pendahuluan agroecology

8/2/2019 PENDAHULUAN AGROECOLOGY

1/22

Ecological Processes in Sustainable Agriculture


2/22

AGRICULTURE IS INCRISIS


3/22

AGRICULTURE IS INCRISIS


4/22

Akibat budidaya tanaman yangsalah


5/22

Kualitas air sungai menurun


6/22

What is agroecology?

Agroecology is

a scientific discipline that uses ecologicaltheory to study, design, manage and evaluate

agricultural systems that are productive butalso resource conserving

concerned with the maintenance of a productiveagriculture that sustains yields and optimizesthe use of local resources while minimizing thenegative environmental and socio-economicimpacts of modern technologies..


7/22

AgroecologyScience, technology, object, goal &motivation


8/22

The science of agroecology, which isdefined as the application of ecologicalconcepts and principles to the design

and management of sustainableagroecosystems, provides a frameworkto assess the complexity of

agroecosystems (Altieri, 1995).


9/22


10/22

Ekologi Pertanian

Ekologi =ilmu yg mempelajari hubungan antar makhluk hidup,dan hubungan antar makhluk hidup denganlingkungannya.

Ekologi Pertanian =ilmu yang mempelajari sistem pertanian denganmenggunakan kaidah-kaidah ekologi.

Tujuan ekologi pertanian adalah :

mempelajari sistem pertanian denganmenggunakan kaidah-kaidah ekologi sehinggapenerapan teknologi pertanian tidak merusaklingkungan.

Mengapa hal itu perlu dilakukan?


11/22

Perkembangan Pertanian dari jamankuno - sekarang

Pertanian kuno (purba) :

mengambil hasil pertanian tanpa menanam

menanam di lahan sempit secara sederhanapertanian ladang berpindah (shifting cultivation)

berpindah tempat baru jika hasil tanaman sudah turun

kembali ke tempat semula setelah 7-10 putaranteknologi masih sederhana

hasil untuk keluarga (subsisten)


12/22

Pertanian tradisional :

pertanian dengan sistem menetap

pengolahan tanah dengan tenagamanusia/hewan,

bibit menggunakan jenis lokal,

pemupukan dengan pupuk organik,

pengairan sistem tadah hujan,

pengendalian hama penyakit secaramanual

rasa padi enak

hasil panen yg baik dipilih untuk bibitHasil padi rendah

Umur tanaman lama ( 6 bulan)

Bibit lokal rentan seranganhama/penyakit


13/22

Pertanian modern(revolusi hijau) :

pengolahan tanah secaramekanik (mesin)sewa

bibit unggul hasilpersilangan buatan

bibit selalu beli, dan butuhunsur hara tinggi

penggunaan pupuk anorganik (buatan pabrik)

tanah sawah kekuranganbahan organik

pencemaran tanah, air danudara


14/22

pengairan sistem irigasi

pengendalian hama/

penyakit secara rutinpakai pestisida buatan

penggunaan hormontumbuh

makhluk hidup bukansasaran mati

ledakan hamasekunder

polusi pestisida ketanah dan air


15/22


16/22

Ecological principles

1. Enhance recycling of biomass and optimizing nutrientavailability and balancing nutrient flow.

2. Securing favorable soil conditions for plant growth, particularlyby managing organic matter and enhancing soil biotic activity.

3. Minimizing losses due to flows of solar radiation, air and waterby way of microclimate management, water harvesting andsoil management through increased soil cover.

4. Species and genetic diversification of the agroecosystem intime and space.

5. Enhance beneficial biological interactions and synergismsamong agrobiodiversity components thus resulting in thepromotion of key ecological processes and services


17/22

Characteristics Agroecosystem NaturalEcosystem

Productivity High Low

Species diversity Low(monoculture)can use croprotation and

intercropping tostabilize more

High

Genetic diversitywithin species Low High

Plant life-cyclespresent

Few All, moreperennial

Competition Negative Tolerable(ecological niche)

Flowering, plantmaturing Synchronized Seasonal

Nutrient Cycles Open Closed

Permanence Short Long

Human Control High Low

Ecological Maturity Early, immature Mature, climax


18/22

Sistem PertanianKonvensional di Indonesia

Tanpa memperhatikan konsekuensijangka panjang dan dinamikaekologi dari sistem pertanian

Pertanian Konvensional: Maksimal produksi

Maksimal profit


19/22

Praktek-praktek dasarpertanian konvensional

Pengolahan tanah intensif (Intensive tillage)

Monokultur

Pemupukan anorganik

Penggunaan pestisida kimia sintetik

Manipulasi genetik (ganetic manipulation)


20/22

Why Conventional Agriculture IsNot Sustainable ?

Soil Degradation

Waste and Overuse of Water

Pollution of the EnvironmentDependence on External Inputs

Loss of Genetic Diversity

Loss of Local Control over Agric.Production


21/22

Toward Sustainability

Sustainability is achieved throughalternative agriculture practices informed

by indepth knowledge of the ecologicalprocesses ocurring in farm fields

AGROECOLOGY


22/22

Foto: Cho

Sistem pertanian seperti apa yang dibutuhkan?

Intensif

Extensif

pendahuluan agroecology

Documents