Chapter 13 People and JobsChapter 13 People and Jobs

Eka Wahyuni 240210130017

Inna Muslimah H M 240210130018

Siti Mira Sari Pratiwi240210130019

Medina Maulidya 240210130020

Mega Rahmawati 240210130021

Lukman Fauzan240210130022

Sinta Revonatria 240210130023

Adverb Clauses

An adverb clause is a dependent clause which takes the place of an adverb in

another clause or phrase.

Adverb Clauses

You must have two clauses which have one of the relationships mentioned above:

1. Billy couldn’t swim.2. He jumped off the pier.

Add a subordinating conjuction to the beginning of the clause you want to make dependent:

1. Although Billy couldn’t swim, he jumped off the pier.2. Billy jumped off the pier although he couldn’t swim.

Place the two clauses next to each other. Usually, the order of the clauses is not important.

Relationship in Adverb Clauses

Adverb Clauses with TimeAdverb Clauses with Time

WhenWhen BeforeBefore AfterAfter

WhileWhile By the timeBy the time

UntilUntil As soon asAs soon as WheneverWhenever

WhenWhen

• He was talking on the phone when I arrived.

• When she called, he had already eaten lunch.

• I washed the dishes when my daughter fell asleep.

• We'll go to lunch when you come to visit.• 'When' means 'at that moment, at that time,

etc.'.

BeforeBefore

-We will finish before he arrives.

-She (had) left before I telephoned.

'Before' means 'before that moment'.

AfterAfter

-We will finish after he comes.

-She ate after I (had) left.

'After' means 'after that moment'.

While, asWhile, as

-She began cooking while I was finishing my homework.

-As I was finishing my homework, she began cooking.

'While' and 'as' mean 'during that time'.

By the timeBy the time

-By the time he finished, I had cooked dinner.

-We will have finished our homework by the time they arrive.

'By the time' expresses the idea that one event has been completed before another.

UntilUntil

-We waited until he finished his homework.

-I'll wait till you finish.

'Until' and 'till' express 'up to that time'

As soon asAs soon as

-He will let us know as soon as he decides (or as soon as he has decided).

-As soon as I hear from Tom, I will give you a telephone call.

'As soon as' means 'when something happens - immediately afterwards'.

WheneverWhenever

Whenever he comes, we go to have lunch at "Dick's".

We take a hike every time he visits.

'Whenever' and 'every time' mean 'each time something happens'.

Exercise1. The color didn’t suit her, so my wife decided not to buy the

dress.As the color didn’t suit her, my wife decided not to buy the dress.

2. He had overslept. As a result, he was late for work.He was late for work because he had overslept.

3. I didn’t have any stamps. Therefore, I couldn’t post the letter.Because I didn’t have any stamps, I couldn’t post the letter.

4. The course cost a lot of money. Even so, I decided to take it.Since the course cost a lot of money, I decided to take it.