CASS

8th Masters Conference

21st September 2018

2018

London

PEOPLE AND BUILDINGS

BOOKOFABSTRACTS

MC20188thMASTERSCONFERENCEPEOPLEANDBUILDINGS21stSeptember2018 1

21stSeptember2018

9:30 REGISTRATION9:50 WELCOMETOMC2018

LuisaBrotas

SESSION1 10:00-11:10

10:00 TheVerticalMillennialVillageinMumbaiDeepGalaArchitecturalAssociationSchoolofArchitecture,LondonMumbaiisoneofthedensestcityintheworld.Thegrowingpopulationareseekingjobsbecause of which global companies are seeking new approaches to the urbanworkplace.Co-workingofficesisoneofthenewapproaches,whichisgrowingrapidlyandattractingtheyounggenerationtopromotenewstart-ups.Atthesametime,theseofficesoperateinthesamemannerastheconventionaloffices,whicharedependentonair-conditioningsystemsandartificiallightingtoprovidecomforttotheoccupants.Majorityofthesebuildingsandofficesareignoringsomeofthefundamentalpassivedesignstrategies likenaturalventilation,solarprotectionandhighthermalenvelopethatwerequiteevidentinthetropicsresultinginincreasingdemandforenergy.Thepaper studies notion of building a high-rise for an ideal live andwork place, whichincludes flexibility and efficiency, and most importantly, occupant comfort in thetropicaldensecityofMumbai.

10:10 TheEnvironmentalPotentialofPrefabricatedModularConstructionforthePursuitofLife,Liberty&PropertyinGuyanaRenéeAReynolds,HectorAltamirano-Medina,andYairSchwartzUniversityCollegeLondonDiscoveryofoff-shorehydrocarbondeposits inGuyana’scoastalwaterswill catalyseproportionategrowthofthecountry’sbuildingsector.Expectedgrowth,combinedwithextantinadequaciesofhousingprovision,withoutappropriategovernance,couldresultin further housing deficit expansion. Comprehensive understanding of Guyanesevernacular architecture and interactions it has with the environment will enablepragmatic design strategies to be applied in future design and development tomoderate anticipated economic growth in an environmentally conscious way,tempering consequences of anthropogenic carbon emission. This paper exploresfeasibility and environmental potential of implementing a proprietary prefabricatedbuildingsystemasanalternativebuildingtypology inGuyana.Comparative life-cyclecarbon footprint and buildability assessments of four building typologies wereconducted and found that prefabrication provides not only environmental benefitsthrough reduced life-cycle energy consumption and accessible constructionmethodology, but also societal benefits through removal of barriers to entry formarginalisedpopulations.

BOOKOFABSTRACTS

MC20188thMASTERSCONFERENCEPEOPLEANDBUILDINGS21stSeptember2018 2

10:20 Thesocio-economicanddwellinggroupsmostatrisktofuelpovertyandwhatcausesahouseholdfuelpovertystatustochange?DanielFranksLoughboroughUniversity

Fuelpovertyaffects2.5millionhouseholdsinEngland,thesearehouseholds,whowouldfallbelowthepoverty line,weretheytohaveawarm,well-lithome,withhotwaterforeverydayuse, and the runningof appliances. There are severe consequences to leavingpeopleinfuelpovertywith34,000excesswinterdeathsrecordedin2017.ThewayEnglandidentifiesfuelpoorhouseholdshasrecentlychangedfromthe10%indicatortothe low-incomehigh-costdefinition.Thisresearchsetsouttocomparethefuelpovertydefinitions,establish the socio-economic and dwelling groups most at risk to fuel poverty andunderstand what causes households fuel poverty status to change. This is achieved byanalysingandmanipulatingtwolargedetaileddatasets.Theresultscontributedtoabetterunderstandingofthegroupsinfuelpoverty,thefactorthatinfluencesitanddemonstratedthatchangingthefuelpovertydefinitionresultedinreplacinghalfthehouseholdsinfuelpoverty.

10:30 Greener Aviation-Carbon foot print and proposed photovoltaic energysavingsolutionforHeathrowT5HamzaOurtemache,FanchaoMengandDrZahirDehoucheBrunelUniversityLondon

Intherecentyears,differentprojectshavebeen implementedattemptingtoreducethecontribution of the aviation industry to CO2 emissions. The project in hand aims toinvestigatetheopportunityofaPVsystemintegration inHeathrowairport’sTerminal5,evaluating its contribution to the terminal’s load, and its economic and environmentalimpact.Forthispurpose,SunPowerE60-JEsolarcellsweretestedundervariousconditions,andthedatagatheredwereusedtomodela96-cellsPVmodule,withamaximumpowerof290Wpandanefficiencyof17.49%underrealconditions.AnoptimisedsystemdesignusingHelioscopesoftwaredemonstratedtheopportunityforaroofmounted18.44MWpsystem on selected buildings of T5, with an annual electrical generation of 15.79GWh(856.41kWh/kWp).This systemwill contribute to18.55%of the terminal’s loadandwillofferover1.53M£/yeareconomicsavingsandwillreducethecontributiontoCO2emissionby4813.4tCO2/year.

10:40 The Role of Provision Side Actors in Shaping Occupant’s use of PVTechnologyinIndividualHousesintheUKNikitaBansalandZiyadJ.FrancesTheUniversityofSheffieldThereexistsaperformancegapbetweenthepredictedandtheactualenergyperformanceofdomesticbuildingsintheUKoncetheyareinhabited(CohenandBordass,2015).Oneofthereasonsforthisperformancegapistheusageofhometechnologiesinenergyefficienthomes.ThisresearchanalysesthepracticeoflargelyoverlookedbuildingprofessionalssuchasPVinstallers,whoareoftenignoredandneglectedduringPVtechnologyinstallation.ThisresearchhasbeendrawnonatheoreticalstandpointofpracticetheorybyGram-Hanssen.Aqualitativeapproachinvolvingobservationsandasemi-structuredinterviewwithbothPVinstallersandoccupantsofthefivecasestudieswereundertaken.ThefindingssuggestamajorroleofbothhumanactorssuchasPVinstallersandoccupantalsonon-humanactorslikegovernmentpoliciesinthedesignandintegrationoftechnology.Thisultimatelyleadstofindingsthatcanhelptransformbehaviourintosustainableandenergysavingpractices.

BOOKOFABSTRACTS

MC20188thMASTERSCONFERENCEPEOPLEANDBUILDINGS21stSeptember2018 3

10:50 Impact of design strategies based on spatial requirements of 24/7 ITOfficesinDelhiNCRintermsofEnergyusageandThermalComfortGunveerSingh

ArchitecturalAssociationSchoolofArchitectureThepaperhighlightstheexistingtrendsof24/7occupiedITofficesintheNorthernpartofIndia.TheriseoftheITIndustryinIndiaestablishedaparadigmofaglassboxwithdeepplanswithlessconsiderationstotheenvironmentalandoccupantneeds.Thishasresulted in over relianceonmechanical cooling and artificial lighting. Fieldwork andSurveyconducted illustrate theoperational trends,whichcanbeusedasabasis forpotential design solutions for IT offices being constructed inDelhiNCRwhich couldreducetheenergyconsumptionbyalmost40%.

11:00 PassivedesignfornewofficebuildingsintemperateclimateMariaChiaraMultariandSimosYannasArchitecturalAssociationSchoolofArchitecture,LondonThe Building Regulations of England and Wales set challenging targets aiming atreducingthecarbonemissionsfrombuildingsinboththedomesticandnon-domesticsectors.ThispaperdealswithnewcommercialofficebuildingsinLondonfocusingonarchitecturalfeaturesandpassivedesignstrategiesaimedatachievingenergysavingsand occupant comfort. The paper will report on research conducted to highlightemergingworkpatternsandbuildingdesigntrendsbasedonstudyofexemplarybuiltprecedentsfollowedbydetaileddaylightingandthermalsimulationstudies.Theresultshavehelpedoptimiseaprototypebuildingdesignandanumberofadjustablevariantsthatcanservedifferentsiteconditionsanddesignbriefs.Testsandsimulationsprovedthegreatpotentialofpassivestrategiesinconsistentlyreducingtheenergydemandandoverheatingrisk.Finally,thepaperpresentstheoutcomesoftheresearchintheformof workspace planning proposals that embody the energy savings predicted by thesimulationstudies.

11:10 BREAK

BOOKOFABSTRACTS

MC20188thMASTERSCONFERENCEPEOPLEANDBUILDINGS21stSeptember2018 4

SESSION2 11:50-12:50

11:20 Somelikeithot:TheGreatBritishHeatwave[GBH18]DarrenWoolf

11:40 RealisticInfiltrationRatesforPlantSizinginAirtightBuildingsJustinGarrettLoughboroughUniversity&HoareLeaA novel approach to the calculation of infiltration has been proposed, combining anumberofexistingtechniquestoestimateinfiltrationratesbasedonabuilding’sform,locationandconstructionproperties.Aspreadsheettoolwasdeveloped,informedbyhistoricalweather data andwidely acceptedwindpressure coefficients, to estimatestackandwinddrivingpressures.Componentleakagedatawasemployedtodetermineabaselinebuildingenvelopeleakagerateoccurringat50Pa.Theorificeflowequationwasusedtoconverttheinfiltrationratetoavaluereflectiveoftheprevailingweatherconditions,basedontheeffectiveleakagearea.Anexistingopenplanofficebuildingwasusedtoevaluatethemethodagainsttwoalternatives.Theresultsindicatedthattheheatlossduetoinfiltrationcouldbe23%lesswhenusingtheproposedmethod,comparedtoageneralisedruleofthumbapproach.Deficienciesrelatedtokeyinputparameters, a lack of component leakage reference data and the exclusion ofpotentiallyinfluentialphysicalphenomenon,meansfurtherworkisrequiredbeforethismethodcanbeadopted.

11:50 OverheatinginLondonHousingRanaHammadArchitecturalAssociationSchoolofArchitecture,LondonThisstudyquantifiestheexistingoverheatingissueinnewLondonhousingandprovidesguidelines for different overheating mitigation design strategies. It assesses thesensitivityoftheoverheatingrisktowardsdifferentclimatescenariosandventilationpatterns. Indoor dry bulb temperatures were monitored in residential and studenthousings. Dynamic thermal simulations were conducted to quantify the impact ofdifferent design strategies on the overheating risk. The study pointed out that newhousing in London are at risk of overheating within the current climate withoutadditionalventilationrates.Regardless,naturalventilationisnotsufficienttopreventoverheating insevere futureclimateprojections. Lowering the insulation levelswasfoundtobethemosteffectivesinglestrategy.Maximumoverheatingriskreductionofupto52%wasachievedwithacombinationofthermalmass,shading,lowerinsulationlevels, and high albedo building envelope. Night ventilation was found to be theoptimumventilationmodelforhighemissionfutureclimatescenarios.

BOOKOFABSTRACTS

MC20188thMASTERSCONFERENCEPEOPLEANDBUILDINGS21stSeptember2018 5

12:00 Howdodifferentventilationapproachessignificantlyimpactinternalairqualityandoverheatingrisksduringdeepretrofitofdwellings?TwishiShahandPaulTestaTheUniversityofSheffieldMillionsofVictorianandEdwardianterracedhousesarepresentinUK,includingsemi-detached and flats from the post-war period, built in late 1960’s (Dowson, Poole,Harrison,&Susman,2012).Furthermore,newandrefurbishedhousesneedtoconvergewith meticulous energy-efficiency standards, to provide thermally comfortable builtenvironments,fuel-efficiencyandcarbon-emissionreductiontargets,makingradicalshifttolow-carboneconomy.However,thereisoftenanextensivegapbetweentheplannedandactualperformanceofdwellings.Thispaperwillinterrogatefunctioningofdifferentventilationsystemsintobuildingdesigns,especiallyduringretrofitofexistinghouses.Thestudy focuseson identifying risksassociatedwith internalair-qualityandoverheating,specificallyduringsummer-periods.Case-studyapproachwillbeadopted,enablingdeepunderstandingofrelationshipbetweenthesesystemsandthermal-comfortofhouseholdoccupants. Special emphasiswill be given to compare thesemechanisms in futuristicclimatescenariosasthiswillhelpinachievingzero-energyandcarbonhomes.

12:10 PredictingVentilationEffectivenessforNaturalVentilationBenjaminSimpsonLoughboroughUniversity There is currently very little information regarding ventilationeffectiveness values fornaturalventilationinbothASHRAEStandard62.1andCIBSEGuideA.Thisprojectaimstopredicted ventilation effectiveness values for a range of mechanical and naturalventilationstrategies.Theventilationeffectivenessmetricusedisthezoneairdistributioneffectiveness (Ez) metric currently used in ASHRAE Standard 62.1 which follows theContaminantRemovalEffectiveness(CRE)method.ThisprojecthasusedComputationalFluid Dynamics (CFD) to simulate a simple single zone office space. The ventilationstrategies thathavebeenmodelled include,mixinganddisplacement systems for themechanical ventilation and both single-sided and cross-ventilation strategies, usingwindowopenings,forthenaturalventilationsystems.ThepreliminaryresultsfromtheCFDsimulationshavepredictedEzvalues ranging from0.3 to2.05 for themechanicalventilationstrategiesandfrom0.4to1.36forthenaturalventilationstrategies.

12:20 RevivaloftheatreambiancethroughnaturalventilationSanaMunirUniversityofWestminsterThis study is an attempt to consolidate environmental design integration methods byassessing actual performance and Post Occupancy Evaluation of a naturally ventilatedtheatre The Space inNottingham.Air temperatures in the theatreweremonitored andsurveywas distributed among the regular occupants adopting the Building Use Studies(BUS)methodology.Analyticstudiesusingdynamicthermalsimulationandcomputationalfluiddynamictools further informedonthe impactofcertainaspectsofthedesign.Theresultsdemonstrateda good thermalperformance in free runningmodeandanoverallsatisfactionoftheoccupants.Thisperformanceisdirectlyassociatedtodesignaspectsofthebuilding likematerialswithhigh thermalcapacity, surroundingbuffer spacesandanadequate aperture distribution. This study reaffirms the efficacy of natural ventilationstrategies inhighlyoccupiedbuildingsandcompletesafullrecordonthedesignprocessandactualperformanceofanexemplarbuildingintheUKforenvironmentaldesigners.

BOOKOFABSTRACTS

MC20188thMASTERSCONFERENCEPEOPLEANDBUILDINGS21stSeptember2018 6

12:30 Study and Adaptive Retrofit of a Protected Courtyard Building in theKasbahoffAlgiersSamyFiradUniversityofWestminsterThe Kasbah of Algiers is considered as a model of human settlement in theMediterranean climate containing environmental features such as courtyards thatimprove indoor conditions. Yet, number of locals decide to cover their courtyardsnowadays inorderto improve itsperformancestooftenmake itworse. Thisdesignstudyaimstoratheranalysethecourtyardbylookingatitsseveralqualitiesandpointingitsweaknesses.Moreover,itwillintroduceandtestanaffordable,seasonallyadaptivefeaturethatenhancesthecourtyard'sprotectiveperformancesinaretrofittedbuilding,reducing the cooling loads needed in the warmest part of the year by half whileconservingitspermeabilitytofreshairanddaylight.Finally,thefeasibilityandreplicabilityofthefeaturefordifferentcourtyardratiosintherestofthecitadelwillbetoucheduponinordertoaddresstoday’sissueinabigscale.

12:40 “Eco-LEGO”LowEnergyTemporaryHousingAnaGabrielaMachadoKrebsCiprianiUniversityofWestminsterThe global housing crisis is an on-going challenge and in the UK, the city’smassivedensificationhasledtorisinginpropertypriceandrents.Thiscombinedwiththelossofsocialhousingthroughtherighttobuypolicycontributedtoaggravatingthesituationinthelastdecades.Theresponsetothishousingcrisisneedstobetimely,affordableand sustainable to reach as many families as possible without creating moreenvironmentalproblemsfurtherdowntheline.Thisstudyaimstore-designrecycledshippingcontainers,asa temporary,andpotentiallypermanenthousingsolution fordisplaced families, improving human comfort with passive environmental designstrategies. This study started with fieldwork, followed by architectural design andbuildingperformancewithparametricdesigntools.Thedesignprocesswasdrivenbyarchitectural aspirations and environmental considerations. Based on the climaticconditions of London,was adoptednatural ventilation, responsive solar control andexternalinsulation.

12:50 LUNCH

BOOKOFABSTRACTS

MC20188thMASTERSCONFERENCEPEOPLEANDBUILDINGS21stSeptember2018 7

SESSION3 13:50-15:00

13:50 WelcometotheCASSSandraDenicke-Polcher

14:00 TraditionalCourtyardHousesof Lahore,Pakistan. The investigationof theroleofsocial,culturalandenvironmentalfactorsinshapingthespatialformationandenhancingthermalcomfortinthecourtyardsforasemi-aridclimateSanaAleemUniversityofWestminsterLahore, a metropolis city of Pakistan, is facing increasing temperatures due to thedensificationofurban land,UrbanHeat Islandeffectandtheglobalclimatechange.Thedesign of the urban environment plays a vital role in mitigating the adverse thermalconditionsindenselypopulatedareasandthroughimprovingtheurbanmicro-climate,thequality of life and outdoor comfort can also be improved. This research investigates atraditionalmultiplecourtyardhouse,’BaroodKhanaHaveli’’Lahore,toexplorethespatialpoetry of the courtyards and the significance of theirmorphology towards the outdoorthermalcomfortinasemi-aridclimate.Theresearchfindingsrevealthatthetemperaturedifferencescreatedbythedifferentlocalisedmicro-climatesinthecourtyardseffectivelyinducenaturalairmovement.Basedonthesefindings,appropriateorientation,geometriesof the courtyards, and selective use of flora-fauna are proposed to create desirablemicroclimatesforoutdoorcomfortinthecontemporarycourtyardhouseinLahore.

14:10 ThehousethatfollowsitsoccupantsPavithraLakshmiArchitecturalAssociationSchoolofArchitecture,LondonThispaperaddressespersonal experienceofnomadic lifeof civil-engineerswith theirfamilies in continuous move to follow project sites on infrastructure works such asnationalhighwaysandbridges.Thecurrentaccommodationschemesprovidedforthesepeoplearenotenvironmentallysustainableorcomfortable–theyareabandoned,andnewaccommodationsareremodelledonthenextsitetocompletenewprojecttargets.The fieldworkcontributes toanunderstandingofoccupancypatternsandtheirhabitsaffectingthethermalperformance,aninsensitivedesignandunsuitablematerialsusedforthesehousesleadingtoincreaseinhighindoortemperaturerestrictingtheuserstouseair-coolingsystemforalmost24hoursinatropicalclimatezone.Researchaddressestheseproblemsproposingaportable,low-carbonlivingmodulethatcanbecomfortableinvariousclimaticzonesthroughpassivestrategiesandoccupantbehaviour.

14:20 RevisitingtheadaptivecontrolalgorithmtoUKofficebuildingsStellaPasalidou,StephanieGauthier,LeonidasBourikasUniversityofSouthamptonThecurrentstandardadaptivecontrolalgorithmwasdevelopedtwentyyearsagofromfieldstudies in 26 buildings across Europe. In the UK, the correlation between comforttemperatureandmeasuresofoutsidetemperaturewasaround0.2.Inthispaper,wereviewthe results of 1,081 surveys from84participants carriedout in twobuildings in theUKbetween 2017 and 2018. Results show significant but very low relationships betweencomforttemperatureandmeasuresofoutsidetemperature.Whilethebuildingswere infree-running mode, participants exposed to similar environmental conditions feltconsistentlydifferent.Someparticipantsreportedfellingcoldandotherhot.Theseresultslead to theassumption that setsofpersonalalgorithms shouldbedeveloped to controllocalisedsolutions.

BOOKOFABSTRACTS

MC20188thMASTERSCONFERENCEPEOPLEANDBUILDINGS21stSeptember2018 8

14:30 SpatialMappingofThermalComfort:I.E.ComfortMapsasDesignToolSalomeBerechikidzeUniversityofWestminsterChangingclimatebroughtnewvaluestothefieldandinsteadofirrationalmanipulationwithenergyusagewetrytoregulatecomfortabletemperatureswithimprovedopaqueorglazingconduction.Indeedothermicroclimatecomponentsarealsoimportanttobeconsidered.Airtightness,freshairsupply,diverseoccupantprofilesandactivitypatterns,direct solar exposure time play crucial role in defining the climate of our habitats.However,ifthefirstpartofthelistedcomponentsaresetbeforehandwithcompliancetostandards, amendments in the rest rarely make drastic changes in graphically ornumericallyexpressedresults.Subsequently,whilewesearchforthemosteffectivewayto control the figures defining comfort, we unintentionally ignore an importance ofunderstandingmany essential details of human thermal comfort itself. This researchexploresvaluesofspatialmappingofthermalcomfortandtriestoanswerfundamentalquestionsonhowspatialplotcanaiddecision-makingamongstarchitectsandoccupants.

14:40 MeasuringthethermalperformanceofoccupiedhomesMichaelLyonsLoughboroughUniversityThephenomenaofthe“performancegap”andchallengingclimatelegislation,hasledtocallsforawholehousethermalmeasurementframeworkforoccupiedhomes,usingtheheattransfercoefficient.Arefurbished1930’s3-bedroomedsemi-detachedhouse,wasequippedwithbothhigh-qualityandlow-costtemperaturesensors,alongwithasyntheticoccupancyscheduletomimichumanactivity.Theresultsfromapreviousco-heatingtestwereusedasabenchmark.Someofthelow-costsensorsweredeliberatelyplacedininappropriatelocationstodeterminetheeffectofdoingso.Thereweretwo29-daymonitoringperiodsthesecondinvolvedtheopeningofwindows.Theresearchconcludedthat;It ispossibletomeasuretheheattransfercoefficientofanoccupiedhouse,smallbatterypoweredsensorsperformaswellashighqualityequipment,theyare not required in every room, although some care in placement is required, andopeningwindowsincreasesheattransfercoefficientbyapproximately10%.

14:50 A comparative analysis of deterministicMulti-Criteria Decision-MakingmethodsusingbuildingperformancesimulationNikoletaKokarakiLoughboroughUniversityThedesignprocessofabuildingisadecisionproblemwithmultiplestakeholdersandseveraloftenconflictingcriteria.Multi-CriteriaDecision-Making(MCDM)methodsarecapableofhandlingdecisionproblemswiththeabovementionedspecificfeatures.ThispaperfocusesontheapplicationofsomeofthemostwidelyappliedMCDMmethods;namelyAHP,TOPSIS,ELECTREIII,andPROMETHEEII.Forthispurpose,aframeworkthatincorporatesthedecision-makers’preferencesandtheuseofdynamicsimulationofthepotentialbuildingformsisdevelopedandappliedtoareal-lifecasestudy.Theexaminedmethodsyieldsimilarresults,showingbroadagreementonthetopfivealternatives,amongst which the decision-makers can decide. In particular, the majority of theexaminedmethods concludedwith the sameoptimal solution (all except TOPSIS), asituationthatprovidesconfidenceinthefinaldecision.

15:00 COFFEEBREAK

BOOKOFABSTRACTS

MC20188thMASTERSCONFERENCEPEOPLEANDBUILDINGS21stSeptember2018 9

SESSION4 15:20-16:30

15:20 HowEducationalEarthBuildingShowpiecesAreUsedasALearningTooltoTeachPeopleAboutSustainability?RuiwenDengTheUniversityofSheffieldConsidering theenvironmental impactofbuilding industrynowadays,earthasa triednaturalmaterial has its comeback due to competitive sustainable features. However,peopleremainskepticalaboutearthasaconstructionmaterialandbuildingprofessionalslack experience and knowledge in earth buildings. Using educational earth buildingsshowpiecesprovidesconsiderablepotentialtoshiftpublicvaluestowardssustainability.Thisthesisexploreshoweducationalearthbuildingsareeducativeforpeopleandhowtheiractionsaffectthewiderworldintermsofsustainability.Basedonarchitecturalandeducationaltheories,5stagesofontologyshiftincludeEntice,Enter,Engage,Exit,Extend(5E’sprincipleof servicedesign) (Schwanbeck,2014) addresshowearthbuildingsareused as teaching tools. ‘Being enticed’ by amazing architectural design blendingbeautifully with natures and considering occupants’ wellbeing. ‘Entering’ the legiblebuildingandgettinginspiredbysustainableteachingsembedded.‘Engaging’withearthtocreaterealchangemakers.After‘Exiting’,sustainablelearningwould‘Extend’.

15:30 IntegratedSolarPhotovoltaicsystemwitharegenerativehydrogenfuelcellstorageAmerAbdulkarim,GerardJansen,ZahirDehoucheBrunelUniversityLondonThe associated challenges with power generation from non-renewable energies arebecomingsensiblewiththeadverseeffectontheenvironmentduetotheincreasinglevelof CO2 emission in the atmosphere. This paper is aimed to demonstrate a stand-alonepowersystemthatwillbeharnessedtosupplythedemandedelectricityforaCellphonetowerinstalledinremoteareaswherethegridconditionisnotavailable.Thissystemadoptsand integrated solar PV system with Hydrogen fuel cell as back up by producing thehydrogenandstoreitinsite.Thesystemwasdesignedbasedontheenergydemandsofatelecommunication towerby logging thehourlypowerconsumptionanddeveloping therequired equipment that corresponds to the power needed to power up the load. Theconversionofincidentsolarradiationintoelectricitythatwillgeneratemolecularhydrogenthroughtheelectrolyserisconstitutingthecriticalaspectforthistechnology.Thus,thePVarray is designed to supplypower to the loadduring the sunnyhours,while theexcesselectricity to be devoted to producing the hydrogen from the electrolyser, where theHydrogenwillbestoredtooperatethefuelcell,whichwillprovidethedemandedelectricityduring the night time of the cloudy weather. Several measurements, simulations,calculations,andanalysisarecarriedouttodeterminetheoptimumsystemsizeconcerningthesizeofthesolarPVarray,theelectrolyser,andthefuelcell.Althoughthepeakpowerconsumedbythecelltowerisapproximately4.11kWandthefuelcellwassizedtobe5kWPEMFC,theresultsshowthatthesolarPVarrayshouldbeoversizedtobearound54kWpandtheselectedelectrolyseris45kWduetothepoorsolarirradiancereceivedonthesolarPVpanelsinLondonandtheneedforlargerhydrogenstorage.Additionally,thelevelizedcostofelectricityisapproximately£0.1373/kWhwhichisapproximatelythesamecostofimporting the electricity from the grid, but the carbon emission can be reduced from183,947.22Kg.CO2toZeroKg.CO2.However,theconsumptionoftheproposedcelltoweris havinga valueequivalent to tenUKhouseholdper year considering that theaverageelectricityconsumptionofaUKhouseholdisapproximately3300kWh/Year.

BOOKOFABSTRACTS

MC20188thMASTERSCONFERENCEPEOPLEANDBUILDINGS21stSeptember2018 10

15:40 ImplementationStrategies:EnergyEfficiencyForUrbanTransformationinresponsetoClimateChangeinCapeTownAdepejuAdeboyinAderogbaTheUniversityofSheffieldTheWesternCapeprovinceofSouthAfricahasderiveditsfutureprojectionsofenergydemandbasedonsetsofvariablesthatinfluenceenergydemand(EADP,2015).Withthis,Carbonemissionswereidentifiedandquantifiedbasedonthemajorsectorsoftheeconomy (including the industrial, building, transport and agricultural sectors). Inparticular, this researchaims to test thepotencyof scenario3;employing themostfeasiblesetofmitigationmeasureswithfuelswitching(transitionfromcoal-generatedelectricitytonaturalgas),towardsmeetingthecity’s2040Agendawithaspecificfocusonthelow-incomeresidencesinthebuildingsectorandtransportsector.Inadditionto a critical evaluation of the policy and frameworks supporting energy efficiencyimplementation in Cape Town, energy demands typical household is examined tounderstand the energy requirements in the household, while calculations areconducted to determine the feasibility of generating energy using solar PV panels.Results are then comparedwithprojectedoutcomesasdeterminedby theWesternCapeGovernment.Theaim is to identifythescaleof thechallengethatthebuildingsectorfacesinmeetingtherequiredemissionstargets,beforerecommendingprioritiesforfuturepolicydevelopment.

15:50 EvaluatingtheSimulationAccuracyandtheEffectivenessofLightShelvesundertheUKWeatherConditionUsingCBDMMethodMiliDuandAidanHoggardLightshelvesareproposedtoimprovetheinteriordaylightdistributionandtoreduceglarerisks.Inthispaper,theperformancesoflightshelvesineducationalbuildingsinSheffieldareevaluated,usingClimate-BasedDaylightModellingmethod.Threetypesoflightshelveswerecomparedwithanone-light-shelvescase.Thispaperalsoexploredtheimpactsofdifferentwindowshapes,facadeorientations,andmodellingdetailsontheperformancesoflightshelves.ResultsshowthatlightshelvesintheUKdonothavea significant impact on daylight distribution.Wide windows provide better daylightcomparedtofullheightwindowswiththesameWindow-to-WallRatio.Theimpactsofthe details of simulation models are negligible in initial daylighting design phases.ExternallightshelvesperformbetterontheSouth-WestorientationthanontheSouthorientation.

BOOKOFABSTRACTS

MC20188thMASTERSCONFERENCEPEOPLEANDBUILDINGS21stSeptember2018 11

16:00 TherapeuticimpactofDaylightonwell-being:WithparticularreferencetoPalliativecareSoniPius,LuceliaRodrigues,RenataTubelo

UniversityOfNottingham

Karunashraya, an award-winning cancer hospice in Bangalore, India utilises healingprinciplesofarchitectureinitsdesigninordertoimprovethewell-beingofterminallyill patients. In thispaper, theauthorsaim toexplore the impactof theseprinciples,especially the provision of daylighting, on the patients’ well-being and theirpsychological comfort. The research explored the perception of users throughobservationofusers’behaviourinordertoidentifypotentialareasofthebuildingwouldrequirefurtherassessment.So,specificroomsofthehealthcarefacilitywereselectedandsimulationswerecarriedoutinordertoassessthelevelsofdaylightingdelivered.The investigation was also supported by the use of heliodon. The results of themodellingsuggestedthattheselectedroomshadadifferenceintermsofdaylightfactorofabout17.63%.Oneoftheroomsthatpresentedadequatelevelsofdaylightingwastheroomthatthepatientswereobservedtohavemoreinteractionwiththeexterior.Thefindingsupportedtheimportanceofthesehealingspacesandthisresearchhelpedestablishabetterunderstandingoftheimpactofaspaceonthementalwell-beingoftheusers,althoughmoreresearchshouldbeconductedusingamorerepresentativesampletoquantifythisimpactonpatientswell-being.

16:10 The Integration of ‘Well-Mannered’ New Buildings in the VisualDimensionXuesenZheng

TheUniversityofNottingham

With the development of human civilisation, the urban environment is renovatedcontinually. Although a new building often appears in an environment as anindependent form,peoplewill interactwiththewholeurbanenvironmentsuchasastreet,aroadandasquare,ratherthanwithan individualbuilding.Frederick(2007)points out that ‘beauty’ is usually duemore to the harmonious relationship amongelements of composition than to the elements themselves. This paperwill focus onthreeaspects(reflectionandtransparency;distance;andpatternandrhyme)toexplorehow a new building integrates into its surroundings in the visual dimension. Theharmoniousarchitecturalmartialscouldbethedrivingforcebehindtheevolutionoftheregionalculture,andwillstimulatetheregionalidentity.

16:20 VOTING

16:30 AWARDSCEREMONY/CLOSINGSESSIONChristinaHopfeandFergusNicol

BOOKOFABSTRACTS

MC20188thMASTERSCONFERENCEPEOPLEANDBUILDINGS21stSeptember2018 12

ListofAbstracts8thMastersConference:PeopleandBuildings

CASS,London,UK,21stSeptember2018

NetworkforComfortandEnergyUseinBuildingshttp://nceub.org.uk

http://nceub.org.uk/ocs/index.php/MC2018/MC2018

Copyright©NCEUB2018Copyright in the contents, the cover, the design and the typographical arrangement of thispublication rests with the NCEUB unless otherwise stated. Copyright of the individual papersremainswiththeAuthors.TheEditorsdonotacceptanyresponsibilityforthecontentofthepapershereinpublished.Thecontentsofthispublicationmaybereproducedfreeofchargeinanyformatormedium for the purposes of private research and study or for internal circulationwithin anorganisation. This is subject to the contentsbeing reproducedaccurately andnot in away thatimpliesofficialstatus.ThereproducedmaterialmustbeacknowledgedasNCEUBCopyrightandthetitleofthepublicationspecified.AnyotheruseofthecontentsofthispublicationwouldrequireacopyrightlicenceorwrittenauthorisationbytheAuthors.

Edited by

Organised by

Supported by

Dr Luisa BrotasProf Fergus NicolProf Darren WoolfDr Christina Hopfe