Pulmonology

1. Cause of impaired gas in COPDa. V/Q mismatchb. Shuntc. Hypoventilationd. Hyperventilation

2. Cause early airway collapse in COPD during early expiration

a. Small airway narrowingb. Loss of elastic recoilc. Loss of radial tractiond. Loss of weight

3. Causes permanent damage in COPDa. Bronchospasmb. Oxidative Stressc. Mucosal edemad. Mucociliary dysfunction

4. Most significant cause of obstruction in COPD

a. Small airway narrowingb. Loss of elastic recoilc. Loss of radial tractiond. Loss of weight

5. Significant cause of cachexia in COPDa. Increase work of breathingb. Anorexiac. Elastased. TNF a

6. Most reliable radiologic finding in COPDa. Cardiomegalyb. Widened ICSc. Bullaed. Palla’s sign

7. Typical posture of COPD Patienta. Tripodb. Bipodc. Gowen’s signd. Hoover’s sign

8. Most common source of COPD exacerbation

a. Viral infection

b. Bacterial infectionc. Toxic Inhalationd. House dust

9. A 60y year old male was evaluated for recurrent DOB. He had history of asthma and allergies during childhood and smoked cigarettes for 15 years. What test is crucial for accurate diagnosis?

a. Spirometryb. Lung volume studiesc. DLCOd. ABG

10. The most important risk factor for bronchial asthma

a. Polypsb. Sinusitisc. Triggersd. Atopy

11. Idiosyncratic asthma will havea. Positive bronchoprovocation

testb. Positive wheal and flare reactionc. IgE in serumd. Rhinitis and urticarial

12. Substance released with mast cell degradation

a. IL8b. Leukotriene 8c. Histamined. Cholestyramine

13. Controls airway inflammation in asthmaa. Methylxanthineb. Corticosteroidsc. B-agonistd. Anticholinergics

14. Over excretion of cysteinyl leukotrienes as mechanism for asthma exacerbation in

a. Exerciseb. Air pollutionc. Aspirind. Beta-blockers

15. Seen on microscopy sputum from asthma

a. Cushmann’s spiralb. IgEc. Charcot-Leyden crystald. Hemosiderin laden crystal

16. Mucosal thermal changes level to exacerbation of asthma

a. Exerciseb. Air pollutionc. Aspirind. B-blockers

17. Most common cause of asthma exacerbation

a. Sulfur dioxideb. Viral infectionc. Toxic inhalationd. Fart

18. Earliest ABG findings in asthmaa. Respiratory alkalosisb. Respiratory acidosisc. Metabolic alkalosisd. Metabolic acidosis

19. Complication of asthmaa. Pneumoniab. Pleural effusionc. PUDd. Pneumothorax

20. A COPD on respirator developed fever after 48 hours. Possible diagnosis?

a. HAPb. VAPc. Barotraumasd. cholestasis