pencemaran perairan oleh franggana

8/19/2019 PENCEMARAN PERAIRAN OLEH FRANGGANA

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MAKALAH

PENCEMARAN AIR LAUT OLEH TUMPAHAN MINYAK

DI INDONESIA

OLEH

LALU AGUS FRANGGANA

NIM

2013154243014

FAKULTAS PERIKANAN

UNIVERSITAS 45 MATARAM

2016


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Segala pu ! "ag! Alla# $a%g &a#a &e%ge'a#u! (a% &a#a "! a)*a%a $a%g 'ela# &e&"e+ pe'u% u) aga&a$a%g lu+u* )epa(a #a&"a,N$a (a% #a%$a )epa(a,N$a- Sala.a' *e+'a *ala& *e&/ga 'e+ u+a#)a% )epa(a

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&a)ala# $a%g "e+ u(ul Pencemaran Air Laut Oleh Tumpahan Minya - Me*)!pu% "a%$a) +!%'a%ga%

(a% #a&"a'a% $a%g )a&! ala&! (ala& p+/*e* pe%ge+ aa%%$a 'ap! )a&! "e+#a*!l &e%$ele*a!)a%%$a (e%ga%

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Ta) lupa )a&! &e%gu ap)a% 'e+!&a)a*!# )epa(a p!#a) $a%g 'ela# &e&"a%'u )a&! (ala&

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&e&"e+! )/%'+!"u*! "a!) la%g*u%g &aupu% '!(a) la%g*u%g (ala& pe&"ua'a% &a)ala# !%!-

Se&/ga &a)ala# !%! "e+&a% aaa' "ag! )!'a *e&ua-

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)A) I PENDAHULUAN

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)A) II TIN+AUAN PUSTAKA$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$%

)A) III DATA DAN PEM)AHASAN

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)A) I, KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN

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)A) I

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'e+)e%a 'u&pa#a% &!%$a) $a!'u &e% e&a+! 'a%a# (a% a!+ *e+'a '!(a) (apa' (!(eg+a(a*! *e a+a "!/l/g!*- Pe%a%ga%a% *e a+a )!&!a (a% !*!)a &e+upa)a% a+a pe%a%ga%a% e&a+a% &!%$a) "u&!$a%g &e&"u'u#)a% .a)'u $a%g +ela'! *!%g)a' 'e'ap! &e'/(e !%! (apa' &e%$e"a")a% )e+u*a)a%l!%g)u%ga%- I%! (apa' (!la)u)a% !)a 'u&pa#a% &!%$a) "u&! "elu& &e%$e"a+ )e&a%a,&a%a-

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)A)II

TIN+AUAN PUSTAKA

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pa*a%g *u+u' u&u&%$a (apa' pul!# (e%ga% epa' )e'!)a gel/&"a%g &e&"e+*!#)a% a+ea $a%g'e+)/%'a&!%a*! &!%$a) (e%ga% *a%ga' epa'- Se&e%'a+a pa(a /+ga%!*&e !%'e+*'!'!al $a!'u/+ga%!*&e $a%g &e%(!a&! +ua%g $a%g *a%ga' *e&p!' (! a%'a+a "u'!+,"u'!+ pa*!+ 'e%'u a)a% 'e+)e%a(a&pa)%$a uga )a+e%a &!%$a),&!%$a) 'e+*e"u' a)a% 'e+a)u&ula*! (a% 'e+e%(ap pa(a (a*a+

pe+a!+a% *epe+'! pa*!+ (a% "a'u,"a'ua% (a% #al !%! a)a% &e&pe%ga+u#! '!%g)a# la)u +ep+/(u)*!(a% pe+'u&"u#a% (a% pe+)e&"a%ga% #e.a% $a%g &e%(!a&! (ae+a# !%! *epe+'! a !%g p/l! ae'a+/'! e+ +u*'a ea (a% /+ga%!*&e la!%-

/% Perila u Minya #i LautSe%$a.a H!(+/)a+"/% $a%g 'e+)a%(u%g (ala& &!%$a) "u&! "e+upa "e%8e%e '/uleu%ae'#$l"e%8e% (a% !*/&e+ @$le%a (!)e%al *e"aga! 9TE &e+upa)a% )/&p/%e% u'a&a (ala&


8/20

&!%$a) "u&! "e+*! a' &u'age%! (a% )a+*!%/ge%!) pa(a &a%u*!a- Se%$a.a !%! "e+*! a'+e)al*!'+a% $a%g a+'!%$a *ul!' &e%gala&! pe+/&"a)a% (! ala& "a!) (! a!+ &aupu% (!(a+a'*e#!%gga #al !%! a)a% &e%gala&! p+/*e* "!/&ag%e'!/% pa(a !)a% a'aupu% pa(a "!/'a lau' la!%-9!la *e%$a.a a+/&a'! 'e+*e"u' &a*u) )e (ala& (a+a# a)a% (!*e+ap /le# a+!%ga% le&a) (a%a)a% &e%gala&! /)*!(a*! (ala& #a'! &e&"e%'u) p#e%/l )e&u(!a% pa(a p+/*e* "e+!)u'%$a'e+ a(! +ea)*! )/% uga*! &e&"e%'u) *e%$a.a glu u+!(e $a%g la+u' (ala& a!+ )e&u(!a% &a*u) )eg!% al Kompas, 2004 7-Ke'!)a &!%$a) &a*u) )e l!%g)u%ga% lau' &a)a &!%$a) 'e+*e"u' (e%ga% *ege+a a)a% &e%gala&!

pe+u"a#a% *e a+a !*!) (a% )!&!a- :!a%'a+a% p+/*e* 'e+*e"u' a(ala# &e&"e%'u) lap!*a% slick formation 7 &e%$e"a+ dissolution 7 &e%guap evaporation 7 p/l!&e+a*! polymerization 7e&ul*! !)a*! emulsification 7 e&ul*! a!+ (ala& &!%$a) water in oil emulsions 7 e&ul*! &!%$a) (ala& a!+ oil in water emulsions 7 /'//)*!(a "!/(eg+a(a*! &!)/+"a *e(!&e%'a*! (! e+%a /le#

pla%'/% (a% "e%'u)a% gu&pala% 'e+ Mu)#*'a*/+ 200D7-Ha&p!+ *e&ua 'u&pa#a% &!%$a) (! l!%g)u%ga% lau' (apa' (e%ga% *ege+a &e&"e%'u)

*e"ua# lap!*a% '!p!* (! pe+&u)aa%- Hal !%! (!)a+e%a)a% &!%$a) 'e+*e"u' (!ge+a))a% /le# pe+ge+a)a% a%g!% gel/&"a%g (a% a+u* *ela!% ga$a g+a?!'a*! (a% 'ega%ga% pe+&u)aa%- 9e"e+apa#!(+/)a+"/% &!%$a) "e+*! a' &u(a# &e%guap (a% epa' &e%guap- P+/*e* pe%$e"a+a% &!%$a) a)a% &e%$e"a+)a% lap!*a% &e% a(! '!p!* *e+'a '!%g)a' pe%guapa% &e%!%g)a'-H!la%g%$a *e"ag!a%&a'e+!al $a%g &u(a# &e%guap 'e+*e"u' &e&"ua' &!%$a) le"!# pa(a' "e+a' (a% &e&"ua'%$a'e%ggela&- K/&p/%e% #!(+/)a+"/% $a%g 'e+la+u' (ala& a!+ lau' a)a% &e&"ua' lap!*a% le"!#'e"al (a% &ele)a' (a% 'u+"ule%*! a!+ a)a% &e%$e"a")a% e&ul*! a!+ (ala& &!%$a) a'au &!%$a) (ala& a!+- Ke'!)a *e&ua 'e+ a(! +ea)*! /'/)!&!a (apa' &e%gu"a# )a+a)'e+ &!%$a) (a% a)a%'e+ a(! "!/(eg+a(a*! /le# &!)+/"a $a%g a)a% &e%gu+a%g! u&la# &!%$a)-P+/*e* pe&"e%'u)a%lap!*a% &!%$a) $a%g "eg!'u epa' (!'a&"a# (e%ga% pe%guapa% )/&p/%e% (a% pe%$e"a+a%

)/&p/%e% #!(+/)a+"/% a)a% &e%gu+a%g! ?/lu&e 'u&pa#a% *e"a%$a) 50 *ela&a "e"e+apa #a+!*e a) pe+'a&a )al! &!%$a) 'e+*e"u' 'u&pa#- P+/(u) )!la%g &!%$a) *epe+'! ga*/l!%e a'au )e+/*!%#a&pe+ *e&ua le%$ap *e"al!)%$a &!%$a) &e%'a# (e%ga% ?!*)/*!'a* $a%g '!%gg! #a%$a&e%gala&! pe%gu+a%ga% )u+a%g (a+! 25 -


9/20

)A) III

DATA DAN PEM)AHASAN

A- Penye*a* Pencemaran Laut

1- Pencemaran 0leh minya

Saa' !%! !%(u*'+! &!%$a) (u%!a 'ela# "e+)e&"a%g pe*a' *e#!%gga )e ela)aa% )e ela)aa%$a%g &e%ga)!"a')a% 'e+ e e+%$a &!%$a) (!lau'a% #a&p!+'!(a) "!a* (!ela))a%-Kapal 'a%)e+ &e%ga%g)u' &!%$a) &e%'a# (ala& u&la# "e*a+ '!ap 'a#u%- Apa"!la 'e+ a(! pe% e&a+a% &!$a)

(!lau'a% !%! a)a% &e%ga)!"a')a% &!%$a) &e%gapu%g (!a'a* pe+&u)aa% lau' $a%g a)#!+%$a'e+"a.a a+u* (a% 'e+"a.a )e pa%'a!-/%'/# )e ela)aa% )apal $a%g pe+%a# 'e+ a(! =

a7 T/++e$ a%$/% (!lepa* pa%'a! I%gg+!* 1B6D&e%ga)!"a')a% 100-000 "u+u%g &a'! "7 S#/.a &a+u (! *ela' Mala)a pa(a 'a#u% 1BD5

7 A&/ / a(!8 (! lepa* pa%'a! Pe+a% !* 1BDC Pe% e&a+a% &!%$a) &e&pu%$a! pe%ga+u# lua* 'e+#a(ap #e.a% (a% 'u&"u# 'u&"u#a%$a%g #!(up (!*ua'u (ae+a#- M!%$a) $a%g &e%gapu%g "e+"a#a$a "ag! )e#!(upa% "u+u%g lau'$a%g *u)a "e+e%a%g (!a'a* pe+&u)aa% a!+- Tu"u# "u+u%g a)a% 'e+'u'up &!%$a)- U%'u) &e&"e+*!#)a%%$a &e+e)a &e% !la'!%$a- A)!"a'%$a &e+e)a "a%$a) &!%u& &!%$a) (a%

&e% e&a+! (!+! *e%(!+!- Sela!% !'u &a%g+/?e (a% (ae+a# a!+ pa$au uga +u*a)- M!)+//+ga%!*&e$a%g 'e+)e%a pe% e&a+a% a)a% *ege+a &e%g#a% u+)a% !)a'a% /+ga%!) &!%$a) *e#!%gga "a%$a) (ae+a# pa%'a! $a%g 'e+)e%a e e+a% &!%$a) *e a+a "e+a' 'ela# "e+*!# )e&"al! #a%$a (ala& .a)'u1 a'au 2 'a#u%-

1AM)AR

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10/20

-%Pencemaran 0leh l0&am *erat

L/ga& "e+a' !ala# "e%(a pa(a' a'au a!+ $a%g &e&pu%$a! "e+a' 5 g+a& a'au le"!# u%'u) *e'!ap &3 *e(a%g)a% l/ga& $a%g "e+a'%$a )u+a%g (a+! 5 g+a& a(ala# l/ga& +!%ga%- L/ga& "e+a' *epe+'! &e+)u+! Hg7 '!&"al P"7 a+*e%!) A*7 )a(&!u& (7 )+/&!u& +7*e%g %7 (a% %!)el N!7 &e+upa)a% *ala# *a'u "e%'u) &a'e+! a%/+ga%!) $a%g *e+!%g&e%!&"ul)a% "e+"aga! pe+&a*ala#a% $a%g u)up *e+!u* pa(a pe+a!+a%- Pe%$e"a" 'e+ a(!%$a

pe% e&a+a% l/ga& "e+a' pa(a pe+a!+a% "!a*a%$a "e+a*al (a+! &a*u)a% a!+ $a%g 'e+)/%'a&!%a*!/le# l!&"a# "ua%ga% !%(u*'+! (a% pe+'a&"a%ga%-


11/20

1AM)AR

/%Pencemaran 0leh (ampah

Pla*'!) 'ela# &e% a(! &a*ala# gl/"al- Sa&pa# pla*'!) $a%g (!"ua%g 'e+apu%g (a%'e+e%(ap (! lau'a%- C0 (elapa% pulu# pe+*e%7 (a+! *a&pa# (! lau' a(ala# pla*'!) *e"ua#)/&p/%e% $a%g 'ela# (e%ga% epa' 'e+a)u&ula*! *e a) a)#!+ Pe+a%g :u%!a II- Ma**a pla*'!) (!lau'a% (!pe+)!+a)a% $a%g &e%u&pu) #!%gga *e+a'u* u'a &e'+!) '/%- Pla*'!) (a% 'u+u%a% la!% (a+! l!&"a# pla*'!) $a%g 'e+(apa' (! lau' "e+"a#a$a u%'u) *a'.al!a+ (a% pe+!)a%a%- O+ga%!*&e pe+a!+a% (apa' 'e+a% a& a)!"a' 'e+"el!' *e*a) %apa* &aupu%'e+&a)a%-


12/20

2%Pencemaran 0leh pe(ti(i#a

Ke+u*a)a% $a%g (!*e"a")a% /le# pe*'!*!(a a(ala# "e+*! a' a)u&ula'! - Me+e)a *e%ga a(!'e"a+)a% )e (ala& *ua'u l!%g)u%ga% (e%ga% 'u ua% u%'u) &e%g/%'+/l #a&a 'a%a&a% a'au/+ga%!*&,/+ga%!*&e la!% $a%g '!(a) (!!%g!%)a%- I(eal%$a pe*'!*!(a !%! #a+u* &e&pu%$a!*pe*! !)a*! $a%g '!%gg! $a!'u (apa' &e&"u%u# /+ga%!*&,/+ga%!*&e $a%g '!(a) (!)e#e%(a)! 'a%pa&e+u*a) #e.a% la!%%$a 'e'ap! pa(a )e%$a'aa%%$a pe*'!*!(a "!*a &e&"u%u# "!/'a a!+ $a%g a(a (!lau'- 9e"e+apa pe*'!*!(a $a%g (!pa)a! )e"a%$a)a% "e+a*al (a+! *ua'u g+up "a#a% )!&!a $a%g

(!*e"u' O+ga%/ #l/+!(e- ::T 'e+&a*u) (ala& g+up !%!- Pe*'!*!(a e%!* !%! 'e+&a*u) g/l/%ga%$a%g &e&pu%$a! !)a'a% &/le)ul $a%g *a%ga' )ua' (!&a%a &/le)ul,&/le)ul !%! )e&u%g)!%a%(apa' "e+'a#a% (! ala& *a&pa! "e"e+apa 'a#u% *e a) &e+e)a &ula! (!pe+gu%a)a%- Hal !'u *a%ga'

"e+"a#a$a )a+e%a (e%ga% (!gu%a)a%%$a g/l/%ga% !%! *e a+a 'e+u* &e%e+u* a)a% &e&"ua'&e+e)a &e%u&pu) (! l!%g)u%ga% (a% a)#!+%$a &e% apa! *ua'u '!%g)a'a% $a%g '!(a) (apa'(!'/le+!+ lag! (a% "e+"a#a$a "ag! /+ga%!*& $a%g #!(up (!(ae+a# 'e+*e"u'- He.a% "!a*a%$a &e%$!&pa% /+ga%/ #l/+!(e (! (ala& 'u"u# &e+e)a- 9e"e+apa /+ga%!*&ea!+ 'e+&a*u) !)a% (a% u(a%g 'e+%$a'a &e%u&pu) "a#a% )!&!a (!(ala& a+!%ga% 'u"u#%$a- Ke'!)a pe*'!*!(a &a*u) )e (ala& e)/*!*'e& lau' &e+e)a *ege+a (!*e+ap )e (ala& a+!%g&a)a%a% (! lau'- :ala& a++!%g &a)a%a% pe*'!*!(a !%! (apa' &e%$e"a")a% &u'a*! *e+'a

pe%$a)!' $a%g (apa' "e+"a#a$a "ag! #e.a% lau' *elu+u# pe%$u*u% +a%'a! &a)a%a%'e+&a*u) &a%u*!a-

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13/20


14/20

1AM)AR

4%Pencemaran a i*at penin& atan ea(aman

:e.a*a !%! *a%ga' "a%$a) )eg!a'a% &a%u*!a $a%g &e%$e"a")a% p/lu*! u(a+a 'a%a# (a%a!+ $a%g (!*e"a")a% /le# l!&"a# pa"+!) !%(u*'+! a*ap )e%(a+aa% (a% "a%$a) lag!- Sala# *a'u

/%'/# a(ala# *e&a)!% "a%$a) )a+"/% (!/)*!(a &e&a*u)! a'&/* e+ "u&! &a)a )a+"/%(!/)*!(a$a%g )!'a #a*!l)a% *e#a+!,#a+! (apa' &e%$e"a")a% #u a% a*a& (a% uga &e%!%g)a')a% )a(a+ )ea*a&a% lau' &e% a(! le"!# a*a&- P/'e%*! pe%!%g)a'a% )ea*a&a% lau' (apa' &e&pe%ga+u#!)e&a&pua% )a+a%g (a% #e.a% "e+ a%g)a%g la!%%$a u%'u) &e&"e%'u) a%g)a%g a'au +a%g)a-

Pe+u"a#a% !)l!& uga a)a% "e+(a&pa) "u+u) pa(a e)/*!*'e& (! lau'a% -


15/20

a)u*'!)- Hal !%! "e+la)u uga u%'u) "a%$a) !)a% lau' $a%g #!(up le"!# (ala& (! (u%!a )egelapa%-:!lap/+)a% "a#.a a%'a+a 'a#u% 1B50 (a% 1BD5 a&"!e% )e"!*!%ga% (! lau' %a!) *e)!'a+ *epulu#(e*!"el 'ela# &e%!%g)a' *epulu# )al! l!pa'7-Su&"e+ *ua+a (! lau' a%'a+a la!% =

1 Sumber alami Sua+a (! lau' $a%g '!&"ul a)!"a' p+/*e* ala&! 'e+"ag! (ala& (ua $a!'u p+/*e* !*!)a *e+'a

p+/*e* "!/l/g!- P+/*e* !*!)a !%! a%'a+a la!% = a)'!?!'a* 'e)'/%!) gu%u%g ap! (a% ge&pa "u&!a%g!% gel/&"a%g- Se(a%g)a% /%'/# (a+! a)'!?!'a* "!/l/g!* &!*al%$a *ua+a (a+! &a&al!a lau'(a% !)a%-

2. Lalu lintas kapal 9a%$a) (a+! )apal,)apal $a%g "e+/pe+a*! (! lau' &e%!&"ul)a% )e"!*!%ga% $a%g

"e+pe%ga+u# pa(a e)/*!*'e& lau' (a% u&u&%$a "e+a(a pa(a "a'a*a% *ua+a 1000H8- Kapal,)apal

Ta%)e+ 9e*a+ $a%g "e+/pe+a*! &e%ga%g)u' &!%$a) "!a*a%$a &e%gelua+)a% *ua+a (e%ga% le?el1B0 (e*!"el a'au *e)!'a+ 500H8- Se(a%g)a% u%'u) u)u+a% )apal $a%g le"!# )e !l "!a*a%$a #a%$a&e%!&"ul)a% gel/&"a%g *ua+a *e)!'a+160,1D0 (e*!"el- Kapal,)apal !%! &e%!&"ul)a% *e e%!*'e&"/) ?!+'ual $a%g (!*e"u' .#!'e %/!*e $a%g &e&!l!)! )e"!*!%ga% )/%*'a%- #!'e %/!*e (apa'&e%g#ala%g! )/&u%!)a*! a%'a+a &a&al!a (! lau' *a&pa! "a'a* u%'u) a+ea $a%g le"!# )e !l- Sela!%)apal Ta%)e+ uga Kapal,)apal "e*a+ la!%%$a *e e%!* a+g/ $a%g &e&"a.a pe'!)e&a* &e&!l!)!)e"!*!%ga% $a%g u)up &e%!&"ul)a% pe% e&a+a% *ua+a (! lau'-

. !ksplorasi dan !kspoitasi "as dan #inyak Keg!a'a% e)*pl/+a*! (a% e)*p/!'a*! ga* (a% &!%$a) "a%$a) &e%ggu%a)a% *u+?e! *e!*&!)

pe&"a%gu%a% a% u%ga% &!%$a) +!g pe%ge"/+a% &!%$a) (ll- Ke"a%$a)a% (a+! *u+?e! *e!*&!)

*aa' !%! &e%ggu%a)a% a!+gu%* *e"aga! *u&"e+ *ua+a ala' !%! &e+upa)a% ala' "e+!*! u(a+a $a%g&e&p+/(u)*! *!%$al a)u*'!) (e%ga% epa' &e%gelua+)a% u(a+a 'e+)/&p+e*! )e (ala& )/l/& a!+-Me'/(a 'e+*e"u' (apa' &e% !p'a)a% *ua+a (e%ga% !%'e%*!'a* *a&pa! (e%ga% 255 (e*!"el-Pe%ga+u#%$a 'e+#a(ap #e.a% la!%%$a uga (apa' &e%!&"ul)a% )e+u*a)a% pe%(e%ga+a% a)!"a'(a+! 'e)a%a% a!+ $a%g (!'!&"ul)a%- Sepe+'! la$a)%$a pe%ggu%aa% (!%a&!' a!+gu%* uga

"e+pe%ga+u# 'e+#a(ap pe%(e%ga+a% &a%u*!a *e a+a la%g*u%g- Pul*a *!%$al a)u*'!) !%! (apa'&e%!&"ul)a% )/% l!) 'e+#a(ap &a&al!a lau' *epe+'! &!*al%$a pau* e%!* &$*'! e'e *pe+& (a%

"ea)e( $a%g &e%ggu%a)a% +e)ue%*! *ua+a $a%g +e%(a#- 9eg!'u uga (ala& a)'!?!'a* pe&"a%gu%a% +!g (a% pe%ge"/+a% &!%$a) (!&a%a (ala&/pe+a*!/%al%$a *e'!ap #a+! "a%$a) &e%g#a*!l)a% *ua+a *e+'a &e%!&"ul)a% )e"!*!%ga% $a%g

"e+e*!)/ "ag! &a&al!a lau'-4. $enelitian %seano&rafi dan $erikanan

Pe+%a# (!a(a)a% *u+?e! (e%ga% &e%ggu%a)a% A /u*'! T#e+&/g+ap#$ / O ea% l!&a'eATO 7 (!&a%a (!gu%a)a% )a%al *ua+a u%'u) &e&pe+l!#a')a% +a'a,+a'a 'e&pe+a'u+ lau'- S!*'e&

!%! (!gu%a)a% u%'u) pe%el!'!a% &e%ge%a! a)'/+ 'e&pe+a'u+ lau'- A)!"a'%$a 'e+#a(ap #e.a%,#e.a% (! lau' 'e+"u)'! "a#.a &e+e)a "e+ge+a) &e% au# 'e+u'a&a Pau* e%!* 'e+'e%'u7 %a&u%*ela%g "e"e+apa *aa' &e+e)a )e&"al! u%'u) &e% a+! &a)a%a%- :e+u&a% (a+! Spea)e+ $a%g


16/20

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KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN

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19/20

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20/20

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pencemaran perairan oleh franggana

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