peatland plants · 2019. 3. 12. · wetlands with an accumulation of peat= peatlands 1) peatland...
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PEATLAND PLANTS
Bogs and Poor Fens
LOW CALCIUM
Sphagnum
Cladonia type lichens
Heather Family shrubs: Ericads
Conifers
Wiry Sedges
Insectivorous plants
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Wetlands with an accumulation of peat= PEATLANDS
1) Peatland dominated by bryophytes and graminoids
aa. Peatland not influenced by groundwater=
ombrotrophic BOG (Sphagnum the driver)
aa. Peatland influenced by groundwater flow = FEN
1) Peatland dominated by trees and shrubs
> seasonal drawdown
waters are rich in dissolved minerals
= peat SWAMP
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PEATLAND PLANTS
Sphagnum: The Driver
Look for rosette like heads, “capitula”
Hydrogen Ion Pumps
Dead cells raise water table
By capillary action
Habitat Result:
Wet
Acid
Low nutrient
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PEATLAND PLANTS
Insectivorous plants: 1. Sundews..
Drosera rotundifolia Drosera intermedia
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PEATLAND PLANTS
Insectivorous plants: 2. Pitcher plant
Sarracenia purpurea
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PEATLAND PLANTS Insectivorous plants
3. Bladderworts: Utricularia spp.
Intermediate bladderwort
Utricularia intermedia
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PEATLAND PLANTS
Heather Family: Ericaceae
ERICACEAE, heather family
acidophilic shrubby plants with mycorrhizal roots
flower parts in 4s or 5s, usually some fusion
leaves simple, usu. tough (often evergreen)
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Heather Family: Ericaceae;
GENUS: GAYLUSSACIA
Deciduous leaves
Bell flowers
Berries
Gaylussacia baccata = Black huckleberry
UPLAND BARRENS to WET PEATLANDS = FAC but FACU in USA
Hand lens: LOOK FOR UNSTALKED,
ORANGE GLANDS ON LEAVES
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Heather Family: Ericaceae;
GENUS: GAYLUSSACIA
Deciduous leaves
Bell flowers
Berries
Gaylussacia dumosa = Bog huckleberry
BOGS = OBLIGATE WETLAND PLANT
Look for stalked
orange glands on
leaves
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Heather Family: Ericaceae;
GENUS: Kalmia
Evergreen leaves
Saucer-like flowers
Dry capsule
Kalmia angustifolia = sheep laurel
Upland barrens to wet peatlands
= FAC
← Whorled
leaves;
Flowers below
leaves
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Heather Family: Ericaceae;
GENUS: Kalmia
Evergreen leaves
Saucer-like flowers
Dry capsule
Kalmia polifolia = bog laurel
BOGS
= OBLIGATE
Opposite leaves
Terminal flowers (at top of stem)
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Heather Family: Ericaceae;
GENUS: Andromeda
Bog Rosemary
Evergreen leaves
bell flowers
Dry capsules
Need to differentiate from Bog
Laurel:
Lvs not opposite, leaf veins
white, leaf not shiny
Stem usually arches over,
flowers in pale lilac bells point
downward
BOGS & POOR FENS: OBLIGATE
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Heather Family: Ericaceae;
Chamaedaphne calyculata
Leatherleaf
Evergreen leaves
White bell flowers
Dry capsules
BOGS & POOR FENS: OBLIGATE
Earliest to flower (azure
butterflies)
Look for pebbled white
surface on leaves
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Heather Family: Ericaceae;
Rhododendron
Dry capsules
Rhododendron
groenlandicum
Labrador tea
FACW
Rhododendron canadense
Rhodora
FACW
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Heather Family: Ericaceae;
Small cranberry
Vaccinium oxcoccos
Vines
Berries
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BOG PLANTS: Wiry Sedges..
sedges, clubsedges, cottonsedges and
beaksedges
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Sedge Family = CYPERACEAE
Sedge genus = Carex “sedges have edges
rushes are round
grasses are hollow
now what have you found”
Carex flowers are grouped
into spikes
Grouped by sex,
male spike = staminate
female = carpellate
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Sedge Family = CYPERACEAE
Sedge genus = Carex
←← staminate spike
←← carpellate spike
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Sedge Family = CYPERACEAE
Sedge genus = Carex
Carpellate spikes break apart:
Equal number of
perigynia and scales
Perigynia are single seeded
ovaries (achenes) inside sacs
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BOG PLANTS: Wiry Sedges..
Sedges..Carex
Sedges with only one
spike:
←coastal sedge
Carex exilis
few-flowered sedge →
Cx. pauciflora
Section Stellulatae = sedges with starlike
spikes:
Carex echinata and Carex atlantica
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BOG PLANTS: Other Sedges..
sedges
Carex magellanica
Boreal bog sedge
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BOG PLANTS:
Wiry Sedges: Beaksedges= Rhynchospora
Beaksedges ↑
inflorescences
have beaked
achenes
White beaksedge Brown
beaksedge
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BOG PLANTS:
Wiry Sedges: Cottonsedges= Eriophorum
Hare’s tail
Eriophorum
vaginatum
“cotton” = bristles
around the achenes
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BOG PLANTS:
Wiry Sedges: Cottonsedges= Eriophorum
One spikeletTypical dry bog
species.
Several spikelets
(E. angustifolium has reddening of
leaves; Corner Brook has fen and swamp w
E. gracile, E. viridicarinatum)
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BOG PLANTS:
ORCHIDS
←Platanthera blephariglottis
Northern white fringed orchid
&
←Arethusa bulbosa
Dragon’s mouth
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BOG PLANTS: The Three Pink Orchids
Pogonia ophioglossoides Arethusa bulbosa Calopogon
tuberosus
Rose pogonia Dragon’s mouth Grass pink
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BOG PLANTS: ROSE FAMILY
Radial symmetry, many stamens
Bake apple
Rubus chamaemorus
Bog Rose
Rosa nitida
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high shrub, bog border
note colours...purple lvs
false holly
Nemopanthus mucronata
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high shrub, bog border
wild raisin
Viburnum nudum
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bog
N2 fixation
aromatic
flood-tolerant
Myrica gale
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N2 fixation
aromatic
In bogs but
prevalent in
seashores
Myrica
pensylvanica
(syn. Morella
pensylvanica)
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A. Dwarf shrubs or trailing vines, less than 10cm above bog surface
B. Vines
C. stem with appressed hairs= SNOWBERRY
C. Stem naked = SMALL CRANBERRY
B. Upright, glossy leaved, tastes of wintergreen = TEABERRY
A. Shrubs more than 10cm tall
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A. Shrubs more than 10cm tall
D. leaf margin inrolled
E. margin slightly inrolled at tip, lvs blue-green above
whitish below = RHODORA
E. leaves strongly inrolled
F. underneath leaves, wooly = LABRADOR TEA
F. not wooly, leaves narrow
G. under leaf dense white tomentum, upper
leaf with pale veins notable against dark green
flowers drooping = BOG ROSEMARY
G. under leaf merely white, upper leaf shiny green
flowers borne upright = BOG LAUREL
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D. Leaves not inrolled
H. Leaves aromatic, toothed at apex only, resin dots: SWEET GALE
H. Not aromatic
I. Leaves opposite
J. Lvs serrate, terminal bud scurfy brown and long: WILD RAISIN
J. Not toothed, small buds: SHEEP LAUREL
I. Leaves alternate
K. Petiole long (1/3 of blade), usu. purple: FALSE HOLLY
K. Not as above
L. Upper midrib (use handlens) w black hairs, margin serrate
CHOKEBERRY
L. Hairless leaves and not serrate
M. Old leaves bronzed, new lvs w white dots on upper surface
LEATHERLEAF
M. Not as above and not as leathery
N. Shrub small (usu. less than 30cm), glands on leaf
margin stalked (handlens) BOG HUCKLEBERRY
N. larger shrubs (30-150cm), yellow glands not stalked
BLACK HUCKLEBERRY