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PENERIMAAN DAN PENOLAKAN SOSIAL TERHADAP ANAKBERKEBUTUHAN KHUSUS DI SEKOLAH DASAR INKLUSI (SDNEGERI BEDALI 5 LAWANG)

Oleh: Nissa Retno Andini ( 03810047 )

PsychologyDibuat: 2009-04-15 , dengan 7 file(s).

Keywords: Penerimaan dan Penolakan sosial, Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus, Sekolah Dasar

Inklusi

ABSTRAK

Sekolah inklusi merupakan terobosan pemerintah dalam 5 tahun terakhir ini, untuk

memberikan pelayanan khusus bagi anak berkebutuhan khusus (ABK) di sekolah reguler agar

dapat berkembang secara optimal, namun pada kenyataannya aspek sosial masih cenderung

menjadi masalah, seperti sikap dari sekolah reguler atau dari teman-teman yang normal.

Dilihat dari survei awal di salah satu sekolah dasar inklusi di Malang, teman-teman normalada yang mengolok, tidak mau dan menolak, namun ada juga teman normal yang membantu

teman ABKnya ini. Penerimaan sosial sangat penting dibutuhkan, terlebih lagi pada anak

yang memiliki kelainan ataupun kecacatan karena berdampak positif terhadap harga diri,

begitu juga dengan penolakan sosial akan mempengaruhi diri anak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini

adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana penerimaan dan penolakan sosial terhadap anak

berkebutuhan khusus di sekolah dasar inklusi serta faktor-faktor yang melatarbelakangi

penerimaan dan penolakan sosial tersebut.

Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif yang dilaksanakan pada tanggal 24

Juli sampai dengan 29 Agustus 2008. Dengan subyek penelitian sebanyak 10 orang dan

memiliki karakteristik anak berkebutuhan khusus yang berbeda-beda, yaitu 2 subyek

tunanetra, 2 subyek tunarungu wicara, 1 subyek tunagrahita C1, 2 subyek autis, 1 subyektunadaksa, 1 subyek low vision dan 1 subyek cerebral palsy. Lokasi penelitian adalah di

sekolah dasar inklusi SD Negeri Bedali 5 Lawang. Data ini diambil menggunakan teknik

sosiometri, wawancara dan observasi. Data yang didapat dianalisis menggunakan analisa

kualitatif.

Dari hasil penelitian di dapat data bahwa anak berkebutuhan khusus di sekolah dasar inklusi

SDN Bedali 5 Lawang pada umumnya diterima secara sosial oleh teman-teman sebaya

mereka yang normal, namun ada juga beberapa diantaranya ditolak secara sosial. Dilihat dari

karakteristik subyek ABK bahwa empat diantaranya diterima dan ditolak secara sosial, yakni

tunanetra, tunarungu wicara, tunagrahita C1 dan low vision, dua yang diterima secara sosial

saja, yakni autis dan cerebral palsy, untuk penolakan sosial yakni ABK yang tunadaksa,

dengan bentuk penerimaan sosial, yaitu suka membantu, diajak mengobrol, bercanda danbermain, sedangkan bentuk penolakan sosial, yaitu suka mengganggu, menggoda, tidak

diajak bermain dan tidak menghargai teman ABKnya ini. Faktor-faktor yang

melatarbelakanginya, yaitu pola kepribadian, kemampuan akademik, kemampuan sosial dan

dari daya tarik penampilan.

ABSTRACT

Inclusive school is one of the goverment breakthrough at this last 5 years to give some more

special service for the special needs children in the regular school in order that this special

needs children would get best developed. But still, in fact, the social aspect likely becomes

problems, for instance is the attitude of the regular school or the attitude of their normal

friends. As the result of the early observation which is held at one of the inclusive school in

Malang, we have found that some of the normal friends was makes funny on that special

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needs children, do not want to makes friends, and rejects them. But on the other hands, that

was still some normal friends which is still willing to support and help them. Social

acceptance is one thing that was very important for this special needs children, especially for

those who is dissabled, because it would positively affected their self-esteem. And the social

rejection, in contrary, would affect their self-esteem also negatively. The purpose of this

research is to figure out the social acceptance and sosial rejection on the special needschildren on the inclusive elementary school and to figure out the background factors of the

social acceptance and rejection.

This research is a qualitative-descriptive research, which held on July 24 to August 29, 2008.

The subjects of this research are 10 special needs childrens, which has different special needs

characteristic, which are 2 blind childrens, 2 deaf-and-mute childrens, 1 tunagrahita C1

children, 2 autistic childrens, 1 physical-dissabled children, 1 low-visioned children, and 1

cerebral-palsy children. This research is located on the 5th Bedali Elementary School,

Lawang. The research data are gathered by the socio-metric, interview, and observation

technique, afterwards analyzed by the qualitative analysis technique.

By this research, we have found that special needs children at the inclusive school 5th Bedali

Elementary School, Lawang, in general, socially accepted by their normal peers, but stillsome of them socially rejected by their peers. By their special needs characteristics, 4 special

needs characteristics both socially accepted and rejected, which are blind, deaf-and-mute,

tunagrahita C1, and low-visioned children; 2 special needs characteristics socially accepted,

which are autistic and cerebral palsy children; and 1 special needs characteristics socially

rejected, which is physical-dissabled children. The form of the social acceptance to the

special needs children are the normal peers would help their special needs friends, make talk

to them, act playfully (jokes and laughs), and playing together. On the other hands, the form

of the social rejection to the special needs children are their normal peers like to molested

them, tease, their normal friends not willing to play together with them, and not to respect to

them. The background factors are the personality pattern, academic capability, social

capability, and attractiveness.