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Table o contents

Preace 7

Part 1 – Structure of pectins

Revealing pectin’s structure 19

H.A. Schols, G.-J. Coenen and A.G.J. VoragenAbstract 191. Introduction 20

2. Research strategy 213. Elucidation o the chemical structure o pectin 224. Ongoing search or new analytical methods or use in pectin research 295. Future perspectives 31Reerences 31

Hydrodynamic properties o isolated pectin domains: a way to gure out

pectin macromolecular structure? 35

 M.-C. Ralet and J.-F. Tibault Abstract 351. Introduction 352. Pectins with varying GalA/Rha ratios can be isolated rom cell wall

materials o dierent plant sources 383. Isolated pectins rom dierent plant sources encompass various

amounts o HG domains o very similar degrees o polymerisation 394. Isolated RGI backbone domains exhibit variable degrees o 

polymerisation depending on the plant source 415. Te Arabidopsis quasimodo2 mutant is HG-decient but the remaining

HG have maintained the same size as those in the wild type 436. Conclusions 44Reerences 46

Structural elucidation o cell wall polysaccharides rom okra ( Abelmoschus

esculentus (L.) Moench) 49

N. Sengkhamparn, R. Verhoef, E.J. Bakx, H.A. Schols, . Sajjaanantakul and  A.G.J. Voragen

Abstract 491. Introduction 492. Material and methods 503. Results and discussions 514. Conclusions 54Reerences 55

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Molecular shape and unctionality o HM pectin 57

K. Meyer-Hansen, H.L. Nielsen and C. RolinAbstract 57

1. Introduction 572. Materials and methods 593. Results 614. Discussion 645. Conclusions 68Acknowledgements 68Reerences 68

Characterization o sugar beet pectin in relation to emulsion unctionality 71

 J.A. Staunstrup, H.L. Nielsen and C. Rolin

Abstract 711. Introduction 712. Materials and methods 733. Results 764. Discussion 805. Conclusions 84Acknowledgments 85Reerences 85

Infuence o pectin structure on the mechanical properties o fax bres:

a comparison between linseed-winter variety (Oliver) and a bre-spring

variety o fax (Hermes) 87

S. Alix, J. Goimard, C. Morvan and C. Baley Abstract 871. Introduction 872. Mechanical properties 883. Morphology, anatomy and microstructure analyses 914. Chemical composition o bres 925. Conclusion 95Reerences 96

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Part 2 – Pectinases

Advances in pectinolytic enzymes, genes and regulation in Aspergillus 101

B.S. Gruben and R.P. de VriesAbstract 1011. Introduction 1012. Pectinolytic enzymes rom Aspergillus 1033. Pectinolytic genes and genomics 1054. Regulation o pectinolytic gene expression in Aspergillus 1085. Concluding remarks 110Reerences 111

Purication and cloning o a rhamnogalacturonase tolerant to an acetylated

rhamnogalacturonan 115

 J. Normand, P. Delavault, J.-F. Tibault and E. BonninAbstract 1151. Introduction 1152. Material and methods 1163. Results and discussion 1194. Conclusion 124Reerences 124

Behavior o pectin methylesterases in pectic gels 127

 A. Slavov, M.-J. Crépeau, S. Durand, C. Garnier, J.-F. Tibault and E. BonninAbstract 1271. Introduction 1272. Materials and methods 1283. Results and discussion 1304. Conclusions 134Reerences 135

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Part 3 – Pectins in plant cell walls

Pectins, cell wall biology and the elucidation o unctions 139

Y. Verhertbruggen and J.P. Knox Abstract 1391. Introduction 1392. Results and discussion 140Reerences 146

Pectins in secondary cell walls: modications during cell wall assembly and

maturation 149

Т.A. Gorshkova, P.V. Mikshina, N.N. Ibragimova, N.E. Mokshina,.E. Chernova, O.P. Gurjanov and S.B. ChemikosovaAbstract 1491. Pectins can be the major non-cellulosic polysaccharides in secondary 

cell walls 1502. Pectins can be tightly bound to cellulose 1503. Nascent pectic galactan rom fax phloem bers 1534. Variability o the galactan structure. Blockwise arrangement? 1545. Why the galactan? 1576. Modications o pectic galactan during cell wall assembly and maturation 1577. Flax bers contain a lot o ree galactose at the stage o secondary cell

wall ormation 1618. Concluding remarks 162Acknowledgements 163Reerences 163

In vitro synthesis o polygalacturonic acid 167K. Yasui, J. Jinno, . Ohashi and . Ishimizu

Abstract 1671. Introduction 1672. Results and discussion 168Acknowledgements 174Reerences 174

Which mango processing residues are suitable or pectin recovery in terms

o yield, molecular and techno-unctional properties o extractable pectins? 177

S. Neidhart, S. Sirisakulwat, A. Nagel, P. Sruamsiri and R. CarleAbstract 1771. Introduction 1772. Material and methods 1783. Results and discussion 181

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4. Conclusions 192Acknowledgements 193Reerences 193

Extraction and unctional properties o ‘green labelled’ pectin rom plant

by-products 197

 A. Zykwinska, M. Panouillé, J.-F. Tibault and E. BonninAbstract 1971. Introduction 1972. Material and methods 1983. Results and discussion 2014. Conclusion 208Reerences 208

Part 4 – Functionality and applications of 

pectins

Pectin – β-lactoglobulin complex ormation: infuence o pectin overall

charge and local charge density 213

B.L.H.M. Sperber, M.A. Cohen Stuart, H.A. Schols, W. Norde and  A.G.J. Voragen

Abstract 2131. Introduction 2142. Materials and methods 2153. Results 2184. Conclusions 226Reerences 227

Valencia orange pectinmethylesterases, charge modication o pectins, and

applications to ood technology and drug delivery 231

Y. Kim, H. Lee, J. Jung, J. Rivner, R. Lutz, R. Arnold, N. Garti and L. Wicker Abstract 2311. Introduction 2312. Materials and methods 2343. Results and discussion 2354. Conclusion 241Acknowledgement 241Reerence 241

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The use o pectin modiying treatments to minimize texture and structure

degradation o rozen ruits and vegetables 245

S. Van Buggenhout, A. Van Loey and M. Hendrickx 

Abstract 2451. Introduction 2452. Material and methods 2473. Results and discussion 2494. Conclusions 257Acknowledgements 257Reerences 257

Texture improvement o processed carrots by modiying pectin 261

 A. De Roeck, D.N. Sila, . Duvetter, A. Van Loey and M. Hendrickx 

Abstract 2611. Introduction 2612. Materials and methods 2643. Results and discussion 2664. Conclusion 272Acknowledgements 273Reerences 273

Floatation: scourge o ruit processors? 275

H.-U. Endress and A. Pirker Abstract 2751. Introduction 2752. Physics o foatation 2763. Materials and methods 2794. Results 2835. Conclusions 290Reerences 290

Part 5 – Health aspects of pectins

Recent studies on structures and intestinal immunity modulating activities

o pectins and pectic polysaccharides rom medicinal herbs 293

H. Yamada, H. Kiyohara and . MatsumotoAbstract 2931. Introduction 2942. Intestinal immune system and its modulating polysaccharides in

medicinal herbs 2943. Structural requirements or intestinal immune system modulating activity 2964. Stimulatory eect o medicinal herb and its polysaccharide raction on

G-CSF secretion rom intestinal epithelial cells 300

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5. Stimulatory eect o a pectic polysaccharide, bupleuran 2IIc on G-CSFsecretion rom intestinal epithelial cells. 301

6. Conclusion 303

Reerences 303

New bioactive and biobased product applications o pectin 305

 A. Hotchkiss, R. Rastall, G. Gibson, I. Eliaz, L.S. Liu and M. FishmanAbstract 3051. Introduction 3052. Prebiotics 3063. Bacterial adhesion 3074. Cancer 3075. Heavy metal chelation and detoxication 308

6. Biobased products 3097. Conclusions 309Reerences 309

PectiCoat: immobilized enzymatically-tailored pectins to improve the

biocompatibility o medical devices 313

 M. Vayssade, R. Verhoef, A. Haeger, G. Cascardo, C. Bussy, M. Gallet, M. Morra, J.P. Knox, H.A. Schols and M.-D. Nagel 

Abstract 3131. Introduction 3132. Materials and methods 3143. Results and discussion 3164. Conclusions 321Acknowledgements 322Reerences 322

Index 325