peloponnesian wars athens vs sparta. review: golden age of athens 5 th century bc golden age of...
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Peloponnesian Wars
Athens vs Sparta
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REVIEW: Golden Age of Athens
• 5th Century BC Golden Age of Athens– Expansion in the arts and science
• Athens - dominates Aegean World• Delian League: city-states loyal to
Athens who in turn provide protection.• Athens required member states to pay
a tribute, equal to $200 million in modern currency – needed for the Parthenon
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Building Power :
•Spartans and her allies created Peloponnesian League
•Those loyal to Athens are
apart of the Delian
League
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Beginning of Trouble
• The member states were not happy
• Many City-States turned to Sparta
• Sparta and Athens become rivals;
both very powerful
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Map
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Athens Vs. Sparta• Eventually went to war against each
other beginning in 431 BC.
• Athens had a monopoly of trade in the
Aegean region.
• This caused strain between Athens
and other city-states.
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•War broke out when Corinth (member of Peloponnesian League) became involved in a conflict with Athens about trade
•Corinthians asked Spartans
and the Peloponnesian League
to go to War
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• They declared war on Athens in 431 BC
• There would be a series of battles
between
the two groups
War Declared !
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Review: Military Strength
• ATHENS:• Pericles, ruler of Athens, based his
strategy on sea power• Had enough money to mount large
attack
• SPARTA:• Great land army; disciplined;
professional soldiers.
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Phase 1Beginning of Battle
• Pericles orders everyone from
surrounding farmlands inside city
walls
• Sparta did not have a good navy, so it
looked like Athens may win. How?
• Athens protected its citizens inside of
its walls.
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Pericles
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Athenian Problems:
• Poor living conditions• Crowded huts• Poor hygiene• Plague broke out
– Vomiting, painful sores, dysentery.
• One-third of Athenians died • Many felt Gods punishing them• Confidence weakened
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The War
•War continued for 10 years.
•There were victories on both
sides.
•In 421 BC, both agree to 50
year truce.
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Broken Promise :
• 415 BC Athens bullies neighbours
(city-states) again...this breaks the
truce (peace)
• Peloponnesian wars resume
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Phase #2
• Athens attacks island of Melos
• Killed many soldiers and sold women
into slavery.
• The attacked at Syracuse
• Expensive attack
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•Naval fleet failed to destroy
the walls around Syracuse.
•Athenian fleet defeated in
Syracuse harbour.
•Forced to surrender.
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Phase 3 Peloponnesians Take
Action:• Spartans formed alliances with Sicily
and Persia
• Sparta blocked supplies from Athens
• Nearly starved Athens
• Ended the fight
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How did it end?
• Athens never recovered• Sparta permanently occupied
Athenian country-side• Silver mines of Athens came under
Spartan control • 20 000 Athenian slave miners
declared loyalty to Sparta
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–Phase I: 431-421 BC–Outcome: signed a peace treaty–Location: Attica (Athens) Peloponnesus (Sparta)
–Phase II: 415-412 BC–Outcome: Athens loses navy, forced to surrender.–Location: major battles on Melos and Syracuse
–Phase III: 412-404 BC–Outcome: Athens was starved out, lost several battles–Location: Athens (walled city state)
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What Happened to Athens?
• By 404 BC no powerful leader
replaced Pericles
• Small rebellions crushed
• Athens slowly defeated
• Forced to tear down walls and reduce
navy
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Conclusions:
• End of Golden Age of Greece
• City did remain important cultural
centre
• Other City-States gained power, but
biggest threat came from Macedonia