peer pressure: beyond popular perception€¦ · peer pressure is very direct, in your face. false...
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Peer Pressure: Beyond Popular Perception
Third Annual Childhood Injury SummitSeptember 22, 2011
U of M Extension Educator, Family Relations Colleen Gengler, [email protected]
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Today, we will talk about . . .
• Peer pressure & common perceptions• What it means for different ages• How it fits with injury prevention• Strategies for working with parents & youth • Resources
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Where do you work?
Rural
Suburba
n
Urb
an
0% 0%0%
1. Rural2. Suburban3. Urban
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Which one describes your work?
Public healt
h
Emergen
cy res
p...
Law en
forcemen
... Pediat
ricians
Child
care
Fire sa
fety/f
i... R
ed C
ross
Wate
r safe
ty O
ther
0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0%0%0%0%
1. Public health2. Emergency responders 3. Law enforcement 4. Pediatricians5. Child care6. Fire safety/fighters7. Red Cross8. Water safety9. Other
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Friends are important at every age!
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Peer Influence: 8 -14 years of age • Exists to some degree for all ages• Greater independence• Sharp rise in concern about peer acceptance
in middle childhood• Typical teen characteristics appear earlier• Becomes more important in early
adolescence• Peer pressure peak – about 9th grade
8 14
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Common Perceptions of Peer Pressure
Are they true or false?
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Teens are not all the same in their susceptibility to peer influence.
True
False
0%0%
1. True2. False
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Teens are not all the same in their susceptibility to peer influence.
True• What makes a difference
– Individual characteristics– Gender & age– The situation
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Peer pressure can be both positive and negative.
True
False
0%0%
1. True2. False
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Peer pressure can be both positive and negative.
True
“The real question is not whether adolescents will feel peer pressure, but what kind of pressure they will feel.”
(Steinberg, 2011)
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Peers lead the adolescent astray.
True
False
0%0%
1. True2. False
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Peers lead the adolescent astray. False
• If there is negative peer influence, we need to look at why the teen chose those friends.
• Teens choose friends based on similar interests.
• Younger children select best friends with similar levels of tolerance for risk taking
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Teens are influenced far more by peers than by parents on every issue.
True
False
50%50%1. True2. False
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Teens are influenced far more by peers than by parents on every issue.
False
• Teens are influenced by peers on current pop culture choices.
• Teens are influenced by parents on long-term choices.
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Peer pressure for teens is very direct, in your face.
True
False
50%50%1. True2. False
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Peer pressure is very direct, in your face.
False• Peer pressure occurs in many forms.
– Verbal, non-verbal– Influence will vary by who the source is– Self-induced
“All the guys are going to try it. But….I don’t know. I’m worried I won’t be able to.”
(6th grade boy talking about a skateboard trick)
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Knowledge
Behavior
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Working with Parents• How would parents respond to these
statements?• Do parents blame children’s actions on peer
pressure?• Is there a gap between how parents might
answer (knowledge) and how they will parent their child (behavior)?
• What information do parents need?
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What can you encourageparents to do?
• Share values & standards• Encourage independence & decision making
at home• Talk with children about possible situations• Be a good role model in safety behaviors• Know children’s friends • Build their own confidence
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Working with Youth• Focus on healthy exploration that
facilitates positive youth development • Provide a safe, supervised environment • Provide a support system for youth to fall
back on• Target groups as opposed to individuals• Foster a shared sense of responsibility• Encourage self awareness & problem
solving • Consider other teaching models
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“Stepping Out”• Cross – age teaching• Youth teaching youth • Curriculum;
– Health, nutrition, & physical activity
– 10 lessons
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Cross – age teaching
• Committed adult mentor• High expectations for the teen teachers• Quality training of youth teachers
(Lee, Murdock, & Paterson, 1996)
• Strong curriculum, attention to detail, team building, feedback, evaluation, recognition & reward
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The Big Picture of Childhood Risk-taking
Emotional
Brain Dev. Social
Risk-taking
Cognitive
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Peer Influence & Injury Prevention • Exists to some degree for all ages• Greater independence• Sharp rise in concern about peer acceptance
in middle childhood• Typical teen characteristics appear earlier• Becomes more important in early
adolescence• Peer pressure peak – about 9th grade
8 14
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Resources
• University of Minnesota Extension Online resources: www.extension.umn.edu/family– Teen Talk free fact sheets– Parenting younger children
• Parent Further – Search Institutewww.parentfurther.com/parenting/friends
• Parenting 24/7 – University of Illinois Extensionhttp://parenting247.org
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References:• Dworkin, J. & Gengler, C. (2009 - 2011). Understanding adolescent risk-taking behavior –
research update for professionals online via WebVista. University of Minnesota Extension & Department of Family Social Science.
• Gengler, C. (2006). Take and Teach Lesson: Peers, Peer Pressure and Peer Relationships. St. Paul MN: University of Minnesota Extension Service.
• Kennedy, C., & Floriani, V. (2009). Changes in childhood risk taking and safety behavior after a peer group media intervention. Nursing Research, 58(4), 264-273.
• Kennedy, C., & Floriani, V. (2008). Translating research on healthy lifestyles for children: Meeting the needs of diverse populations. Nursing Clinics of North America, 43, 397-417.
• Morrongiello, B.A., & Schwebel, D. (2008). Gaps in childhood injury research and prevention: What can developmental scientists contribute? Child Development Perspectives, 2(2), 78-84.
• Morrongiello, B.A., Corbett, M., & Bellissimo, A. (2008). "Do as I say, not as I do": Family influences on children's safety behaviors. Health Psychology, 27(4), 498 – 503.
• Morrongiello, B. A., & Lasenby-Lessard, J. (2007). Psychological determinants of risk taking by children: an integrative model and implications for interventions. Injury Prevention, 13, 20-25.
• Morrongiello, B. A., & Sedore, L. (2005). The influence of child attributes and social-situational context on school-age children’s risk taking behaviors that can lead to injury. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 26(3), 347-361.
• Steinberg, L. (2011). You and your adolescent: The essential guide for ages 10-25. New York: Simon & Schuster.
• Steinberg, L. (2007). Risk Taking in Adolescence – New Perspectives From Brain and Behavioral Science. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 16, 55-59.