pendell elmer - why civilizations self-destruct clearscan

7/24/2019 Pendell Elmer - Why Civilizations Self-Destruct Clearscan

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WHY

CIVILIZATIONS

SELF DESTRUCT

ELMER PEN ELL


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WHY CIVILIZATIONS SEF-DESRUC

LMR ND

Gia nteecs lke ibbo Spegler d Toybee hvegi en us ompex nd tortuous reso for the dele o vlztins Dr Pene presen us wit a ple oe vlo

bese e ess pae sle of e opul egllyutreeds e re le I prele e e eeds e unt d eenta roues speo ve o e\oe inteigene n inustrousess e heled o oting n ne oi order t efet ue' be-ldn by oecting inste of elnng the u The o is tt n seerl geerto e oeed oe he

roeor.Dr eel sors te nnl o sto o pove h po

ater begning is semi suy ele l oe ino orie egotsi d ltus dve hh e olog bss for o te uld buld oiitos

Mt iortnty, r endel oers y d e os te sri nd terto utoppe oesse o ol etroy. Oe f ost ntrigung os ooversreees is geney oieed rge l o se heitre of r eter u speimes d substll loe rertion te of te iiioestroyg peole hon neite oie for temsees or er osrg

oer strions: Reonstrutio of he Zgr o UN ui t r (ird ysty, 22002100 B.C),win y Caue Aeie fter a oel y Wooe Te gu t o dre Prrot)


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Why CivilizationsSelf-Destruct

Em P

HOARD ALLEN CAPE CANAVERAL


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Contents

Preface V

The Indiidual on Cener Stage 1

The Legacy of Insinct

The Social Appeie

Speech The ool of Socialiy

5 Consrains on he Social Appeie

6 Deahthe Seran of ife 57

7 Eoluion n he Ice Age 7

The Social Appete Versus Eouion 69 The Fal of Ciilizaons 1

1 The Herediy Facor 1 1 6

1 1 The Squandering of Genius 1

1 The SelfDestruc Principle at ork in America 19

1 Ratche for Reproducion 5

The Auhor Mees His Crics 17

Index 9


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Pf

A pyy on a gant' hour can ee the farther of the two.

make clam beg a ygmy, b wrg theseages have s e slers f gas f sclarshi, rst e a he aher f he may clrflsbiviss f learg ha cver s mc errry

because the tragey f r me s aare aralr shrtterm ctexts he flly f r l cal, scal aecnmc licies can be clearly see ly if

th y

are eval-ae accrg t her verall resltselaye resls aswell as early resls, bscre reslts as well as bvsresls

elae e shrsghteess f r plcies are r

aes war e s rcre f sciey Hpeflly thereaer wll realze , as he ges frher he s bjec , ascl srcre s wha hls cvilzai gether

Hw we as ivals came be wa we are, came have sch hghts an ables as we ave, wl l be empa-si ze, erhas veremhasze , e ear ly chaers f sb his s becse te s ws f cvsepe large art n prectable chages the ab l esa eas f vials

e ms lear a litle ab rselves befre we caersa wha we have e a are ing t rselves

Elmer eell


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Acknwldgments

To Dr Ala Mil ican Dean of Lirary Science a acson-ville S ae Universiy and her ecien sa

To Dr au S Carson Curaor of Rare Boos andSpecia Coecions a Clar Universiy

To Dr S Coum Gillan auhor of T Cw C who oo ime ou from his own wriings ocriicize my manuscrip in deai

To Dr Max Raery Dean of he School of ducaionof Troy Sae UniversiyTo iiam G Simpson scholar and friend for eary

consrucive criicismTo Dr aco Kamm memer of Ohio Board o f Re-

gens who suggesed imporan improvemensTo Dorohy Boicour poe who promped hepful

changeso The Honorale Bi Nichols US Represenaivefrom Aaama for his ass isance in oain ing neededsource maeria

To he faculy members and sa members of ackson-vie S ae Universiy whose discussions conribued oreo my hining han hey reaized

To e Census Bureau and o he uncouned schoarswhose wriings were buiding blocks for my own ndings To Mary Kinefeler for excellen secretarial work


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The Individua on enter Stage

The y sat uon the tree of the harot wheel ad sadWhat a dt do I se'

Frns Baon

Eryn tggl wit t qtin W t

n i tt i w l p wit t nwrytng l w in pl.

Or in tw p wi r tn i n nit t nt t t tnt trnin int Dr yll nr y On p gnrt mtitn t inwi l t l n glriy t . t gnti psitin ypty n t ir r

ppr lrn t iltin w n t nr-tn t i in. Bt t nw t iw t nw t g t. S w w l r t ttntin n t lttr.

r y yr prp g? I t w y ppri i t nt n y

Y gt w t trwi t

yr l gnt yr prin y p-pr rm yr pint iwr yr p l n tl t rit w .

t y liprtn i yr Cl ny nng t yt nyyittnsin rn n t nw tyl


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y vlzatns SeDestct

rir tt in r w ndrtnd t ning nin Lt try

Cnin ntining rin ll i n wr-

n rptiity tt rdin W t rdyt rrd prin I w y w n inrn tprrdr nly t wrd " tp i gr p Cn-in nt nly prin; i t ply pri- pn

Otr ntin nin r pring -ing liying lting ntrlling diding nly-

ing diriinting d itingiing giding nging r-gniing plnning prditing yntiing riingnd yttiing S t rlp Mt iply pr-pi tin Sn yr nin i t gnir yr ntl wrp i y r nt int l it nyr rgr

Rring i ril prt nin tt i

t pr rllng inrtin t n i Br y p yr ind t ting t -ni y ndd t n iilr diinin t pt Mr tn y pt nlin pd yyr ttitd nd yr prnt diin d-ingly t grt ing in ti nd ntl nrgy

driti ntin nin i rring

r it wn r t r ntlgi n i ting ingt ld ng ning r t pitr in llg yr- ring t itri n dt dy gn yY r nt l iitd t t ti tin t prnt Eni tdy g dly y r l t t pid in tlti t pt Yr nin i tty dpit yr t trr nt

ll nin dpnd n intllign w intllignt y r tt tr yr nin ntin ttr yr n-in ntin t r intllignt y r

Or nrl yt prt t lt n prt n r ltri nrgy Cnin itl t n n


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e ndvdual n ene Sage

tirly n ltriity Smtms wn llng pn tin n nr lls n t l p wr in t in-ry it nrrws wn n ts l sptligt. t t

tims t pntrts prlm li lsr m. nprrming s sptligt gn t my ing rt niil s prptins t l r m in t n .In ll ss nsisnss s rgniing rgning rgn-in g l trry rits sp s trm n-ssnss i ts sn ngs ntnt m t spt-ligt mtpr mr pt Nt ntil y g t slp s

t ligt g t.Slp itsl srs sm nsrtin. It is t -

sn nsisnsss rnss is t sn ligt. yng il my rsis t is np nsiring t n i ntr-rptin is s tn. gts t rtin nsisnss n mgt gt t rtn i . I t i s ttr s trggl-twn t itry rg t rmin nsis t ng n

t l n t rtry rg t lt g n g t slp.Cnssnss is inr t in t sns tt it is n ttri-

t spl rin lls . Its iny s prtly inr-t n s r its tnnis w ir mng ni-ls. Cnsisnss is nt pssi it s nt wit rts i r t t pn t . It s n inrn n prs is tntg ri w tn intnsis int risity n

lss rntly int sprt rgny s t t wtwr wy r w rtn ts . is s ring ri i st rsn w r rstlss ynm n tn rstrtslstrtrs.

ntsis my sr t rs t s tntti pntins rt wt wr wy r w. y mnt t yptss w mst tst. Bt wn n t ntsis r

trnsr int nitns ty m pt tn llng t tm s irt lng ts.

Sm t wr nssnss is mpis int prssng inls lssiying nmll ng r t y s prins. s srting t wi


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Why to eett

igt ri trggl r nitny l in ring i trggl r nitny prt t nin n t ni

i t ri l t i t iing wt n wt nt prtil pplit in r ryyli

nlyi prin t pl in t intrprirt wi i t in t tprl l t rinrt t ing g n in t t n-i n t rr nr gt t t rnt

nin i l i ntl rrn l ll t

nni wi ypntit n llwr Sign r S writr nitintin wn t ni n t nn

Cnin int ply it p t p

r r l i t p t i wi rri t tn w ny n wi t i p t wi pt t t wi pnin t tr t w tgrtt trngt n t wit nwlg t lp t p rit w r gy l p n wll rn wl r r wigt t w ti tpping n trn n wt t i w tpp n

n S nwlg trin wi iniil r-i n wi pri n t it tri t p-i pn n wi iniil ri

rit rrnnr nin wi wr wt li gnt inglllni t ppr r i ligt n t rp i itin plnt t yng tr ln twr t n

n in n tnril plring in t wt rt plnt tt r int wt t tttrpi t i n t g tt li lin yr gin inglll ni ttin rr wiyi intn trpi ti rtin tt wr prr npli ty r ri i p


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e Idiidu o Ceter tge

S l ty n tgtr n t p lping nt nr lln ntng ltri rrnt r riy tn tr

R prtt t pl gni t rp ptt t ng lln ltr grtn rtin titng ttin r-

ir r t r rgn rltly -plit rpn pttrn rgni w tlty lng n tn llw t tin w ppr-prt t rgn ri l ing w r r

tng irnt n w ll i t n ny rgnn prly r rtn wtt it i ntri Cnn n ntnt t nntil n tr gnnng n n ynng t rt tr w prly ng irtrtng in nt t rtr t tt ntntr wr t trint t pn n t wrn

t Bt t prn w nt t r r t -rt y n t gnnng t n- tr t l t pinln i rt gn r t r

On t wrning ng tt r pit n-n w n; ntr w ngr -

rt n t r wl l n t rltrl n rn ntitt ng i r rpnt nt iil prn Rt prnwl r l t nt ptr

Cnin ing rl l nnir r t ginning n r nr l n ty pin witt rrn t n-

n t n t n tt t wr rt n ttl l; rly tt wr n n-pt n tt t rt w n t i-prtn nns r w g it t nt trt-nt wr wy itn

ry grlly y n ny ng ttn


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6 y vzans Se-esc

cnsciusnss badnd t incud pcpts, cncpts,mmry, dcisinmaing and pups. Wn it acdtis stag, t prcpts and cncpts wud b rganid

t dns t cnsciusnss and t cs in wiccnsciusnss sidd.

uccess in t stugg suria as dpndd n ascnted rintatin A cnsciusnss as t b sm-w. W is it? It is in t bain clls t rgani smit srs I t is w ant ns can rgis t tir ms-

sags and nt nrs ins tuct muscs gands t actr utin matts t a lss cntrs cald "px-uss , wic rcie arnt s ignassuc as ts aingt d wit t digsti pcessand snd instructinsr nt nrs. I anyting gs wng, t plxusds wat a cmput dssnds an "rr si gna t tbain.

yung by ass , in Wayn Mi r s T W s Yg,"Wat part m i s m? answr i s te mst autnticpart anyn is cntd in is cnsciusnss . ining xpincs is li tining te s tas in a plantaium;te as t b a pint nc In t plantaium itis at, w t iw is sitting. In t indiidual it ist s

Yt te bundaris sl a amaingy las tic . W idn-tiy sl nt ny wi t ur mind and ur idas , u mt insand atti tuds, but wit u ns, ur ic, u dg, nu ic unc O amiy is t mst imptant ami y . Otwn is t nicst twn. W l csy bund t a ps -sinal tba tam in ant s tat r wit a quaterbacw usd t win tbal l gams r ur cleg, tug u

r is nw wit a tam a way acrss t cuntry. Ismn criticis is cuntry, surs bcaus sm-ting wic i s paty im is damagd. In a sns a cuntryis pat s And, as w p pating, t cnt sl0 S cnscsnss.


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h v r g

oes a dos consciousness operate fro cener stae?t coud operate no other way ut a do earns eary hathe ust cooperate with huans and that where judents

or wishes cash with his aster he ust yied is doinance is iited to other species than Homo sapiens and tosoe oher dos

ysteatied actiity has to e keyed to consciousness,which is t o say, t o se o other orientation is possie o rperhaps een iainae We hae soeties heard a person say, f were he, woud do thus and so What he

reay eant was, f , with y ackround of eperienceand ideas, were in his position, woud do thus and sooes inorn sefcenteredness aect socia ehaior?

ow any oe sons ephasie ou , you , you, ony you;and what do for you he siner wins you oer yephas iin your sefiportance

A po itica candidate nds it hepfu to reeer naes

of oers eeerin a nae is reconit ion of he separateness, the identity, the indiiduaity of is owner owhe poitician ay s and on the issues eans es s o anyoers than his hait of reeerin heir naes

Various roups hae een sure they are ods ChosenPeope hat heps eet the instinctie cenerstae deands and i s especiay cofortin if the se f has had soerouh oin f consciousness is unsuccessfu in ainain in staus , there is copensation in the periphera oriesof ein part of soethin successfu

nce upon a tie there was Guier he iiputiansied hi up, without reaiin what ood hins he couddo for the

hrop toddard was Guier and the iiputians werehe sainded, antihereditarian ehaioriss of histe is ost iportant work The Revolt Against Civilizationwas puished in and a few years ater, as the okean o ake eect, the iiputians assed for coecie


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vzans Seesc

actin against it an t st f is witings . y wn atast fr alf a cntry. T flwing fm pag 5 fStar s b i s n f is mst imprtant paagaps

very dvdual s evably he ceer of h world, ad -sncvely eds o reard hs ow exsece ad wellbe asmaers of supreme porace. Ths nscve eosm s, ofcorse , oded by experece, observao, and reeco andmay be so overlad ha becomes scarcey reconzabe eve byhe dvdal hsel. everheless remas and sub ly coorsevery houh and ade . . . . ach ndvdua l feels ha he s

really a perso of mporace. o maer how ow may be hscapaces, no maer how ereos hs falures o maer howufavorable he judmet o f hs fellows s ll hs nbor scsof selfpreservaon ad selflove whsper ha h e should srvveand prosper, ha hs are o rh, ad ha he world wereproperly ordered he would be much beer paced.

ft t antihitarians ha iscrit Starth slfcnt nat f man sms t av bn wiynglct. It was rviv in a rnabt way in 1 96 1 byRrt y n A Gss in t intctin t ischapt " Rmantic Fallacy .

Th l tat watv is appais as t b g n

its rlatinship t slf may invlv stanas alay st upby t sl Tim nrgy an intrst a limit s ms tf t tails a mly lmp tgtr. pacticapplis t t slctin f cltin bs mvis ats frins almst vything.

Wn y pt crtain ppl in an nfavabl catgytrs w wl class ify thm irntly will accs y

f pric an iscriminatin. In many ins tancs y aprging racing cnclsins b y av cnsir th ssntial facts . Usally y citics ar pgingt. hy av nt g f t trt any m tan y.Y wi pbaby fn y cass icatin witht tink


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vul S

ing through the particular circumstaces. Your critics willsimilarly argue for their ideas rather ha tst the.

A superiority felig s not a complex, but the prmordial

state of cosiousness. While e may soetimes bolsterour on egos by ridicung hat seems to be th pretesios of our eighbors, let's not lose sght of te fact tatthe feelin of supeiorty is an aspt of putting self in thecenter of thigs, a at required by conscousness for coordiatio. After one as been joted a few times by experience, h s likey to reassss himself, and to see imsef as

othrs see him. Or h my ean over backad ad developan nferiorty feeln Te atter a appopriately be rferred to s a complex because it sums up a variy ofexpiens But an eontric position wil remai themajo basis of orientato, no matter o small speck ofdust man beleves mself to be

W. . Thomas ad Florian Znaieck i Polh Peasant i

Europe ad Ameca, a sociological classic pubished i theeary 1920s, investigated "four desires that eate froma self-centered orientation.

The sire for secuty needs no laboraton.Te sire for recogition is a ish fo attention, a ratica

tion at se ou ame in the nespaper, a compusionto "so o. One of the manifestations of tis wish is the

uge eithe to be in stye o to rebel aginst stye. Attention,of couse, is moe lcome if it is favorbe, but for maypeople even mly derogatory publicity is prefeabe tonone.

Someat dierent, thouh spingi fom te samesource, s the desire to be ctive, "to get results This, inits onstructve hase s ht Thorstei Veblen hs aled

the "nstnct of orkmanship Most people would prfertheir ations to be benecial, but te craving is so strongthat hat the craver dos may be actually harmfu Theyoung boy lghts a ecraker the older boy engages ivandlism, the collee student starts a riot and Arthur


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Why vzts stt

reer ries to ill Geore aace. Others ay channeltheir desi re to e eectie into ore constructie channes such a s puttin a an on the oon or worin on a pan

to rin water to Los Anees fro the Snae ier.Another resut of the eopointin aspect of conscious -ness is the desire for domiace. Life is copetitie and in-diiduas wor their way up or down to a ran or statuswhich is deterined y their perforance. Usuay statusis an infora not a riid cassication.

"Pec iht is a ter indicatin the order of ascendancy

in certain species of anias or irds the concept haineen rs crysta ied y oseration of the soc ia hierarchyaon hens oert Ardrey in frica Geesis entites hischapter on consciousness of ran "ho Pecs Who." ery oranied ania society he says "has its systeof doinance.

Usuay status i s estaished aon eers o f a n ani-

a or ird roup y soe sort of copeti tion such as ashow of strenth. ut once doinance is estaished thechaenes to it are few. Aon the aoons the oderones retain their oy status for years aer they hae ostthe strenth to defend it

S tatus contriues to suria in soe species y preent-in interinae strules for eadership . n species where

doinant aes hae pura aes it iproes enetic ua-ity.Stratication of huan eins does not confor to the

Aerican tenet that "a en are created eua. ut asVance Pacard showed in The Saus Seekes, straticationeists eerywhere in our society. he l ines were forerydrawn accordin to incoe faiy acround and eisure .

More recently they hae een drawn accordin to peope ' sfunctions in the production of oods and serices . Cas sines ecoe ore not es s isie as Aerican us inessand industry ecoe ore ureaucratic.

Status depends ess on faiy acround now that oiity is so reat that faiies rarey reain toether. Lei


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h v r Sg 1 1

sure no oner serves as a status syo , ecause the anwho wieds the ost power often works onest

Accordin to Packard, we have deveoped a vecass

syste with a coee dipoa servin as a iniu re-uireent for the top two casses he hihest cass iscoposed of top anaeent and professiona peope

houh ost of us are vaue aout cass d ivis ions in thiscountry, y the tie we are forty, we have found our pera-nent niche in the cass structure and have rown accus-toed to it Packard writes

S

o what, esides sef (and iediate odiy needs) , does

consciousness ive direct attention? or soe the ereow of ife ay onopoie their attention or ost peo-pe, however, a sense of purpose, which derives fro theirconcusions aout the appropriateness of their activities,wi keep soe order in daiy ife Purpose is ikey to rein-force soe haits, which in turn reinforce purpose Sinceit ives persis tence to otivation , it has , at east in the past ,

iproved our chances of survivan a odern settin, in the short run, a sense of purpose

has itte to do with individua surviva, since civiiationtakes care of the indient n the on run, however, a senseof purposeor etter a strenth of purposedeterinesthe eve of civiiation f individuas had no sense of pur-pose ther ehavior woud e unpredictae , and socia or-

aniation woud e ipossi e Proceedin fro huntinand aricutura staes to viae and city ivin, individuashave coordinated their ehavior and th resutin sociapatterns have ecoe a fraework in which the sense ofpurpose of newer roup eers takes shape he inher-ited tendency of individuas to foruate and persist in


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Ciiiatios Seestt

tir ri prp i nry t l ity rgn-itin irtrt tin r imigrtin r t lt in lrg prprtin t nitnt i ty

ing lw intlgn r lking prp rn ni-tin trirt

t t ritry tnny n t prpli t t lng t tt pt int llign wi t wi t t pwr ntiiptin pln r-r inl niring t inn prnt tinn tr rlt Ln i in

prp nl n i n n n prp i ril in ny wy pririly pp y timting t prprtn r wintr in pritri ti n in lying in ppli r ln yr

r wit t prpti trng prp i-in r rltiy y n ip wi y pting r nting r rint r

nyting tt nt ntrt t t in rt irl t prn wt ntrl prp ri r Li i intn inting n nitnt n inwrking r n il t iniil n nnt nrtl tt i tnin n t ntr tng

Ltr wn w intgt t rqirnt r iling

iitin w l t prt tt gntriity nnin py in t tn i l trtr Inptr iitly llwn wr w wi ll ntint n r ntl qipnt r t n tt ttt iil it in pn lgly n wt i in tniil in

n rnt t in prt t inn n

Dwy n Bnin Spk nliit n gt t ni t wl try i ll t wrlt yil t t tntr trwr ngr r nr t l t inl t t ity -prtnt n t t n Erytingt n it intrt


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e Individua on Cent Stage

ny ri i n t trin in m mrit y tr ri n r y t pp np it t p w i n g in ti ptr

w l n tt i t nt ntitt t wl prnn wi iilitn r ilt


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Chapter 2

T Lgcy of Insinc

A re-mist and a planet,A cstal and a ce,A jellyh and a sauan,And caves where the cavemen dwell;Then a sense of law and beauty,And a face tued fm the clod,Some cal it Evolution,And others cal it God.

Wiiam Herbert Cath

Anyone who tries o undestand the rse or fall of civilizatons without atention to biological evoluion is plungingino a labyrnh wthout "a clue or a sword.

The structure of our mnds s just as muc a product ofevolution as our bons, gans and musces. Mind and odyevove together, and hey work together. ental paternsare geared o body form an funcions. We are bon witha network of mena incinaions which accompanid,guded and proteced us in our mulimion-year journey"up from te ape. Man's mechanisms for concepts and

emotions, as well as e ciency of his reasoing, are assrely he resus of voution as are his body rats.

The hand, for instance, was functionl way ack wenour habitat was many in trees Conemporanousy, baes probably dveloped a reex wch cased hm to


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e Lega of Instinct 5

grp wt t tir ant r n tir mtrs r t ran tt w p tm rm ling Swn w m dwn t t tr mr tn twnty

mil in yr g t an wr ry t ptng t grn n tad mrly wring tgtrr t prp nging n t mtr n tr Nwt nn prtnrp w ry t gr tn anl . t r r a l ri lp r mrp r. "Wt ll I wit my nd t yng man gng t a prty. Sin n wr

riginlly r grping ty t ry t girlwit ty prly adt t ll tt p n t lmt anyting t pti-n. mptynd i wat r yng mnnrt.

r ntr nta pttrn wi mt m in rity at t tim t grapng r w

ping t i t r lling. Wtr w ti ri rg wi i n tint r pptit i nt mprtnt lng w rgni arpi inrt ndri r ttin in t ndr ilin yr r tinry pn .

r w migt y tt tatin ar ng in gntipttrns W lrn m at tm r ti

m y . . llr 191967) ning primrrit i n mn ng aditn n gnt ng r my tr. llr rgtt rital ng in rit i y t Xry

nt t mtatin r nprt tty r r tn rl tn lp t rntn n ny yt r mr ly t nrmn

tn rn . rg t n ilg -tn t r mttin wi t innt rtri inpprprit air tr prr prn t tintn. En tg t rs mt-tin igt tnr t ni n t 1 t


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1 6 Why vzs Ds

limae resl wol be greaer aapabiliy o he envi-ronmen, since e armfl changes wol be eliminatedwile he benecial changes would be cmlative

any people have rejeced evoution becase hey haveno read enogh abo i to understan i Having hearha harmful mutations otnmber helpfl ma ions , heynd it hard to beieve a hman beings col ave evelope by evoution from less ecien creares The essenial wich hey have overlooe is ha in a ercely compeiive evolionary siaion anicappe compeitors

canno srvive f he compeition is between inividuals,e han icappe inivials are eiminated f grop cooperaion protecs those individuas for a few genera ions , hegrop iself fas vicim to he harsh compeiion

The upshot is hat wen an where evolio prevails,only he srvive ven hog many more harmflhan benecial maions appear in a species over a perio

of ime, in e long rn e species wil represen and berepresene by he benecial maions, or else the speciesiself will isappearaong wih he dodo birds

The sdy of instinc ts properly began in 859, aer ar-win had iscovered tha specie of animals evolve mearlier species an ha hman beings followe e same

awB in e 92s a few psychologis s gaine prominence

by claiming ha hman behavior is flly expaned by con-diioning Teir theory was known as Behavorism Theydemonsrae hat eoe ou be ondoned o othings they never woud have one oerwise, an heycame ha nohing comes narally

O fcorse everyboy agrees a soe conitioning enersino almos all man behavior, bt hese psychologicalramaiss mae i seem to many ta herediy plays nosignican ar a al in man 's make eople with axs ogrind have ep this mythoogy ave o he present day

any soiologists folowed he lea of he behavioris


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e ega of Istinct

pygit n it w nt n r t iprg-nt intint n i g On i-git w r grt rpniiity r t trn

w Dr L L Brnr tn t Unirity Cig pi wiy n intint n tr t rtiln t t in t 1 9 E s

Brnr nl tt intint ply prtily n prtin " t trl lnt in n ir nin r b n intint " pin ni t inrit r nrn rpn wi w

r pni pi n nit nry ti rrni nitin tt r rl t t inritni

Ein Brnr wring ring t i n in-tint i n inrit ss pi n nitnry r rgni nitin I t ppr tt in Brnrtining t rnt pt prin ntitt t

tti ty in tint rnt prt " t nry tilr rgni nitin i nt in Brnr iw prt in tint i t Cni tnt wit i st nit in in tint Brnr l tn li tt in tint li tt rn prt in ining n ir tting iin n wt i yni in rity r-ing irit

Brnr ii tr writr w "rgninitin inrit ltrl ir wit nwping ntn " printintiit gn t rr-rng tir rn lgin in t r rnitin n titt tri ri ir wirni rg n prptnt r "

t te "rntintt ey ne w

rni tt in n ing t lwtrg prt intint n t ly rp y intign t t ti ty rt tt w ti ll i nrit in l l rt tit inl prt t ri t Brnr t wp tir wr nr te rg

gp twn rlity n t try t nti


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Ciilizatios eDestct

ritarian airit m t rat t tir aian t npt nin aing nt p any npt t pain t aity nin

ty i t ign itW ant l nin an it r rtr

t ni at wr t rg ar an t aran al t t mtin mit nin an tni in t panatin air i nt t mntin t ngin wn paining t pratin an atmbil tay nin r a a gi an

mnitr r atn ar pi inrit ar tr tan t ar

al ing Sm pp a atrpia a ar in pa n m lar ar nin tat w aan inrn ar na I w aqir i t in timing tag Sna ntitt a gt angr tmny t mny n t a t t t angr

y a a itin warning manim wit na nntn alway at t ray

pi ar ar a int inti rm ag nai n t r trrr a triggr y a wi arity irmtan wi pll angr Frm t awn tim ar a a innmral ian it til

D t trrr a nigtmar a any ria al

ay i i nt t ay tat t ntnt a rama any imarity wit t nt tat initiat it Fr intan y may rtrn at t yr g rm an ntryr rm qitly an tatiy a nt t itr yrlin mmat lpr tranry pptin im ny t t at tat mting r mn it In i ram in may at t pn pn

im y a wa n nrmaly tr w a nn alarm n yr rmmat ram an praly nram a t a t wa ar t nnwn tat trigg tinr nigtmar

n tign ar a a pplmnt t intint an Lnar iat t geni in i


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Te Lega of Instnt 1 9

Evun (pp 9 6 e e o e eor o wo wapo pu wo dead pider in orge. One ooed a erorage hole hen at he pier en wen bac o e oe

and ade i larger beore aemping o pu e pider ini Aer oing he pider in e ried o coer he oewih dieren ojecta one a up o earh a ea andnay a dryer lea which wa eaier o drag A ogeher ewored an hour on he projec he oher wap craeder pider ino her orage hole wedged a ew pele onop o i puhed du oer e oohed he urace and

nied e ipod job in e inueHoboue proiiony c ti probleoling abliyo wap " e py o ineigence wihn n inc Hewrie

T an inin d wi inin ea in e w wi a aed

a a i In in in a a a ini nx and inin n i a id i a nt a a I ann idnaw ii ad anati Inin n te and ain tia ai i indin a d wi i i ad T a ni i xd inin di B inin d t in in in ad ad Z I i n wi tin

inin and a a n a i i wa inin I aend a e nxt a and dina anaiin id e ia a a ta nxa nt ima nd ein ndtd andaid t ani a i a w i in i ad akin a nd n an ni ia na and nin nd Ca a a i dnt d nd daid d nati n di diaa

The cope o reaon i ery narrow a r a ow ing onyone or wo alernaie in he een o a men impa e.Hoboe expain


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Ciiizations SeDestct

e ece . . . arses wh he spere of s c deed weca draw o sarp ad cera e bewee hem aure . . . . rs arrowy med scope, eece deas wh prox

mae eds . s expads, comes o embrace he remoer ada eh he ulmae ed o whch aco s dreced. o whs advace he power of choos he meas bes s u ed o hepurpose expads , ad e deermao of successve saes ofaco by heredary srucure smuaeousy dsappears.

And w b n inin

sc s a edur eres deermed by heredy ddrec aco o resu s o f mporace o e ora sm whoucear prevso of ose resuls .

r pr ta dntn parir ranr mn ntin i "n ndring inrt trmindby rdiy n mn wr inin litt d

wit prgramming ti prr bi tm nitining nd intlgn ak r

B w imprn r i in t "ndringintr trwi dnd md mn nd di -piin n trggring mtitin a larg prprtin t initii i i ll intini Cnin n t b-n mid r t rgly rgni n t bi

inritd impl n nging Sy

Heredy ays he foudao of our ere mea fe. eher o oy capaces fo sesao ad emoo, bu asocapaces for dnuh aayz ad combn hem . . . e have corased ellece w h sc , referro eece as he wor of he dvdua, ad o sc as

he produc of heredy . . . bu eece as a capacy s asoheredary.

y wn nitin r intign i bri ntgni t abi iy l prm I t i bd n rdiy rin ll bt it pmn i mrkdly innd


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e eac of Instinct

y enironment Wha Inelligence Quoien I showsis a comina ion of he wo If your IQ score i s ery faraoe he general aerage which is expressed as 1 , you

hae a faorale helping of oh naure and nurure In T one of he ineresing ooks pulshed yhe Life Science Lirary Dr Caherine Morris Cox hases mated he IQ scores of some of he promnen men ofhe pas Here are he op dozen

Goehe 20 Kan 75

ewon 90 uher 70olare 90 Johnson 65Galeo 85 Mozar 65Da c 80 ran 60Descares 80 ebrand 55

I shou ld like o nominae aou fy ohers for ha is

Proay you would oo And I should guess ha some ofhose whom Dr Cox suded would hae had higher orlower scores han hose she arried a

Par of he aen for problem soing is "creaiiySome psychologiss hink ha he IQ ess currenly in u sedo not measure he creaiiy funcion ery well if a a ll and hey are working on more specialized es s HoweerI eee ha creaty is useful only if i s comined wiha higher han aerage I Oherwise he creatie personis likely o ack he alance o see he longrange resulsof his creaiy whi ch may e more desrucie han construcie So I hink there is a social risk in giing speciaresponsiiies and wordwide recogniion o indiidualswhose ineigence is so narrowly concenraed ha ileaes is possessor wih an unimpressie I score

grea many emoions eong o our psychologica l reperory ecause a arious sages of our eolu ion hey haesaed lies Fear dread ahorrence reulsion dsgusanger rage hae eny greed frusraion impaience


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y Ciiizatios eestct

gri gilt rmr rpri riity y prirityinririty rpt rtin lyty ppinyrning ngr rrw lnlin rwin p-

pritin titin ing rgny rity mg-n rm grti t mt l iingntin. lit i nt intn t itr tir pri mrly rminr tt li i ry lrgly mti-t y inrit mtinn t tin triy inrit rin l. ntllign rp t ntg intintl i r t imp rn tt

il rpn grtr ril l tn rigipn.r r l rmil nm ntgni ti l-

ing wi ipp int r ri mnim - ty timlt r ntr t p r i n-gr i rt inly ling r mr l lyplin in t nt ptr n t nrinly ling

in ltr ptr Bt tir rl in iilitin


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A

u u mk hpp

he need o copanionhip deonae he inhei

ance o he ocial appeie hi eadine o aociaioni egulaly peen in he uconciou and euenlynche i way ino concioune ne nae o i i gegaioune he ae oo i ound in he wod congegaeo collec ino a oc hed a cowd

Soe chola hae eaed gegaioune a i i i onlyne ininc Such educioni i inappopiae he a

weep o he ily way i no a a he gegaiou aeao eeling coniue an aggloeaion o oiaion ohe exen o inoling a whole "inde ey lagelyou eeling a well a ou ehaio paen hae deeloped in haony wih goup liingaing any i ll iono yea eoe ou anceo wee huan eing eualconnecion and cheical ow and y in each o u

eady o gie eaning o coopeaion and goup paicipaion u eeling ange o a ild appeie o aociaion o a ece hunge o i

Dawin in hi escent an hape conideedhe ajo chaaceiic o he ocial ininc a hecalled he o e ypahy oaly ju a ipoan


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4 Wy Civilizatios eestruct

wn e gaaxy of socay nsp red eoons , are desresfor recogn on , for copanonshp and for soc a approa le are onely and unhappy wen we are by oursees oo

long e ook forward o geng back o he packOne ogrow of e soca appee s frendsp Temagazne une , 1 97) repored ha ere are 3 1 1 aphorss on frendsp n Bares Fala oaos In Benas Book of oaos feedo and lbe ogeer consued ony 1 enres we fehp ad 3 Te onlysubecs wc produced ore uoaons an frien hip

were woe love and deah I suspec ha ese sascsdeonsrae basc, nered feelngs Of he four, onydeah reecs an ego feelng o ony fehp, bu loveand woe represen, a eas n par, soca audes

caracersc closey nked o e nd and edenceof e nered naure of e soca appee s e endencyo bus A bus says e dconary, s exced by confu

son, whc ay sprng fro same gu, odesy ddence or surprse In genera we bus as a reacon oa we nk oers are nkng I suppose, snce especc pysca response s nered, e er bushngns nc woud no be napproprae

e mus examne e socal deands for aenon, rec

ognon, accepance, copanonsp and approa, andwegh he agans e ego deands for ar, waer food,war sex and seep

Bo e ego and socal deands exer a pu on conscousnes s In e process of er fumen e ego deands arouse feelngs of sasfacon The acy s uaed by e soca appee n conras s grafyng only

because proes or soud proe e prospec ofobanng ousde approa Usualy duy or "wa peope expec or "wa s good for e coege, e lgeor e naon rggers e acon, oug e acon selfmay be unpleasan


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The Social Appetite

I i n t g ling tgit i n nir i mtin It i t -ri rig tt gt it r r t r

t min ntwttning tt in t rp gimm t t l tr my tll mting t t il pptit

Snitn t mn t m t grgri I w lry gr ntiy wi th ntrmn igt t lly igtn it ni n il ltrtin ut n n t rm r pt n t

n n mr mgnti ri pnmnn it wit t n-tr ntr t yt pnnt l n t inriti rg i tt l tg ntr prn n til yy nnt t yur

ntr pt inrit i pptit i mn-trt y t ir r ppr Yr min i n y prty

yr Yr unni rng r tr min wtt prt yr min lng t th grup Y wr rntt wy Y lwy rint tr witt rin y w ry ry lnly

tg tr i nt nrily y ril in t pr y grgri mtin ril igrtly nn y uni ty n twig i w nl

twig i rpriingly trng rl n mntl t-tin wi t rrt tin inrn ri tt ty ppr in prll l tinmng mny in g t n ir n

nt p n ri tr grgripi m iy pnnt ty r yirgan i ni t pprtnity t ntin pr-tily n nt i mt a nit wit i lny i wr l in ing rgani n i min tyrt ti n b i a littl l pnnt p n ppy ny wn ing wt tr pr ing t mamm n all priat inling man


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26 Wy vzatns SeDestt

are geared o a lie coon o heir ind he proporiono lie ha i ocially oriened arie wih he pecieando a uch aller exen wih he indiidual

Suggeiiliy alo deonrae he inheriance o heocial appeie he hoe o gregariou rai i he uconciou leel o he ind A wal along a capu pah a young lady i approaching who now u cannonae a he oen ruggle o recall her nae u yena le are oo cu ered So gie he jo o y uconciou ie inue laer when a no longer hining

o her her nae " pop io y head ae and ac can e ueully recaed ou o he uconciou ee; een organizaional and aheaicalprole can e oled uconciouly hee unciono he uconciou are iporan u ince we are ephaizing gregarioune our ocu here i on uggeiiliy

here were any early pioneer in pychoogy and oci oogy who udied he ocial drie o an Aong hewere Karl earon Leer ard Guae Le on andori Sidi earon wa perhap he r o cryalize heocial appeie concepin hree udie: he Grmmar Scence ana e rm he Sandpn Scence and hehances eah

Ward in ure Sc dicued wha he caed an " ininc o race aey ou o which "al he ore iporanhuan iniuion had deeloped

he renchan Le on exained o pychology inhe sych O rw e reaed uggei i iy a a oro o pychoogy Eoion ir eaiy a ooa gaeWe i on he edge o our ea ing yel ouree hoare

and eel we hae gained a perona icory when our eaae a r down i ao he ae a a poliicaconenion We purr wih peaure in ron o our ewhen "our candidae pu down " heir candidae n hend o the o the world ade up o u good guy andhe ad guy


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Te Social Appetite

n pnic rio n rei gge ib ii i i heighI i lo preen ogh e ric eeing n bir prie

eriing epen on ggeibili e on ie oe poer o repeiion becoe one er ori on ene ogn oe i gge ion procee. "rpen here' reon e re eo olh he reon i b e b e n

n he 1950 e erne bo biin ggeionWiho or noege oe o ere ppren being

rne ino pcoogic gine pig oie heere bo e cn n popcorn heir conce-ion no brie nobo re ne h going on Ye e incree oe een percen Wenhe repor ce o peope ree b e nebe ere ogh o be gin i

Dr enjin ibe phioogi e nieri o

iorni eic ener in n rncico hoe experi-en ere repore in Scence ews Dec 30 197 heo-rize brin cii peri e ha econin orer o regier on or concione. ecric i-pe o le rion irece ino e enor corex hno eec on concione e iele ocize oor repone r. ibe reone nconcio experience

een o oe copexi be reine n ccle reex eorie o iniie ppeen or reinorceie

oiicin re ih prin o ggeibii ingognize concep o proe he beong o he her hegori een hoe n oer n he ie o no nin eir oppoiion o in e oo he he becoe

"cop ione n re rer n eer h " en recree eie e on ori ii or o The sych

Suggesn p hi epi on pnic reil n ii lroccrrence n i oci i ii "becae e i ggeibe


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Wy ivilization eetct

Stibiity g a in xpaining ad, ain andt ntai na a, happin and t m-tin and md. imiry , a mmn tait idn, and

nqnty a mmn mtd taing, bvilyan avily n tibiity. pw ggtintn inn bt in and atin, and mtim,a in ypntim , it pd t atn wit t lin.Li t ia apptt it, ggtibility rval aditary at mind.

advanta gtibil ity in vtin i it abi ity

t ind mn pn. F hntd animal tmay t t tiv atin it. F ntinanima i t may imprv th an i l. ipingxpd it , " tnt t wl i t pa and ttnt t pa i t w

n t ay tag tibii ty wih may hav bntw r t ndd miin ya a), t anin

alty wa ti in it inipint tag . Cnqnty mta-tin avab t gtibiity and ladin t nidgrp bavi wd av viva va and bmhditary. an didn t nd t ran tat pratin wap , i tiv pn mad im nly mr r m mtab.

"t i vidnt, ay Wild rtt in Iss

P , " tat t mmb t d mtp nitivn t th bavi thi w . . . .nt ny wil t individal b pniv t imp m-in m t hd, bt wi tat t d a i nmanvnmnt.

d in impin n t individa bawat t rd d , i i d n tay t a m tand-

adid bavi, rdinaiy tan t b it. nd mthn "i n t bin dn, tn th indivda wi n-maly avid ding itwit n tt a t th an wy .

n imp tid by gp tin i tnt-nd, a i t r , by t va titd . N amntr vidn i nay, ba an at pinin wi


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h S 29

keep he indiidual in line wih he herd ha an air onaliy hough i ay dier ro wha wa "righ on apreiou occaion i o coure no he ac or he op in

ion ha i inheried i he wih he drie he longingor group ancion

ypnoi oer urher proo ha he ocial appeiei inheried dicoerer wa Dr Franz Anon eerwhich i why i i alo called eeri eer wa anAurian who egan o pracice edicine in Vienna in

1 65 e wa a highly repeced and inuenial ci izen unilhe dicoered hypnoi in 1 Soon aer he Viennadical Sociey orade hi o pracice Fro Vienna hewen o Pari where he again wa uie ucceul un il heFrench Acadey o edicine orced hi ino reireen

eer had no idea o he exen o he gold ine hehad uled on e didn ' now he wa propecing in

he deph o he uconciou ha area o he ind whichi a link eween he indiidual and he group Wha he didknow wa ha he wa alleiaing he uering caued ynerou diorder

eer had he idea ha he ar exered a agneicinence on people e wondered i an ordinary i ron agne would do he ae When he paed a agne oer a

paien he paien oen ecae ore oedien Then helearned ha aing he pae wih hi hand alone hadhe ae eec i ollower laer ound ha erey ougge leep would oen upend a paien' concioune and ha order gien during a rance would e carriedou aer he rance

n the 0 ae rad a dcle o eer calledrance " hypnoi French phyician correcly cae ohe concluion ha hypnoi wa a coneuence o hyperuggeiiliy

n he early 1800 i wa und ha hypnoi couldpreen pain riih urgeon ohn Ell ioton and aedaile perored ajor operaion in which he paien


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0 vzatns SeDestt

were pu o eep by hypno i w beore e prc-ice o anehei w heard o

Ell ioon born in 1 9 1 go hi edicl degree in 1 8 .

In 1 83 1 he w ppoined roeor he Unieriy oLondon . e bece n enhuiic uden o eeriwhich he eured in h i cle nd ler ued in hopi which e ebihed in 8. e o red gzinedeoed o eeri.

Edile w born in 188 obining hi in 83.The nex yer he wen o Clcu or he E Indi Co-

pany. n 1 838 he wa pu in chrge o hopil ooghly.ing herd o Elioon wor he eerized induconic who needed pinul operion . e brough bou" copee upenion o enibiliy in he pien or heoperion nd or olowup operion wee er. Aer creu ine igion he governen pu opia hi dipo where nie i n eerized pien

under hi uperiion . In l dile perored pinle oper ion h iel nd uperied any oher . Aerchoroor nd eher ce ino ue ou 1 850 hypnoih been ued ony rrey n neheic.

y w hypnoi o eecie? hen he ego phe oind i dorn he oci pe h onopoyhe runo he oue.

Arui noher ce o he gregriou urge inoledoing oehing or he bene o oher. i on he eorder unelhne. hen child hre hi precioucndy wih chooe e c i rui ic. Arui can on occion dend he o eriou crice. Thoughere y be no direc urvivl lue or he doer in he

exree or o l rui e wiingne o ri deh orhe bene o oher incree he chnce o uri ochidren wie nd elow ciizen. he hero wheher heurie or no i wy he ojec o dulion. n nyce whenee oeone i hi lie or anoher he egodrie clhe wih e ocil incinion wih he reu ha


38/205

Te SoCal Apptite

e erd eeing uperee e wi o urie and e wio aoid pain

ober Ardrey reay a repor ro Eugene arai o an

een in a roop o 300 baboon which he aer ad beenudyng or hree year A du a leopard wa aing iie cooing i dinner ro e cornered and erriedroop Aoug a baboon ha no chance a a in a gwi a eopard wo ae baboon crep o a a edgeabou wee ee aboe e predaor and uddenydropped on i One ried or e roa e oer or e

pine A a ro e eopard ind caw rippe opene body o e baboon oding on o i roa an iee ore ooe e oer one o baboon were iedin econd u e one a e eopard roa a reaced

e ju gular ein and e predaor died wi i i ci

ennyon e o oe aruiic rii odier in "earge o e ig rigade and an aweoe eaure o

World War II wa e perorance o e aiaze o eJapanee Air orce e uicide acic o e aer wa heo draaic exape in odern ie o group oeriuping oer e oe

he Street joa Oc 1 3 1 97 repored a in ea ix yeig year e arnegie ero un Coiionad aware mea and ca payen oaing 1 i

ion o 939 eroe or eir aiie ix ineigaorearce eery repored cae o eroi in gra deaie ocia appeie wa noiceabe in e reacion o winee o ac o eroi he oiion ai ey oenexpreed a ene o gui or no aing aced eee

ince arui i one o a woe array o ineri ed driei ay be uerged in oe circuance y oher ee

ng A rinceon Unery Dr John Darey and Dr Danie aon e up an experien in ic ory eoogica uden were aed o prepare a or a Eeryeen inue one uden wa od o go o anoer uid ing o ae i peec recorded On e way e paed aan y ing in an a ey an acor wo wa groaning and oan


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2 y vzato ns Se-Destct

g eeg o be gea ol he seso o e?

Te ses wee e o ee gos Each s

e he s go ws o o e s me geg ohe ecog sesso embes o e seco go wees ce o hy Those he h go wee o eywee e h o sh

sm cme o ly ooo o he me echse ws ge o ee s scee I he s gosxyee ece soe o e e seco go

oye ece he e ece

Coscece ohe o he my comoes o gegosess s "e sll smll oce he he's moo oe ' s m I oces e l o hee hess a objeces o e go mes im eelgly he ees Coscece yo oo e

dcoay "geelly ees o e eeg o sscoo ol h ollows aco ege s g eee g o s s sco o emose esl g om wogcoc

o o yo coscece s seco sel moehoobe se e ego Te s s yo socalsel he ego by comiso s moe ec wmsc

soeos oisy emg ecbe Iclms moe eo seems o wo wo sysemo l

Te coes o coscece e o eed hebeo eemes o " ce coscece e oely ogmme eeiy oes sy s ese o ee goo sag w e go I e go

sdas e xe comlce s objece o e soc se Sce e bss o moly s he go coe heody ocem s he coscece

Hee mg be e cos oose oome by e ego e oe eee s e sl i ohe wos "coscobe Tese e jg


40/205

Te Sa ette

mens are easy ae o members of an ogro c-ions sose o be beneca o n ngro are nerreed as goo

Goo an evil, righ and wrong, een largey on grosandars Someme, since he alrisic drve s aryrece by reason, wha s goo or bad deens on heecs ons of nvas Gro sanars were eveloedrng wo nre mon yers n whc eah senenceswere hane o by e er or e envronmen o oseransgressors wo reae e coe oo gy evaon

from he gro aern rese n loss of gro roec-ion, whic was freqenly anamon o oss of feonseqen y, afer a l s me none of s is born wi hogrea sensvy o he coecve scernmen of sociey .

egon s rooe n an receves s norsmen fromor soca nclnaons The fac a regos y , s a sycho-

logical rai , is n iversa s e bes evence a s ran arcel of or biologcal heriage

an as an ndivda s an feels incomle e. He seemso sense e fac a he never cold have become man bymsef, ony n cooeron wh s rbesmen . he ribehas been s e er, s rner, s roecor and s com-anon. His mos nense esres, vage s ey are, ve

een for he aenon, he arova, e comanonsan he symahy of he rbe.These eeseae feelngs, rmly engrave on every-

man ' s genec coe, were here for mllions of rial years ,remn as we as man ny evan who did no longfor e comany of s feowmen was n anger. harshenvronmen wo qcy an en o m an e wol

leave no osrng o ass on s aberron o sbseqengeneraions Ony hose mrne wh e soca ae esrvve. nd hs became an negra comonen of eman conion.

Regon w as orgnay he feeng of graica ion of henva for e benes receve an o be receve from


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3 hy vztns eestt

the trie And it i oth a ajor ipeentation o theocia drie and the dynaic drie o the ego tria duaity t ere aong wi th the other ocia eeing a a aanc

ing actor or the aggrandizing drie which arie ro thee

Lie wa tria during i ion o year o hoinid eoution during which reigion wa interwoen with eery apect o ie The edicine an wa the high priet preiding oer cereonie and ritua which the trieen etwere iportant though they coud not hae expained why

Modern reearcher uuay thin o reigion a a tructureo upertition They cannot ee to get it into their headthat it priary unction wa to eep the trie unied

n ater tie trie recognized in with other trieand expanded into ocia unit nown a ciiizationThen a nowedge ecae peciaized and ore copex i t diorced ite ro reigion hioophy eparated

ro theoogy econoic ro phioophy ocioogy roeconoic Specia in teret group o a thouand arietiewere ored An indiidua ight e attracted y and hioyaty xed on a gang cu raternity or aociationpreure group corporation aea tea cientic ociety reoutionary "oeent poi tica party proinceor region Today ot peope ee a coon ond with

at eat two or three uch ocia unite igion i aout a that ha coe down to u ro tria

i e , ro the ong orgotten day when the oyaty o eer wa undiided The od tria unction are now theegay o our oca u u uto ue ariage and unera and ot ipotant o a eowhip

We ut purue the reation o reigion to the ocia

order a i tte urther We a aguey undertand the tateent that "the ingdo o God i within you Thi iaot the ae a aying that a ery iportant pat o ui not on center tage

The e i oten conidered y reigiou teacher a aoi They preer to appea to the ocia ide o the ind;


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Te ocia Aeie 35

o he dese fo compaoshp, aeto, accepace,ecogo ad appoa o ou eed o e someodywhat s o ed up sde of us o he dese o e ad

o "eog hey aso pay o ou coscece ad ouasm y aeaey appeag o ou " ee scs ,prasg the res o epeace ad chd g ad epmadg us fo ou ss

usm ad coscece ae essea ud g ocs ofego og thgs fo ohes s ge emedo mpoace most deomaos A peso oted fo hs

asm s hogh of as "good, ee f he eogs o aeet deomao he famous poem of Legh Huexpesses a wdey hed a de:

Aou Ben Adhem may his trie increase!)Awoke one nih from a deep dream of peace ,And saw, wihin the mooniht in his room,

Main it rich, and e a iy in oom,An Ane writ in in a ook of od:xceedin peace had made Ben Adhem od,And o the Presence in he room he said,hat writest thou?" The Vision raised its head,And with a ook made of a sweet accordAnswered, The names of hose who ove the ord."And is mine one?" said Aou ay, no so,"

eplied h e Ane Aou spoke more ow,Bu cheeriy stil and said, pray thee, then,rite me as one tha loves his felow men"

The Anel wrote, and vanished The next nihtt came aain with a rea wakenin lih,And showed he names whom ove of God had lessed,And lo! Ben Adhem's name ed al he re !

Ehe ecy dus, foude of he atoa ReedTeaches ' ssocao , has sad, The ofes am of humaf s uselsh sece o ohes uch of he wsdom ofhe pas coeys ha hough "Le he wse ma showfoh hs wsdom, o wods u good wos "By


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3 Why vzns ees

charity were a the eect of God ade perfect: Without itnothing i peaing and acceptae in the ight of God Ea Wheeer Wicox put i t thi way:

S , S ,

Sir ichard Steee who died in aerted "The noet otie i the puic good Wiia Wordworthwrote in :

H

Oier Godith copiented a pator in thee ere:

V

H x S , ,

,E

icero reared "The diigent huandan panttree o which he h ie wi neer ee the ruit oertooed orn in aid

D

orace ann had thi adice "e ahaed to die unti you hae won oe ictory or anind

Were unt Andru Wicox Steee Wordworth Go d


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Te ocial Aetite 3

sh ceo oomed ad a speakg egosyo cafyg ha aspec of he heed soca mpsewhch s as The aswe s oh sc hoghts

ad deeds ae oshoos of ego ad e go as we haesee does o come fom o hgh fom he gees

Of cose hee s a cea "egous pzzeet adawe a he powe of eeccy ad gay at he spgof he paes ad he dg ghg ad ee hecodooded pocess of eoo hese ae odeeed o e he wok of he pesoa ad pesoed

God he God of oe fom whom a essgs owIt may e had fo s o adm u he dscaeexecse o kdess ca ecoage oag o wogdog We a hae dtes o oy o ddas u o he socasce ha sees s ad case of coc he socasce s e ge poy Ucodoal chay topeope who ae a de o socey s he sdos des c

o of socey Thee shod oy e chay whe doeso cease he eed fo chayIf we ook a socey as a whoe we w see ha s ased

agey o expectaos ehaps ths s o he gh wodecase he wod "expecaos mpes cosc os acpao wheeas he as c feegs whch cope he soca appee ae he scoscos ad aey se o

coscosess excep whe somehg goes wog Theoe s hee s' ay wod whch exacy epeseshe psychoogca compoe of socey poay ecasehe sucoscos aspecs of md hae o ee sdedeogh o deeop a appopae ocaay

eeheess soca sctue s esseay a scoscs cset he md whch whe t coes

cscouses s ges he mpesso of a expecao sde haay comes o schoo a wo mes efoeegh d he "expec hs eache o e hee aeady Ifyo asked he wd hae sad yes I ealy howee heeache had o ee o hs md yo asked o t he dscoeed ha she was ot hee!


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Civiizations SeDestct

W knw that th airlin lrk will b whr h i up-p t b whn w g t buy a tikt; t hat an r willb at th pli tatin whn w phn; that th r part-

mnt will m t ur burning h whn w all ; that thnwpapr will b n r rnt lawn by i k; tat,i w n a hk t th inuran agnt, ur bank wi ll t it that th apprpriat um i tranrrd rm r aunt t th inuran mpany aunt. W knw thting. Bt thy ar nt in ur nin . W implytak thm r grant. mthing hul g wrng, hw-

vr, w rai a rakt. W nvr mi t watr till thwll run ry.Fatri, arm, thatr, TV ntwran thir pr-

nnlar all part th ial trtur. On thm whav dvlp a trng pyhgial pnn whihw an n as ptatin, vn thgh thy ar nlyin r bniu.

Sial trutr, whih want bilt in a ay, untinbau ppl willingly t in an prat. It rt nth habit an ptatin whih ml an iniv ial t thytm an th rlt nitining. Bt t bai l-mnt th habitand th bai undatin thwhl ial trturar th primary mtivatin , whihar inhritd.

hugh ial trtr m rt ha bn prntin al l grup living, a mpl ia l ytm i nary riviliatin, whih dpn n intllign, anthr git hrity. nvntin rqir intllign; th ivi in labr, th han rut an rvi , an thvarity thr prur an pr typial m-pl ial rganiatin

h ial apptit la t rr. mng r pr-hman antr ympathy an th ir r ial ap-prval ma mutual ai an pratin th rl, lngbre th human min ha aquir th apability r


46/205

Te Socia ppetite 9

ogc esog Cooeo ecio o oeece he ge o l cio

, my be s, hese lmos e ocesse he

l' s m e o exe com sos wcheee w eeom Ye, hese socy oee e-s s e e bss o ge ooo o csoms ws y s ey e czo eqes mosessys emc bes o mses , bes wc eomy ccee ess o eoe e e, o ms e,o be ee ey beog o ee soc o o be ee

hose wo ece he ess e oses We c ee ose he e o eeom e ey becse

s essei o se e bee o hs ohe ose o i o ogze hs beho o be elyes c bo eeom, we ms h o i mx osoc execos, csoms sos

Ag , o m c be wholy ee Co yo b e ee o

e yo c ow he e sie o e cee e o eo? yo coscece o oce oce ' so yo ,yo wol obby be moe seeey ese by e-o colso A y ee yo eeom wo be eyshoem

Oe soc eos ws obby ecee by o

ccome by oe ms The sbcoscos ee o he b soes mzg

mbe o cs es B s oy soehoses wosho As cs ccme om yoy ex-eece, hey e me ogehe somewh o-ey so Te ego oes he sog ogzgom s m oce o cee sge, ems o m

cossecy clsscos cocsos I ees olebe sowg o oe, b obby ee qe mes-es o s e e Howee, we he omoeches he s g o coscosess, he sembce o oemes s ee ese wee o he co g cs


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4 Wy Cvzaton eDetruct

cade o ew ad dsug happegs comg o ou ae o we wod eoy a modeaey sa syg fam omd

Bu he po s ha he sugge fo desadg goeso ee whe we ae o coscous o . Paaes pay apa. Somemes we hae eees. e m oe wha wesa d ad wha we coud o shoud hae sad . O we egage aases whch o magay oe s moe asfygha o acua pefomace he scoscous md whpoddg fom he ego eeps ace o ee comg o

a f sop whe we ae aseep ac may e hapocess g ew expeece s a egua uc o of s eepas auomac a uco as he dgeso o ood

eoo cos s ecy ad odey hough hae sa aue he same way ha owedge has F g heacs ogehe coec paes fac aes appopae aco ad eaco .

e hae ow examed a ume o feegs whch es wh ohe peope. e hae a huge fo compaoshp o edshp o aeo o accepace oecogo ad appoa. e wa o e wad oedad appecaed. e hae he ha o dugg sympahy a sm ad mmcy. e hae a coscece ad we

ae poe o fea oy ad a ds o sggesy hse des mpses ad emooa saes ad as suppo he oposo ha we hae a heed soca appe e

Hopeuy y hs me we w agee ha o soca appee s as y ae us as s ae aoos chmpazees sheep hoses ad hoeyees s we ae ed o

show s o a s ge moa g foce u a whoe eaad chemca moag sysem.Fay was ecause o he soca appee ha c za

os came o eg ae we w demos ae ha asodsoys czaos.


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Cpt c: ool of ocly

Speech cvaton zte The wor even the ot contrcto wor pree contact-t ne whch oate

Thoa Mann

Te wold s bee doce by e eedybeo s s o oy yes Tey e ee cesed eeg eedy s lmos o lce m beo

eson bees descely e cses e solelyeonmenl heir eoy lees o room o eog mos miss e bon o mde eeoeseems ore is on o oe ddol edence eedy odes e godwo o cl z o nd by gog eedy m s g s ow des c o.

I s o s edece we w s o eoo seec wc wold e d o co wodee e deeloed exce o e soc e e. Hg o sl e o e soed dd seome sec s mny mo o e go s cooee eos Te cy o seec wold oe bee bed o m b coess m os seecd d o need moiionl srce. Te c s esocl ee ms e creed edess o commnco commce cl s mly coed meedy s e ocl cods d e oge.


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4 Wy Cvlzaton e-Detrut

Faoae soca atdes aeady xed heed ea pa tes ms hae ee he oshg max whched o he spead of matos codce o speech Whch

soca audes Fedess ad coopeao o amewo They wod eec he hge fo cmpaoshp heyeag fo appoa he asc edecy ad mayohe aspec s of he soca aea o the md

Whe dd yo acestos ea o ak Mss Jae Goodas wok fo he aoa Geogaphc

Socey has ee wdey pczed pacuay he sdy

of he ehao of chmpazees (Scece News Lee Mach, 96) She fod ha chmpazees commcae ymeas of moe ha wey oce sod s s ma ac yms hae ee deeoped y o emoe acesosSpeech mpes he ay o hgs ees ad acs ocea caegoes he aty o hk o oy of pacaems aso of casses of ems whch ae epeseed

y symos wod s a symo ad a eas some of hewey dsce sods of Jae Gooda s chmpazeesms hae symozed a sc foms of acos o asc k dsof hgs Some cod hae ee emooa symos schas excamaos of joy o fea )

O acesos wee o ye hma egs whe heycame dow fom tees moe ha wey m o yeas ago

I ha ogago ea hey wee poay o ee apesjs chaeg mokeys O oce sods ms haes aed whe we wee s ee dwees Ths seems keyecase mos eahod ceaes sked exemaof hey aoced he pesece wh sods Oy ospeca occasos do defeseess god amas se sodsgas

The edece s sog ha he ape whch eoed oma was a eas o f pey whose sa was o edageedy oa expesso Raymod a Aves wh hessg Lk Roe dey Afca Geess ad esmodorrs n The Nake Ae agee ha concso Mos


50/205

eec: te Too of ociaity 4 3

speech mutatos poay paaeed he deeopmet oaggess

I coast wth goud dwees ds ae extemey

oca hey ca aod to e ecause they ca y away omthe dage tha t te sog tes Euay oca ae somekds o mokeys ees pode saety om maadgtges ad othe age esh eaes u ow deeopmeto speech mgh ee hae s tated ou acestos had otspet a ew mo yeas tees hee s a good chacethat eoe they moed pemaety to the goud hey

wee aeady usg a ew meagu soudspoaymoe tha the e that peseday gos hae admoe tha the twey sed y chmpazees

Each successe s tage o commucao has ee es se ta to ou tasto to huma status Judso Heck Th Evoo of a Na (p 5 has ths to sayaout the mpotace o speech:

This abii y to counicate wih ohers hrough the ed iu ospoken or wrien words , pictures , and other obec ve sybosis the basic acor o an s superioriy over a oher v ing crea-ures

uch o ou thkg s symos may wods he

eecte appcato o symos eues tegecewhch theeoe has a cose to aguage t a cetastage the tas to om the dum ama ee a ewdduas ou acesta goups ad ate a maotycoud th we eough to e cassed as huma egsoud we ca the sow eaes the ght tes hmatoo wee some memes o a te huma whe othes

st acked he uacas I o the way up some dduas wee huma ad some wee ot he the samesuato may app y o the way dow!

It s we ecogzed tha sce coopeato s a maoacto sua o a cos deae peod dug the de


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44 W Cvzatons eDestt

eopme of speech coece aco wh ohes ushae goe had had wh he deeopme of egece he coeco ewee hese paae ocueces

s he comed eec o sua A faoae muao poemso g a y woud ead o moe eece coopeao f aguage wee aaae o tasm deas

Ths does o mea ha he o oday he mos ege peope wee o ae he smoohes aes Ite gecehad sua aue apa fom pomog coopeaoWhe ea mechasms whch seem to hae paced he

poemsog ay fo a few ceues had ecomecommo o paccay a mad muaos eeca oe gece appeaed ohe poemsog aeas

Speech depeded o aous muaos ogue psayx phayx ad oca chods We ea aou suchmaes aeo oos The Og of aces. Some ofhese muaos occued ou moey sage some afe

we ecame apes ad some s e we o mos of us ecamehuma

Two oos ae especay usefu fo udesadg hepheomeo of speech Bologcal Fodaos of LagageyEc Leeeg ad Speech ad Ba echass y Wde eed ad Lama Roes

As hese auhos po ou he machey of he mds ey specazed Ba ces wh esposes fo aemedous aay of specc musce moemes ae ppoed cea aeas Ee memoy s sepaaeyoaed Oe aea e a s eseed fo ememegexpeece aohe fo ememeg a cocep whch esus fo expeece I oh cases whe we spea of

memoy we mus aso ude ememeg he wod owods ha desce he expeece o he cocep osequety a a juy may eae he cocep of "ueu o he ae

The e of ames s appay ces of he domahemsphee whch fo mos of us s he eft sde of he


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See te Too of Soiaity 45

a Thee ae hee ma speech aeas, oe o hemeg ea he ea o he doma empoa obe A em-poa oe eaches om aou a ch ad oehaf fowad

om he opeg of he ea o aou wo ches o he eaof the opeg of he ea ad a ch aoe A he otom,at abo ut he ee o he ea opeg he audoy caa the tempoa obe cues ude eed desces hetmpoa oe o he doma sde as he epeaecoex whee easog takes pace

ot oy memoy bu easog speech ad wg ae

sepaaey pogammed Wg, of couse, oes acompeey dee se o symos ha he soud symosof speech Each caegoy eues myads of ees Attag, some o he coecos ecome auomatc

Iege speech eues ha coscousess sectcoceps om a s oed aay The ees epese g thechose coceps shu eegy o ees maagg he co-

espodg wod paes As eed says, "Oe mussuppose ha he esua acao o each coceptgs up u he pae of coespodg wods yaced auomac eex aco The he coscosesssys em " seds foh he paeed seam of mpuses thaed speech o wg

As we coue o uoe om eed, e eady o

"ceecephac sysem Tha s hs em o coscous-ess

Recepon of speech ples a reverse process : senn ospeech or readn a book woud send a srea of aerent pulses own nward over he audory or he vsual roue,hrouh he rans n satons of the corex, nto the cenrencephalc syst e ro here he strea ust soehow exer

s paerned eect upon he speech echans of the donanhesphere Ganlonc counterpars of he words are hus ac vaed n the speech echans As each word copex s husactvaed , wakens , by ts own autoac reex, he correspondn concept Thus , we have coe around a crcle whch dependson he reex connecon of each word or successon of words


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6 hy vztons SeDestct

wi a ndin n T nnin wn ani and n ani i idn xand aai

Te boogc orsm "Oogey rees yogey mes e eelome o e l rees or smmrzes e s ory o e seces o wch e l s member I woer e mg o gge w e sim eos grow o e boy rsmy be ey o he img o seec eeome e

eoo o or cesors Te rs ws erec e ge o bo yershorly eore he ogrows sby legs Some cre wor sos re her soo erccorg o e rwigs ymo rs Advenureswh he ssng nk Aphecus seems o e ssee byegge sge es mlo yers go

Erc . Leeberg coces e c s b ly o

orm coces eeos o srrsig exe beoreseec Corresog eeomes msce erecces memory movo re me he smeme

I s coeco eresg exerme wh chimzee ws coce by e Grer ericeT Grer o e ersy o Ne Te wo sycoo

gss g soe er cmzee e Srmerc Sig Lgge se by e e ge eWsoe ws sg 3 sgs somemes grog wo ormore sgs o me megs Amog oer gs selere o me herse res o s or owers swees bes o ologze or msce oe cces

Wsoe ws er rserre o cm cooy er heUersiy o Olom reserc rogrm crgeo r Wllim Lemmo r oger os y 972Wsoe see ew 2 sgs

oer chmzee L Yeres rme Ceer oEmory ersy commce by mes o secl


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eec e Too of ociaiy 4

pushey compue cosoe of seeye symos aaeaed a seeye hough oy hee yeas od , shewod as fo a aaa o ohe food, fo musc, ad fo

moo pcues o ge a espose o he reues s , she hado pu hem seece fom s ag wh he symo fo"pease

he soy o f Laa s coued Reae Dges Oc 1 975 a ace

"Th Ape ha as wh eope Shewas e yeas od y he "esh , he agage of symos de sed fo he u ses dee coos dee pos

os a acaed y pushuos o eyoads I hecompe aguage, Laa demosaes a mea gasp adesoucefess fa exceedg he expecaos of psychoogs uae Rumaugh who has chage of he pogram ad mohy V G, oe of Laa s eaches I mayways she s moe e ge ha eaded ddua s of hehuma speces

he epos o Washoe ad Laa each us how eycapae of czao huma egs woud e whouspeech

Wha I hae we aou speech ad he heed so ca appe whch rough o eg shoud o ecosed as dowgadg eome as a cause of spe

c c huma ehao Ae Aasas eme FodhamUesy psychoogs, was gh he saeme haeery ac s a esu of heedy ad eey ac s a esu ofeome o dda coud e wha he s o do whahe does whou he uece of oh o socey coud ewha s o do wha does whou he uece of oh My emphass o eedy hs oo ms e udersood

as a cosuce ad ecessay eaco o he o eaceof he ehaorss who hae amos succeeded makgheedy a l ega fom of scec sudy

A hs po we w eed oe moe chape o se heheedy ecod s agh Soca moaos ae o whouhee oudaes


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Chapter oss o Socl A

You ought to Jee the human ooIzthi U caged ad hi.The Ego : perched po a perh,Beeath it iJ the !

The Soul iJ baJkig J!eepily,The PJyche makeJ a jUJCome Jee the oo but whe you doDo 't feed the A mU

Richard A our

Fo ma mllos o ears he soca mpses oacesos' a ces wee ehaced ad eed hewowg o o memes who had s aed om th ehe gop eelgs o hose who sed wee heesegtheed. Whe hee was a dso geea

de o the me o tesme exceedg he oca oodspp he gegaos as wee caed oer segh o he ew e.

eeheess ae og eas of sepaao whe memes o he od ad ew es me he me a s s ages I a ha me ood was aa scace the aso met ascompeos ad ma sces as eeme.

Eea hee wee "o gop ad "he gop s gops ad ogops wegops ad hegops I agop made o dsco etwee "s ad "them wa s cowded awa om he es soces o ood ad had


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Constints on te Soia Aetite 49

lss cnc f svivl e ws littl, if ny, svivlvl in ttins tt bdnd t scil iplssbynd t nl gp. Cnvrsly, cpt f cc-

sinl tibl cnfdtins in t vent f widspedw, t ws svivl vl in intining t ingp sclsivitynd ping t tgps t.

s pvisly s ttd, l l f ncsts vltinylif s pits ws tibl . t ns ill ins f ys ftibl livingndds f tsnds f gnrtins ndll t wil tins dvlpd ccrdingly . swping

indlinss ll nind wld v d n srvivlvl. ctlly it wld v psed its pssssrs tgt dnges.

S intllignc cntind t inces bcs it slvdpbls, wic tndd t lngvity nd t pcr-tinl ti spn f ts w pssssd it. t lst ncqid ng pblslving bility t s t dvn-

tgs f t divisin f lb nd te ptics nd pc-sss tt p civilitin. Civilitin, tgtc f t wld, pt n end t tribl living, wic dbn t tnity wd f t sil pptit.

g civilitin d id nt cnge initd divs ndtivtins, it did pit, tg s f pvisly c-qid intllignc bdend pplictin f t scil

iplssbt n by n ns bdnd t t xtntf fly sbstitting "nind f t tib. pp-tin ppl w d frindly feling f s tngs st il lind vey sll. nly cntly v w tid t lyn sn t sftn t cde f nity.

syclgicl bs tcles b ven fidbl s tndd sci nits wr sbstittd tibs.

cnty wit s ny diing ppltin gps s tUnitd Stts s t licit ptitis lgly by lying nwt dy l ls " itil Iptiv . Vy lit tlptitis cn b vd by scil ppls

Bt i f tibl s itt in sld cr, t sldinglylty f illins f ys bsts int . b y is ls t


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5 Wy Cvzatons SeDestrut

in the orest? Policemen, oy cots, The aional Gardthosands of volnteer " tribesmencomb the area, andbring him home. ix inces o rain ood the lowands and

threaten the ves of the inhabtants . Local Lochinvars andoahs bring horses and boats to the resce. he eeingo comradesip engendered by sch cr ses ca only be described as an explosion of te smoldering tribal spirit.

ormay, what we have "in or bones or s trangers ishosti li ty . We eel i t in dierent degrees for orein nat ions .And we have the same eelings of distrst or varios

grops o ots iders, even or indvidal s trangers . he socia side of mind, as it developed, never opened wideenouh to inclde a members of or species . e morepeople diered rom the ingrop norm, the more certainthey wold be classied as aens and otsiders.

"Conscousness of kind, a concept developed by sociologist Frankln Giddings , was a ashionable phrase in the

eary years of tis century. It as a measre of validty, andhelps cariy one o the most importan res traints on gre-gariosness. It means that even sch "loose associationsas contry cbs and s cientic societies are based on eelings of excusvity and sameness .

he London Secao ly 5 197 asserted " en arenot ndenitely gregarios by natre, but are familial and

triba. y and large they like and preer the company otheir own kid. The artcle then went on to state "it isairly certan there are dis tinctive dierences between etnic and racia grops wich can be categorized in terms o gene pool. '

In this connecion the colmnist evin Pillips (ay 6,1973 points ot that Erope is having is own ethnc

pheava. ot only in orthern Ireland, bt n cotland,Wales, rittany, the asqe provinces, Caaonia, Aosta,rentinoAto Adige, ra , Asace, elim and Carintiaminorities and provincials are pshing increasingly or ethnic recognition and identity. ribal pychology is al ive andkicng.


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Conin on e ocia Aeie 5

r hereditary social appetite, as we have seen, is sweep-ing and intense. it was born, and so ar has spent theoverwhelming proportion o its existence, in tribal grops ,

in which likeness was the signa or amity and acceptance ,and dierence the signal or hostility Consciosness okind involves an assmption that physical similarity is ac-companied by a similarity o attitdes

For ins tance, a mother o hree is likely to notice that thetwo children who are nearest in age oten orm a partner-ship which excldes the third. Age discrimination is also

likely to occr in later stages o lie Consciosness o kindseems to be the most reasonable explanation

A yoths close association with other yoths reslts ina " generation gap between him and his parent s. The gapis now mch wider than ever as a conseqence o the in -creasing complexity o social environment, gorication othe ego and sensationalized teevision programs.

Consc iosness o kind oten redces to consciosness o dierent attitdes The parentchild schism is a typicalcase Richard Armor gives the problem a light toch

Pleasa ompay Acceped

I ow wa maes a ood compaioO moua op or i a cayo

v room hoe or barerever such compaos areA pares are a pares sma Or jus he wo of usa' s all .

Ad ere resolvi your cofus os my remarabe coclusio:Te people I mos e o e wih

Are ose I've foud wom I aree wi.

Attitdes are oten in conict with attitdes and emo-tions wi h emoions Fear may command yo to rn away,bt hnger says no, yo can' t go yet Freqently ego eel-ings are antagonistic to social dictates Ego says, "These


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y Civilizaions SeDesc

expenses wold look reasonable or ncome tax prposesi I doube tem. Conscience te socia monitor, responds "o' l do it over my dead body . Ego says , "at

tras container s orty yards rom ere so I'll jst dropths pop bottle on the awn. Conscience says, "o ltterbg.

t the bg battlegrond s were all te concting commands are socialy motivated. ark wain et pangs oconscence when he ed a worthess beggar, bt hs conscence rt worse when e trned the beggar away.

r crrent cvzaton is overloaded wth a mlt ip ctyo beavor codes many wdey derent and mos t o temclasing Some ndividals, as they lose themselves n amaze o conct ng doctrine, cannot make p ther mindsabot anyting and are swayed by amost every sort oexternal nence. thers make p ther mnds too ickyand are erce protagonsts or cases wich may be o vital

importance or may amont to noting at all. t the worto te case does not matter. They are part o an ngrop.hey belong

Few people know very mc abot ther own pet "case(or any oter). any who camor or change are realydemanding more leeway or the egocentrc drves tey cal l"reedom. They want greater enency or robbers dope

peddlers , rapis ts and mrderers on the grond tat socetymade them wat they are. Society srey has something todo wth ts man end prodcts. t watever te caseo alty behavor, oenders mst be pnshed. Pnisment, i romt and severe, s a very imortant conditionng inence on potential lawbreakers. Forgiving crmna behavor is an nvitaton to repeat sch behavior.

Integence acts as a reeree or eelings. In a normalarray o att tdes we are bascay hostile to any chalengesto or o oe is ostty s overcome and sppressed by gregarous drives wic can be described as therondng ot o te ncomplete individa by association


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Constints on te Socia Appetite 53

wit oters. ut gregariousness i s normay mi ted by con-sciousness o kind.

Reasoning plays a contin ing part n te workng out of

bot socia and secentered drves In a person o igintelgence, reason oten suppresses direct emotiona re-sponses or nds a more acceptable and more ogical reac-tion

If amity is to be extended beyond te scope o as socia -tion, ether geographicaly or to a dierent group witinte community, reason has to do the job wit very tte

support rom innate emotons and impuses e assumpton tat a men are broters may be factua , if we go farenoug back in heredity ut they are no onger memberso te same tribe, and so cannot be expected to act asmembers of te same tribe Most people, in unamarrelationships , cannot pedge allegiance to an abstract socastructure or to an alien ideoogy If you understand a per-

son, we are tod, you will consider im a friend. is ap-pens rarely. More reqently, to understand a person maylead to fearing or dis iking im .

In a civizat ion, and especially in a complex civiizat ionin wich conditioning inuences are legon, our interpreta-tion of our surroundings is ikey to diverge from tat oour neigbor e may gravtate to one ideoogy, we to

anoter. e biggest erd is te natonal government isay incude a vast array of sberds, many of tem dis-cordant. ur standards and or conscence will probabyderive rom one of te sma erds.

e more compex te arge group becomes, te moreponts of dierence will arise between it and the memberroups. e more unctons e bi erd assumes, te

more its members wi become captive mebers, and teore tougtcontro is key to be exercsed by te bgerds leaders

In sc manner our socaled "Federal governmentamsnomer in an age o cenralizaonusrps more powerand unctions , and it s citizens become increasingy res tless .


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Wy Cvlzatons Sstct

o bring tem vountarily into ne the government exercises greater inuence on our educatonal system as tspends a larger proportion o our income he USSR as

a system of toughtcontrol tat supports its totatarianfnctions e United States is proceedng rapidly in thesame directon . resent pressure on our scoo s or racialintegration is a typica example.

e ageod abit o personalizing government temptspeope to prase or bame our potca leaders or everyting that appens . The trut is tat our eaders may acce

erte o r retard cange , but ncreasng popuation and morenvolved uman reationsips are two of te cie reasonsfor cangeand tese automaticay requre greater curtailment o personal decisionmaking Since the compexityo government is now beyond te compreensio o average citzens, democracy s sure to ade Some visionarieswould centraze government even furter, advocating a

word state ey do not perceive te straigtjackets thatgo with such dreams

S o uneqivocally does civilization depend o n menta attributes tat te subject deserves furter study hs farwe ave seen that gregariousness, wic evolved througmilions o years o erd and triba assocation, maintans

a bondary, an outer edge at whic social drves cease tooperate oward persons otside the tribe , a eeng ofs spicion , if not ostility, is normal

Antropoogist s and etologsts ave buit up a considerabe li teratre on the subect o agressn to suort theconcusion that ereditary social impulses are imited tondvidas wo are in acetoace association.

Aggress ion is te tendency to qeston or callenge thecaims o others , eiter by cometition or vioence It maybe expressed by singe individuas, by teams or by armies

I s agression condit ioned or does it sprng directly fromheredity? e answer is that t s very cose to te egocompartment o the mind, though when dispayed by


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ntnt n te S Aette 55

group t alo ae ue o the cooperate echan othe ocal pule n o ther word there can e an d oten cooperaton wth aocated nddual n aggree ac

tty agant other nddual or groupPronent aong anthropologt and author who haeconcluded that aggreon an nherted dre are KonradLorenz o Autra o nergen o olland AnthonyStorr o England and oert Ardrey o the Un ted State

n h oo Huma Ageio Storr wrte that a chld haoettng tendence One tendency to clng to t

other he oett ng tendency to "explore and aterthe enronent he latter the aggree trat and tgradually reult n ndependence ro the other Storrwrte that uch tendence oewhat oded pert nadulthood eng ocal a peron need other huan eng On the other hand he ut preere h denttyConeuently explorng the enronent and preerng

dentty are oth expreon o the aggree dre n eect Storr ayng that the ere act o do ng oe-thng ndependently a charactertc o aggreon euote D nncott who wrote "At orgn aggreene alot ynonyou wth actty

S torr thn o pote uncton o aggreon a: ( thepacng out o populat on; 2) exual elec ton ; 3) deene

o the young; 4) etalhent o ran; 5 etalhento order; (6 oercong otacle; 7 atery o the external world

ncdentally the recognton o the chld nna te tendency toward ndependence doe not ply that there anythng enecal aout parental perene hechld ha to learn tha here ae li o hi owe whle

h parent hae to cur h exploation o h own aety parent ecoe ue the chld wll no longer econnced " that h arent ae ale to cope oth wth theworld and wth hel h idea ay e hatterng to thechld deelopent

Parent hould g e the chlden oo aout en who


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56 Wy Civilization eDetct

perorm eroic tasks against eavy odds. t the eroismsod derive rom persi stence and skil , not vioence. Parents , both in reality and in teir cidren s books , mst be

regarded as the eros spporters, not is enemies.

erritoriality is an inerited mental caracteristic omany species , inclding man torr and onrad Lorenz seeterritoriality as coincident with aggressiveness . A eeling oproprietorsip over real estate is necessarily accompaniedby a wilingness to deend ones occpancy. In some in

stances te proprietorship as been individal in someinstances triba. Eiter way territoriality and aggressionare inerited psychoogical limitations on socia implses.Reason may s tretc te social inclinaton beyond te tribalbondaries bt wit every expansion tere are additionastrains additional captive grops additiona irritations . Aknowedge o man's eredity assres s tat worldwide

politica sovereignty wold almost certainly lead to wordwide caos.


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Cpt

D- v of Lf

We build, like co, ave on aveBut pave a pathway sunwar

Anonymo

We shol be aware ha he ceao o ma was o a

ece o magc "o creae says he Amecn Hege cn s o case o exs o brg o beg o ogae Aam's bh oo mllos o years Howmay mllos ees o whe he eoloary oc-ess we beg e coow a a wa sage we label oaceso Hm spens

Te acs o hma eoo e omos, asca-

g a moa We w sa wh he eay me wole Arca abo 0,000 yeas ago ossl remas oa leas seeyor als hae bee se SceAphecus cnus was a arly close cos o orsle's loo hm or ahroologcal h s h

Ausphecus was scoere 924 by Dr aymoDa a Asrala who ha bee ecae Egla a

he e Saes I 922, whe Dar was hea o eAaomy Dearme o Soh Aca 's Wwaesa -esy osehe Salmos, a s e oe o s casses ,bogh hm a oss baboo s whch ha bee o a lme wos a age abo a he mes soo ohaesbrg


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5 y Civiization SeDett

A baboon beongs to that broad subdivis ion o mammalscaled primates which aso includes monkeys emurs andother species with simiariies to apes and human beings

Dart was quite excited about the baboon ossil and hearoused the interest o a geology proessor Dr R. .oung who arranged that Dart should receive some moreossilbearing rocks rom the same ime works. In theseDart ound the mineraized skl and ace bones o a youngster about ve years oda youngster incidentally whowas not a baboon!

Dart named the species to which the inant belongedAaohecs afcas or outh Arican Ape . he nd wascaled the aungs sku and the inant that died threeqarters o a million years ago has been caled Dart s baby.

Robert room a distinguished zooogist saw theTaungs skul in 93 Considering it the most importantossi ever ound he ndertook a search or other speci

mens. e ound severa. Dart got into the act again andound many more.

Living anthropoid (manike) apes are o ve kinds chimpanzees goria s orangtans gibbons and siamangs . Asohec afcas was more ike us than ike any o theabove . e walked and ran in an erect posit ion , as provedby his short pelvis and the way his sku was balanced on

his spine. is biting apparatus was much like ours; hiscanines did not protrude though their roots were largevestiges o the days when canine teeth (angs) were usedor ghting as we as or tearing ood.

he big roots o our own eyeteeth te us hat or ancestors not ony had angs but must have used them as weapons. A mutation which reduced the length and sharpness

o ghting teeth would have made the mtant an easiervictim or hyenas wolves snakes baboons and other carnivores ess he had invented weapons to replace the innate armaments taken rom him by nature.

or years some scholars doubted that Asohecs hadused weapons . herwood L. Washburn in "oos and u


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Deate Seant of Le 5

m oo Scenc Amecan (Se 90) oeey Acan Genes ( 9 ) ee o he " los geoy o cm h Auslphecus h weos ee

hogh o ce o y sch weos h ee o Theyhe ssee h he oly wy sch mo cose so wely ws he egl emloyme o weos o se h hee wee eog sos o s she mo o

Te qeso ses How s bo Auslopihecus osees o s o gs ye e o bg ce oos ?

Te swe s hee ws o ee o gh oayee wo be moe ece h oesze ce eehg cewg wol e ese he ocess oges o wo e move Thee wo e osele mos whch sse g chewgmlemes lce o osos h o s l heseless hee ws o os e le ecg e

sze o he ge oos They sece e bg cewg cos s we s smlle oos So ee ws oew o

muaio ow smlle oos Alphecus b szes ge om 35 o 700 cc

bo e ge o go s goll hs moe o mes

Auslopihecus

oy sze ccog oCleo S Coo " e me wegh o l me gols

s o 00 os gves he ole weg oAuslphecus s less h 00 os o comso moe mec s obly ege bewee 00 1 500 cc lle moe h wce e ceeb omeo he smes Auslphecus, hogh o boes e essh wce s ge W. H Seo s As en coss 5 os s o ege l mle wegh Te

os o b sze o boy sze my be o mos moceo o sgsg m begs om ohe mes Te hm clssco seems oly me oegee

eoe levg 's weoog ae we shoo o h oolg s o qely m le


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hy vztns Seestt

ane Goodall tetie that he ha een chipanzee ueleae a napin to wipe their icy nger and to coopup waer or drining hey alo dig or teri te with twig

and throw tone to righten away eneien hi Adventures wth the ssng n (p 67) Dart re

count that a hunter cae upon eight excited chipanzeein a all clearing in a aeroon oret hey were ittingaround the opening o a net o ground ee One ateranother would dip a ic in the hole and withdraw it Eachchipanzee would then lic o the honey and dip the tic. .

aga

he Leaey aily ha contriuted greatly to the nowledge o anind pat Dr Loui Leaey wa curator othe orydon eorial ueu in airoi Kenya ro 945 to 96 and later wa director o the airoi ationalueu enter or Prehitory and Paleontology Since

96 he ha een oil hunting in Et Arica where hean hi wie ary hae unearthed aout 600 priate oil, all o the related to ditant ancetor o our oeuch ore ditant than other

Signicant aong the dicoerie o Dr and r Leaeyha een the ancient anlie oil they called Znanthrpusan early Austpthecus- indiidual that lied at leat a

illion year eore "Dart' ay ore recently theLeaey tea ha ound eidence that dated Austrpthecusac to 400,000

n 968 ichard Leaey, the on o Loui, decided toinetigate a oil area at the eatern hore o Lae udolin orthern Kenya, which ater iion o year hadreached a thicne o ,000 eet i nding were re

ported in Scece ews (o 7 97 Fe 6, 97 ando 8 97)

t had preiouy een etiated that Austrapthecusacanus had eoed into Hm erectus aout a i ion yearago , ut ichard Leaey ond oil which were deniteyore anlie than preiou dicoerie and yet were


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h h n

hown y potaiuargon dating and other ethod to e600000 year old

n tha t di dar pat there were anlie creation with

a rain capacity o 800 cc opare that with your ownaout 500 cc and the prehuan Atlopthec 45 to700 cc t ee clear that our ancetor had graduatedro their apehood way ac in liocene tie

ichard Leaey thin o Atlopthec and Homo erecta coexiting in the early leitocene hat i not to ayhoweer that they had dierent lineage t erely ay

that Homo erect had ranched o ro the ae aily treeearlier than preiouly uppoed and t

pendell elmer - why civilizations self-destruct clearscan

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