pengaruh total arus ka1

NAD,ISNATNUKA ABAL,SAK SURA LATOT HURAGNEP

MAHAS AGRAH PADAHRET NAAHASUREP NARUKU nahasureP adaP siripmE idutS( segnarevreB & dooF id tatacreT gnaY kefE asruB

P )IEB( aisenodnI 002 edoire 8- 102 0)

ISPIRKS

isnatnukA nasuruJ adapeK nakujaiD

imonokE satlukaF

asayatriT gnegA natluS satisrevinU

helorepmeM kutnU nataraysreP naigabeS ihunemeM akgnaR malaD

)ES( imonokE anajraS raleG

nakujaiD O hel

ITAWAILIRPA AMHCOR

4792802555

ISNATNUKA NASURUJ

IMONOKE SATLUKAF

ASAYATRIT GNEGA NATLUS SATISREVINU

GNARES

2102

S NAATAYNREP TARU

ayaS itawailirpA amhcoR oN 9 280 2555 awsisahaM kudnI rom 47 isnatnukA nasuruJ

: luduj nagned ispirks awhab aynhuggnuses nagned nakataynem huragneP , saK surA latoT

naahasurep narukU nad , isnatnukA abaL padahreT mahaS agraH . P siripmE idutS( ada

nahasureP egnareveB & doof id tatacret gnay E asruB 8002 edoireP )IEB( aisenodnI kef - 102 0

irad )E.S( imonokE anajraS raleg helorepmem kutnu tarays iagabes silut ayaS

.iridnes ayas ayrak lisah nakapurem aynhurules ,asayatriT gnegA natluS satisrevinU adA nup

naigab - nial gnaro ayrak lisah irad pituk ayas gnay ispirks nasilunep malad utnetret naigab

nasilunep akite nad ,hadiak ,amron nagned iauses salej araces aynrebmus naksilutid halet

.haimli ayrak

kS naigabes uata hurules nakumetid irah naidumekid alibapA lisah nakub ini ispir

isknas amirenem aidesreb ayas ,utnetret naigab malad taigalp aynada uata iridnes ayrak

isknas nad gnadnas ayas gnay kimedaka raleg natubacnep apureb - iauses aynnial isknas

gnadnurep narutarep nagned - .ukalreb gnay nagnadnu

,gnareS rebmevoN 2102

itawailirpA amhcoR

2555 9 280 47

iaretaM 0006

NAHABMESREP RABMEL

“ halada pudiH aggnih rukuysreb ulales gnay aisunam paites igab haregunA hisam ini kited aggnih rukuysreB .tws hallA helo napudihek irebid ini kited

d aynhadni gnadnamem ,iratnem gnas tahilem ,safan purihgnem natapmesek irebiatic iapacnem ,ainud - gnaro nagned lupmukreb kutnu utkaw irebid hisam ,atic -

tapad kutnu utkaw irebid hisam atres ,ignayasid nad iatnicid gnay gnarohadabireb nagned asod subenem ”.

TWS hallA taridaheK rukuys napacu nad ulales a’od gnirireT : kutnu ini uklicek ayrak nakhabmesrepuk

,naka’odnem ulales gnay atnicret kapaB nad ubI akaK k- ignayas uk gnay aumes ukakak

TCARTSBA

urA latoT rehtehw enimreted ot smia yduts sihT naahasureP eziS,isnatnukA abaL,saK s

8002 doirep eht ni )IEB( aisenodnI kefE asruB ni detsil ni sdnuf ecirP kcotS no - .0102

si yduts siht ni elbairav naahasureP eziS,isnatnukA abaL,saK surA latoT tnednepednI

.ecirP kcotS eht si elbairav tnedneped

ts sihT aisenodnI kefE asruB ni detsil segnareveB & dooF seinapmoc 21 sesu ydu

8002 doirep eht gnirud )IEB( - saw sisehtopyh sihT .snoitavresbo 63 htiw elpmas eht sa 0102

abaL,saK surA latoT fo tceffe eht enimreted ot sisylana noisserger raenil elpitlum gnisu detset

.ecirP kcotS no naahasureP narukU,isnatnukA

= t( ecirP kcotS no stceffa ton saK surA latoT )1( :taht dewohs stluser ehT - ; )550,1

narukU )3( ,)200,0= .giS ;094,3 = t( ecirP kcotS no tceffe isnatnukA abaL )2( .)423,0 = .giS

rP kcotS no tceffa naahasureP = t( eci - .)100,0 = .gis ; 787,3

naahasureP narukU,)KAL ( isnatnukA abaL,)KAT ( saK surA latoT : sdrowyeK

.)PKU(

RATNAGNEP ATAK

bW .rW mukiala’umalassA

halet gnay .TWS hallA taridahek rukuys ijup nakpacugnem nagned halliludmahlA

amhar nakhapmilem ainurak nad t - nad nusuynem tapad aggnihes silunep adapek ayn

atik nagnujnuj adapek nakharucret asaitnanes malas nad tawalahS .ini ispirks nakiaseleynem

.WAS dammahuM ibaN

ludujreb gnay ispirks nasiluneP “ nad isnatnukA abaL, saK surA latoT huragneP

P narukU naahasure padahreT mahaS agraH . nahasureP adaP siripmE idutS( & dooF

id tatacreT gnaY segnareveb 8002 edoireP )IEB( aisenodnI kefE asruB - .”0102 nakijas silunep

adap imonoke anajras raleg iapacnem malad rihka sagut utas halas ipakgnelem anug

uS satisrevinU .asayatriT gnegA natl

aynutkaw adap tapet nakiaselesret naka kadit aynutnet ini ispirkes nanusuynep malaD

natapmesek adap uti kutnU .kahip iagabreb irad nagnukud nad nautnab aynada aynapnat akij

: adapek hiask amiret nakpacugnem silunep ini

.1 heloS .rD .forP ;asayatrirT gnegA natluS satisrevinU rotkeR ukales .dP.M ,tayadiH

.2 natluS satisrevinU imonokE satlukaF nakeD ukales .MM ,ES ,nawaiharP nawaW .H

;asayatriT gnegA

.3 satlukaF isnatnukA idutS margorP nasuruJ auteK ukales ,iS.M ,ES ,itawailzU aiL

isrevinU imonokE ;asayatriT gnegA natluS sat

.4 isnatnukA idutS margorP nasuruJ siraterkeS ukales ,cS.M ,.kA ,ES ,israunaJ ineY

;asayatriT gnegA natluS satisrevinU imonokE satlukaF

.5 aynutkaw nakgnaulem kaynab halet gnay I gnibmibmeP ukales ,iS.M ,ES ,itawamsI siI

irebmem malad nanusuynep malad nagnibmib nad naharagnep ,nauhategnep umli nak

;silunep adapek ispirks

.6 aynutkaw nakgnaulem kaynab halet gnay II gnibmibmeP ukales ,iS.M,ES,hasniddurrabaS

adapek ispirks nanusuynep malad nagnibmib nad nahara ,umli nakirebmem malad

;silunep

.7 .silunep adapek umli kaynab nakirebmem halet gnay isnatnukA nasuruJ nesoD huruleS

;isnatnuka nasuruj nawayrak nad fats arap kutnu aguj apul kaT

.8 gnay tirips atres lirom kiab aynalages nakirebmem ulales gnay atnicret ukaut gnaro audeK

itneh hanrep kat – tneh ;kiab nagned ayniduts nakiseleynem tapad silunep aggnihes ,ayni

.9 kat gnay tirips atres lairetaM nad lirom kiab aynalages nakirebmem ulales gnay ayas ilaW

itneh hanrep – ;kiab nagned ayniduts nakiseleynem tapad silunep aggnihes ,aynitneh

.01 kidA - tnicret ukkidA tagnames nad aod nakirebmem ulales gnay ,uk raseb agraulek atres a

;ayniduts nakiaseleynem tapad silunep aggnihes

.11 nameT - ;ayntagnames atres aod ,nautnab sata hiskamiret ,8002 takgna namet

nakpacu silunep ,utasrep utas naktubesid kadit gnay kahip aumes ateS aynab – kaynab

.aynacabmem gnay kahip aumes igab taafnamreb tapad ini ispirks agomeS .hiskamiret

2102 sutsugA ,gnareS

siluneP

ISI RATFAD

namalaH

LUDUJ NAMALAH

GNIBMIBMEP NAAHASEGNEP RABMEL

NAATAYNREP TARUS

NAHABMESREP RABMEL

KARTSBA ................................ ................................ ................................ ... i

RATNAGNEP ATAK ................................ ................................ ................ iii

ISI RATFAD ................................ ................................ ............................... iv

LEBAT RATFAD ................................ ................................ ....................... ix

RABMAG RATFAD ................................ ................................ .................. x

NAULUHADNEP I BAB

gnakaleB rataL 1.1 ................................ ................................ ....................... 1

naitileneP halasaM nasumuR 2.1 ................................ ................................ . 4

naitileneP naujuT nad duskaM 3.1 ................................ ............................... 4

naitileneP taafnaM 4.1 ................................ ................................ .................. 5

AKATSUP NAUAJIT II BAB

1.2 eT haaleT iro ................................ ................................ ............................ 6

1.1.2 yroehT gnillngiS ................................ ................................ .......... 6

2.1.2 nagnaueK naropaL ................................ ................................ ...... 7

3.1.2 saK surA latoT ................................ ................................ ............ 8

.1.2 isnatnukA abaL 4 ................................ ................................ ........... 11

.1.2 naahasureP narukU 5 ................................ ................................ ...... 21

.1.2 6 mahaS agraH ................................ ................................ ............. 31

2.2 uluhadreT naitilenep nauajniT ................................ ................................ 71

lautpesnoK akgnarek 3.2 ................................ ................................ ............... 71

nabmegneP 4.2 sisetopih nag ................................ ................................ ......... 81

.2 4. 1 huragneP isarepO sak surA mahaS agraH adap ........................ 81

.2 4. 2 huragneP satsevnI saK surA mahaS agraH adap ...................... 91

.2 4. 3 huragneP naanadnep saK surA mahaS agraH adap ................... 02

mahaS agraH adaP isnatnukA abaL huragneP 4.4.2 ............................. 02

mahaS agraH adaP naahasureP narukU huragneP 5.4.2 ...................... 12

NAITILENEP IGOLODOTEM III BAB

lepmeS nad isalupoP 1.3 ................................ ................................ .............. 32

naitileneP ataD 2.3 ................................ ................................ ........................ 42

naitileneP nalupmugneP edoteM 3.3 ................................ ............................ 52

4.3 T ataD isilanA kinke ................................ ................................ ............... 52

kisalK ismusA 1.4.3 ................................ ................................ ............. 25

satilsamroN ijU 1.1.4.3 ................................ .............................. 52

.3 2.1.4 satisitsadeksoreteH ijU ................................ ................... 62

.1.4.3 3 satiraeinolokitluM ijU ................................ .................... 72

.3 1.4 isalerokotuA ijU 4. ................................ ............................. 72

.3 2.4 adnagreB reiniL isergR ijU ................................ ........................ 82

.3 1.2.4 isanimirteD sisilanA ................................ ....................... 92

.3 1.4 2. t kitsitatS ijU ................................ ................................ ... 92

.3 .1.4 3 kitsitatS ijU F ................................ ................................ . 03

NAITILENEP NASAHABMEP NAD LISAH VI BAB

.4 1 naitileneP lisaH ................................ ................................ ...................... 53

.4 1.1 segnareveB & dooFnahasureP mahaS agraH .............................. 63

.4 2.1 segnarevreb & doof aahasureP saK surA latoT ......................... 83

.4 3.1 segnarevreb & dooF naahasureP isnatnukA abaL ..................... 93

.4 4.1 segnarevreb 7 dooF naahasureP narukU ................................ .... 14

.4 5.1 lebairaV fitpirkseD kitsitatS ................................ ....................... 24

6.1.4 kisalK ismusA ................................ ................................ ............. 34

6.1.4 satilsamroN ijU 1. ................................ .............................. 34

2.6.1.4 satiraeinolokitluM ijU ................................ .................... 54

3.6.1.4 satisitsadeksoreteH ijU ................................ ................... 64

1.4 . .6 isalerokotuA ijU 4 ................................ ............................. 84

7.1.4 P sisetopiH naijugne ................................ ................................ .... 94

1.7.1.4 adnagreB reiniL isergR edoteM ................................ ..... 94

2.7.1.4 isanimirteD neisifeoK ................................ .................... 15

7.1.4 . 3 kitsitatS ijU f ................................ ................................ .. 25

4.7.1.4 kitsitatS ijU t ................................ ................................ ... 25

nasahabmeP 2.4 ................................ ................................ ............................ 45

1.2.4 saK surA latoT X( 1 )Y( mahaS agraH padahreT ) ...................... 45

2.2.4 abaL isnatnukA X( 2 )Y( mahaS agraH padahreT ) ..................... 55

3.2.4 naahasureP narukU X( 3 padahreT ) mahaS agraH )Y( .............. 65

1.2.4 saK surA latoT X( 1), isnatnukA abaL X( 2) ,

naahasureP narukU X( 3) )Y( mahaS agraH padahreT ........... 65

NARAS NAD NALUPMIS V BAB

nalupmiseK 1.5 ................................ ................................ ............................. 75

naitileneP nasatabreteK 1.5 ................................ ................................ .......... 85

naraS 3.5 ................................ ................................ ............................... 85

nahasurep igab naraS 1.2.5 ................................ ................................ ... 85

rotsevni naraS 2.2.5 ................................ ................................ .............. 95

itileneP naraS 2.2.5 ................................ ................................ ............... 95

AKATSUP RATFAD

NARIPMAL - NARIPMAL

LEBAT RATFAD

1.2 lebaT uluhadret naitileneP ................................ ................................ .... 71

1.3 lebaT lebairav lanoisarepO ................................ ................................ ... 33

1.4 lebaT lepmeS ................................ ................................ ........................ 42

.4 lebaT 2 ratfaD agraH nahasureP adap mahaS segnareveB & dooF ....... 24

.4 lebaT 3 ratfaD saK surA latoT nahasureP adap segnareveB & dooF ..... 83

.4 lebaT 4 ratfaD isnatnukA abaL nahasureP adap segnareveB & dooF .... 93

5.4 lebaT ratfaD naruku naahasureP nahasureP adap segnareveB & dooF ...... 14

.4 lebaT 6 scitsitatS evitpircseD ................................ ................................ .. 24

7.4 lebaT enO - vorogomloK elpmaS - tseT vonrimS ................................ .... 54

.4 lebaT 8 satiraeinolokitlum ijU ................................ ................................ . 64

9.4 lebaT rejelG ijU ................................ ................................ ..................... 84

01.4 lebaT isalerokotua ijU ................................ ................................ ......... 94

11.4 lebaT reP ijU adnagreB isergeR namas ................................ ................. 15

21.4 lebaT isanimirteD ijU ................................ ................................ ........... 15

31.4 lebaT F namasreP ijU ................................ ................................ ........... 25

1.4 lebaT 4 t kitsitats iju ijU ................................ ................................ .......... 35

RABMAG RATFAD

1.2 rabmaG narikimeP akgnarK amekS ................................ ................... 81

1.4 rabmaG rabmaG margortsiH ................................ .............................. 44

.4 rabmaG 2 satilamron tolp rabmaG ................................ ........................ 44

.4 rabmaG 3 rabmaG satisitsaeksoreteH ijU ................................ ............. 84

I BAB

NAULUHADNEP

1.1 gnakaleB rataL

nataigek malad gnitnep pukuc gnay nanarep awabmem ladom rasap nagnabmekreP

naimonokerep . sidnok rtemorab utas halas iagabes gnadnapid tapad aguj ladom rasaP i

gnadnamem nikames takaraysam ,ini rihkaret asrawasad malaD .aragen utaus naimonokerep

.ikilim akerem gnay anad nakisatsevnignem malad fitanreta utas halas iagabes ladom rasap

nataigek aynkaram nikames nagned itkubret ini laH - .ladom rasap id nataigek

evnI nagnabmitrep nakulremem ladom rasap id isatsevnireb kutnu rots - bmitrep a gnay nagn

utauses nakapurem ladom rasap isidnok nagned naveler gnay isamrofni aggnihes ,gnatam

nasutupek nalibagnep nakukalem ayapu malad ladom rasap ukalep arap iracid ulales gnay

evni arap ayntabika ,agrahreb gnay isamrofni nakapurem isamrofni aumes kadit numaN .isats

isamrofni hilimem tapet araces surah ladom rasap ukalep - )naveler( kayal gnay isamrofni

.nasutupek nalibagnep malad nagnabmitrep nakidajid kutnu

urem aguj igur abal naropaL ajrenik naktahilrepmem gnay isamrofni utas halas nakap

abal,rotok abal utiay,abal akgna kaynab taumem igur abal naropal malad,naahasurep utaus

iaynupmem aynaumes gnay isnatnuka abal lanenem aguj atik uti niales,isarepo abal,hisreb

ep utiay amas gnay naujut tesiR .naahasurep alolegnem malad reganam isnaisive narukugn

nruter nupuam mahas agrah nagned abal akgna nagnubuh iracnem gnay amaturet isnatnuka

akgna nakanuggnem gnutihid gnay SPE uata isarepo abal akgna nakanuggnem ulales mahas

ay gnaraj nad hisreb abal itilenep ini naitilenep adaP .rotok abal akgna nakanuggnem gn

naitilenep lisah padahret aynhuragnep tahilem kutnu rotok abal akgna nakanuggnem

nad rotok abal awhab nakitkubmem gnay ) 6002 ( iriahuS nad anniN malad ) 5002 ( otnairbeF

d gnay lanoisarepo abal upmam hibel nad ,fitarepo hibel ,igur abal naropal malad nakijasi

.mahas agrah nad abal aratna nagnubuh gnatnet kiab hibel gnay narabmag nakirebmem

saib aguj naahasurep naruku ezis ,) rotok abal nad sak sura naropal ( sataid lah aud iraD

ni iagabes libmaid .isatsevni nakukalem kutnu rotsevni nagnabmitrep nahab igab isamrof

mahas agrah tahilem hadus anerak ini lah igal nakitahrepemem kadit rotsevni arap gnadakreT

naahasurep ezis anerak tahilid kutnu gnitnep aguj naahasurep naruku lahadap ,ladom rasapid

urunem nanuhat naropal malad napakgnugnep saul ihuragnepmem itkubret 2991 ekooC t

huragnep gnatnet ) 6002 ( iriahuS nad anniN nalad )9991 ( otnawsiM naitileneP .naahasurep

nakumenem sinsib okiser padahret naahasurep naruku nad ,ytilacilcyc ,egarevel gnitarepo

hab .licek evitaler sinsib okiser padahret ytilacilcyc huragnepreb kadit egarevel gnitarepo aw

sinsib okiser padahret fitisop huragnep ikilimem gnay naahasurep naruku nagned aynlah niaL

p itrareb ini lah ,sinsib okisir padahret huragnepreb alup itrareb ini lah huragnepreb alu

.isatsevni nruter padahret

laurka abal nad sak sura aratna nagnubuh ijugnem gnay )0991( niworaZ nad tanviL

nagned nruter lamronba nakitkubmem lisahreb adnagreb iserger sisilana nagned naijugneP .

nagnubuh iaynupmem sak narila nenopmok awhab nagned tauk hibel fitisop nruter lamronba

nagned laurka abal uata latot sak narila nagned nakgnidnabid mahas nruter lamronba .

naataynreP( KASP ) 8002 ( iifayS damahuM malad ) 0002 ( otnayigoj nad onoyirT

ragnep iaynupmem 2.oN ) nagnaueK nisnatnukA radnatS adebreb gnay hu - padahret adeb

.mahas nruter

aynnagnabmekrep anerak segnareveb& doof naahasurep itilenem kutnu kiratret itileneP

.tasep pukuc gnay padahret namunim nad nanakam irtsudni aynhuragnepret kadit nagneD

adap mahas akam idajret gnay labolg sisirk kaynab hibel namunim nad nanakam naahasurep

nalajes habmatreb nikames naka takaraysam ismusnok takgnit anerak rotsevni tanim kiranem

.skelpmok nikames gnay aisunam nahutubek natutnut nagned

( IMMPAG ataD nagnubaG enodnI huruleS namuniM nad nanakaM ahasugneP .)ais

nad nanakam irtsudni nahubmutrep dnert nakkujnunem aguj nagnaueK & sinsiB : kirbuR

383 pR iapacnem 7002 nuhatid nalaujnep emuloV .kiab pukuc gnay iregen malad namunim

irT 555 .pR iapacnem 9002 nuhat id ,nuylirT 505 .pR iapacnem 8002 nuhat id ,nuylirT nuyl

nupiksem ,aynsinorI .nuylirT 506 .pR iapacnem kutnu halada 0102 nuhat id isatkepske nad

malad rasebret rotubirtnok utas halas nakapurem namunim nad nanakam irtsudni

muleb hisam gnay hatniremep nakajibek kusamret rotkaf kaynab hisam ,nahubmutrep

unepes aratnemeS .iridnes uti namunim nad nanakam irtsudni nagnabmekrep gnukudnem aynh

naimonokerep isargetni nagned nalajes habmatreb suret ropmi nimam kudorp irad namacna

.labolg nad lanoiger naimonokerep nagned aisenodnI

ini naitileneP nakapurem irad isakilper gnay inek helo taubid gnay isnatnuka lanruj

naahasureP mahaS agraH padahreT isnatnukA abaL naD saK surA huragneP“ ludujreb

id naitilenep naadebrep nupadA .”aisenodnI kefE asruB iD ratfadreT gnaY aimiK yrtsudni

lada nakukal ayas gnay naitilenep nagned sata edoirep ,aynnaitilenep asam edoirep ha

002 nuhat irad halada nakukal ayas gnay naitilenep 8 nad 0102 nuhat nagned iapmas

utiay nednepedni lebairav utas nahabmanep aynada halada aynnial naadebrep naruku

naahasurep ilenep anerak nasala nagned t ukalid gnay nai ada ) 6002( itainad anin helo nak

itilenem kutnuabocnem itilenep aggnihes mahas nruter detcepxe padahretfitisop huragnepreb

naD .mahas agrah padahret aguj huragnepreb naka naahasurep naruku hakapa tujnal hibel

lah nakitahrepmem nagned - ep akam ,sataid lah : utiay ini naitilenep luduj irebmem silun

“ huragneP saK surA latoT , agraH padahreT naahasureP eziS nad ,isnatnukA abaL

kefE asruB id tatacret gnay segnareveb & doof naahasurep adap siripme iduts( mahaS

002 edoirep ) IEB ( aisenodnI 8- ”) 0102

2.1 nasumuR alasaM h

kokop ,sata id nakiaruid halet gnay nahalasamrep gnakaleb ratal nakrasadreB

:tukireb iagabes naksumurid tapad ini naitilenep nahalasamrep

.1 mahas agrah padahret huragnepreb sak suraa latot hakapA .

.2 .mahas agrah padahret huragnepreb rotok abal hakapA

.3 hakapA .mahas agrah padahret huragnepreb naahasurep naruku

3.1 naitileneP naujuT nad duskaM

.1 mahas agrah padahret sak sura latot huragnep iuhategnem kutnU .

.2 iuhategnem kutnU huragnep .mahas agrah padahret rotok abal

.3 iuhategnem kutnU huragnep padahret naahasurep naruku agrah .mahas

malad naveler gnay isamrofni itilenem kutnu nakduskamid aguj ini naitileneP

ini naitileneP.aisenodnI id nagnauek naropal iakamep helo imonoke nasutupek nalibmagnep

akukalid gnay naitilenep naktujnalem nad isakifidomem nagned isakilperem kutnu anin helo n

hibel ahasureb ini naitilenep halada uluhadret naitilenep nagned naadebreP.)6002( itainad

sak sura iskiderp padahret kiab hibel huragnepreb nakumetid gnay sak sura isamrofni icnirem

.naped asamid

4.1 naitileneP taafnaM

rahid ini naitileneP : igab anugreb nakpa

.1 lanoisarepO naanugeK nagned natiakreb gnay amaturet ,isnatnuka gnadib iD rasaP

ladoM gnadib malad aynsusuhk ,nagnauek isnatnuka nad ladoM rasaP .

.2 kahip adap sitkarp isubirtnok nakirebmem inkay ,ladom rasap rotaluger igaB

negnem MAPEPAB kitkarp aynidajret nanikgnumek padahret aynnaitahrep ia rasaP

ladoM .aisenodnI id

.3 acabmep igaB

nakirebmem tapad nad,taafnamreb tapad ini naitilenep lisah agomes parahreb siluneP

.ayntujnales itilenep igab nauhategnep nad narikimep nahabmat

BAB II

AKATSUP NAUAJNIT

iroeT haleT 1.2

yroehT gnillngiS 1.1.2 )layniS iroeT(

nagned naanadnep sak sura aratna nagnubuh naksalejnem yroeht gnillangiS

aratna ikilimid gnay sirtemisa isamrofni ismusa nakrasadreB .mahas nruter

otsevni nad nemejnam nakapurem gnatu natibrenep ,naahasurep raul kahip uata r

naknahatrepmem tapad kilimep anerak sak sura riskanem kutnu kiab gnay laynis

naka rasap ,ini iroet rasadreB .mahas naktibrenem adap irad aynnakilimepek isroporp

p namumugnep padahret fitisop iskaereb )934:7991,la te mahgirB( gnatu naatibrene

.itawotpijt malad

naahasurep nasala naksalejnem laynis iroet )1002( .la te ,kloW turuneM

kutnu isamrofni nakijaynem ladom rasap aynis iroeT . irtemisa aynada nakkujnunem l

kahip nad naahasurep nemejanam aratna isamrofni - nagned nagnitnepekreb gnay kahip

aynsurahes anamiagab gnatnet nakakumegnem laynis iroeT .tubesret isamrofni

laynis nakirebmem naahasurep - .nagnauek naropal anuggnep adap laynis

eM )8002( na’amaJ turun yroehT gnilangiS anamiagab gnatnet nakakumegnem

naropal anuggnep adapek laynis nakirebmem naahasurep haubes aynsurahes

y apa ianegnem isamrofni apureb ini layniS .nagnauek helo nakukalid hadus gna

uata isomorp apureb tapad layniS .kilimep nanigniek nakisasilaerem kutnu nemejanam

adapirad kiab hibel tubesret naahasurep awhab nakataynem gnay nial isamrofni

ukalid laynis nairebmep awhab naksalejnem laynis iroeT .nial naahasurep helo nak

iulalem isamrofni nakirebmem rejanaM .isamrofni irtemisa ignarugnem kutnu rejanam

nakparenem akerem awhab nagnauek naropal nakajibek gnay emsitavresnok isnatnuka

lisahgnem naahasurep hagecnem ini pisnirp anerak satilaukreb hibel gnay abal nak

rasebmem nakadnit nakukalem - naropal anuggnep utnabmem nad abal nakraseb

.etatsrevo kadit gnay avitka nad abal nakijaynem nagned nagnauek

utupek satilauk )6002( attalucammI airaM turuneM nas rotsevni ihuragnepid

.nagnauek naropal malad naahasurep nakpakgnuid gnay isamrofni satilauk helo

gnay isamrofni irtemisa ignarugnem kutnu naujutreb tubesret isamrofni satilauK

m akitek lubmit id naahasurep kepsorp nad lanretni isamrofni iuhategnem hibel rejana

apureb gnay isamrofnI .naahasurep lanretske kahip gnidnabid gnatadnem asam

tapad nakparahid nakisakilbupid gnay naahasurep isagilbo takgnirep nairebmep

rep nagnauek isidnok laynis idajnem nakrabmaggnem nad utnetret naahasu

.ikilimid gnay gnatu nagned tiakret idajret gnay nanikgnumek

langis iroeT kilimep ,)tnega( naahasurep kahip utnabmem tapad aguj

p raul kahip nad ,)lapisnirp( nagned isamrofni irtemisa ignarugnem naahasure

nakitsamem kutnU .nagnauek naropal isamrofni satirgetni uata satilauk naklisahgnem

kahip - gnay nagnauek isamrofni naladnaek inikayem nagnitnepekreb gnay kahip

apadnem ulrep ,)tnega( naahasurep kahip nakiapmasid gnay nial kahip irad inipo nakt

.)8002 ,na’amaJ( nagnauek naropal gnatnet tapadnep nakirebmem sabeb

2.1.2 nagnaueK naropaL

naropaL .isnatnuka nataigek uata sesorp irad lisah haladA nagnaueK naropaL

aahasurep nagnauek isamrofni gnatnet isireb nagnauek ,acareN : irad iridret gnay n

abal naropal - naropal sata natatac nad ,ladom nahaburep naropal ,sak sura naropal ,igur

.nagnauek

nakapurem gnay naahasurep utaus helo naktibretid gnay nagnauek naropaL

samrofni nakijaynemkutnu nakkusamid isnatnuka sesorp lisah tapad gnay nagnauek i

malad 8791,sedenoG( .nretske kahip iagabreb nahutubek ihunemem kutnu nakanugid

.)itawamhar nad idnaB

nagnauek naropal ,inek malad )7002( aisenodnI isnatnukA natakI turuneM

nauek naropaL.nagnauek naropalep sesorp irad naigab nakapurem pakgnel gnay nag

sisisop nahaburep naropaL,igur abal naropal,acareN itupilem aynasaib

naigab nakapurem gnay nasalejnep iretam atres nial naropal nad natatac,nagnauek

.nagnauek naropal irad largetni

aisenodnI isnatnukA natakI turunem nagnauek naropal naujuT malad )7002(

atres ajrenik,nagnauek isisop tukgnaynem gnay isamrofni nakaideynem halada inek

raseb halmujes igab taafnamreb gnay naahasurep utaus nagnauek isisop nahaburep

aguj nagnauek naropaL.imonoke nasatupek nalibmagnep malad anuggnep

apa nakkujnunem gnay ayad rebmus sata nemejanam nakukalid halet gnay

.aynadapek nakayacrepid

naped asam sak sura iskiderpmem halada nagnauek naropal isgnuf utas

.) itawamhaR nad idnaB malad 1.oN CAFS(

.1.2 3 latoT saK surA

nagnauek naropal nakapurem sak sura naropaL sak narila isamrofni isireb gnay

utnetret edoirep amales naahasurep utaus irad raulek sak narila nad kusam

halada sak sura naropal, inek malad ) 1002 ( notsuoH nad mahgirB turuneM

aibmep nad isatsevni,isarepo sativitka irad kapmad naksalejnem gnay naropal naay

( aisenodnI isnatnukA natakI.isnatnuka edoirep amales sak sura padahret naahasurep

naropal nakijaynem nad nusuynem surah naahasurep paites awhab nakataynem ) 7002

paites kutnu nagnauek nnaropal irad nakhasipret kat gnay naigab iagabes sak sura

edoirep naknikgnumem gnay isamrofni nakirebmem tapad surah sak sura naropaL.

rutkurts,naahasurep hisreb avitka malad nahaburep isaulavegnem kutnu iakamep arap

malad sak sura utkaw atres halmuj ihuragnepmem kutnu naupmamek nad nagnauek

nahaburep nagned isatpadagnem kutnu.gnaulep nad naadaek

nakanugid tapad sak sura naropal malad tapadret gnay sak sura isamrofnI

nad nagnauek rutkurts ,naahasurep hisreb avitka malad nahaburep isaulavegnem kutnu

pada akgnar malad sak sura utkaw atres halmuj ihuragnepmem kutnu naupmamek isat

ialinem kutnu anugreb sak sura isamrofnI.gnaulep nad naadaek nahaburep nangned

aguj ini isamrofnI.sak arates nad sak naklisahgnem malad naahasurep naupmamek

anerak naahasurep iagabreb isarepo ajrenik naropalep gnidnab ayad naktakgninem

akadainem tapad padahret adebreb gnay isnatnuka naukalrep naanuggnep huragnep n

.amas gnay awitsirep nad iskasnart

itrepes nasutupek iagabreb malad aisnetop taafnam iaynupmem sak sura ataD

naialinep,namajnip nairebmep iskiderp,okisir narisfanep,nalagagek iskiderp

ahasurep sisilana araP.ladom rasap adap nahabmat isamrofni nakirebmem nad na

sak sura sisilana nakitahrepmem raga rotsevni adap nakisadnemokerem aguj angnauek

nakadainem tapad sak sura isamrofni uti niales.mahas nahilimep sativitka malad

reb gnay isnatnuka huragnep .amas gnay awitsirep nad iskasnart padahret adeb

sak sura naropalep irad amatu naujut ,inek malad )9991 ( attokanauT turuneM

kutnu rotiderk nad rotsevni utnabmem naka gnay isamrofni nakirebmem kutnu halada

:

.1 tid naka naknikgnumem gnay sak halmuj naklamareM kutneb malad aynamire

.kokop gnatuh ilabmek narayabmep nad agnub ,nedivid

.2 .idajret nikgnum gnay okiser isaulavegneM

gnatnet isamrofni isireb gnay sak sura,inek malad )0002( hamiaN turuneM

ad iridret isnatnuka edoirep amales raulek nad kusam sak sura narila : ir

)a sak sura utiay isarepo sativitka kutnu nakanugid uata irad lasareb gnay sak surA

nad laujid naka gnay gnarab namirignep uata iskudorp aynada tabika lucnum gnay

sak padahret aynnial awitsirep nad iskasnart irad huragnep atres asaj naaideynep

epmem gnay .natapadnep nautnenep ihuragn

)b sak sura utiay isatsevni sativitka kutnu nakanugid uata irad lasareb gnay sak surA

irad naitnehgnep aynkilabes uata nalaujnep nahelorep aynada irad lasareb gnay

tarus - vitka nad sak nelaviuke nakapurem nakub gnay agrahreb tarus fitkudorp a

malad gnatad naka gnay asamid naahasurep igab taafnamreb nakparahid gnay

.namajnimep atres gnajnap utkaw akgnaj

)c sura utiay naanadnep sativitka kutnu nakanugid uata irad lasareb gnay sak surA

irad namajnimep nataigek aynada irad lasareb gnay sak narayabmep nad rutiderk

kilimep irad lasareb gnay ayad rebmus nahelorep atres tubesret gnatuh ilabmek

.kilimep igab isatsevni sata nalabmi nairemep nad

igabret sak sura naropal ,inek malad )1002( notsuoH nad mahgirB turuneM

:utiay irogotak agit sata

.1 itkA avitka nahaburep nad natusuynep,hisreb abal pukacnem gnay isarepo sativ

.kednep akgnaj gnatuh nad sak niales recnal nabijawek atres recnal

.2 .patet aavitka laujnem uata malad isatsevni pukacnem gnay isatsevni sativitkA

.3 y sak pukacnem gnay naanadnep sativitkA nalajreb nuhat amales helorepid gna

mahas uata,gnajnap akgnaj gnatuh,kednep akgnaj gnatuh naktibrenem nagned

mahas ilabmek ilebmem kutnu nakanugidgnay sak uata nedivid narayabmep atres

.naahasurep sak naknurunem gnay isagilbo uata

tapad gnay edotem 2 adA sativitka irad sak sura nakropalem kutnu nakanugid

: utiay ,lanoisarepo

.1 malad anugreb gnay isamrofni naklisahgnem gnay edotem :gnusgnal edoteM

rebmus gnatnet isamrofni anerak,naped asam sak sura isamitsegnem - rebmus

araulegnep nad oturb sak naamirenep amatu araces helorepid tapad oturb sak n

nabeb,nalaujnep naiauseynep irad nupuam naahasurep natatac irad kiab,gnusgnal

sop nad nalaujnep kokop - .igur abal naropal malad nial sop

.2 araces nakropalem surah naahasurep ini naropalep malad : gnusgnal kadit edoteM

sipret gnay oturb sak naraulegnep nad oturb sak naamirenep amatu kopmolek ha

.naanadnep nad isatsevni sativitka irad lasareb

4.1.2 isnatnukA abaL

abal halada isnatnuka abal ,inek malad )1002( notsuoH nad namhgirB turuneM

naropal malad nakropalid gnay naahasurep hisreb .igur abal

kitsiretkerak ikilimem isnatnuka abal ,inek malad )5002( hadnehus turuneM

: tukireb iagabes

)a .asaj nad gnarab nalaujnep irad lasareb gnay lautca iskasnart adap nakrasadiD

)b .utnetret edoirep amales naahasurep ajrenik adap ucagneM

)c p adap nakrasadiD uata ayaib narukugnep nakulremem gnay natapadnep pisnir

.tsoc cirotsih kutneb malad sesnepxe

)d .naveler gnay ayaib nagned natapadnep aratna nagnidnabrep aynadA

isnatnuka abal naluggnuek nad nahamelek )8002( iifayS damahuM turuneM

: halada

uka abal naluggnueK : halada isnatn

.1 .imonoke nasutupek nalibmagnep utnabmem kutnu taafnamreb isnatnuka abaL

.2 gnay lautca atkaf/iskasnart adap nakrasadid anerak aynnaranebek ijuid tapaD

.fitkejbo itkub gnukudid

.3 kagnem kadit isnatnuka abal aynitra emsitavresnok airetirc ihunemeM abal iu

nailadnegnep naujut kutnu taafnamreb gnadnapid hisam,isasilaerid gnay

.nemejanam nabawajgnuggnatrep amaturet

: halada isnatnuka abal nahameleK

.1 isasilaerid muleb gnay avitka ialin nakianek iukagnem lagag isnatnuka abaL

irp anerak edoirep utaus malad .aynisasilaer pisnirp nad sirotsih ayaib pisn

.2 nagnidnabrep tilusrepmem sirotsih ayaib adap nakrasadid gnay isnatnuka abaL

nad tsoc nagnutihrep edotem naadebrep aynada anerak nagnauek naropal

.aynisakola edotem

.3 er pisnirp adap nakrasadid gnay isnatnuka abaL nad sirotsih ayaib,isasila

.naveler kadit nad naktaseynem gnay atad naklisahgnem tapad emsitavresnok

5.1.2 naahasureP eziS

( naahasurep narukU ezis nakgnabmitrepid surah gnay rotkaf utas halas nakapurem )

k ikilimem raseb naahasureP .ladom rutkurts nasutupek malad raseb gnay anad nahutube

nahutubek nahunemep fitanretla utas halas nad naahasurep sativitka iayaibmem kutnu

aynlicek raseb ,nial atak nagneD .gnatuh nakanuggnem nagned halada tubesret anad

ajibek padahret huragnepreb gnusgnal araces naahasurep utaus naruku ladom rutkurts nak

.naahasurep

( narukU ezis ,nalaujnep,avitka latot nakanuggnem nagned rukuid asib naahasurep )

raseb nakkujnunem gnay ruku kalot utas halaS .tubesret naahasurep irad ladom uata

besret naahasurep irad avitka naruku halada naahasurep aynlicek gnay naahasureP .tu

pahat iapacnem halet tubesret naahasurep awhab nakkujnunem raseb avitka latot ikilimem

paggnaid nad fitisop hadus naahasurep sak sura ini pahat malad anamid naasawedek

les ,amal fitaler gnay utkaw akgnaj malad kiab gnay kepsorp ikilimem aguj uti nia

abal naklisahgnem upmam hibel nad libats hibel fitaler naahasurep awhab naknimrecnem

malad )5002( inairdnI( licek gnay tessa latot nagned naahasurep gnidnabid itainaD aniN

) 6002( iriahus nad .)

malad )2991( ekooC 02( iriahus nad itainaD aniN ,) 60 huragnep itilenem ezis ,naahasurep

nanuhat naropal malad napakgnugnep saul padahret irtsudni sinej nad naratfadnep sutats

.asrubid ratfadret gnay gnapeJ naahasurep eziS gnay gnitnep lebairav nakapurem naahasurep

pal malad napakgnugnep saul naksalejnem irtsudni sinej kutnu nakgnades ,nanuhat naro

saul padahret nakifingis huragnepreb rutkafunam naahasurep awhab nakumetid

.nial irtsudni sinej nagned nakgnidnabid napakgnugnep

kisir adap naahasurep naruku huragnep ianegnem aynnaitilenep malad )9991( otnawsiM o

iraD .sinsib okisir ihuragnepmem naahasurep aynlicek raseb awhab nakumenem sinsib

gnay nruter nad okisir ikilimem licek naahasurep awhab siripme itkub helorepid aynnaitilenep

.raseb naahasurep gnidnabid iggnit hibel

6.1.2 mahaS agraH

nifedid tapad mahaS nadab uata gnaroeses nakilimep uata naatreynep adnat iagabes nakisi

gnay satrek rabmeles halada mahas dujuW .satabret naoresrep uata naahasurep utaus padahret

tarus naktibrenem gnay naahasurep kilimep halada satrek kilimep awhab nakgnarenem

otreK .tubesret kutneb iagabes mahas nakisinifednem inadrawamusuk malad )99:5991( orogen

.naahasurep utaus malad nakilimepek isisop itkub uata )lat ipac ytiuqe( naatreynep ladom

agrahreb tarus halada mahas ,inadrawamusuk malad )7991( gnA trebboR turuneM

ep itkub iagabes .naahasurep utaus malad isutitsni nupuam udividni nakilimep uata naatreyn

: utiay ,agit idajnem igabid tapad aynisgnuf nakrasadreb mahas utaus ialiN

)lanimoN ialiN( eulaV raP .1

)rasaP agraH( ecirP esaB .2

)mahaS agraH( ecirP tekraM .3

mahas agraH naahasurep akiJ .naahasurep utaus irad ialin aguj naknimrecnem

arap helo itanimid kaynab naka tubesret naahasurep mahas akam ,kiab gnay isatserp iapacnem

nagnauek naropal malad id tahil id tapad nahasurep iapac id gnay kiab gnay isatserP .rotsevni

id gnay nakisakilbupmem kutnu nabijawekreb netimE .)netime( naahasurep helo nakisakilbup

rotsevni igab anugreb tagnas ini nagnauek naropaL .utnetret edoirep adap nagnauek naropal

uata ,ilebmem ,laujnem itrepes ,isatsevni nasutupek nalibmagnep malad utnabmem kutnu

.mahas mananem

irad lauj agrah halada mahas rasap agrah inek malad )6991( ojomtaodiw turunreM

.rednukes rasap agrah aguj tubesid ini agraH.nial gnay nagned utas gnay rotsevni

tapad mahas agrah inadrawamusuk malad )64;6991( ojomtaodiW ijdiwaS turuneM

debid : utiay )agit( 3 idajnem naka

lanimoN agraH .a

kutnu netime helo nakpatetid gnay mahas ta kifitres malad mutnacret gnay agraH

.nakraulekid gnay mahas rabmel paites ialinem

anadreP agraH .b

tatacid tubesret mahas agrah utkaw adap nakapurem ini agraH .kefe asrub id

rasap agraH .c

.nial gnay rot sevni nagned utas gnay rotsevni irad lauj agrah halada rasap agraH

.asrub id naktatacid tubesret mahas haletes idajret ini agraH

rotkaF - turunem mahas agrah nakaregrep ihuragnepmem tapad gnay rotkaf

B&notseW taas mahas rabmel rep abal iskeyorp halada inadrawamusuk malad )3991 ( mahgri

,satiuke padahret naahasurep gnatuh isroporp ,abal iskeyorp irad okiser takgnit ,abal helorepid

regrep ihuragnepmem tapad gnay aynnial rotkaF .nedived naigabmep nakajibek atres naka

kajap ,aynm umu adap naimonokerep nataigek itrepes lanretske aladnek halada mahas agrah

.mahas asrub naadaek &

: ini tukireb nasumur malad nakrabmagid tapad mahas agrah nahabureP sitametam araceS

uata nagnutnuek takgnit nakapmurem mahas nruteR irad helorepid gnay natapadnep

idajret halet gnay nruteR .mahas agrahreb tarus isatsevni nemurtsni malad isatsevni

atar nakgnadeS .nruter lautca nakamanid - helo naklisahid upmam nakparahid gnay nruter atar

a nakrasadreb gnatadnem asamid rotsevni uata hisileS .nruter detcepxe halada sisiln

.nruter lamronba halada nruter detcepxe nad nruter lautca aratna naadebrep

naitregneP nruter naidraH malad )7991( gnA treboR turunem )nailabmek takgnit(

,.iSM ,ijdumaP gneguS .H .rD nad aganiS onoiraH nagnutnuek takgnit utiay onoyidrahtkA

iridret nruter nenopmoK .aynnakukalid gnay isatsevni utaus sata ladomep helo itamkinid gnay

:utiay sinej 2 irad

.1 emocni tnerruC

tafisreb gnay narayabmep iulalem helorepid gnay nagnutnuek nakapureM

yabmep itrepes edoirep .ayniagabes nad nedivid ,isagilbo agnub ,otisoped agnub nara

.2 niag latipac

agraH mahaS = )%( mahas agrah nahabureP t – agraH mahaS t-1

agraH mahaS t-1

nagned lauj agrah aratna hisiles aynada anerak amiretid gnay nagnutnuek utiaY

.isatsevni nemurtsni utaus irad mahas ileb agrah niag latipaC irad gnutnagret tagnas

urtsni rasap agrah isatsevni nemurtsni awhab itrareb gnay ,isatsevni nem

lubmit naka akam nagnagadrep aynada nagneD .rasap id nakgnagadrepidsurah

nakirebmem gnay isatsevni nemurtsni utaus ialin nahaburep niag latipac aynraseB.

niag latipac sih nruter sisilana nagned nakukalid edoirep adapidajret gnay sirot

naknigniid gnay nailabmek takgnit aynraseb nakutnetid tapad aggnihes ,aynmulebes

( nruter detcepxe .)

rotsevni helo nakparahid gnay )nailabmek takgnit( nruter nakapurem nruter detcepxE

ap amiretid naka gnay isatsevni utaus sata gnay rotkaF .gnatad naka gnay asam ad

.lanretske rotkaf nad naahasurep lanretni rotkaf itupilem isatsevni utaus nruter ihuragnepmem

rutkurts ,nemejanam isatuper nad satilauk itupilem naahasurep lanretni rotkaF

al takgnit ,gnatuh rutkurts ,naladomrep malad id aynnial nretni isidnok nad iapacid gnay ab

detcepxe( nakparahid gnay lisah isamitse gnutihgnem kutnu sumuR .naahasurep

,ijdumaP gneguS .H .rD,aganiS onoiraH naidraH malad )0002( hayiranuS turunem )nruter

tkA ,.iSM

.2 2 ajniT uluhadreT naitileneP nau

nuhat/itilenep amaN naitilenep luduJ gnay lebairaV

nakanugid

naitilenep lisaH

iwD

inaifhaR,onoyluM,initraM

akziruriahK

)9002(

laicnanif fo tceffe ehT

dna,ezis mrif ,noitar

morf wolf hsac

ni seitivitca gnitarepo

ruter kcots eht n

hsac dna,ezis mrif

gnitarepo morf wolf

, seitivitca

wolf hsaC morf

gnitarepo

ezis mrif,seitivitca

fitisop huragnepreb

nruter kcots padahret

iriahus,itainad aniN

)6002(

nagnudnak huragneP

nenopmok isamrofni

abal,sak sura naropal

naahasurep ezis, rotok

t detcepxe padahre

mahas nruter

huragneP

nagnudnak

isamrofni

naropal nenopmok

ezis ,sak sura

padahret naahasurep

has nruter detcepxe

sativitka sak surA

nad isatsevni,isarepo

ezis ,naanadnep

naahasurep

fitisop huragnepreb

detcepxe padahret

mahas nruter

M ) 7002 ( iifayS damahu narila abaL isamrofnI

nenopmok nad sak

padahret sak narila

adap mahas agrah

naahasurep

id rutkafunam

aisenodnI

narila nenopmok

sak

sativitka sak surA


naanadnep

fitisop huragnepreb

mahas agrah padahret

tawotpijT itnairI gnadnE i

) 8002(

nagnudnak huragneP

sura isamrofni

,sak sura nenopmoK

isnatnuka abal

sativitka sak surA


sura nenopmok,sak

isnatnuka abal nad,sak


abal,naanadnep

fitsop huragnepreb


neK )8002 ( i nenopmok huragneP

abal nad sak sura

padahret isnatnuka

mahas agrah

yrtsudni naahasurep

id ratfadret gnay aimik

JEB

sak sura nenopmoK

abal nad

agrah,isnatnuka

mahas

sativitka sak surA


abal,naanadnep

fitsop huragnepreb

dahret mahas agrah pa

lautpesnoK akgnareK 3.2

abal,sak sura nenopmok huragnep ilabmek ijugnem kutnu nakduskamid ini naitileneP

,sata id naiaru adap nakrasadreB.mahas agrah padahret naahasurep naruku nad isnatnuka

tilenep malad narikimep akgnarek ,sitameks araces : tukireb iagabes nakrabmagid tapad ini nai

3.2 rabmaG

narikimeP akgnareK

1H

2H

3H

AGRAH MAHAS

oT saK surA lat

abaL isnatnukA

naahasurep narukU

4.2 sisetopiH nagnabmegneP

1.4.2 mahaS agraH padahret isarepO sativitkA irad saK surA huragneP

nahasimep awhab naklupmiynem aivatko malad )0002( onotraH otnayigoJ nad onoyirT

sura nenopmok 3 malad ek sak sura nagnubuh iaynupmem ,isarepo sak sura aynsusuhk sak

isarepo sativitka irad lasareb gnay sak sura halmuJ.mahas agrah nagned nakifingis gnay

tapad naahasurep ,aynisarepo irad hakapa nakutnenem gnay rotakidni nakapurem

m kutnu pukuc gnay sak sura naklisahgnem naupmamek arahilemem ,namajnip isanule

apnat urab isatsevni nakukalem nad nedived rayabmem ,naahasurep isarepo

sura natakgninep aynada nagned aggniheS .raul irad naanadnep rebmus adap nakladnagnem

op laynis nakirebmem naka isarepo sativitka irad sak id naahasurep ajrenik ianegnem fitis

mahas ilebmem naka rotsevni ayntabika ,rotsevni adapek gnatad naka gnay asam

.mahas agrah naktakgninem naka aynrihka adap gnay tubesret naahasurep

isarepo sativitka irad sak sura iggnit nikameS naikimed nagneD awhab nakkujnunem

naahasurep ajas isarepo sativitka irad anerak ,elbatiforp araces isareporeb upmam naahasurep

.kiab nagned aynsinsib naknalajnem tapad

2.4.2 mahaS agraH padahret isatsevnI sativitkA irad saK surA huragneP

purem isatsevni sativitka irad sak surA nad naamirenep naknimrecnem gnay sak sura naka

naklisahgnem kutnu naujutreb gnay ayad rebmus nagned nagnubuhes sak naraulegnep

nad relliM helo nakitkubid halet siripme araces ini laH .naped asam sak sura nad natapadnep

megnem gnay aivatko malad )5891( kcoR naka isatsevni natakgninep awhab nakaku

naktakgninem naka aynrihka adap gnay gnatadnem asam id sak sura nagned tare nagnubuhreb

sura nakirebmem upmam naka isatsevni natakgninep aynada anerak ini laH .mahas agrah

u naahasurep igab nahabmat sak natakgninep aynadA .aynnatapadnep naktakgninem kutn

agrah aggnihes,asrub id aynmahas ilebmem kutnu rotsevni kiranem naka ini natapadnep

.aguj natakgninep imalagnem naka aynrihka adap mahas nruter nad takgninem naka mahas

d onoyirT irad naitileneP nakkujnunem aguj aivatko malad )0002( onotraH otnayigoJ na

agrah padahret isatsevni sativitka irad sak sura aratna nakifingis gnay nagnubuh aynada

gnay aivatko )0002( hamiaN horhaZ naitilenep nagned aynlah alup naikimeD .mahas

sura awhab lisah nakkujnunem huragnepreb nakifingis araces isatsevni sativitka irad sak

.mahas agrah padahret

naitilenep numaN – irad naitilenep lisah nagned gnakaleb kalotreb tubesret naitilenep

gnay nagnubuh tapadret awhab nakataynem gnay inek malad )8991( gnurunaM reldA

.mahas agrah nagned isatsevni sativitka irad sak sura aratna fitagen

nakkujunem akam isatsevni sativitka irad sak sura takgninem nikames naikimed nagneD

gnatad naka gnay asam id nalisahgnep naktakgninem upmam naka naahasurep awhab .

huragneP 3.4.2 mahaS agraH padahret naanadneP sativitkA irad saK surA

kutnu anugreb gnay sak sura nakapurem naanadnep sativitka irad sak surA

.naahasurep ladom kosamep arap helo naped asam sak sura padahret mialk iskiderpmem

sativitka aynadA - s naktakgninem gnay sativitka itrepes naahasurep naanadnep rebmu

ladom rutkurts naktakgninem upmam urab mahas isime nupuam isagilbo natibrenep

sativitka aynadA .naahasurep - naktakgninem kutnu naahasurep nakukalid gnay sativitka

,rotsevni igab fitisop laynis nakapurem aynnaanadnep takgnaret naka mahas agrah aggnihes

nruter nad agrah padahret naanadnep sativitka irad sak sura huragnep nagned natiakreB.kian

aynada nakumenem aivatko malad )0002( onotraH otnayigoJ nad onoyirT ,mahas

nep sak sura aratna nakifingis gnay nagnubuh adaP .mahas nruter nad agrah nagned naanad

gnay nagnubuh ,aivatko malad )0002( hamiaN horhaZ helo nakukalid gnay naitilenep

.mahas agrah nagned naanadnep sativitka irad sak sura aratna nakumetid aguj nakifingis

ad sak sura takgninem nikames naikimed nagneD akam naaadnep sativitka ir

naka gnay asam id nalisahgnep naktakgninem upmam naka naahasurep awhab nakkujunem

gnatad

4.4.2 mahaS agraH padahret isnatnukA abaL huragneP

nalisahgnep uata isnatnuka abal awhab nakataynem 4002 nagnaueK isnatnukA radnatS

alada )emocni( kutneb malad isnatnuka edoirep amales imonoke taafnam nakianek h

nakianek naktabikagnem gnay nabijawek nanurunep uata avitka nahabmanep uata nakusamep

nakkujnunem isnatnuka abaL .ladom namananep isubirtnok irad lasareb kadit gnay satiuke

nep takgnit naruku nemejanam ajrenik naruku nad mahas gnagemep arap igab nailabmeg

abal akiJ .aivatko malad )7991,gnA trebboR( nagnauek ajrenik naialinep nahurulesek malad

rotsevni akam ,utkaw ek utkaw irad natakgninep nakkujnunem naahasurep utaus isnatnuka

tnu kiratret naka naikimed nagned ,tubesret naahasurep adap aynanad nakisatsevnignem ku

mahas nruter aggnihes ,takgninem nikames naka naahasurep helo ikilimid gnay mahas agrah

ikilimem isnatnuka abaL .aivatko malad )0002,aromamiS yrneH( alup takgninem naka

padahret huragnep .aivatko malad ) 7791,kcocnaH & nworB ( mahas agrah

nopser aynada nakkujnunem aivatko malad )0002( onoskaS idnA ymmiJ naitileneP

nakifingis gnay mahas nruter aynada nagned nakkujnutid gnay rotsevni irad fitisop

al nahaburep aynada padahret nagned aynlah alup naikimeD .takgninem nikames gnay ab

nakumenem gnay aivatko malad )8991( amatU atraddiS nad idnaffA gnutnU naitilenep

takgninem nikames gnay abal nahaburep adap mahas agrah padahret fitisop iskaer aynada

l nahaburep adap fitagen nad aguj adanes ini naitileneP .nurunem nikames gnay aba

malad )0002( idatraH gnabmaB nad ayajiwatrA gnanaL utuP irad naumet lisah nagned

abal nahaburep aratna nakifingis gnay huragnep aynada nakataynem gnay aivatko

s agrah nahaburep nagned isnatnuka fitisop gnay nagnubuh aynada nial atak nagned ,maha

irad naitilenep ,ipatet nakA .mahas agrah nahaburep padahret isnatnuka abal nahaburep irad

huragnepreb kadit isnatnuka abal awhab nakataynem aivatko malad )0002( hamiaN horhaZ

h padahret nakifingis araces .mahas agra

ada gnay nagnurednecek akam ,naahasurep utaus abal raseb nikames naikimed nagneD

aynrihka adap naahasurep abal anerak idajret ini laH . mahas agrah iggnit nikames halada

ahas gnagemep naayakek naktakgninem nad naahasurep ialin naktakgninem naka malad m

.mahas agrah aynkian kutneb

agudiD : 4H .mahaS agraH padahreT fitisoP huragnepreB isnatnukA abal

5.4.2 ( naahasurep narukU huragneP nagneD ) naahasureP eziS detcepxe nruteR

.mahaS

eziS akgnugnep saul naksalejnem gnay gnitnep lebairav nakapurem naahasurep nap

naahasurep awhab nakumetid irtsudni sinej kutnu nakgnades ,nanuhat naropal malad

sinej nagned nakgnidnabid napakgnugnep saul padahret nakifingis huragnepreb rutkafunam

ahasurep naruku huragnep ianegnem aynnaitilenep malad )9991( otnawsiM .nial irtsudni na

.sinsib okisir ihuragnepmem naahasurep aynlicek raseb awhab nakumenem sinsib okisir adap

nruter nad okisir ikilimem licek naahasurep awhab siripme itkub helorepid aynnaitilenep iraD

eb nikames naikimed nagneD.raseb naahasurep gnidnabid iggnit hibel gnay naahasurep ras

aggnihes ,naahasurep id isatsetnireb kutnu rotsevni tanim iggnit nikames akam tubesret

naahasurep licek nikames ,aynkilabes naD .mahas nruter detcepxe ialin alup raseb nikames

tanim licek nikames akam naahasurep helorepid gnay akam tubesret kutnu rotsevni

.mahas nruter detcepxe ialin alup licek nikames aggnihes ,tubesret naahasurep id isatsetnireb

nahaburep agudiD : 5H ezis .mahas agraH padahret huragnepreb naahasurep

III BAB

NAITILENEP EDOTEM

1.3 lepmaS nad isalupoP

nakanugid gnay isalupoP segnareveB & dooF naahasurep halada ini naitilenep malad

id tatacret gnay iradnihgnem kutnu hilipid rutkafunam rotkeS .)IEB( aisenodnI kefE asruB

gnay irtsudni rotkes utaus aratna adebreb gnay irtsudni okisir utiay tceffe lairtsudni aynada

ay nagned utas evisoprup edotem nagned helorepid ini naitilenep malad lepmaS .nial gn

: tukireb iagabes airetirk nagned ,gnilpmas

.1 )IEB( aisenodnI kefE asruB id ratfadret hadus segnareveB & dooF naahasureP

002 iraunaJ 1 mulebes 8 .

.2 raulek kadit segnareveB & dooF naahasureP ( gnitsiled ) )IEB( aisenodnI kefE asruB

002 naitilenep edoirep amales 8– 102 0

.3 tiduaid halet gnay nagnauek naropal naktibreneM segnareveB & dooF naahasureP

002 nuhat irad nednepedni rotidua helo 8- 102 0 .

.4 letes hisreb abal imalagneM segnareveB & dooF naahasureP fitagen gnay kajap ha

002 nuhat natamagnep edoirep amales nagnauek naropal edoirep aud ayngnarukes 8 –

102 0.

1.1.3 lebaT

lepmeS

oN naahasureP amaN

1 retnI ariW ahskA( SEDA )kbT lanoisan

2 )kbT idabA samovaD ( OVAD

3 ) kbT doofsaF ( TSAF

4 )kbT aisenodnI aroyaM ( ROYM

5 ) kbT aisenodnI gnatniB itluM( IBLM

6 ) kbT odnireenoiP ( PSTP

7 arP( NDSP )kbT agaiN akenA adihs

8 )kbT tuaL rakeS (TLKS

9 ) kbT tramS( TRAMS

01 gnidarT dna yrtsudnI kliM ayajartlU ( JTLU

)kbT ynapmoC

11 ) kbT doofodnI ( DOOFODNI

21 aliP agiT ( ASIA )kbT dooF arethajeS r

: rebmuS moc.0005ieb

2.3 naitileneP ataD

naropal irad helorepid gnay rednukes atad nakanuggnem ini naitilenep malad ataD

adap )IEB( aisenodnI kefE asruB id ratfadret gnay segareveB & dooF naahasurep nagnauek

002 nuhat 8- 102 0 gnay asruB ladoM rasaP isnerefeR tasuP id aidesret nad nakisakilbupid halet

.) MPRP ( aisenodnI kefE

3.3 ataD nalupmugneP edoteM

gnay atad naklupmugnem kutnu nakukalid gnay atad nalupmugnep edoteM

kukalem nagned halada nial aratna ini naitilenep malad nakhutubid anamid isatnemukod na

natatac irad gnusgnal atad iracnem silunep - .IEB adap ada gnay nagnauek naropal uata natatac

irad iridret ini IEB irad libmaid gnay rednukes ataD paites naahasurep nagnauek naropal

naahasurep segareveB & dooF iauses nad ratfadret gnay .lepmas nahilimep airetirk nagned

4.3 ataD isilanA kinkeT

: tukireb iagabes halada nakanugid gnay atad isilana kinkeT

.1 ( kisalK ismusA ijU ijU nad isalerokotuA ijU ,satisitsadeksoreteH ijU ,satilamroN ijU

satiraenilokitluM )

.2 ( adnagreB isergeR sisilanA fingis ijU .)t kitsitats ijU( laudividnI retemaraP nkai ijU

amasreB araceS iserger neisifeoK - )F ijU( amas , )2R( isanimreteD sisilanA )

margorp nakanuggnem nagneD ( 61 isrev SSPS laicoS eht rof egakcaP lacitsitatS

ecneicS ).

1.4.3 kisalK ismusA ijU

1.1.4.3 satilamroN ijU

sabeb lebairav ,iserger ledom hakapa ijugnem kutnu naujutreb satilamron ijU

,ilazohG ( kadit uata lamron isubirtsid ikilimem aynaudek takiret lebairav nad

.)011:5002

iay nednepdni lebairav hakapa tahilem kutnu naujutreb satilamron ijU tu

,sak sura nenopmok naahasurep naruku nad isnatnuka abal nedneped lebairav padahret

utiay mahaS agraH .kadit uata lamron nakisubirtsidid aynaudek ,

turunem satilamron isketed malad nasutupek nalibmagnep rasad nakgnadeS

halada )6002( ilazohG :

rag ratikesid rabeynem atad akiJ sirag hara itukignem nad lanogaid si

,lamron isubirtsid alop nakkujnunem aynmargotsih kifarg uata lanogaid

.satilamron ismusa ihunemem iserger ledom akam

itukignem kadit uata nad lanogaid sirag irad huaj rabeynem atad akiJ

kifarg uata ,lanogaid sirag hara alop nakkujnunem kadit margotsih

ismusa ihunemem kadit iserger ledom akam ,lamron isubirtsid

satilamron

2.1.4.3 satisitsadekoreteH ijU

ledom malad hakapa ijugnem kutnu nakanugid ini iju )6002( ilazahG turuneM

iser irad snairav naamaskaditek idajret iserger ek natamagnep utaus irad laud

akiJ .nial natamagnep ecnairav nial natamagnep ek natamagnep utas laudiser irad

tubesid adebreb snairav akij naD .satisitsadekomoh tubesid akam patet

tsadekoreteh idajret kadit halada kiab gnay iserger ledom.satisitsadekoreteh .satisi

anamid ,tolprettacs kifarg adap utnetret alop aynkadit ada tahilem nagned isketeD

iskiderp Y( laudiser halada X ubmus nad ,iskiderpid halet gnay Y ubmus nad X ubmus

- :nasutupek nalibmagnep rasaD .)aynhuggnuses Y

.1 itit itrepes utnetret alop ada akiJ k- gnay utnetret alop utaus kutnebmem ada gnay kitit

idajret halet akam ,)tipmeynem naidumek ,rabelem ,gnabmolegreb( rutret

.satsisitsadekoreteh

.2 kitit atres ,salej gnay gnay alop ada kadit akiJ - hawab id nupuam sata id rabeynem kitit

am ,Y ubmus adap 0 akgna .satisitsadekoreteh idajret ak

3.1.4.3 satiraenilokitluM ijU

satiraenilokitluM ijU nakumetid iserger ledom hakapa ijugnem kutnu naujutreb

kiab gnay iserger ledoM .)nednepedni( sabeb lebairav aratna isalerok aynada

airav aratna id isalerok idajret kadit aynsurahes .nednepedni leb

satiraenilokitluM : irad thailid aguj tapad

.1 aynnawal nad ecnareloT ialiN

.2 noitalni ecnairav )FIV( rotcaf lebairav paites nakujunem gnay naruku audek

nednepedni malaD .aynnial nednepedni lebairav helo naksalejid gnay hakanam

es naitregnep )takiret( nedneped lebairav idajnem nednepedni lebairav paites anahred

satilebairav rukugnem ecnareloT .aynnial nednepedni lebairav padahret sergerid nad

.aynnial nednepedni lebairav helo naksalejid kadit hilipret gnay nednepedni lebairav

areloT ialin idaJ /1=FIV anerak( iggnit FIV ialin nagned amas hadneret gnay ecn

ialiN .)ecnareloT footuc aynada nakujunem kutnu iakapid ayn mumu gnay

satiraenilokitluM .01>FIV ialin nagned amas uata 01.0< ecnareloT ialin halada

4.1.4.3 isalerokotuA ijU

nakanugid isalerokotua ijU nagnapmiynep aynkadit uata ada iuhategnem kutnu

utas adap laudiser aratna idajret gnay isalerok utiay ,isalerokotua kisalk ismusa

surah gnay taraysarP .iserger ledom adap nial natamagnep nagned natamagnep

m malad isalerokotua aynada kadit halada ihunepret naijugnep edoteM .iserger ledo

nibruD iju nagned halada nakanugid gnires gnay - .)WD iju( nostaW

2.4.3 sisilanA adnagreB isergeR

iserger sisilanA reb duskamreb itilenep alib ,itilenep helo nakanugid adnag

d lebairav )aynnurut kian( naadaek anamiagab naklamarem hibel uata aud alib ,nednepe

rotkaf iagabes nednepedni lebairav rotciderp idaJ .)aynialin naknurut kianid( isalupinamid

.2 laminim aynnednepedni lebairav halmuj alib nakukalid naka adnag iserger sisilana

)602:5002 ,onoyiguS(

agreb iserger naamasrep nupadA :tukireb iagabes naksumurid tapad adn

: anamiD

( nedneped lebairav = Y mahas agrah )

0 = X taas adap ubmus nagned gnotop kitit = a

kutnu Y nanurunep uata nakianek( iserger sirag irad nagnirimek = β

utas nahaburep paites – )X nautas

X1 nahaburep = lanoisarepo sak surA

X2 nahaburep = isatsevni sak surA

X 3 nahaburep = naanadnep sak surA

X4 urep narukU nahabureP = naahas

kaca nahalasek = ε

β + α = Y 1X + 1 β2X + 2 β3X + 3 ε

1.2.4.3 )2R( isanimreteD sisilanA

,Y lebairav padahret X lebairav irad nahaburep huragnep iuhategnem kutnU

kutneb nakapurem gnay nagnalib utaus utiay isanimreted neisifeok nakanugid akam

sumur nagned ,isalerok neisifeok irad tardauk : tukireb iagabes

r = DK 2 % 001 x

r ialin mulebeS 2 surah uluhad hibelret ,nalupmisek taubmem kutnu naknugid

.oH nakalonep uata oH naamirenep haread malad katelret ialin hakapa ijuid

2.2.4.3 )t kitsitats ijU( laudividnI retemaraP nkaifingis ijU

t( t ijU - et isalerok neisifeok hakapa nakitkubmem nad gnutihgnem kutnu nakukalid )ts

.kadit uata nakifingis kitsitats araces

utas huragnep huaj aparebes nakkujnunem aynrasad adap t iju ,)5002( ilazahG turuneM

av nakgnarenem malad laudividni araces tnednepedni lebairav .nedneped lebairav isair

: sumur nagned iracid tapad gnutih t nupadA

= 212

rnr

t nagned nakgnidnabid aynlisah naidumeK lebat nakanugid gnay nakifingis farat nagneD .

t anamid %5 halada lebat t = 1- n( 2/α - - .)2

lad ,)5002( onoyiguS ini kahif aud iju nakanuggnem gnay sisetopih naijugnep ma

katelret uata oH naamirenep haread adap adareb ,gnutih t agrah alib awhab ,nautnetek ukalreb

,kaltum agrah halada gnutih t agraH .kalotid aH nad amiretid oH akam ,lebat agrah aratnaid

lid kadit idaj ( uata ) + ( tahi - .ayn )

t gnutih

t akiJ gnutih t > lebat H akam o H nad kalotid a lebairav laisrap araces itrareb ini ,amiretid

.nedneped lebairav padahret nakifingis gnay huragnep iaynupmem nednepedni

t akiJ gnutih t < lebat H akam o H nad amiretid a ini ,kalotid ada kadit laisrap araces itrareb

.nedneped elbairav padahret nednepedni lebairav aratna nakifingis gnay huragnep

3.2.4.3 amasreB araceS iserger neisifeoK ijU - )F ijU( amas

tnednepedni lebairav aumes hakapa ijugnem kutnu nakanugid kitsitats F ijU

iaynupmem amasreb araces huragnep - iracid gnutih F ialin nedneped lebairav padahret amas

: sumur nagned

F gnutih =1/1

/2

2

knRkR

: anamiD

adnag iserger neisifeok = R

tnednepedni lebairav halmuj = k

lepmas atoggna halmuj = n

dnabid naka aynlisah naidumeK F nagned nakgni lebat kd adap nakrasadid nagned

n( = tubeynep kd nad k = gnalibmep -k- ( nakifingis takgniT nad )1 aynlicek raseb halada )

anerak 50,0 halada iakapid gnay nakifingis takgniT .naurilekek taubmem utkaw adap okisir

kawem kutnu tauk pukuc ialinid elbairav aratna nagnubuh ili - .sataid lebairav

F akiJ .1 gnutih F > lebat H akam o kalotid

F akiJ .2 gnutih F < lebat H akam o amiretid

.a R( isanimreteD sisilanA 2)

lebairaV lanoisarepO isinifeD nad naitileneP lebairaV

nednepednI lebairaV

.1 ( lanoisarepo sak surA )1X

halada lanoisarepo sak surA irad naklisahid gnay sak sura halada isarepo sativitkA

nuhat paites aynisarepo malad nitur sativitka nakapurem gnay naahasurep sativitka

naahasurep natapadnep amatu lisahgnep sativitka .natapadnep helorepmem kutnu

apicnirp( )seitivitca eunever l sativitka nakapurem nakub gnay nial sativitka nad

gnay nial awitsirep nad iskasnart irad lasareb aynmumu ,naanadnep nad isatsevni

gnay rotakidni nakapurem nad ,hisreb igur uata abal napatenep ihuragnepmem

arepo irad hakapa nakutnenem pukuc gnay sak naklisahgnem tapad naahasurep is

rayabmem ,naahasurep isarepo naupmamek arahilemem ,namajnip isanulem kutnu

naanadnep rebmus adap nakladnagnem apnat urab isatsevni nakukalem nad nedivid

r.raul irad

kusaM OFC = OFC : sumuR – rauleK OFC

.2 surA ) 2X ( isatsevni sak

halada isatsevni sak surA avitka nasapelep uata nahelorep tukgnaynem gnay sativitka

malad kusamret kadit gnay nial isatsevni atres )racnal kadit avitka( gnajnap akgnaj

p naklupmugnem nad gnau nakmajnimem sativitka pukacnem ,sak arates gnatui

.fitkudorp gnajnap akgnaj avitka nad isatsevni laujnem nad helorepmem atres tubesret

kusaM IFC = IFC :sumuR – rauleK IFC

.3 ) 4X ( naanadnep sak surA

halmuj malad nahaburep naktabikagnem gnay sativitka halada naanadnep sativitkA

iuke isisopmok atres kutnu anugreb naanadnep sak surA .naahasurep namajnip nad sat

ladom kosamep arap helo naped asam sak sura padahret mialk iskiderpmem

.naahasurep

kusam PFC= PFC : sumuR - raulek PFC

.4 ) 4X ( isnatnukA abaL

abal ,inek malad )1002( notsuoH nad namhgirB turuneM hisreb abal halada isnatnuka

.igur abal naropal malad nakropalid gnay naahasurep

: tukireb iagabes naksumurid tapaD

gninraE = TAE – xaT

.5 ) 5X ( naahasurep eziS / naahasurep narukU

gnay naayakek aynlicek raseb nakkujnunem gnay naruku halada naahasurep narukU

.naahasurep helo ikilimid

nedneped elbairaV

.1 mahaS agraH

irad lauj agrah halada mahas rasap agrah inek malad )6991( ojomtaodiw turunreM

.rednukes rasap agrah aguj tubesid ini agraH.nial gnay nagned utas gnay rotsevni

: tukireb iagabes naksumurid tapaD

= )%( mahas agrah nahabureP t agraH mahaS – t agraH mahaS -1

t agraH mahaS -1

5.3 lebaT

lebairaV isasilanoisarepO

lebairaV tnednepednI lebairaV isinifeD retemaraP alakS

lanoisarepo sak surA

)1X(

malad )0002( hamiaN turuneM

halada lanoisarepo sak sura , inek

tabika lucnum gnay sak sura

namirignep uata iskudorp aynada

nad laujid naka gnay gnarab

huragnep atres asaj naaideynep

awitsirep nad iskasnart irad

gnay sak padahret aynnial

ihuragnepmem nautnenep

.natapadnep

kusaM OFC = OFC

– rauleK OFC

oisaR

) 2X ( isatsevni sak surA malad )0002( hamiaN turuneM

halada isatsevni sak sura,inek

aynada irad lasareb gnay sak sura

uata nalaujnep nahelorep

irad naitnehgnep aynkilabes

tarus - ay agrahreb tarus nakub gn

nad sak nelaviuke nakapurem

nakparahid gnay fitkudorp avitka

naahasurep igab taafnamreb

malad gnatad naka gnay asamid

atres gnajnap utkaw akgnaj

kusaM IFC = IFC –

rauleK IFC

oisaR

namajnimep

X ( naanadnep sak surA 3

)

lad )0002( hamiaN turuneM ma

inek halada naanadnep sativitka,

aynada irad lasareb gnay sak sura

irad namajnimep nataigek

ilabmek narayabmep nad rutiderk

nahelorep atres tubesret gnatuh

irad lasareb gnay ayad rebmus

nalabmi nairemep nad kilimep

.kilimep igab isatsevni sata

PFC= PFC kusam -

raulek PFC

oisaR

) 4X( isnatnuka abaL

notsuoH nad namhgirB turuneM

isnatnuka abal ,inek malad )1002(

naahasurep hisreb abal halada

naropal malad nakropalid gnay

.igur abal

gninraE = TAE –

xaT

oisaR

eziS / naahasurep narukU

) 5X ( naahasurep

kU naruku halada naahasurep naru

aynlicek raseb nakkujnunem gnay

helo ikilimid gnay naayakek

.naahasurep

latoT avitka +

nalaujnep

oisaR

) Y ( mahas agraH

)6991( ojomtaodiw turunreM

irad lauj agrah inek malad

gnay nagned utas gnay rotsevni

.nial

graH mahaS t a –

t agraH mahaS -

t agraH mahaS/)1 -1

oisaR

VI BAB

NAITILENEP NASAHABMEP NAD LISAH

1.4 naitileneP lisaH

ianegnem nakukalid naka gnay naitileneP abaL,saK surA latoT huragneP

mahaS agraH padahreT naahasureP narukU nad,isnatnukA id tatacreT gnaY kefE asruB

002 edoireP )IEB( aisenodnI 8- 102 .0

naahasureP segnarevreb & doof naahasurep kopmolek nakapurem rutkafunam

gnay og imalagnem anerak ini naitilenep malad keybo nakidajid kutnu kiranem gnay kilbup

ep natakgnin adap 102 nuhat amatrep retsemes rep aratna id 0 nahasu - rutkafunam nahasurep

.aynnial nahasureP segnarevreb & doof id tatacreT gnaY edoireP )IEB( aisenodnI kefE asruB

002 8- 102 0 kaynabes 21 naitilenep malad lepmas nakidajid naka gnay naahasureP .naahasurep

: halada ini

1.4 lebaT

lepmeS

oN naahasureP amaN

1 )kbT lanoisanretnI ariW ahskA( SEDA

2 )kbT idabA samovaD ( OVAD

3 ) kbT doofsaF ( TSAF

4 )kbT aisenodnI aroyaM ( ROYM

5 ) kbT aisenodnI gnatniB itluM( IBLM

6 ) kbT odnireenoiP ( PSTP

7 )kbT agaiN akenA adihsarP( NDSP

8 )kbT tuaL rakeS (TLKS

9 ) kbT tramS( TRAMS

01 gnidarT dna yrtsudnI kliM ayajartlU ( JTLU

)kbT ynapmoC

11 doofodnI ( DOOFODNI ) kbT

21 )kbT dooF arethajeS raliP agiT ( ASIA

irad helorepid ini ispirks nasilunep malad haloid gnay atad rebmuS troper laicnanif nad

aunnA troper l naahasurep gnarevreB & dooF se ataD . - sutis id aidesret gnay atad

//:ptth .www moc.0005ieb atad aguj nad - .)IEB( aisenodnI kefE asruB id aidesret gnay atad

rebmuS - abal naropal ,acaren irad iridret gnay nagnauek naropal nial aratna tubesret rebmus

nagnauek naropal sata natatac nad ,igur 002 nuhat 8 02 nagned iapmas 01 .

mahaS agraH 1.1.4 nahasureP adap segnareveb & dooF

aparebeb helo nakutnetid ladom rasap id kutnebret gnay agrah halada mahas agraH

agrah padahret abal oisar ,erahs rep gninrae uata mahas rabmel rep abal itrepes rotkaf

elrep takgnit irad rukuid gnay okiser sabeb agnub takgnit ,oitar gninrae ecirp uata mahas rabm

naahasurep isarepo naitsapek takgnit nad hatniremep otisoped agnub

: ini tukireb nasumur malad nakrabmagid tapad mahas agrah nahabureP sitametam araceS

mahas agrah nahabureP = )%( agraH mahaS t – agraH mahaS t-1

agraH mahaS t-1

samrofnI ianegnem i halmuj mahas agrah nahasureP adap y segnareveB & dooF tatacreT gna

id P )IEB( aisenodnI kefE asruB e 002 edoir 8- 102 0 : ini tukireb 2.4 lebat adap tahilid tapad

2.4 lebaT

ratfaD agraH nahasureP adap mahaS fitomotO

.oN netimE amaN aD ( mahaS agraH ) pR mal

ataR - atar 8002 9002 0102

1 SEDA

00,522

00,046

00,010.1

00,526

2 OVAD

00,85

00,05

47 00,

76,06

3 TSAF

00,000.3

00,055.4

00,006.7

00,050.5

4 ROYM OO,O41.1

00,005.4

00,057.01

33,380.5

5 LM IB

00,005.94

00,001.051

00,059.472

33,381.851

6 PSTP

00,063

00,082

00,532

76,192

7 NDSP

00,021

00,841

00,08

00,611

8 TLKS

00,09

00,051

00,041

76,621

9 ASIA

nahalO ataD : rebmuS

.4 lebat iraD 2 ad halmuj ikilimem gnay naahasurep awhab tahilid tap mahaS agraH

002 nuhat adap rasebret 8 halada ) kbT aisenodnI gnatniB itluM ( IBLM halmuj nagned agraH

mahaS .pR rasebes 00,005.94 halmuj ikilimem gnay naahasurep nakgnades mahaS agraH

halada hadneret ( OVAD ) kbT idabA samovaD halmuj nagned mahaS agraH .pR 00,85 adaP .

02 nuhat 90 halmuj ikilimem gnay naahasurep mahaS agraH helo ikilimid hisam rasebret

) kbT aisenodnI gnatniB itluM ( IBLM halmuj nagned mahaS agraH pR rasebes 00,001.051 .

nay naahasurep nakgnades halmuj ikilimem g mahaS agraH hadneret helo ikilimid hisam

) kbT idabA samovaD ( OVAD halmuj nagned mahaS agraH pR 00,05 . 02 nuhat adap naD 01

halmuj ikilimem gnay naahasurep mahaS agraH helo ikilimid hisam rasebret itluM ( IBLM

) kbT aisenodnI gnatniB agned halmuj n mahaS agraH .pR rasebes 00,059.472 nakgnades ,

halmuj ikilimem gnay naahasurep mahaS agraH helo ikilimid hisam hadneret ( OVAD

) kbT idabA samovaD halmuj nagned mahaS agraH .pR 00,47 . atar halmuj irad tahilid akiJ -

atar mahas agrah nuhat agit amales 002 nuhat aratna utiay 8- 02 01 ikilimem gnay naahasurep ,

halmuj mahas agrah halada rasebret rasebes ) kbT aisenodnI gnatniB itluM ( IBLM

00,524 00,063 00,087 76,125

0 1 TRAMS

00,007.1

00,055.2

00,000.5

33,380.3

11 JTLU

00,008

00,065

00,012.1

76,658

21 DOOFODNI

00,039

00,055.3

00,578.4

33,811.3

ataR - atar

38,558.8

33,381.851 , halada hadneret mahas agrah halmuj nagned nakgnadeS samovaD ( OVAD

) kbT idabA .pR rasebes 76,06 . lebat iraD awhab iuhatekid tapad aguj 2.4 mahas agrah atar -

irad atar 1 naahasurep 2 segnareveb & dooF .pR halada nuhat 3 amales . 38,558.8

2.1.4 saK surA latoT nahasureP adap

.4 lebaT 3

ratfaD saK surA latoT nahasureP adap segnareveb & dooF

.oN amaN

netimE

ra latot sak su ataR - atar

8002 9002 0102

1 SEDA

00,113.92

00,174.83

00,076.51

33,718.72

2 OVAD

00,755.038.142.092

00,875.371.093.785

00,879.164.495.792

00,173.551.247.193

3 TSAF

00,875.371.093.785

00,352.234.473

00,101.702.473

33,779.072.640.691

4 ROYM

00,364.996.033.613

00,704.916.285.123

501.274 00,415.136.

76,497.613.600.073

5 IBLM

00,948.672

00,261.733

00,585.602

00,235.372

6 PSTP

00,206.135.668.7

86.442.7 00,290.8

00,408.301.323.01

76,238.701.874.8

7 NDSP

00,835.776.665.26

00,992.929.533.65

00,992.929.533.65

76,873.548.214.85

8 TLKS

00,427.975.158.21

779.655.420.01 00,

00,170.469.612.5

00,429.663.463.9

9 ASIA

00,484.287.872.02 00,339.727.225.12 00,975.980.724.51 76,899.991.670.91

01 TRAMS

00,851.482.772.084

794 00,775.

00,179.292

76,865.196.290.061

11 JTLU

00,577.988.968.261

00,216.869.978.412

00,853.703.021.383

76,185.883.326.352

21

DOOFODNI

00,802.172.4

00,038.474.4

00,199.823.01

00,343.853.6

ataR - atar

89,551.054.243.37


.4 lebat iraD 3 halmuj ikilimem gnay naahasurep awhab tahilid tapad saK surA latoT

rasebret 002 nuhat adap 8 halada TSAF ( ) doofsaF halmuj nagned sak sura latot .pR rasebes

00,875.371.093.785 hadneret halmuj ikilimem gnay naahasurep nakgnades , sak sura latot

halada SEDA )kbT lanoissanretnI ariW ahsakA( halmuj nagned sak sura latot .pR 00,113.92

P 02 nuhat ada 90 halmuj ikilimem gnay naahasurep sak sura latot helo ikilimid rasebret

OVAD ) kbT idabA samovaD ( .pR rasebes halmuj nagned 00,875.371.093.785 nakgnades ,

halmuj ikilimem gnay naahasurep sak sura latot halada hadneret SEDA ariW ahsakA(

anretnI )kbT lanoiss .pR halmuj nagned 00,174.83 02 nuhat adap naD . 01 gnay naahasurep

halmuj ikilimem sak sura latot rasebret nagned ) kbT aisenodnI aroyaM( ROYM halada

halmuj sak sura latot ,00,415.136.501.274 halmuj ikilimem gnay naahasurep nakgnades latot

sura sak helo ikilimid hisam hadneret SEDA )kbT lanoissanretnI ariW ahsakA( nagned

halmuj sak sura latot .pR .00,076.51 atar halmuj irad tahilid akiJ - atar sak sura latot amales

002 nuhat aratna utiay nuhat agit 8- 02 01 halmuj ikilimem gnay naahasurep , sura latot sak

halada rasebret OVAD rasebes ) kbT idabA samovaD ( .pR 00,173.551.247.193 , nakgnadeS

halmuj nagned sak sura latot halada hadneret SEDA )kbT lanoissanretnI ariW ahsakA(

.pR rasebes .33,718.72 .4 lebat iraD 3 awhab iuhatekid tapad aguj sak sura latot atar - irad atar

1 naahasurep 2 segnareveb & doof .pR halada nuhat 3 amales . 651.054.243.37

3.1.4 isnatnukA abaL nahasureP adap

amales imonoke taafnam nakianek halada )emocni( nalisahgnep uata isnatnuka abal

habmanep uata nakusamep kutneb malad isnatnuka edoirep nanurunep uata avitka na

isubirtnok irad lasareb kadit gnay satiuke nakianek naktabikagnem gnay nabijawek

arap igab nailabmegnep takgnit naruku nakkujnunem isnatnuka abaL .ladom namananep

alinep nahurulesek malad nemejanam ajrenik naruku nad mahas gnagemep ajrenik nai

nagnauek .

gninraE = TAE – xaT

.4 lebaT 4

ratfaD ) KAL ( isnatnukA abaL nahasureP adap segnareveB & dooF

.oN amaN

netimE

isnatnukA abaL ataR - atar

8002 9002 0102

1 SEDA - 00,802.51 ,123.61 00 00,956.13 00,429.01

2 OVAD - 00,813.846.156.015 00,409.939.847.622 - 00,576.738.584.62 - 33,236.808.826.452

3 TSAF 00,889.762.521 00,485.699.181 00,771.795.991 33,619.359.861

4 ROYM 00,396.940.032.691 00,433.219.751.273 00,515.202.680.484 5.127.428.053 00,41

5 IBLM 00,703.222 00,854.043 00,629.244 33,032.533

6 PSTP 00,719.221.782.4 00,750.935.849.01 00,583.336.667.51 00,354.890.433.01

7 NDSP 00,809.902.844.9 00,951.818.944.23 00,336.420.919.21 00,009.053.272.81

8 TLKS 00,656.320.172.4 ,979.725.208.21 00 00,439.135.338.4 76,981.163.203.7

9 ASIA 00,556.651.686.82 00,254.577.667.73 00,515.371.758.57 00,478.107.634.74

01 TRAMS 00,741.762.983.640.1 00,313.36 00,229.642.1 33,721.958.697.843

11 JTLU 00,402.105.117.303 00,091.258.251.16 00,538.342.321.701 1 33,670.991.923.75

21 DOOFODNI 00,983.430.1 00,168.570.2 00,168.570.2 76,307.827.1

ataR - atar 28,316.529.192.43


.4 lebat iraD 4 halmuj ikilimem gnay naahasurep awhab tahilid tapad KAL rasebret

002 nuhat adap 8 halada TRAMS nagned KAL rasebes halmuj .pR 00,741.762.983.640.1 ,

halmuj ikilimem gnay naahasurep nakgnades KAL halada hadneret idabA samovaD ( OVAD

kbT halmuj nagned KAL .pR - 00,813.846.156.015 02 nuhat adaP . 90 gnay naahasurep

halmuj ikilimem KAL rasebret halada odnI aroyaM ( ROYM ) kbT aisen halmuj nagned KAL

rasebes .pR 00,433.219.751.273 halmuj ikilimem gnay naahasurep nakgnades , KAL hadneret

) kbT idabA samovaD ( OVAD helo ikilimid hisam halmuj nagned KAL .pR -

00,409.939.847.622 02 nuhat adap naD . 01 almuj ikilimem gnay naahasurep h KAL rasebret

helo ikilimid hisam ) kbT aisenodnI aroyaM ( ROYM halmuj nagned KAL .pR

00,515.202.680.484 halmuj ikilimem gnay naahasurep nakgnades , KAL hisam hadneret

helo ikilimid ) kbT idabA samovaD ( OVAD halmuj nagned KAL .pR - .576.738.584.62

id akiJ atar halmuj irad tahil - atar KAL 002 nuhat aratna utiay nuhat agit amales 8- 02 01 ,

halmuj ikilimem gnay naahasurep KAL halada rasebret ) kbT aisenodnI aroyaM ( ROYM

.pR rasebes 00,415.127.428.053 , halmuj nagned nakgnadeS KAL ( OVAD halada hadneret

dabA samovaD ) kbT i rasebes .pR - 00,470.691.008.542 . .4 lebat iraD 4 iuhatekid tapad aguj

awhab KAL atar - irad atar 1 naahasurep 2 segnareveb & doof halada nuhat 3 amales .pR

.894.724.974.43

4.1.4 naahasureP narukU nahasureP adap segnarevreB & dooF

eziS purem naahasurep napakgnugnep saul naksalejnem gnay gnitnep lebairav naka

naahasurep awhab nakumetid irtsudni sinej kutnu nakgnades ,nanuhat naropal malad

sinej nagned nakgnidnabid napakgnugnep saul padahret nakifingis huragnepreb rutkafunam

nial irtsudni P. p naruku huragne raseb awhab nakumenem sinsib okisir adap naahasure

.sinsib okisir ihuragnepmem naahasurep aynlicek

latoT = naahasureP narukU avitka + nalaujnep

.4 lebaT 5

ratfaD ) PKU ( naahasureP narukU nahasureP adap segnareveb & dooF

nahalo ataD : rebmuS

.4 lebat iraD 5 ikilimem gnay naahasurep awhab tahilid tapad halmuj PKU nuhat adap rasebret

002 8 halada ) kbT aisenodnI aroyaM ( ROYM nagned PKU halmuj rasebes

,00,630.514.899.222.92.pR kgnades ikilimem gnay naahasurep na halmuj PKU hadneret

halada ) kbT lanoitanretnI ariW ahsakA ( SEDA nagned halmuj PKU 00,510.581 .pR adaP .

02 nuhat 90 ikilimem gnay naahasurep halmuj PKU rasebret halada TRAMS nagned halmuj

PKU rasebes ,00,359.909.495.012.01 .pR s ikilimem gnay naahasurep nakgnade halmuj PKU

.oN amaN

netimE

naahasureP narukU aR at - atar

8002 9002 0102

1 SEDA 00,510.581 00,782.871 00,394.423 00,562.922

2 OVAD 00,796.432.470.026.3 00,933.190.710.608.2 00,745.816.402.758.2 76,725.189.134.490.3

3 TSAF 00,518.857.487 00,438.804.140.1 00,440.340.632.1 76,798.637.020.1

4 OYM R 00,630.514.899.222.92 00,259.515.894.642.3 00,535.531.191.993.4 00,148.886.265.982.21

5 IBLM 00,983.149 00,564.399 00,280.731.1 76,879.320.1

6 PSTP 00,811.752.557.18 071,852,766,09 00,421.019.800.901 33,747.550.885.36

7 NDSP 00,873.700.569.682 00,766.905.826.353 00,766.905.826.353 33,732.243.704.133

8 TLKS 00,104.944.300.102 00,956.820.681.691 00,964.244.573.991 76,905.379.458.891

9 ASIA 00,151.557.759.610.1 00,678.440.928.865.1 00,831.144.949.639.1 00,550.747.875.705.1

01 TRAMS .520.01 00,780.029.519 00,359.909.495.012.01 00,831.144.949.639.1 00,627.324.351.193.7

11 JTLU 00,600.973.646.047.1 00,436.499.107.237.1 00,062.267.595.600.2 00,003.540.846.628.1

21 DOOFODNI 00,903.195.93 00,359.283.04 00,559.572.74 00,937.614.24

ataR - atar

22,142.384.412.533.1

halada hadneret ) kbT lanoitanretnI ariW ahsakA ( SEDA nagned halmuj PKU .pR

00,782.871 02 nuhat adap naD 01 ikilimem gnay naahasurep halmuj PKU ikilimid rasebret

helo ) kbT aisenodnI aroyaM ( ROYM nagned almuj h PKU ,00,535.531.191.993.4 .pR

ikilimem gnay naahasurep nakgnades halmuj PKU helo ikilimid hisam hadneret ( SEDA

) kbT lanoitanretnI ariW ahsakA nagned PKU halmuj .00,394.423 .pR

irad tahilid akiJ halmuj atar - atar PKU at aratna utiay nuhat agit amales 002 nuh 8- 02 01 ,

ikilimem gnay naahasurep halmuj PKU halada rasebret ) kbT aisenodnI aroyaM ( ROYM

.pR rasebes ,00,148.886.265.982.21 nagned nakgnadeS halmuj PKU halada hadneret SEDA

.pR rasebes ) kbT lanoisanretnI ariW ahsakA( .00,562.922 .4 lebat iraD 4 aguj iuhatekid tapad

awhab PKU atar - irad atar 1 naahasurep 2 segnareveb & doof halada nuhat 3 amales .pR

.468.216.965.103.1

5.1.4 naitileneP lebairaV fitpirkseD kitsitatS

atar ialin iracnem anug nakukalid naitilenep malad fitpirksed kitsitatS - ( atar naem nad )

ats irad isaived radn mahaS agraH naahasureP narukU nad,isnatnukA abaL,saK surA latoT

002 nuhat irad 8- 102 0.

6.4 lebaT

scitsitatS evitpircseD

naeM

.dtS

noitaiveD N

mahas_agrah_nL 8812.7 60450.2 03

aahasurep_naruku_nL

n 2165.32 68779.5 03

sak_sura_latot_nL 6879.02 53296.5 03

scitsitatS evitpircseD

naeM

.dtS

noitaiveD N

mahas_agrah_nL 8812.7 60450.2 03

aahasurep_naruku_nL

n 2165.32 68779.5 03

sak_sura_latot_nL 6879.02 53296.5 03

isnatnuka_abal_nL 7088.02 47595.5 03

002 nuhat kutnu fitpirksed kitsitatS 8- 102 0 mahas agraH .21 mahas agrah halmuj irad

atar ialin iaynupmem - ( atar naem ) 8812.7 aynisaived radnats nakgnades 60450.2 ialiN

in nad 93,1 mahas agraH muminim mumiskam ial 12,11 nednepedni lebairav kutnu kitsitatS

)a :irad iridret saK surA latoT ialin ikilimem naem 6879.02 aynisaived radnats nad 53296.5 .

04,32 muminim ialiN mumiskam nad )b 04,32 isnatnukA abaL ialin ikilimem naem 7088.02

aynisaived radnats nad 47595.5 ,0 muminim ialiN 22 aynmumiskam nad 02,6 )c narukU

naahasureeP ialin ikilimem naem 2165.32 aynisaived radnats nad 68779.5 muminim ialiN

50,0 08,0 mumiskam nad .

6.1.4 kisalK ismusA ijU

1.6.1.4 satilamroN ijU

ilem kutnu naujutreb satilamron naijugneP nednepedni lebairav hakapa tah surA latoT

naahasureP narukU nad,isnatnukA abaL,saK ( nedneped lebairav atres mahaS agraH )

nakanugid atad satilamron ijugnem kutnU .kadit uata lamron araces isubirtsidret lamron

tolp ytilibaborp p tahilem nagned isketed utiay , lanogaid ubmus adap )kitit( atad narabeyne

,kifarg irad nakanuggnem asib aguj non kitsitats iju - vorogomloK kitemarap - K( vonrimS - )S

.%5> sataid aynisnakifingis takgnit tarays nagned

ret nagned nakukalid ini naitlenep malad sisetopih naijugneP )5002( ilazohG hibel

kifarg natakednep awhab nakataynem nakanuggnem nagned atad satilamron ijugnem uluhad

P lamroN - laudiser dezidradnats noisserger fo P satilamron ijugnem kutnu nakanugid tapad

.atad kifarg adap lanogaid sirag ratikesid rabeynem atad akiJ P lamroN - r fo P noisserge

laudiser dezidradnats ledom akam ,tubesret lanogaid sirag hara itukignem nad iserger

huaj rabeynem atad aynkilabes akij ipatet ,satilamron ismusa ihunemem kadit itrareb

kifarG .tubesret satilamron ismusa ihunemem P lamroN - dradnats noisserger fo P dezi

laudiser non citsitats iju nad - .ini tukireb iagabes halada kitamirap

1.4 rabmaG

2.4 rabmaG

kifarg natakednep nakanuggnem nagned atad satilamron iju lisaH P lamroN - noisserger fo P

laudiser dezidradnats rabesret atad awhab nakkujnunem ratikesid kifarg adap lanogaid sirag

P lamroN - laudiser dezidradnats noisserger fo P tubesret lanogaid sirag hara itukignem nad

.anrupmes kadit nupiksem isubirtsidreb halet atad awhab nakkujnunem ini iju lisah nagneD

lamron .

7.4 lebaT

enO - vorogomloK elpmaS - eT vonrimS ts

ezidradnatsnU

laudiseR d

N 03

sretemaraP lamroN a naeM 0000000.

noitaiveD .dtS 13923724.1

emertxE tsoM

secnereffiD

etulosbA 601.

evitisoP 280.

evitageN - 601.

vorogomloK - Z vonrimS 285.

2( .giS .pmysA - )deliat 788.

mroN si noitubirtsid tseT .a .la

.2102 ,61 SSPS iulalem haloid ataD :rebmuS

.4 lebat adap naijugnep lisah nakrasadreB 7 sata id nagned utiay non kitsitats iju -

vorogomloK kitemarap - K( vonrimS - )S , ialin vorogomloK - rasebes vonrimS 788,0 kadit nad

anerak ( 50,0 adap nakifingis 788,0 H .)50,0> naijugnep hadiak nagned iauses ini la atik idaJ .

uata lamron araces isubirtsidret laudiser awhab nakatagnem gnay oH kalonem tapad kadit

.lamron isubirtsidreb laudiser nial atak nagned iserger ledom awhab aynnalupmiseK

.satilamron ismusa ihunemem

4 2.6.1. satiraenilokitluM ijU

.nednepedni elbairav ratna isalerok iuhategnem kutnu nakanugid satireinilokitlum ijU

nednepedni lebairav aratna isalerok tapadret kadit gnay ledom halada kiab gnay iserger ledoM

hadner aynnednepedni lebairav ratna isalerok uata lebairav alibapa idajret satiraenilokitluM .

nagned isalerokreb nednepedni lebairav nial atak nagned uata nial amas utas nedneped

nakrasadreb tahilid tapad satiraenilokitlum ismusa naijugnep lisaH .nial nednepedni lebairav

ialin ecnairav rotcaf noitalfni ( satirainelokitlum aynkadit uata ada tahilem kutnU ,)FIV

adap nakrasadid eulav ecnarelot nad ecnairaV ehT rotcaF noitalfnI sataB .)FIV( ecnarelot

eulav nakkujnunem asilana lisah alibapa ,idaJ .01 halada FIV nad 01,0 halada eulav ecnarelot

01,0 ialin sataid 5002 ,ilazohG( satirainelokitlum idajet kadit akam 01 ialin hawabid FIV nad

nad ecnareloT ini tukireb .

8.4 lebaT

satiraeinilokitluM naijugneP lisaH

ledoM

scitsitatS ytiraenilloC

ecnareloT FIV

1 )tnatsnoC(

naahasurep_naruku_nL 120. 674.84

_nL latot sak_sura_ 192. 434.3

isnatnuka_abal_nL 120. 793.84

ser :elbairaV tnednepeD .a

2102 ,61 ssps iulalem haloid ataD ; rebmuS

.4 lebaT 8 tubesret lisah iraD .satiraenilokitlum iju sisilana lisah nakkujnunem

lajeg idajret kadit iserger ledom awhab iuhatekid aumes tapadret anerak ,satiraenilokitlum a

ialin ikilimem utiay nakutnetid gnay tarays nagned iauses lebairav ecnarelot > < FIV nad 1,0

.01

3.6.1.4 satkisisadekoreteH ijU

idajret iserger ledom malad hakapa ijugnem kutnu naujutreb satisitsadeksoreteh ijU

ek ,ilazohG mamI( nial gnay natamagnepek natamagnep utas laudiser nad nairav naamaskadit

laudiser sisilana nakanuggnem nagned halada satisitsadekoreteh ijugnem kutnu talA )5002

rabmaggnem arac nagned aynsisilanA .kifarg apureb tolp rettacs )racnep margaid(

em ialin nakanuggn laudiser dezitneduts nad eulav detciderp dezidradnats . aynnial sisilanA

.%5> sataid aynisnakifingis ialin nautnetek nagned utiay resjelG ijU nakanuggnem asib

adap sisilanA rettacs tolp tisitsadeksoreteh aynkadit uata idajret nakataynem gnay :halada sa

kitit itrepes utnetret alop ada akiJ - niop( kitit - gnay utnetret alop kutnebmem ada gnay )niop

idajret halet akam )tipmeynem naidumek ,rabelem ,gnabmolegreb( rutaret

.satisitsadeksoreteh

kitit atres ,salej gnay alop ada kadit akiJ - d rabeynem kitit adap 0 akgna hawab id nad sata i

.satisitsadeksoreteh idajret kadit akam ,Y ubmus

idajret kadit uata satisitsadeksomoh gnay halada kiab gnay iserger ledoM

iju lisah nakkujnunem ini hawab id 2.4 rabmaG )5002 ,ilazohG( satisitsadeksoreteh

satisitsadeksoreteh .

3.4 rabmaG

satisitsaeksoreteH ijU

2102 ,61 ssps iulalem haloid ataD :rebmuS

kitit aumes awhab tahilid tapad ,sata id 2.4 rabmag nakrasadreB - id rabeynem kitit sata

nakkujnunem ini lah ,salej gnay alop ada kadit nad Y ubmus adap 0 akgna hawab id nad

.ini naitilenep iserger ledom adap satisitsadeksoreteh idajret kadit awhab aynnial sisilanA asib

aynisnakifingis ialin nautnetek nagned utiay resjelG ijU nakanuggnem .%5> sataid malaD

.resjelG ijU nakanuggnem ini naitilenep

9.4 lebaT

resjelG ijU

stneiciffeoC a

ledoM

dezidradnatsnU

stneiciffeoC

ezidradnatS

d

stneiciffeoC

t .giS B rorrE .dtS ateB

1 )tnatsnoC( 134.1 796. 250.2 050.

surep_naruku_nL ha

naa - 120. 981. - 451. - 411. 119.

sak_sura_latot_nL 120. 350. 641. 504. 986.

isnatnuka_abal_nL - 110. 102. - 570. - 650. 659.

ser :elbairaV tnednepeD .a

irad isakifingis ialin helorepid resjelG ijU lisah iraD naahasurep naruku ,0 utiay 119 ,

latoT 986,0 sak sura , 659,0 isnatnuka abaL takgnit alibapA . sura latot,naahasurep naruku

isnatnuka abal,sak tapad idaj ,satisitsadseksoreteh gnudnagnem nakatakid tapad akam ,50,0 <

iaynupmem anerak satisitsadseksoreteh idajret kadit laudiser atad awhab naklupmisid ialin

.50,0> aynisnakifingis

4.6.1.4 isalerokotuA ijU

utas natiakreb utkaw gnajnapes naturureb gnay isavresbo anerak lucnum isalerokotuA

iju nagned halada isalerokotua aynkadit ada isketednem kutnu arac utas halaS .nial amas

nibruD - nostaW ( tseT WD a ijU .) ledom malad hakapa ijugnem kutnu naujutreb isalerokotu

nahalasek nagned t edoirep adap uggnaggnep nahalasek aratna isalerok tapadret raenil iserger

nautnenep nagned ilawaid ini naijugnep araC .aynmulebes t edoirep adap uggnaggnep

utiay ,naijugnep sisetopih .)5002 ,ilazahG( tukireb iagabes nagned ijuid isalerokotua ismusA

nibruD kitsitats iju nakanuggnem - nibruD kitsitats iju lisaH .)WD( nostaW - )WD( nostaW

bat adap tahilid tapad 6.4 le

01.4 lebaT

isalerokotuA ijU

ledoM R S R erauq

R detsujdA

erauqS

fo rorrE .dtS

etamitsE eht

nibruD -

nostaW

1 917. a 715. 164. 34705.1 765.1

mahas_agrah_nL :elbairaV tnednepeD .b

2102 ,61 SSPS iulalem haloid ataD :rebmuS

d ialin nakkujnunem sata id isalerokotua iju lisaH u 4<d< -du gnay 4 = k 63 = n iuhatekid

= Ld ialiN .50,0 = a nad 632,1 4 irad ialin 427,1 = Ud nad - halada Ud 641.2 akaM .

( ,1<632,1 765 )641.2< ini naitilenep iserger ledom naamasrep awhab nakkujnunem ini laH

.fitagen nupuam fitisop isalerokotua idajret kadit nep lisah iraD kisalk ismusa padahret naijug

kisalk ismusa nup utas ada kadit awhab nakkujnunem lisah aumes ,sata id nakukalid gnay

irad sabeb nakatakid tapad naitilenep lepmas aggniheS .naitilenep lepmas adap tapadret gnay

ad halet iserger iju tarays akam ,kisalk ismusa .ihunepret tap

7.1.4 sisetopiH naijugneP

1.7.1.4 adnagreB raeniL isergeR edoteM

yrammuS ledoM b

ijugnem kutu nakanugid gnay edotem nakapurem adnagreb reinil iserger edoteM

aks nagned nedneped lebairav hibel uta aud huragnep .reinil naamasrep utaus malad oisar al

,ilazohG( ialin nad atnatsnok ialin tahilid tapad ini hawab id 11.4 lebat nakrasadreB .)5002

.lebairav paites kutnu neisifeok

11.4 lebaT

isergeR naamasreP neisifeoK

stneiciffeoC a

ledoM

C dezidradnatsnU stneiciffeo

dezidradnatS

stneiciffeoC

B rorrE .dtS ateB

1 )tnatsnoC( 178.21 502.1

naahasurep_naruku_nL - 532.1 623. - 395.3

nL _latot_ sak_sura - 290. 190. - 452.

isnatnuka_abal_nL 412.1 843. 803.3

mahas_agrah_nL :elbairaV tnednepeD .a

ataD :rebmuS 2102 ,61 SSPS iulalem haloid rednukes

molok adap iserger naamasrep kutnu atnatsnok ialiN stneiciffeoc dezidradnatsnu utiay

rasebes 178,21 ialin nahurulesek alibapa nakkujnunem tubesret ialiN . narukU

isnatnukA abaL nad,saK surA latoT,naahasureP ,0 ialinreb agraH nahaburep ialin akam

rasebes utiay aynatnatsnok ialin rasebes naka mahaS .178,21

:tukireb iagabes iserger naamasrep kutnebret akam sata id 9.4 lebat iraD

= Y 178,21 - 290,0 X1 412,1+ X2- 532,1 X3+ 502,1 𝜀

: anamiD

Y = mahaS agraH

X1 = )KAT( saK surA latoT

X2 = )KAL(isnatnukA abaL

X3 = )PKU( naahasureP narukU

𝜀 = rorre / uggnaggnep lebairaV

( kutnu iserger neisifeoK β1 rasebes ) - 290,0 adnatreb nad fitagen awhab itrareb ini lah ,

s utas nahaburep paites adap nauta )KAT( saK surA latoT aynnial lebairav ismusa nagned

akam ,patet mahaS agraH rasebes nahaburep imalagnem naka - 290,0 gnay hara nagned

adebreb .

( kutnu iserger neisifeoK β2 rasebes ) 412,1 adnatreb nad fitisop awhab itrareb ini lah ,

haburep paites nautas utas na )KAL( isnatnukA abaL aynnial lebairav ismusa nagned adap

akam ,patet mahaS agraH rasebes nahaburep imalagnem naka 412,1 gnay hara nagned amas .

( kutnu iserger neisifeoK β3 rasebes ) - 532,1 adnatreb nad fitagen awhab itrareb ini lah ,

rep paites adap nautas utas nahabu )PKU( naahasureP narukU aynnial lebairav ismusa nagned

akam ,patet mahaS agraH imalagnem naka rasebes nahaburep - 532,1 gnay hara nagned

adebreb .

2.7.1.4 isanimreteD neisifeoK

renem uata tahilem kutnu nakanugid isanimreteD neisifeoK raseb aparebes nakgna

.nedneped lebairav isairav naksalejnem tapad nednepedni lebairav malad snairav esatnesorp

lebairav isairav helo naksalejid tapad gnay nedneped lebairav isairav raseb nikameS

mreted neisifeok iju lisaH .aynkilabes nuputigeb ,nednepedni 8.4 lebat adap tahilid tapad isani

.ini hawabid

21.4 lebaT

isanimreteD neisifeoK

yrammuS ledoM b

ledoM R erauqS R

R detsujdA

erauqS

fo rorrE .dtS

etamitsE eht

nibruD -

nostaW

1 917. a 715. 164. 34705.1 765.1

elbairaV tnednepeD .b mahas_agrah_nL :

kutneb malad( isanimreted neisifeok ialin helorepid isamitse lisah iraD R detsujda

erauqs ,0 rasebes ) 164 uata 1,64 .% ,aynitrA 1,64 .% tapad naahasurep mahas agraH irad

helo naksalejid ureP narukU,)KAL(isnatnukA abaL,)KAT( saK surA latoT )PKU( naahas ,

aynasis nakgnades %05 .naitilenep ledom raul id nial rotkaf helo naksalejid

3.7.1.4 F kitsitatS ijU

kutnu nakanugid F kitsitats ijU uata ledom nakiabek iuhategnem tif fo ssendoog adap

ini naitilenep malad iserger naamasrep . iju lisah tukireB : F

31.4 lebaT

F kitsitatS ijU

:rebmuS

ataD

haloid

iulalem

,61 ssps

2102

rasebes halada gnutihF ialin awhab tahilid tapad sata id 31.4 lebat nakrasadreB 282,9

nakrasadreb akam ,50,0 < 000,0 rasebes satilibaborp ialin nad 88,2 elbatF nad ledom akaM

awhab nakatakid tapad uata mahaS agraH iskiderpmem kutnu nakanugid tapad iserger latoT

)PKU( naahasureP narukU nad,)KAL( isnatnukA abaL,)KAT( saK surA amasreb araces , - amas

.mahaS agraH padahret huragnepreb

4.7.1.4 t kitsitatS ijU

akapurem t ijU lebairav naijugnep n - udividni uata laisrap araces nednepedni lebairav

araceS .natsnok aynnial nednepedni lebairav paggnagnem nagned nedneped lebairav padahret

: tukireb 41.4 lebat adap tahilid tapad nakirebid gnay nasutupek nad naijugnep lisah sakgnir

AVONA b

ledoM

fo muS

serauqS fd erauqS naeM F .giS

1 noissergeR 572.36 3 290.12 282.9 000. a

laudiseR 180.95 62 272.2

latoT 653.221 92

,sak_sura_nL ,isnatnuka_abal_nL ,)tnatsnoC( :srotciderP .a

aahasurep_naruku_nL n

mahas_agrah_nL :elbairaV tnednepeD .b

41.4 lebaT

t ijU

stneiciffeoC a

2102.61 ssps iulalem haloid ataD :rebmuS

pek nalibagnep t iju lisah nakrasadreB : tukireb iagabes halada aynnasutu

huragnep laisrap araceS ) PKU ( naahasureP narukU lisah irad tapadid t iju iulalem

t gnutih rasebes - 787,3 t nad lebat lebairav nad atnatsnok isnakifingis iju kutnu aratnemeS .230,2

helorepid sata id lebat malad ,nednepedni nagned nakgnidnabid ulal 000,0 rasebes .giS ialin

( isnakifingis farat α t aneraK .)50,0= gnutih (- 787,3 ) < t lebat 00,0( .giS nad )230,2( 1 < ) α .)50,0(

aH nad kalotid oH akaM 1 aynitra gnay amiretid aratna huragnep tapadret naahasureP narukU

S agraH padahret .maha

huragnep laisrap araceS )KAL( isnatnukA abaL t lisah irad tapadid t iju iulalem gnutih

rasebes 094,3 t nad lebat lebairav nad atnatsnok isnakifingis iju kutnu aratnemeS .230,2

ledoM

dezidradnatsnU

stneiciffeoC

dezidradnatS

stneiciffeoC

t .giS B rorrE .dtS ateB

1 )tnatsnoC( 178.21 502.1 086.01 000.

hasurep_naruku_nL

naa - 532.1 623. - 395.3 - 787.3 100.

nL _latot_ sak_sura - 290. 190. - 452. - 500.1 423.

isnatnuka_abal_nL 412.1 843. 803.3 094.3 200.

:elbairaV tnednepeD .a

mahas_agrah_nL

rasebes .giS ialin helorepid sata id lebat malad ,nednepedni 200,0 bid ulal nagned nakgnidna

( isnakifingis farat α t aneraK .)50,0= gnutih ( 094,3 t < ) lebat ,0( .giS nad )230,2( 200 ) < α .)50,0(

aH nad kalotid oH akaM 1 aratna huragnep tapadret aynitra gnay amiretid isnatnukA abaL

)KAL( padahret mahaS agraH

huragnep laisrap araceS )KAT( saK surA latoT padid t iju iulalem t lisah irad ta gnutih

rasebes - 550,1 t nad lebat lebairav nad atnatsnok isnakifingis iju kutnu aratnemeS .230,2

rasebes .giS ialin helorepid sata id lebat malad ,nednepedni 423,0 nagned nakgnidnabid ulal

( isnakifingis farat α t aneraK .)50,0= gnutih (- 550,1 ) t < lebat ,0( .giS nad )230,2( 423 > ) α .)50,0(

aH nad kalotid oH akaM 1 aratna huragnep tapadret kadit aynitra gnay amiretid huragnep latoT

saK surA mahaS agraH adap .

2.4 nasahabmeP

helo naksalejid tapad mahas agrah awhab nakujunem ini naitilenep lisaH rA latoT saK su

)PKU( naahasureP narukU nad,)KAL( isnatnukA abaL,)KAT( elbairav agitek irad numaN .

aynah tubesret )PKU( naahasureP narukU nad )KAL( isnatnukA abaL huragnepreb gnay

kutnu fitisop hara nagned mahas agrah padahret nakifingis )KAT( saK surA latoT naka

d gnisam naksaleji - : tukireb iagabes gnisam

1.2.4 huragneP saK surA latoT X( 1 )Y( mahaS agraH padahreT )

awhab nakataynem nakujaid gnay amatrep sisetopiH )KAT(saK surA latoT

huragnepreb fitageN awhab iuhatekid 41.4 lebat nakrasadreb mahaS agraH padahret latoT

)KAT(saK surA t lisah irad tapadid t iju iulalem gnutih rasebes - 550,1 t nad lebat aratnemeS .230,2

ialin helorepid sata id lebat malad ,nednepedni lebairav nad atnatsnok isnakifingis iju kutnu

rasebes .giS 423,0 isnakifingis farat nagned nakgnidnabid ulal (α t aneraK .)50,0= gnutih (-

550,1 t > ) lebat ( .giS nad )230,2( 423,0 < ) α amatrep sisetopiH akaM .)50,0( kalotid gnay ,

aynitra kadit aratna huragnep tapadret )KAT(saK surA latoT mahaS agraH padahret .

awhab nakkujnunem iserger lisaH )KAT(saK surA latoT adit k nad fitisop huragnepreb

,mahaS agraH padahret nakifingis itrareb gnay iggnit nikameS )KAT(saK surA latoT utaus

raseb nikames itrareb naahasurep sak sura latot aynisatsevni irad rotsevni amiret id naka gnay

natakgninep naahasurep igab aggnihes ,tubesret T )KAT(saK surA lato irebmem tapad tubesret

.rasap id aynmahas agrah padahret kapmad naitilenep lisah gnukudnem ini naitilenep lisaH

agraH padahret huragnepreeb sak sura latot hakapa itilenem gnay )8002( iifays damahuM

.mahas d tubesret naitilenep nakrasadreB tapa awhab naklupmisid )KAT(saK surA latoT kadit

huragnepreb nakifingis nad fitisop mahaS agraH padahret .

2.2.4 huragneP isnatnukA abaL X( 2 )Y( mahaS agraH padahreT )

awhab nakataynem nakujaid gnay audek sisetopiH )KAL( isnatnukA abaL huragnepreb itisop f

et padahr mahaS agraH 41.4 lebat nakrasadreb awhab iuhatekid )KAL( isnatnukA abaL iulalem

t lisah irad tapadid t iju gnutih rasebes 094,3 t nad lebat isnakifingis iju kutnu aratnemeS .230,2

ialin helorepid sata id lebat malad ,nednepedni lebairav nad atnatsnok ulal rasebes .giS

( isnakifingis farat nagned nakgnidnabid α t aneraK .)50,0= gnutih ( 094,3 t < ) lebat .giS nad )230,2(

,0( 200 > ) α audek sisetopiH akaM .)50,0( amiretid , )KAL( isnatnukA abaL aynitra gnay

huragnep iaynupmem nad fitisop nakifingis padahret aH mahaS agr , ikilimem isnatnuka abal

gnay fitisop abal nakisakilbupmem gnay naahasureP.mahas agrah nagned fitisop nagnubuh

agrah naknurunem naka kurub gnay abal ,aynkilabes utigeB .kian naka mahas agrah ,iggnit

aahasurep nakiabagnem aynsurahes rotsevnI.mahas anerak kurub gnay abal natatac nagned n

naigabmep tapadnem tilus uata nakmanatid gnay isatsevni padahret naigurek okisireb

.nedivid . gnires gnilap gnay lah nakapurem isnatnuka abal awhab nakkujnunem ini lisaH

i nakukalem malad rotsevni nagnabmitrep idajnem nagnudnaK .ladom rasap id isatsevn

igab naahasurep ajrenik ianegnem laynis idajnem isnatnuka abal malad ada gnay isamrofni

.rotsevni

naitilenep lisah gnukudnem ini naitilenep lisaH itawotpijT nad )8002 ( E.S,aivatkO ykciV

)8002( itnairI gnadnE gnay hakapa itilenem isnatnukA abaL huragnepreb agraH padahret

mahaS awhab nakataynem aynnaitilenep lisaH . isantnukA abaL huragnepreb nad fitisop

padahret nakifingis mahaS agraH .

3.2.4 huragneP naahasureP narukU X( 3 padahreT ) mahaS agraH )Y(

agitek sisetopiH awhab nakataynem nakujaid gnay )PKU( naahasureP narukU fitisop

mahaS agraH adap awhab iuhatekid 41.4 lebat nakrasadreb )PKU( naahasureP narukU

t lisah irad tapadid t iju iulalem gnutih rasebes - 787,3 t nad lebat iju kutnu aratnemeS .230,2

nok isnakifingis .giS ialin helorepid sata id lebat malad ,nednepedni lebairav nad atnats

,0 rasebes 918 ( isnakifingis farat nagned nakgnidnabid ulal α t aneraK .)50,0= gnutih (- 787,3 < )

t lebat ( .giS nad )230,2( 100,0 ) < α aynitra gnay kalotid agitek sisetopiH akaM .)50,0( narukU

)PKU( naahasureP rasebes fitisop huragnep iaynupmem 100,0 agraH padahret nakifingis

mahaS . ab isakidni nakirebmem ini lisaH awh ihuragnepmem naka naahasurep naruku raseb

kiab hibel gnay sinsib okisir naitilenep lisah gnukudnem ini naitilenep lisaH . itainaD anniN

)6002( niriahuS nad awhab nakataynem aynnaitilenep lisaH naahasurep eziS huragnepreb

fitisop nad padahret nakifingis nruter detcepxe mahaS .

huragneP 4.2.4 naahasureP narukU nad )KAL( isnatnukA abaL,)KAT( saK surA latoT

)PKU( mahaS agraH padahreT

awhab nakataynem nakujaid gnay tapmeek sisetopiH huragneP abaL,)KAT( saK surA latoT

)PKU( naahasureP narukU nad )KAL( isnatnukA .mahaS agraH padahreT nakujutid ini lisaH

gnutihF ialin nagned 282,9 > akaM .%5 = a < 000,0 nakifingis nakgnit nad 88,2 lebatF

awhab itrareb gnay amiretid amilek sisetopih )KAL( isnatnukA abaL,)KAT( saK surA latoT

PKU( naahasureP narukU nad amasreb araces - nakifingis nad fitisop huragnepreb amas

.mahaS agraH padahreT

V BAB

naraS nad nalupmiseK

1.5 nalupmiseK

naitilenep lisaH ianegnem nakukalid gnay abaL,)KAT( saK surA latoT huragneP

)PKU( naahasureP narukU nad,)KAL( isnatnukA padahreT mahaS agraH . dutS adaP siripmE i

nahasureP segnareveb & dooF id tatacreT gnaY 002 edoireP )IEB( aisenodnI kefE asruB 8-

102 0 awhab nakkujnunem ini naitilenep lisaH 1,64 .% nahaburep mahaS agraH ihuragnepid

helo ( naahasureP narukU nad,)KAL( isnatnukA abaL,)KAT( saK surA latoT )PKU nakgnades

utiay ,aynasis % 05 akaM .naitilenep ledom raul id nial rotkaf helo ihuragnepid helorepid

: tukireb iagabes nalupmisek

.1 lebairav laisrap araces naitilenep lisaH isantnukA abaL nakifingis nad fitisop huragnepreb

,mahaS agraH padahret nep lisaH irad naitilenep lisah gnukudid ini naitile ykciV

)8002( itnairI gnadnE itawotpijT nad )8002 ( E.S,aivatkO hakapa itilenem gnay abaL

isnatnukA huragnepreb mahaS agraH padahret awhab nakataynem aynnaitilenep lisaH .

isantnukA abaL huragnepreb nad fitisop is padahret nakifing mahaS agraH

.2 laisrap araces naitilenep lisaH lebairav naahasureP narukU fitisop huragnepreb nad

padahret nakifingis mahaS agraH naitilenep lisah gnukudnem ini naitilenep lisaH , anniN

)6002( niriahuS nad itainaD kataynem aynnaitilenep lisaH awhab na naahasurep eziS

fitisop huragnepreb nad padahret nakifingis nruter detcepxe mahaS .

.3 laisrap araces naitilenep lisaH lebairav saK surA latoT kadit ipatet fitageN huragnepreb

nakifingis padahret mahaS agraH . ilenep lisah gnukudnem ini naitilenep lisaH nait

agraH padahret huragnepreeb sak sura latot hakapa itilenem gnay )8002( iifays damahuM

.mahas tapad tubesret naitilenep nakrasadreB awhab naklupmisid )KAT(saK surA latoT

kadit huragnepreb nakifingis nad fitisop mahaS agraH padahret .

.4 ini naitilenep lisaH elbairav awhab nalupmisek helorepid natlumis araces nakujnunem

)PKU( naahasureP narukU nad,)KAL( isnatnukA abaL,)KAT( saK surA latoT araces

002 nuhat adap mahaS agraH padahret huragnep iaynupmem natlumis 8- 102 0.

2.5 naitileneP nasatabreteK

tilenep malaD nasatabretek irad sapelret kadit ini nai - helo ikilimid gnay nasatabretek

nial aratnA .itilenep :

.1 hibel gnay narabmag nakirebmem kutnu gnajnaprepid ulrep natamagnep edoireP

gnay mahas agrah kitsiretkarak tagnigneM .ayntujnales naitilenep nagned netsisnok

eb kitsiretkarak nakgnutihrepmem surah akam ,mahas isatsevni adap amatu sisabr

naahasurep adap isatsevni segnareveb & doof gnajnap utkaw akgnajreb gnay mretgnol(

,)tnemtsevni .nuhat agit sata id utiay

.2 lebairav ,2R iju nakrasadreB - pmem gnay nednepedni lebairav mahaS agraH ihuragne

ayntujnales naitilenep kutnu aynkiabeS .kaynab pukuc hisam ledom raul id adareb gnay

lebairav - lisah adap ucagnem nagned igal kaynabrepid itiletid gnay lebairav - lisah

aynnial naitilenep .

3.5 naraS

,naitilenep lisah irad nalupmisek kiranem atres sisilanagnem ,irajalepmem haleteS

: tukireb iagabes utiay naras aparebeb nakakumegnem abocnem silunep akam

.1 naahasureP igaB

niales nial kepsa gnatnet huaj hibel uajninem asib raga ayntujnales naitileneP latoT surA

)PKU( naahasureP narukU nad,)KAL( isnatnukA abaL,)KAT( saK . nakujnunem ini laH

utas nakapurem nakub nagnauek oisar awhab - nakanugid tapad gnay isamrofni aynutas

.naahasurep mahas agrah iskiderpmem malad nagnabmitrep iagabes

.2 rotsevnI igaB

otsevni igaB nasutupek libmagnem malad taafnamreb tapad ini naitilenep nakparahid r

nakanuggnem nagned anerak ,ladom rasapid isatsevnireb kutnu araP ,mahas agrah

kutnu aynkadit uata kayal tubesret naahasurep utaus kepsorp iuhategnem tapad rotsevni

.isatsevni nakirebid

.3 naitilenep igaB

naitilenep kejbo nakidajid naka gnay naahasurep ,ayntujnales naitilenep kutnu naknarasiD

airetirk nakanuggnem nad kaynab hibel halmujreb aynkadneh - malad utnetret airetirk

p nagned iauses gnay lepmas naklisahgnem aggnihes lepmas nalibmagnep nagnabmitre

rotkaf nakitahrepmem hibel ayntujnales naitilenep nakparahiD .ada gnay - gnay nial rotkaf

mahas agrah ihuragnepmem tauk hibel .

AKATSUP RATFAD

abaL nad saK surA nenopmoK isamrofnI nagnudnaK isnaveleR.5002 ,itawamhaR nad idnaBmalaD .5 .oN,51 .lov,sinsiB nad isnatnukA lanruJ ,napedasaM saK surA iskiderpmeM

,saK surA naropaL nenopmoK isamrofnI nagnudnaK huragneP .6002 .iriahuS ,.N ,itainaD muisopmiS ,mahaS nruteR detcepxE padahreT naahasureP eziS naD ,rotoK abaL

( 9 isnatnukA lanoisaN K ,)gnadaP - 1 .lah ,12 MPKA - .61

latoT huragneP sisilanA ,.tkA ,.iSM ,ijdumaP gneguS .H .rD nad aganiS onoiraH naidraH.mahaS nruteR padahreT isnatnukA abaL ,saK surA nenopmoK,saK surA

S agraH padahreT isnatnukA abaL naD saK surA nenopmoK huragneP.8002,ineK maha lanruJ,atrakaJ kefE asruB iD ratfadreT gnaY aimiK irtsudnI naahasureP

551 :8002 ieM,20.oN,IIX nuhaT/isnatnukA - .661

mriF ,soitaR laicnaniF fo tceffE ehT .9002 ,nuJ .R ,akziruriahK dna .onoyluM ,.D ,inatraM seitivitcA gnitarepO morF wolF hsaC dna ,eziS kcotS ehT ot tropeR miretnI ehT ni7351_SSI .weiveR ssenisuB esenihC .nruteR - laireS( 6 .oN ,8 .loV ,ASU ,6051

.)27.oN

agraH padahreT saK narilA nenopmoK nad saK narilA abaL isamrofnI. 8002 ,iifyS damahuMruJ,aisenodnI iD rutkafunaM naahasureP adaP mahaS ,naknabreP nad nagnaueK lan

124 laH,3 .oN,21 .loV - .234

na’majD hayadihruN , naahasureP eziSnad abaL ,saK surA naropaL isamrofnI huragneP.mahaS nruteR lamronbA padahreT

padahreT saK surA nenopmoK naisaredomeP kapmaD.9002 ,imskaL amrahD irA utuPaL nagnubuH ,sinsiB nad isnatnukA lanruJ ,mahaS nruteR nagneD isnatnukA ab

.2.on,41.loV

abaL nad,saK surA nenopmoK,isamrofnI nagnudnaK huragneP,itnairI gnadnE itawotpijT,mahaS nruteR nad mahaS agraH padahreT isnatnukA orogenopiD satisrevinU,siseT

8002,gmarameS

O ykciV abaL nad saK surA nenopmoK,saK surrA latoT huragneP sisilanA,.E.S,aivatk,mahaS agraH padahreT isnatnukA .8002,gnarames,orogenopiD satisrevinU,siseT

“ .6002 .mamI ,ilazohG SSPS margorP nagned etairavitluM sisilanA isakilpA ,VI isidE ” okE umlI rotkoD margorP satisrevinU imon .orogenopiD tibreneP nadaB : gnarameS

.orogenopiD satisrevinU

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