pedestrian crash briefing aug 2008 nhtsa’s national center for statistics & analysis 1 author:...

Pedestrian Crash Briefing Aug 2008

NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics & Analysis 1

Author:Author:Dow ChangDow Chang

[email protected]@dot.gov

NHTSA Technical Report BriefingNHTSA Technical Report Briefing

““National Pedestrian Crash National Pedestrian Crash

ReportReport””



PurposePurpose

• Trend in Pedestrian Crashes• Crash Location• Crash Time• Pedestrian Factors • Vehicle Driver Factors• Other Crash Factors, such as light

condition, weather, …



Data SourcesData Sources

Crash Data Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS)

1997-2005 Final Files and 2006 Annual Report File General Estimates System (GES) of National

Automotive Sampling System (NASS) 1997-2006 Files

Exposure Data Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT)

Federal Highway Administration Population

Census Bureau Walking Miles Traveled (WMT)

o Bureau of Transportation Statistics, US DOT



Crash TrendCrash Trend

Source: FARS and GES

5,321 5,2284,939 4,763 4,901 4,851 4,774 4,675

4,892 4,784

67,53770,421

74,82876,49976,709

84,62385,08892,71976,337

85,010

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006Year

Number

Pedestrian Crash Death Pedestrian Crash

Ped Fatalities and Ped Crashes by Year




Source: FARS

13 13

12

11

12

11 11 11 11 11

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006Year

%

Percentage of Ped Fatalities by Year




Ped Fatality Probability and Crash Probability by Year


6.36.8 6.3 6.2 6.2

6.9 7.1

1.3 1.2 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1

5.85.65.3

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006Year

% Fatality Probability Crash Probability




Ped Fatality Rate per One Billion VMT by Year

Source: FARS and FHWA Highway Statistics

1.99

1.841.75

1.64 1.59

1.73

1.581.651.70

2.08

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Year

Pedestrian death per 1 billion VMT




Source: FARS

Ped Killed by Crash Type and Year

4,876 4,801 4,516 4,340 4,480 4,445 4,310 4,237 4,445 4,327

445 427 423 423 421 406 464 438 447 457

92% 92%91% 91% 91% 92% 90% 91% 91% 91%

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006Year

Pede

stria

n Fa

talit

ies

Single Vehicle Crash Multiple Vehicle Crash



Crash LocationCrash Location

Source: FARS

Distribution of Ped Fatalities by Ped Location

The % Distribution of 10-Yr Total Ped Deaths Section

Crosswalk Availability Roadway Crosswalk Other Total Available 21% 9% 0% 30%

Not Available 42% 0% 6% 48% Unknown 17% 0% 5% 22%

Total 80% 9% 11% 100% Source: FARS 1997-2005 (Final), 2006 (ARF)




Source: FARS

• Over three-fourths (78%) of the pedestrians were killed at non-intersections.

• Two-thirds of pedestrian fatalities (67%) were in city street.

• Only 13% of U.S. cities or towns (5,658)

accounted for those pedestrian fatalities in city street. (total cities: 42,500)




Source: FARS

Distribution of Cities by Number of Ped Killed

10-99 Killed

9%

Over 99

1%

1 Killed

47%2-9 Killed

43%

City Group Number* %1 Killed 2,692 472-9 Killed 2,424 4310-99 498 9100-199 30 0.6200-499 9 0.2500-999 4 0.1Over 1000 1 0.0Total 5,658 100

* The number is the total of 10-year period (1997-2006).




Source: FARS

Top 5 Cities With the Highest Ped Fatalities

City Name Rank* % Number of Fatalities (‘97-‘06) New York, NY 1 3.5 1,743

Los Angeles, CA 2 2.0 986 Chicago, IL 3 1.4 687

Phoenix, AZ 4 1.1 540 Houston, TX 5 1.0 514

Source: FARS 1997-2005 (Final), 2006 (ARF) *Rank based on % of 10-yr total fatalities




Source: FARS

Top 3 States With the Highest Ped Fatalities

State Name Rank* % Number of Fatalities (’97-‘06) North Dakota 51 0.1 48

Vermont 50 0.1 60 Wyoming 49 0.1 71

Source: FARS ‘97-‘05 (Final), 2006 (ARF) *Rank based on % of 10-yr total fatalities

Top 3 States With the Lowest Ped Fatalities

State Name Rank* % Number of Fatalities (’97-’06) California 1 14.4 7,056

Florida 2 10.4 5,125 Texas 3 8.7 4,269

Source: FARS ‘97-‘05 (Final), 2006 (ARF) *Rank based on % of 10-yr toal fatalities




Source: FARS

Distribution of Ped Fatalities by NHTSA Operation Regions

3.1%

17.9%

3.2%

13.5%

9.6%

18.9%

12.3%

14.2%

3.8%

3.5%



Crash DensityCrash Density

Source: FARS and Census Bureau

• Average Fatalities Per Capita 1.7

14.9

Pedestrian Fatalities per100K Population

Total Crash Fatalities per100K Population

• Average Walking Miles Per Death

Unit: 1 million

7077

WMT per PedestrianFatality

VMT per OccupantFatality

• Estimated by:• Walking Miles Traveled (WMT) / Pedestrian Fatalities

• Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) / Motor Vehicle Occupant Deaths

• The data from 2001 National Household Travel Survey.

Source: FARS, NHTS 2001, and FHWA



Crash TimeCrash Time

Source: FARS

• On average, 13 pedestrians die in vehicle crashes each day, or one pedestrian every 107 minutes.

• January 1 and October 31 were the two most deadly days of the year, having the highest number of pedestrian fatalities (average 24 & 21 per day).

• Oct, Nov, and Dec have higher fatality percentages (10% each) than any other month.





Distribution of Ped Fatalities by Time of Day

3,022

6%

5,73012%

3,735

8%

4,330

9%

3,514

7%

6,07912%

12,14625% 10,281

21%

Midnight to 3a.m.

3 a.m. to 6 a.m. 6 a.m. to 9 a.m. 9 a.m. to Noon Noon to 3 p.m. 3 p.m. to 6 p.m. 6 p.m. to 9 p.m. 9 p.m. toMidnight





Ped Fatalities per Crash by Time of Day

0.20

0.05 0.040.07

0.110.16

0.03 0.03

Midnightto 3 a.m.

3 a.m. to 6a.m.

6 a.m. to 9a.m.

9 a.m. toNoon

Noon to 3p.m.

3 p.m. to 6p.m.

6 p.m. to 9p.m.

9 p.m. toMidnight





• Ped Distribution by Day of the Week

• Ped Fatalities per Crash by Day of the Week

Day of the Week Killed % Killed/Crash Pedestrian Killed Pedestrian CrashSunday 14 0.08 6,718 78,376Monday 12 0.06 6,149 106,604

Tuesday 13 0.06 6,321 111,597Wednesday 13 0.05 6,511 116,370

Thursday 13 0.05 6,570 118,064Friday 17 0.06 8,111 134,533

Saturday 18 0.08 8,732 103,982



Pedestrian DemographicsPedestrian Demographics

Source: FARS, GES, and Census Bureau

Distribution of Ped Fatality and Pop by Sex

10-Yr Total Ped Killed, 69%

10-Yr Total Ped Killed, 31%

10-Yr Average Pop, 51%

10-Yr Average Pop, 49%

Male Female

• The probability of a male pedestrian being killed in a crash is 7 per 100, a female is 5 per 100.



Pedestrian DemographicsPedestrian Demographics

Source: FARS, GES, Census Bureau

Distribution of Ped Fatality and Pop by Age Group

Pop, 21%

Pop, 14%

Ped Killed, 35%

Ped Killed, 21%

Ped Killed, 9% Ped Killed, 12%

Ped Killed, 23% Pop, 29%

Pop, 23%

Pop, 13%

Child (Under 15) Youth (15-24) Young Adult (25-40) Adult (41-64) Senior (65+)



Pedestrian FactorPedestrian Factor


Pedestrian Fatalities per Crash by Age Group

0.020.04

0.060.09

0.15

Child (Under 15) Youth (15-24) Young Adult (25-40) Adult (41-64) Senior (65+)





Distribution of Ped Fatalities by BAC Level

BAC .08+, 33%

No Alcohol, 63%

BAC .01-.07, 4%

• When alcohol is involved the probability of the ped being killed in a crash (22/100) is 4 times higher than when no alcohol is involved (5/100).




Source: FARS

Distribution of Ped Action in Fatal Crashes

1.5 2.1

27.3 25.4

13.9 12.1

5.39.8

2.6

ImproperCrossing

InRoadway

Fail to YieldRight-of-Way

Darting orRunning into

Road

Not Visible Inattentive Fail to ObeyTrafficControl

Other Unknown

%



Vehicle Driver DemographicsVehicle Driver Demographics

Source: FARS

Distribution of Drivers by Sex in Fatal Ped Crashes

Unknown, 10% Male Driver,

65%Female Driver, 25%



Vehicle Driver FactorVehicle Driver Factor


• Almost all drivers survived the pedestrian crashes (93%)• Most vehicle drivers did not have alcohol (83%)• Majority of drivers were not speeding (91%)• A pedestrian is still likely to die in a crash even if the driver is obeying the posted speed limit.

Pedestrian fatalities per 100 crashes:

551

Speeding Not Speeding



Alcohol InvolvementAlcohol Involvement

Source: FARS

Distribution of Ped Fatalities by Ped and Driver Alcohol Involvement

The % Distribution of 10-Yr Total Ped Deaths

Driver BAC

No Alcohol .01-.07 .08+ Total

Pedestrian BAC

No Alcohol 54% 2% 6% 62%

.01-.07 3% 0% 1% 4%

.08+ 26% 2% 6% 34%

Total 83% 4% 13% 100%

Source: FARS 1997-2005 (Final) 2006 (ARF)



Vehicle Driver FactorVehicle Driver Factor

Source: FARS

• One in five pedestrians was killed in hit-and-run motor vehicle crashes.

27

79910

20

32445

Hit-and-Run

Vehicle

Driver

Driving over

Posted Limit

Fail to Yield

Right-of-Way

Drugs Inattentive Fail to keep

in Proper

Lane

Other Non-

Moving

Traffic

Violation

Operating

Vehicle in

Reckless

Manner

Non-Traffic

Violation

Charged

Others Unknown

%

Driver Distribution by Behavior in Fatal Ped Crashes



Other: WeatherOther: Weather


Distribution of Ped Fatalities by Weather Condition

89

0.2 0.8 1 0.4 0.68

No AdverseCondition

Rain Sleet Snow Fog Other Unknown

%

0.19 0.18 0.160.06 0.040.05

No AdverseCondition

Rain Sleet Snow Fog Other

Ped Fatalities per Crash by Weather Condition



Other: Light Condition Other: Light Condition


30 32 33

2 2

Daylight Dark Dark but Lighted Dawn Dusk

%

0.030.08 0.10

0.040.22

Daylight Dark Dark but Lighted

Dawn Dusk

Distribution of Ped Fatalities by Light Condition.

Ped Fatalities per Crash by Light Condition



Other: Posted Speed Limits Other: Posted Speed Limits


0.02 0.02

0.32

0.060.15

No Limit Post Under 30 30-39 40-49 50+

Ped Fatalities per Crash by Posted Speed Limits



Review Key FindingsReview Key Findings

• Although pedestrian fatalities declined between 1997 and 2006, the probability of a pedestrian fatality in a crash increased.

• Nationwide, a pedestrian crash death occurred every 70 million miles walked.

• Males have a much higher probability than females to be killed. People 65 and older have a much greater possibility than other age groups to be killed in a crash.

• As a pedestrian’s BAC increases, the probability of a pedestrian getting killed in a crash increases.



Questions?

pedestrian crash briefing aug 2008 nhtsa’s national center for statistics & analysis 1 author:...

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