents

Peace Corps Nepali Supplements

THE PEACE CORPS WELCOMES YOU TO Ukraine April 2015

Peace Corps Ukraine In Country Annual Report 2010

Peace Corps Portfolio

US Peace Corps

Peace Corps Powerpoint

Our Kerch Flat Tour! Want to see how Peace Corps folks live? Why? Well, Peace Corps Volunteers in Ukraine arrive at their sites with only about a hundred

The Peace Corps

Peace Corps Fellows/USA Program | Peace Corps Fellows University Lists | Peace Corps Office of Domestic Programs

Peace Corps Catalog

Peace Corps/Ukraine Survival Ukrainian Language Lessons · US Peace Corps in Ukraine Survival Ukrainian Lesson 1 Introduction . Welcome to the Peace Corps Ukraine language lessons!

Peace Corps - fcie.org

Peace Corps - Yojik · Ukrainian by Peace Corps volunteers training to serve in the Ukraine. ... mint dO not MOOS:APtty mor000nt ofIrcrol ... To have shoes repaired. 208

PEACE CORPS TIMES - Peace Corps Online

Peace Corps - Yojik

Peace Corps Catalog 2012 - Peace Corps

Peace Corps UkraineSurvival Ukrainian Peace Corps/Ukraine ... Б б b in book В ... In the following audio file you will hear a word or phrase in English one time, ...files.peacecorps.gov/multimedia/audio/languagelessons/ukraine/UA... ·

Peace Corps/Ukraine Survival Ukrainian Language Lessons · Welcome to the Peace Corps Ukraine language lessons! Ukrainian is the national language of Ukraine, and these “Survival

Peace Corps Times

Peace Corps DOS

Peace Corps Biogas

Peace Corps IG MAR Peace Corps Cloud Computing Pilot Program March 17, 2015

Peace Corps Ukraine Final Audit Report IG1106A

UGANDA - Peace Corps

Peace Corps Host Country Impact Study Ukraine

Peace Corps/Ukraine Survival Ukrainian Language Lessons · PDF filePeace Corps/Ukraine . Survival Ukrainian. Language Lessons . Hosted for free on

Children's Peace Messages From Ukraine

Handbook - Peace Corps

Peace Corps Prime': Reassessing the Role of the Peace ...students.washington.edu/nupsa/...Peace_Corps_in_Foreign_Policy.pdf · "Peace Corps Prime": Reassessing the Role of the Peace

Peace corps

Ukrainian - Language Competencies for Peace Corps Volunteers in Ukraine

Additional Resources - Peace Corps · Additional Resources: Presentation Tips Peace Corps Facts Sheet Peace Corps Presentation Template Peace Corps Media Library

Peace Corps Ukraine Report

Peace Corps/Ukraine Survival Ukrainian Language …”обрий ранок. Good afternoon. dobryy den ’ Добрий день. Good evening. dobryy vecheer Добрий вечір

Peace Corps Ukraine Welcome Book | November 2011