pediatric thrombosis and bleeding- case studies · a2 1 22 a1 2 3 2 6 a3 1 22 2 3 2 6 a3 a2 a1...

183
מחלות דמם מודי משגב המרכז הארצי להמופיליה והמכון לקרישת הדם שיבא, תל השומר

Upload: others

Post on 25-Sep-2020

8 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

מחלות דמם

מודי משגב

המרכז הארצי להמופיליה

והמכון לקרישת הדם

תל השומר, שיבא

Page 2: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Blood coagulation – Fast, Strong and Precise

Page 3: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Primary Hemostasis - Vascular endothelium & Platelets

Adhesion

Page 4: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Aggregation

Page 5: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Secondary Hemostasis - Coagulation system

Page 6: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Fibrin clot

Secondary Hemostasis - Coagulation system

Page 7: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Normal fibrin networkFibrin clot

Secondary Hemostasis - Coagulation system

Page 8: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

♦ Type - Petechiae / Purpura / Ecchymosis

♦ Site - Predominantly skin, nose, GI / urinary tract

♦ Trigger - Immediate onset of bleeding usually after trauma

Platelets quantity or quality defects

Page 9: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Petechiae

Pinpoint bruise less than 4 mm in diameter

Do not blanch with pressure (angiomas)

Not palpable (Vasculitis)

Page 10: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Pinpoint bruise less than 4 mm in diameter

Petechiae

Page 11: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Pinpoint bruise less than 4 mm in diameter

Petechiae

Page 12: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Purpura

0.4 - 1 cm, generally round in shape usually (purple)

Page 13: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

‘Wet’ Purpura – Buccal mucosa, Gingiva, palate

Page 14: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Sub-cutaneous bleeding

Ecchymosis

Blood in a thin layer under the skin, over 1 cm in diameter

("black and blue“)

Page 15: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Gums bleeding

Page 16: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Epistaxis

Page 17: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Menstrual Bleeding

Page 18: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

♦ Type - Soft tissue hematomas, “Deep” Bleeding

♦ Site - Joints, muscles, intra-abdominal , ICH

♦ Trigger – Spontaneous or trauma related may be delayed

.

Page 19: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Secondary hemostasis

Joint Bleed

Page 20: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

• Abnormal bleeding symptoms ?

• Bleeding type ?

• Congenital (or acquired) ?

• Disease ?

• Drug (OTC supplements) ?

Page 21: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

• Abnormal bleeding symptoms ?

Page 22: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

• Bleeding type ?

Page 23: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

A negative family history does not rule out a hereditary BD

• New mutations

• Patients may be unaware of relatives with bleeding disorders

• Abnormal bleeding symptoms ?

• Bleeding type ?

• Congenital ?

• Disease ?

• Drug ?

Page 24: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

• Abnormal bleeding symptoms ?

• Bleeding type ?

• Congenital ?

• Disease ?

• Drug ?

osler-weber-rendu disease Ehler danlos

arteriovenous malformation avm

Page 25: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed
Page 26: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

• Abnormal bleeding symptoms ?

• Bleeding type ?

• Congenital ?

• Disease ?

• Drug ?

Garlic, Ginger, Ginkgo, Ginseng

Green tea, kava, saw palmetto

St John’s wort, Valerian

Omega-3 fatty acids

SSRI’s

Medicines (Basel) 2015

Page 27: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

• Abnormal bleeding symptoms ?

• Bleeding type ?

• Congenital ?

• Disease ?

• Drug ?

Curcumin

Biochem Pharmacol 1999

Inhibitory effect of curcumin, a food spice from turmeric, on platelet-

activating factor- and arachidonic acid-mediated platelet aggregation

through inhibition of thromboxane formation and Ca2+ signaling.

Page 28: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Coagulation

PT, aPTT

Fibrinogen (Quantity)

Thrombin Time (Quality)

CBC

Hb / Hct

Platelets

Routine Tests

Special tests

Coagulation factors

Platelets (Quality)

Page 29: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

ADP Collagen Epinephrin Ristocetin

Platelet aggregation

Shape

changeAggregation

Photo

detectorPlatelet Rich Plasma

Page 30: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Vascular

lesion

Effect of Hct on platelet deposition on damaged arterial segments

Page 31: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Effect of Hct on platelet deposition on damaged arterial segments

Hct = 40%, PLTs = 200,000/mcL

Hct = 20%, PLTs = 200,000/mcL

Hct = 20%, PLTs = 50,000/mcL

Transfusion 1994; 34:542-9

1

2

3

Page 32: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

PTT – 80s

• Abnormal bleeding symptoms ?

• Bleeding type ?

• Congenital or acquired ?

• Disease causing bleeding ?

• Drug cause of bleeding ?

TT – 14s

ח שנים8-בן שנה ו

2 לברך ולמרפק תוך חודש ימים ללא חבלה–דימומים

על הזרוע והירך" סימן כחול"פעמיים

מדממים מאד"סבא של הילד ודוד של אמא -משפחה."

PT – 12s

Page 33: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

PTT – 80s

ממוצא אשכנזי72בן

דםבילדות כריתת שקדים ניתוח חוזר עקב דימום קיבל עירוי

דימום לאחר עקירת שן באופן שחייב הסתכלות נוספת ותפרים

צ עבר ללא כל דימום"תיקון הרנייה מפשעתית דו

ללא הסטוריה של דמם–משפחה

. בירור המטולוגי לקראת ניתוח כריתת ערמונית<

• Abnormal bleeding symptoms ?

• Bleeding type ?

• Congenital or acquired ?

• Disease causing bleeding ?

• Drug cause of bleeding ?

TT – 14s

PT – 12s

Page 34: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

PT PTT

PT↑ & PTT ↑

TT

Page 35: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

TFFVIIa

XXa IXaIXVIIIa

Va

FIIaFII Fibrinogen

Fibrin

פיסיולוגיה של מערכת קרישת הדם

XIaXI

Page 36: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

TFFVIIa

XXaVa

FIIaFII Fibrinogen

Fibrin

פיסיולוגיה של מערכת קרישת הדם

המופיליה XIaXI

Page 37: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

PTT – 80s• Abnormal bleeding symptoms ?

• Bleeding type ?

• Congenital or acquired ?

• Disease causing bleeding ?

• Drug cause of bleeding ?

FVIII – 1%

שנים3בן

2 לברך ולמרפק תוך חודש ימים ללא חבלה–דימומים

על הזרוע והירך" סימן כחול"פעמיים

מדממים מאד"סבא של הילד ודוד של אמא -משפחה."

Page 38: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Hemophilia

♦ Hemophilia A - FVIII

♦ The term Hemophilia was first used in 1828

♦ Hemophilia B - FIX

In 1952 was named after Stephen Christmas “Christmas disease”

Page 39: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

♦ Hemophilia A (FVIII) 1:5,000 male births

♦ Hemophilia B (FIX) 1:25,000 male births

Severity (According to Factor level)

Severe < 1% - Moderate 2 - 5% - Mild 6 - 30%

Incidence

Hemophilia

Page 40: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

בן בריא

גן תקיןמוטציה להמופיליה

אמא אבא

בן בריא נשאית נשאית

X X XY

Y

X

Y

X X X X X

תורשה-המופיליה

8

Obligatory carrier

Page 41: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

בן חולה

גן תקיןמוטציה להמופיליה

אמא אבא

בן בריא בת נשאית לא נשאית

X X XY

Y

X

Y

X X X X X

8 8

50%

תורשה-המופיליה

Page 42: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

3 2

22

Male

Female Carrier

HA/B FVIII – 1%

Page 43: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Aהבסיס המולקולרי של המופיליה

Aמכלל מקרי המופיליה 90%–מוטציות נקודתיות

5-10%–מוטציות חסר

Inversions–ותר נדיריםי

Inversion40%-מהווה סיבה למחלה ב22באינטרון

קשהAמהמקרים של המופיליה

Page 44: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

CentromereTelomere

Factor VIII

186kb

Page 45: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

A2

A11 22

2

3

2

6

A3

1 22 2

3

2

6

A1A2A3

FVIII

A2 A3

1 22 2

3

2

6

A1

A2 2

3

2

6

A3A1 122

Inversion Type 1

Page 47: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Recurrent joint bleed

Target joint

Page 48: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed
Page 49: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed
Page 50: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Hemophilia

Ancient disease - new treatments

1975 2019

Page 51: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

TFFVIIa

XXaVa

פיסיולוגיה של מערכת קרישת הדם

FIIaFII

Fibrinogen

FVIII / FIX

Page 52: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Replacement of F8 / F9 protein

Hemophilia - treatment

1840 1950 1960 1970 1984 1990

Recombinant

products

Cloning of

FVIII geneLow-purity

FVIII

concentrate

1980

High purity

FVIII

concentrate

Page 53: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Treatment of Hemophilia

Factor VIII/IX Concentrate

♦ Plasma derived

♦ Recombinant

Page 54: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Treatment of HemophiliaProphylaxis

T1/2 ~ 8-12 hours

72h48h24h0hT1/2

01.512.5100%8

1.56.2525100%12

Page 55: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

♦ Long-Acting factors

Treatment of Hemophilia

Replacement of F8 / F9 protein

Page 56: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Long-acting FVIII / FIX concentrateExtended-half life (EHL) concentrates

FVIII / IX - Fc

FIX - Albumin

FVIII / IX - PEG

Page 57: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Long-acting FVIII

Blood 2013

T1/2 rFVIIIFc - 19.0 h (1.5 fold, P<.001)

T1/2 rFVIII - 12.4 h

Page 58: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Long-acting FVIIIExtended-half life (EHL) concentrates

Page 59: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

1.6 1.773.6 3.57

33.6

25

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

rFVIII-Fc rFVIII-PEG

Every 3-5d Once a week On-demand

Long-acting FVIII / FIX concentrateExtended-half life (EHL) concentrates

1 Blood 2013, 2T&H 2017 2Hemophilia 2019

Annualized bleeding rate (ABR)

Page 60: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Replacement of F8 / F9 protein

Hemophilia - treatment

1840 1950 1960 1970 1984 1990

rFVIII / FIX

products

Cloning of

FVIII geneLow-purity

FVIII

concentrate

1980

High purity

FVIII

concentrate

2010

EHL

products

Page 61: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Hemophilia treatment state of the art

Hemophilia A Hemophilia B

25 - 30% 1 - 5%

Page 62: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Hemophilia treatment state of the art

Immune tolerance induction

Inhibitors

Low dose: 25u/kg every other day

Intermediate dose: 50 / 100u/kg every other day

High dose: 200 / 300u/kg every other day

Page 63: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

TFFVIIa

XXaVa

FIIaFII Fibrinogen

Fibrin

FVIIa

(Novo Seven)

Treatment of bleeding episodesInhibitors -

Hemophilia treatment state of the art

Page 64: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

0 µg/mL 4.9 µg/mL 9.8 µg/mLrVIIa:

He et al. 2003

Page 65: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

TFFVIIa

XXaVa

FIIaFII Fibrinogen

FibrinFIEBA- Xa

Treatment of bleeding episodesInhibitors -

Hemophilia treatment state of the art

FIEBA- IIa

FIEBA- IXa

FIEBA- FVIIa

Page 66: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Replacement Therapy

Treatment of Hemophilia

Antibodies

Page 67: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Treatment of Hemophilia

Antibodies

Page 68: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Treatment of Hemophilia

Bi-specific Ab

Page 69: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

A bi-specific Antibody to factors IXa and X restores

FVIII hemostatic activity in a hemophilia A model

Nature medicine Oct 2012

Takehisa Kitazawa (n= 32) Kunihiro hattori

https://www.chugai-

pharm.co.jp/english/profile/ad/index.html

Emicizumab

Page 70: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Once weekly S.C Injection

NEJM Jul 2017

Page 71: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

1.6 1.773.6 3.57 2.9

33.6

2523

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

rFVIII-Fc rFVIII - PEG Emicizumab

Every 3-5d Once a week On-demand

Treatment of Hemophilia

1 Blood 2013, 2T&H 2017 2Hemophilia 2019, 4NEJM 2017

Page 72: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Treatment of Hemophilia Emicizumab - no Inhibitors

NEJM 2018

Page 73: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Treatment of Hemophilia Emicizumab - no Inhibitors

NEJM 2018

Page 74: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Treatment of Hemophilia

Emicizumab

NEJM 2018

Page 75: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Emicizumab – HA with inhibitor

ROTEM - NATEM

- Emicizumab + Emicizumab

Sheba Medical Center

Page 76: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Emicizumab – HA with inhibitor

Livnat T . Sheba Medical Center

P = 0 . 0 1 7

Co

ntro

l

Be

fo

re

2 w

ee

ks

5 w

ee

ks

0

1 0 0

2 0 0

3 0 0

4 0 0

Pe

ak

h

ei

gh

t,

n

M

P < 0 . 0 0 1

P = 0 . 4 0 9

P a t i e n t s

* * *

* * *

* *

P = 0 . 0 4 2

Co

ntro

l

Be

fo

re

2 w

ee

ks

5 w

ee

ks

0

5 0 0

1 0 0 0

1 5 0 0

2 0 0 0

2 5 0 0

ET

P,

n

M

mi

n

P < 0 . 0 0 1

P = 0 . 2 2 1

P a t i e n t s

* * *

* * *

* *

Page 77: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Treatment of Hemophilia

Emicizumab

Loading dose: 3mg/kg/week

Maintenance dose: 1.5mg/kg/week

Page 78: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Cure Hemophilia

Gene Therapy

Page 80: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Cure Hemophilia

Gene Therapy – Hemophilia B

NEJM 2011

♦ Six men with severe hemophilia B (FIX <1% )

♦ Infusion of 2×1011 vg / Kg

♦ Infusion of 6×1011 vg / Kg

♦ Infusion of 2×1012 vg / Kg

AAV serotype 8

Page 81: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

NEJM 2014

The 6 + 4 subjects (6 pt. in the high-dose 10^12 group)

■ Severe hemophilia < 1%

■ Moderate – mild hemophilia

Cure Hemophilia

Gene Therapy – Hemophilia B

In the high-dose group

Steady-state FIX plasma level of 5.1±1.7%

Follow-up for a median 3.2 years

Page 82: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

NEJM 2017

Cure Hemophilia

Gene Therapy – Hemophilia A

♦ 6×1012 vg / Kg

♦ 2×1013 vg / Kg

♦ 6×1013 vg / Kg

Total of 9 patients

Page 83: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Cure Hemophilia

Gene Therapy – Hemophilia A

Annualized Bleeding rate

0

Page 84: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Cure Hemophilia

Gene Therapy – Hemophilia A

A 3years update for the higher dose 6x10^13 vg/kg

Factor VIII levels appeared to be approaching a plateau:

After 2y mean 36.4 IU/dL and median 26.2 IU/dL

After 3y mean 32.7 IU/dL and median 19.9 IU/dl.

Bleeding: median ABR was 0 (mean - 0.7).

6x10^13 vg/kg Year 1 Year 2 Year 3

Mean (Median) FVIII activity

(IU/dL) Chromogenic Assay64.3 (60.3) 36.4 (26.2) 32.7 (19.9)

Mean (Median) F VIII Activity

(IU/dL)

One-Stage Assay

103.8 (88.6) 59.0 (45.7) 52.3 (29.8)

Page 85: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Cure Hemophilia

Gene Therapy – Hemophilia A

A 3years update for the higher dose 6x10^13 vg/kg

6x10^13

vg/kg Before During Year 1 During Year 2 During Year 3

Median

(mean, SD)

Median

(mean, SD)

Median

(mean, SD)

Median

(mean, SD)

Annualized Bleeding

Rate

16.5

(16.3 ,15.7)

0.0

(0.9 ,2.2)

0.0

(0.2 ,0.4)

0.0

(0.7 ,1.6)

Annualized FVIII

Infusions

138.5

(136.7 ,22.4)

0.0

(2.1 ,5.3)

0.0

(8.8 ,21.0)

0.0

(5.5 ,9.4)

Page 87: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

ממוצא אשכנזי72בן

דםבילדות כריתת שקדים ניתוח חוזר עקב דימום קיבל עירוי

דימום לאחר עקירת שן באופן שחייב הסתכלות נוספת ותפרים

צ עבר ללא כל דימום"תיקון הרנייה מפשעתית דו

ללא הסטוריה של דמם–משפחה

. בירור המטולוגי לקראת ניתוח כריתת ערמונית<

• Abnormal bleeding symptoms ?

• Bleeding type ?

• Congenital or acquired ?

• Disease causing bleeding ?

• Drug cause of bleeding ?

PTT – 80s

FXI – 1%

Page 88: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

FXI deficiency (Hemophilia C)

Described in three members of Jewish family in the USA

Laboratory defect was corrected by mixing with HA and HB plasmas.

Bleeding phenotype in both men and women

Mild bleeding phenotype - tonsillectomy and dental extractions in

two sisters. Their uncle bled after dental extractions but had a

normal circumcision.

Rosenthal R et al, Blood. 1955.

Page 89: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Ramot B, Angelopoulos B, Athens, Singer K, 1955

“ Clinically, this disorder manifests itself as a tendency to severe

bleeding following surgical procedures but not leading to

spontaneous hemorrhages”.

A new hemophilia like disease caused by deficiency of

a third plasma thromboplastin factor.

Rosenthal et al, Blood 1955

1927 - 2006

FXI deficiency

Page 90: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

♦ High gene frequency of FXI in Ashkenazi Jews

♦ The frequency of heterozygotes is 5.5%-11%

Seligsohn Blood 1978

♦ Frequency of Homozygous is 0.1%-0.3 %

♦ Severe deficiency 1:400

FXI deficiency

Page 91: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

FXI deficiency

■ Severe factor XI deficiency ► <15%

■ Hemophilia C is an injury-related bleeding

■ The deficiency is common in Ashkenazi and Iraqi Jews

■Ashkenazi Jews have 2 common mutations:

Type II Nonsense mutation Glu117Stop

Type III missense mutation Phe283Leu

■ Iraqi Jews have only type II mutation

Page 92: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

FXI deficiency

■ Type II/II homozygous have factor XI activity 1-2 U/dL

■ Type II/III have factor XI activity ~6 U/dL

■ Type III/III homozygous have factor XI activity 8-10 U/dL

Ashkenazi Jews –

• Carrier 1:10

• Severe deficiency 1:400

Page 93: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

FXI deficiency

To reduce fibrinolysis by promoting thrombin activatable

fibrinolytic inhibitor (TAFI).

Greater amounts of thrombin are required for this reaction

The intrinsic pathway feedback via FXI is important for this.

FXI-deficient individuals are prone to excessive bleeding after surgery

or injuries to areas with high levels of fibrinolysis.

Page 94: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Bleeding following surgical procedures

Hemophilia 2006

Fibrinolytic sites – 62.5%

Non Fibrinolytic sites – 9.6%

Page 95: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

FXI deficiency

Surgical procedures in fibrinolytic tissues

Tonsilectomy, Nose & throat, complicated dental procedures, prostatectomy

■ Replacement therapy: FFP 10-15 ml/kg/d + TA (1gm x3-4/d)

■ Factor 11 concentrate (not available in Israel)

■ TA is sufficient for minor surgical procedures (Tooth extractions)

Page 96: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Inhibitor

7

Genotype II/II

21

Genotype II/III

27

Genotype III/III

14

Other types

4

Transfused

64

Non-transfused

54

Unknown

4

Patients

122

Blood 2003

FXI deficiency

Page 97: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

T&H 2009

FXI deficiency

Page 98: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

לפני גיוס ללא מחלות רקע18בת

בוסת" כבד"דימום .

"עם וללא חבלה" סמנים כחולים

פעמים בשנה ודימום מחניכיים5-6אפיסטקסיס.

לא -תרופות

אין -סיפור משפחתי של דמם

PTT – 56s

CBC: Hb 9, MCV 72, RDW 19%, PLT 280

• Abnormal bleeding symptoms ?

• Bleeding type ?

• Congenital ?

• Disease ?

• Drug ?

Page 99: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

4בן ■

פעמיים דימום למפרק הברך, מילדות דימום מריריות■

אין –סיפור משפחתי של דמם ■PTT – 62s

• Abnormal bleeding symptoms ?

• Bleeding type ?

• Congenital ?

• Disease ?

• Drug ?

Page 100: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

4מקרה ■

vWF:Ag 4%, vWF:Rco <5%

FVIII – 5%FXI – 72% FIX – 83%

3מקרה ■

FVIII – 40%FXI – 72%

vWFAg 35% , vWF:Rco 30%

FIX – 83%

Page 101: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Von-Willebrand factor

Page 102: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Von-Willebrand factor

NEJM 2016

Page 103: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Von-Willebrand factor

Page 104: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Von-Willebrand factor

Page 105: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Von-Willebrand factorA carrier of factor 8

Page 106: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Von Willebrand E.A.

HEREDITAR PSEUDO-HAMOFILI

Finska Laeksaellsk Handl 68:87-112, 1926

Von-Willebrand disease

Page 107: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Most common inherited bleeding disorder (0.6-1.3%)

► Defect in platelet adhesion / aggregation primary hemoestasis

► Secondary hemoestasis due to low levels of FVIII.

Type I (70-80%): reduced level of normally function vWF

Type II (15-20%): Impaired function

Type III (~5%): Severe deficiency of vWF

Von-Willebrand disease

Page 108: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Blood

group

N vWF:Ag

mean %

Range ± 2SD

O 456 74.6 35.6-157

A 340 105.9 48-233.9

B 196 116.9 56.8-241

AB 109 123.3 63.8-238.2

vWF Levels

Blood 1987

Page 109: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

vWF Levels

50<10 40 60

vWF levels

Normal

VWD

O

Page 110: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Conditions associated with higher VWF levels

Age

Acute and chronic inflammation

Diabetes

Malignancy

Pregnancy or oral contraceptive use

Stress; exercise

Hyperthyroidism

Conditions associated with reduced VWF levels

Hypothyroidism

Blood type O

Blood 1999

Page 111: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Von-Willebrand disease

Type Definition Genetics

Type I Partial quantitative •Dominant

•Diverse phenotype

Type II

2A Absence of large multimers •Dominant

2M Decreased platelet dependent

function w/ large multimer

•Dominant

2B Increased vWF affinity for GPIb •Dominant

2N Decreased vWF affinity for FVIII •Recessive

Type III Complete deficiency of vWF •Recessive

Page 112: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

vWF

Platelet GPIb

Type 2N

Type 2B

Type 2 Variants - Qualitative abnormality

Type 2M

Factor VIII

15% - 20% of patients

vWF

Type 2A

Page 113: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Type 2 Variants - Qualitative abnormality

Hoffman- Hematology Basic Principles and Practice,2009

Page 114: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Type 2 Variants - Qualitative abnormality

• Fixed platelets (Formalin)

• Ristocetin

• Patient plasma

Page 115: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Colman RW, et al: Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Principles and Clinical Practice, Williams and Wilkins, 2001

Type 2 Variants - Qualitative abnormality

Page 116: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Von-Willebrand disease

Type FVIII vWF Ag vWF:RCo

Normal 100% 100% 100%

Hem A Low <1% 100% 100%

Type I Low Low LowvWF:R / vWFAg > 0.6

Type III ~5% ~5% Low <10%

Type 2A Low - Normal Low - Normal LowvWF:R / vWFAg < 0.6

Type 2M Low - Normal Low - Normal LowvWF:R / vWFAg < 0.6

Type 2B Low - Normal Low - Normal LowvWF:R / vWFAg < 0.6

Type 2N Low 10 - 20% Low - Normal Low - Normal

Page 117: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

♦ Tranexamic acid (Hexakapron) - In all vWD types

♦ vWF concentrate - Type II & III

Von-Willebrand disease treatment

♦ Desmopressin (DDAVP IV - 0.3µg/kg)

Low levels vWF and Type I

For some cases of Type II

Page 118: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

77בת ♦

ספיקת לב -מתאשפז במחלקה של החמרה באי♦

אין הסטוריה משפחתית של נטייה לדמם♦

אספירין♦

• Abnormal bleeding symptoms ?

• Bleeding type ?

• Congenital or acquired ?

• Disease causing bleeding ?

• Drug cause of bleeding ? PTT >150s

PT - 14s

INR – 1.3

Fibrinogen - 324mg

Page 119: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

שארית של הפרין במבחנה ♦

יש לחזור עליה-כאשר בדיקה לא מתאימה לנתונים הרפואיים ♦

Page 120: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

מאושפז בטיפול נמרץ לב בשל 67בןVT עם רגל איסכמית

ל מושתל "אס, מחלת לב אסכמית מספר צינתורים וניתוחי מעקפיםICD

פקקת ביד משנית לפיקליין

צינתורים קודמים/אין הסטוריה של דמם ולא היה דימום חריג בניתוח

PTT - 150s

FXII <1%• Abnormal bleeding symptoms ?

• Bleeding type ?

• Congenital ?

• Disease ?

• Drug ?

Page 121: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

PTT – 100s

ממוצא עירקי 43בן

מאושפז בנוירולוגיה באבחנה שלAutoimmune cerebelitis

פרזיס-עובר טיפול פלסמה

לקראת בדיקתLP נלקחו בדיקות קרישה

PTT on admission - 32s• Abnormal bleeding symptoms ?

• Bleeding type ?

• Congenital ?

• Disease ?

• Drug ?

Page 122: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

עם יתר לחץ דם69בן ♦

מתאשפז במחלקה עקב דימומים ואנמיה ♦

אין הסטוריה משפחתית של נטייה לדמם♦

• Abnormal bleeding symptoms ?

• Bleeding type ?

• Congenital ?

• Disease ?

• Drug ?

• PTT – 84s

• PT - 14s, INR – 1.2

• Fibrinogen – 350mg/dl

• Hb - 9 gr%

• PLT – 312,000

• Platelet function - Normal

Page 123: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

2+נ, 37בת .

לאחר לידה שלישית המטומות על היד רגל דופן בטן ומנדיבולה מימין'שב7-כ .

.שוללת דימום מריריות. אין קשר לחבלות

מיילדותית#

6הפלה ספונטנית בשבוע -2014הריון ראשון -

. צוואר פעור בוצע תפר23בשבוע . בהריון השני דימומים מתחילתו-

.גר ששרד641לידה מוקדמת של עובר במשקל 25בשבוע

. צירים34בשבוע . תפר צווארי מניעתי2016הריון שלישי -

. 'גר1899נולד פג במשקל . חשד לאמניוניטיס

ניתוח אף אלקטיבי .

אסתמה, דלקות גרון, ברונכיטיס, בילדות סינוסיטיס

מוצא אשכנזי אין נטייה לדמם –משפחה

• Abnormal bleeding symptoms ?

• Bleeding type ?

• Congenital ?

• Disease ?

• Drug ?

Page 124: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed
Page 125: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed
Page 126: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

PTT – 94s

Page 127: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed
Page 128: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

PTT – 94s

Inhibitor = 20BU

Bethesda UniteThe amount of inhibitor that will

inactivate half of FVIII activity

FVIII < 1%

PTT – 84s

Inhibitor = 8BU

FVIII - 12%

Page 129: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Pati

ents

(%

)

Age of onset (years)

Incidence ~ 1/106/y

Age of onset

Mean ~ 65 y

Range ~ 2 to 90 y

Bimodal distribution

Young adults, F > M

Older patients, M > F

Morrison AE, et al. Blood. 1993;81:1513-1520.

0

10

20

30

40

Page 130: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Idiopathic ~50%

Auto-Immune Disorders ~ 14%

Malignancy ~ 11.5%

Pregnancy ~ 10%

MGUS ~ 7.8%

Drug Induced (penicillin, sulfonamides , phenytoin…) ~3.3%

Blood 2012

Inhibitor may be first

manifestation of malignancy or

autoimmune disorder

Page 131: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Sites of bleeding in patients with acquired haemophilia

In 8% bleeding was the primary cause of death.

Peter W. Collins et al. Blood 2007

Page 132: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

* Spontaneously remission possible if the inhibitor is low titers < 5BU

Treatment

Stop bleeding

Inhibitor eradication

Page 133: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

TFFVIIa

XXaVa

FIIaFII Fibrinogen

Fibrin

FVIIa

(Novo Seven)

Treatment of bleeding episodesInhibitors -

Hemophilia treatment state of the art

Page 134: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

TFFVIIa

XXaVa

FIIaFII Fibrinogen

FibrinFIEBA- Xa

Treatment of bleeding episodesInhibitors -

Hemophilia treatment state of the art

FIEBA- IIa

FIEBA- IXa

FIEBA- FVIIa

Page 135: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

TFFVIIa

XXa IXaIXVa

FIIaFII Fibrinogen

Fibrin

פיסיולוגיה של מערכת קרישת הדם

Porcine FVIII

Page 136: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Journal of Immunology Research 2014

FVIII concentrate (if inhibitor < 5BU)

Page 137: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Neutralizations studies

Page 138: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Treatment

Stop bleeding

Inhibitor eradication

Steroids Steroids + Cyclophosphamide

First line treatment

Rituximab

Second line treatment

Alternative treatments

Azathioprine Vincristine Mycophenolate Cyclosporine

Immune globulin are not recommended

Page 139: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Rituximab 200mg times 4 one a week

Page 140: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

בריאה ממוצא אשכנזי 22בת ♦

מגיע לחדר מיון גניקולוגי עקב דימום וגינלי♦

4-5האבחנה הפלה בשבוע ♦

• Abnormal bleeding symptoms ?

• Bleeding type ?

• Congenital ?

• Disease ?

• Drug ?

PTT – 74s

אין הסטוריה משפחתית של דמם ♦

PT - 13s, INR – 0.97

Fibrinogen – 234mg%

Factor XI – 26%

Factor VIII - 135%

Factor IX - 36%

vWF - 98%

Lupus anticoagulant

RVVT ratio -3.2, SCT ratio - 2.8

Page 141: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

aPTT PT- N PLT - N

Bleeding

Deficiency contact factors

Lupus anticoagulant

Heparin

Severe factor XI deficiency

Mild to moderate HA/HB

Mild vWD

Unprovoked

Severe hemophilia A & B

Severe vWD

Acquired inhibitors

No Bleeding

Trauma related

Page 142: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

משפחה מרוקאית 54בן

דיסליפדמיה ללא נטייה לדמם בעבר, ד"יל: ברקע

מתאשפז עקב כאבים בחזה נקבע כי יעבור צנתור לב

• PT – 26% , INR – 2.48

• PTT - 30s, Fibrinogen - 350mg/dl

● Hb – 12.8 gr%, PLT – 285K

● LFT’s – N

FVII – 4%

• Abnormal bleeding symptoms ?

• Bleeding type ?

• Congenital ?

• Disease ?

• Drug ?

Page 143: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Poor correlation between FVII activity and bleeding

tendency.

Severe bleeding occur most often with FVII activity <2%.

Hemostasis can be achieved with FVII >15% of normal.

Page 144: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

rFVII the recommended dose is 15-30µg/kg every 4-6h

Fresh Frozen Plasma

FVII concentrate

Page 145: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

PT PTT- N PLT - N

Bleeding

FVII deficiency

Warfarin

Liver disease

Vitamin K deficiency

No Bleeding

FVII deficiency

Warfarin

Liver disease

* Liver disease – Prolonged PTT, low platelet count

Page 146: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

2הורים בני דודים מדרגה . מוצא אירני43בן .

שינייםאחרי טיפולי דמם

בילדותואפיסטקסיס.

חבלהבעיקר לאחר עוריות אכימוזות .

שבועיים לאחר הכריתה דימום מסיבי . עם כריתת פוליפקולונסקופיה(Hb5%)

• PT – 58% , INR – 1.41, PTT - 42s

• Fibrinogen - 350mg/dl

● Hb – 12.8 gr%, PLT – 285K

• Abnormal bleeding symptoms ?

• Bleeding type ?

• Congenital ?

• Disease ?

• Drug ?

בעיית דמם"אחות עם "

Page 147: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

PT PTT

PT , PTT

• PT – 58% , INR – 1.41, PTT - 42s

• Factor V - 10% , FVIII - 28%

Page 148: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Combined FV+FVIII deficiency

Autosomal recessive

Jews from the middle east origin

Factor levels 5-30% LMAN1 or ERGIC-53

Page 149: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Bleeding

Hypofibrinogenemia

Mild factors deficiencies

Liver disease

No Bleeding

Afibrinogenemia

Vit K dependent factors deficiency

FII or FV auto-ab’s

Combined FV & FVIII (congenital)

Liver disease

PT PTT PLT N

Page 150: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

PT PTT PLT ↓

Bleeding or not

Liver disease

Lupus anticoagulant

Disseminated intravascular coagulation - DIC

Page 151: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

בריאה, 18בת ■

מטרורגיות-מטרת הביקור הפנייה מגניקולוג בשל מנורגיות ■

. חניכיים, אפיסטקסיס-מילדות דימום מריריות ■

לא נוטלת-תרופות ■

אחים גדולים ממנה בריאים2-סיפור משפחתי ■

. בת דודה שאומרים שיש לה בעייה בוסת

PT - 87%, PTT – 25s

Fibrinogen – 350mg/dl TT – 17s

Hb – 9.8 gr%, MCV – 74, MCH – 20

PLT – 213,000

• Abnormal bleeding symptoms ?

• Bleeding type ?

• Congenital ?

• Disease ?

• Drug ?

Page 152: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

ADP Collagen Epinephrin Ristocetin

Platelet aggregation

Shape

changeAggregation

Photo

detectorPlatelet Rich Plasma

Page 153: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Platelet aggregation

Ristocetin

Collagen

ADP

Epinephrine

Page 154: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

ADP Collagen Arachidonate Ristocetin

Glanzmann

Thrombastenia

Bernard-soulier

Syndrum

Normal

Platelet aggregation

Page 155: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Glanzmann Thrombasthenia

◘ Severe bleeding disorder

◘ Pattern of inheritance: Autosomal recessive

◘ Loss of platelet aggregation

◘Absent or dysfunction of the fibrinogen receptor

(GPIIb/IIIa; Integrin aIIb/b3, CD41 / CD61)

Page 156: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Diagnosis:

• Normal platelet count and morphology

• Defective platelet aggregation in response

to all physiologic agonists but normal with ristocetin

• Defective clot retraction

• Prolonged bleeding time

Glanzmann Thrombasthenia

Page 157: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Symptoms:

Bleeding from mucous membranes and sub-coetaneous tissues

Symptoms begin in early childhood:

Purpura, epistaxis, gingival bleeding

bleeding after tooth extraction, menorrhagia

Glanzmann Thrombasthenia

Page 158: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Thrombasthenia in Israel (2009)

ArabsIraqi-Jews

3444Patients

1832Families

00Aggregation with

ADP

00α2β complex

FACS

TracesTracesα2β Immuneblot

Page 159: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Preventive measures:

♦ Dental hygien, contraceptive pills

♦ Iron and folate supplementation

Glanzmann Thrombasthenia - Treatment

♦Anti-fibrinolytic agents (TA- Hexakapron 0.5-1gm 3-4/d))

or mouth wash

♦ Desmopressin (DDAVP)

♦ Topical agents

♦ rFVIIa

Page 160: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Platelets

Glanzmann Thrombasthenia - Treatment

♦Allo-immunization

Page 161: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Glanzmann Thrombasthenia

Page 162: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

ממוצא ערבי17בת .

אשפוז נוסף בגלל דימום תוך בטני. בילדות דימום תוך מוחי.

לא מדממים, שני ההורים קרובי משפחה: סיפור משפחתי .

אח ואחות עם דימומים דומים-אחים 6במשפחה.

PT - 87%, PTT – 25s

Fibrinogen - 350mg/dl, TT - 16s

FXIII < 5%

• Abnormal bleeding symptoms ?

• Bleeding type ?

• Congenital ?

• Disease ?

• Drug ?

Page 163: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed
Page 164: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

Autosomal recessive disorder

Prevalence: 1:1,000,000

Severe life-long bleeding: bleeding from the stump of umbilical cord, intracranial, intra-abdominal, hemarthrosis, delayed bleeding

Homozygous females suffer recurrent abortions

Delayed wound repair

Page 165: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

FXIII concentrate

Dose 10 -20 u/ kg /month

Page 166: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

PT -N PTT- N PLT - N

Bleeding

Factor XIII deficiency

Hyperfibrinolysis (α2-AP deff.)

Platelet disorders (GT)

Page 167: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

תודה

[email protected]

Page 168: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed
Page 169: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

PTT – 80s

• Abnormal bleeding symptoms ?

• Bleeding type ?

• Congenital or acquired ?

• Disease causing bleeding ?

• Drug cause of bleeding ?

TT – 13s

שנים3בן

2 לברך ולמרפק תוך חודש ימים ללא חבלה–דימומים

על הזרוע והירך" סימן כחול"פעמיים

מדממים מאד"סבא של הילד ודוד של אמא -משפחה."

Page 170: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

PTT – 80s

ממוצא אשכנזי72בן

דםבילדות כריתת שקדים ניתוח חוזר עקב דימום קיבל עירוי

דימום לאחר עקירת שן באופן שחייב הסתכלות נוספת ותפרים

צ עבר ללא כל דימום"תיקון הרנייה מפשעתית דו

ללא הסטוריה של דמם–משפחה

. בירור המטולוגי לקראת ניתוח כריתת ערמונית<

• Abnormal bleeding symptoms ?

• Bleeding type ?

• Congenital or acquired ?

• Disease causing bleeding ?

• Drug cause of bleeding ? TT – 15s

Page 171: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

לפני גיוס ללא מחלות רקע18בת

בוסת" כבד"דימום .

"עם וללא חבלה" סמנים כחולים

פעמים בשנה ודימום מחניכיים5-6אפיסטקסיס.

לא -תרופות

אין -סיפור משפחתי של דמם

PTT – 56s

CBC: Hb 9, MCV 72, RDW 19%, PLT 280

• Abnormal bleeding symptoms ?

• Bleeding type ?

• Congenital ?

• Disease ?

• Drug ?

Page 172: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

4בן ■

פעמיים דימום למפרק הברך, מילדות דימום מריריות■

אין –סיפור משפחתי של דמם ■PTT – 62s

• Abnormal bleeding symptoms ?

• Bleeding type ?

• Congenital ?

• Disease ?

• Drug ?

Page 173: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

77בת ♦

ספיקת לב -מתאשפז במחלקה של החמרה באי♦

אין הסטוריה משפחתית של נטייה לדמם♦

אספירין♦

• Abnormal bleeding symptoms ?

• Bleeding type ?

• Congenital or acquired ?

• Disease causing bleeding ?

• Drug cause of bleeding ? PTT >150s

PT - 14s

INR – 1.3

Fibrinogen - 324mg

Page 174: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

מאושפז בטיפול נמרץ לב בשל 67בןVT עם רגל איסכמית

ל מושתל "אס, מחלת לב אסכמית מספר צינתורים וניתוחי מעקפיםICD

פקקת ביד משנית לפיקליין

צינתורים קודמים/אין הסטוריה של דמם ולא היה דימום חריג בניתוח

PTT - 150s

• Abnormal bleeding symptoms ?

• Bleeding type ?

• Congenital ?

• Disease ?

• Drug ?

Page 175: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

PTT – 100s

ממוצא עירקי 43בן

מאושפז בנוירולוגיה באבחנה שלAutoimmune cerebelitis

פרזיס-עובר טיפול פלסמה

לקראת בדיקתLP נלקחו בדיקות קרישה

PTT on admission - 32s• Abnormal bleeding symptoms ?

• Bleeding type ?

• Congenital ?

• Disease ?

• Drug ?

Page 176: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

עם יתר לחץ דם69בן ♦

מתאשפז במחלקה עקב דימומים ואנמיה ♦

אין הסטוריה משפחתית של נטייה לדמם♦

• Abnormal bleeding symptoms ?

• Bleeding type ?

• Congenital ?

• Disease ?

• Drug ?

• PTT – 84s

• PT - 14s, INR – 1.2

• Fibrinogen – 350mg/dl

• Hb - 9 gr%

• PLT – 312,000

• Platelet function - Normal

Page 177: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

2+נ, 37בת .

לאחר לידה שלישית המטומות על היד רגל דופן בטן ומנדיבולה מימין'שב7-כ .

.שוללת דימום מריריות. אין קשר לחבלות

מיילדותית#

6הפלה ספונטנית בשבוע -2014הריון ראשון -

. צוואר פעור בוצע תפר23בשבוע . בהריון השני דימומים מתחילתו-

.גר ששרד641לידה מוקדמת של עובר במשקל 25בשבוע

. צירים34בשבוע . תפר צווארי מניעתי2016הריון שלישי -

. 'גר1899נולד פג במשקל . חשד לאמניוניטיס

ניתוח אף אלקטיבי .

אסתמה, דלקות גרון, ברונכיטיס, בילדות סינוסיטיס

מוצא אשכנזי אין נטייה לדמם –משפחה

• Abnormal bleeding symptoms ?

• Bleeding type ?

• Congenital ?

• Disease ?

• Drug ?

Page 178: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

PTT – 94s

Page 179: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

בריאה ממוצא אשכנזי 22בת ♦

מגיע לחדר מיון גניקולוגי עקב דימום וגינלי♦

4-5האבחנה הפלה בשבוע ♦

• Abnormal bleeding symptoms ?

• Bleeding type ?

• Congenital ?

• Disease ?

• Drug ?

PTT – 74s

אין הסטוריה משפחתית של דמם ♦

PT - 13s, INR – 0.97

Fibrinogen – 234mg%

Factor XI – 26%

Factor VIII - 135%

Factor IX - 36%

vWF - 98%

Page 180: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

54בן

דיסליפדמיה ללא נטייה לדמם בעבר, ד"יל: ברקע

מתאשפז עקב כאבים בחזה נקבע כי יעבור צנתור לב

• PT – 26% , INR – 2.48

• PTT - 30s, Fibrinogen - 350mg/dl

● Hb – 12.8 gr%, PLT – 285K

● LFT’s – N

FVII – 4%

• Abnormal bleeding symptoms ?

• Bleeding type ?

• Congenital ?

• Disease ?

• Drug ?

Page 181: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

2הורים בני דודים מדרגה . מוצא אירני43בן .

שינייםאחרי טיפולי דמם

בילדותואפיסטקסיס.

חבלהבעיקר לאחר עוריות אכימוזות .

שבועיים לאחר הכריתה דימום מסיבי . עם כריתת פוליפקולונסקופיה(Hb5%)

• PT – 58% , INR – 1.41, PTT - 42s

• Fibrinogen - 350mg/dl

● Hb – 12.8 gr%, PLT – 285K

• Abnormal bleeding symptoms ?

• Bleeding type ?

• Congenital ?

• Disease ?

• Drug ?

Page 182: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

בריאה, 18בת ■

מטרורגיות-מטרת הביקור הפנייה מגניקולוג בשל מנורגיות ■

. חניכיים, אפיסטקסיס-מילדות דימום מריריות ■

לא נוטלת-תרופות ■

אחים גדולים ממנה בריאים2-סיפור משפחתי ■

. בת דודה שאומרים שיש לה בעייה בוסת

PT - 87%, PTT – 25s

Fibrinogen – 350mg/dl TT – 17s

Hb – 9.8 gr%, MCV – 74, MCH – 20

PLT – 213,000

• Abnormal bleeding symptoms ?

• Bleeding type ?

• Congenital ?

• Disease ?

• Drug ?

Page 183: Pediatric Thrombosis and Bleeding- case studies · A2 1 22 A1 2 3 2 6 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A3 A2 A1 FVIII A2 A3 1 22 2 3 2 6 A1 A2 2 3 2 6 A1 22 1 3 Inversion Type 1. Recurrent joint bleed

ממוצא ערבי17בת .

אשפוז נוסף בגלל דימום תוך בטני. בילדות דימום תוך מוחי.

לא מדממים, שני ההורים קרובי משפחה: סיפור משפחתי .

אח ואחות עם דימומים דומים-אחים 6במשפחה.

PT - 87%, PTT – 25s

Fibrinogen - 350mg/dl, TT - 16s

• Abnormal bleeding symptoms ?

• Bleeding type ?

• Congenital ?

• Disease ?

• Drug ?