PEOPLE OF INDIA

National Series Volume VIII

Communities, Segments, Synonyms, Surnames and 'Titles

COMMUNITYWISE LIST OF SYNONYMS, TITLES, Surnames and Segments

ABDAL/DAFALI

Synonyms: Dafalange (Muslim), Hashmi, Saudagar [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Titles: Ali [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Ansari, Lodi, Madariya, Mirasi, Mujawir, Quraishi, Sadiqi, Sunni [W. Crooke]

Surnames: Hashmi, Saudagar [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Abdal, Ahmed, Ilimirza, Mandal, Sheikh [West Bengal]

ADH-BANIA

Synonyms: Adhrakhi, Adraki, Awadh Bania [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Surnames: Mahto, Prasad [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Exogamous units/clans: Bhakewa (jungle dog), Saur (pig) [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Gotra: Kashyap [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Exogamous units/lineages (khandanlvansh): [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

ADI

Subgroups: Dibong Abor, Dubba Abor, Kebang Abor, Meyong Abor, Padam, Pashi Abor [A. Mackenzie]

ADI-ANDHRA

Mala [Orissa]

Malia, Mala Dasari, Mala Dasu, Mala Jangam, Mala Masti, Mala Vaishnav [Orissa]

Alliala, Bari, Bobbli, Boni, Boppala, Busi, Gaminea, Kottapalli, Lenda, Rayyei, Tonangi, Tongi, Ummi [Orissa]

Exogamous units/lineages (intiperulu): [Orissa]

AGARIA/AGARIYA

Synonyms: Gooldnga Patharia, Kelha Agaria, Kol Lohar, Kuntia Chok, Lohar, Mahali Asur Agaria, Patharia, Sath

Lohar [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

*Endogamous divisions: Khuntia Agrias, Patharia [Russell & Hiralal]

Groups/subgroups: Agaria Sath, Dak Lohar, Had, Kal Lohar, Sath Lohar [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

*Subtribes: Asur Agaria, Birjia Agaria, Lohar Agaria, Paharia Agaria [H.H. Risley]

Surnames: Agaria [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

* Clans/septs: Ahindwar, Dhuruva, Marai, Markam, Putai, Ranchirai

Rathoria, Sonwani, Tekatn, Uilka [Russell & Hiralal]

Bajuthes, Banjhawar, Baragwar, Girdhle, Goirar, Markan, Pasawan, Sanwan [W. Crooke]

Exogamous units/clans: Mahato, Markam, Pradhan, Purtia, Sonvani, Tekam [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Baherwar, Mahatoar (a ride), Samduar, Sonoar (gold), Turiar [H.H. Risley]

Exogamous units/clans (gothiar): [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Exogamous units/clans (gotta): Bara Sonowar, Barki Samaddar (large ocean), Bharewar (jungle dog), Chhota,

Chhotki Samaddar, Chhotki Sonowar, Suar (pig) [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Exogamous units/clans (kuri): Ahinwar, Baghel, Banjhakwar, Barangia,

AGARWAIWAISH AGAKWAL

Bania [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Groups/subgroups: Bisa, Dasa, Digambari, Pacheiya, Purbaiya, Vaisnav [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Bisa, Dasa, Pacha [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

*Subcastes: Bisa or Biradari Raja, Dasa, Pachhainya, Purbiya [H.H. Risley]

Bisa, Dasa [Russell & Hiralal]

Surnames: Agrawal, Bajaj, Das, Dirwania, Goenka, Gupta, Jalan, Poddar, Prasad, Singhania, Sultania, Tekhriwala

[Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Agarwal, Bansal, Bindal, Garg, Goel, Govil, Kansal, Lohia, Mittal, Nohria, Singhal, Singhania, Singla, Tayal [Himachal

Pradesh]

Airan (Ariman), Bansal, Bindal, Dhalon, Govan (Goin), Goyal, Jindal, Kacchal, Kansil, Mangal, Mittal, Mudgal, Nagal,

Singhal, Tail, Taran, Tungal, Vansal, Vindal [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Bansal, Garg, Goyal, Jindal, Kansal, Mittal, Singhal [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Garg [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Garg [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Garg [H.H. Risley]

Garga, Gautama, Kasapa, Vaishtha, Kaushika [Russell & Hiralal]

*Sections: Airan, Batsil, Bhaddal, Gawal, Gobhil, Goil, Goin, Kasil, Mangal, Mittal, Singhal, Tairan, Tayal, etc. [H.H.

Risley]

Exogamous units/lineages: Amritsen, Dhabandeva, Godumal, Indramal, Jaitrasangha, Karanchand, Manipal,

Mantrapati, Narsen, Puspadeva, Sindhupati, Tambolkatna, Tarachand, Vasudeva, Virbhan, Vrindadeva [Bihar

and/or Jharkhand]

AGER

Exogamous units/clans (ball): Ajjana, Ane, Dyavan, Gurvin, Kadvina, Shirin [R.E. Enthoven]

Gotra: Siva [R.E. Enthoven]

AGHARIA

Synonyms: Agaria [Orissa]

Groups/subgroups: Acharia, Aghara, Saroria [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

*Sub-divisions: Bada Agharias, Chhote Sarolia or Samaria [Russell & Hiralal]

Titles: Choudhari, Naik, Patel [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Chaudhri, Naik, Patel [Russell & Hiralal]

Surnames: Choudhury, Naik, Patel, Sai [Orissa]

Exogamous units/clans: Jantrika, Shembbatu [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Debasthali, Sandhal [Orissa]

Barah (pig), Baram (the pipal tree) [Russell & Hiralal]

Gotra: Markandeya, Sandilya [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Kashyapa [Orissa]

Kaushik, Bharadwaj, Sandilya [Russell & Hiralal]

AGHORI

Synonyms: Bhatuk, Giri, Gosain, Gulgulia [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

I056 Communities, Segments, Synonyms, Surnames and Titles

Aghorc [West Bengal]

Aghori, Aghorpanthi, Anghar [W. Crooke]

Titles: Chowkidar, Mahato, Sardar [West Bengal]

Surnames: Giri, Gossanie, Gouyar, Kunjara, Mahato, Sing, Sonar, Toriyar [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Gouyar, Kunjara, Mahato, Sing, Sonar, Toriyar [West Bengal]

Exogamous units/clans (jati): Chamokdal, Kachchua, Kunjara, Mahra, Sankhowar, Torhiyar [West Bengal]

Gotra: Kashyap, Sandilya [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Exogamous units/lineages (bansa): Gowala, Kunjara, Maghaya, Mahato, Sonar, Tornuria, Trihutia [West Bengal]

Exogamous units/lineages (khandan/vansh): Kunjara (vegetableman), Maghaya, Mahato (chief), Toriyar (milkman)

[Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

AGRAHARI/AGRAHARIBANIA

Titles: Bania [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Surnames: Bhagat, Gupta, Prasad, Ram, Sahoo [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Agrahari, Gupta [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Gotra: Kashyap [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Kashyap [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

AGURI

Synonyms: Ugra Khatriya [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Ugra Khsatriya [West Bengal]

Groups/subgroups: Bagha, Jana, Jorburi, Suta [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Jana or Janau, Sut [West Bengal]

*Subcastes: Bagha, Bardwaniya, Chagnaya or Changa, Jana, Kasipuriya, Satchad, Suta [H.H. Risley]

Appendix B I057

Titles: Chowdhari, Khan, Mandal, Roy [West Bengal]

Kesh, Pai, Pal, Shyam [H.H. Risley]

Surnames: Duna, Gain, Had, Hazra, Jana, Jash, Kesh, Panja, Sain, Samanta, Santra, Shyam, Som [Bihar and/or

Jharkhand]

Chowdhuri, Dikpati, Hazra, Josh, Khan, Konar, Kundu, Mandal, Nandi, Nayak, Roy, Rudra, Sarkar [West Bengal]

Exogamous units/clans: Batsaba, Bidvangshu, Katyayana, Shankarsanrishi [West Bengal]

Gotra: Bharadwaj, Kashyap, Parasar, Sandilya, Vasishta [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Batsaba, Bharadwaj, Goutam, Kashyap, Katyayana [West Bengal]

Bharadwaja, Kashyap, Sandilya [H.H. Risley]

Exogamous units/lineages (ekbibha): [West Bengal]

AHIR

Synonyms: Baredi, Brajwasi, Gauli, Gwal, Raut, Yadav [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Ahiri Haoli, Gaolan, Gaoli, Garhe, Golkar, Holkari Gaolar, Rawat, Gayla, Ghosh, Goala, Goar [West Bengal]

Chandabans, Goalbans, Madanbans, Nandbans, Natbans, Raghubans, Suryabans, Yadubans [Madhya Pradesh

and/or Chhattisgarh]

Goro, Pallav, Paschima, Sad Gope, Sadgop, Yadava [West Bengal]

Apharia [H.H. Risley]

Boricha, Gujar Ahir (in Kathiawar), Machhua (north Kathiwar), Nesak, Prakhalia, Sorathia (R.E. Enthoven]

Ghosi, Goalbansi, Gujar, Lingabansi, Nandabansi, Yadubansi [S.S.

Hassan]

*Subcastes: Bharotia, Gowalvansi, Jaduvansi, Jhadia, Jijhotia, Kaonra

Ahirs, Kosaria, Nandvansi, Narwaria, Rawats [Russell & Hiralal]

*Sections (endogamous group): Gvalbansi, Jadubansi, Nandibansi [W.

Crooke]

Surnames: Ahir, Gokhle, Kabali, Kolhapure, Kotwal, Pariwale, Ghosh [West Bengal]

Exogamous units/clans: Kaushal, Shyamla [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Ilishi, Kasiva, Nilesh [West Bengal]

Abalia, Baradia, Bhadia, Bhenda, Bhibha, Bhoria, Bhuthar, Chavda, Chetaria, Chhuchar, Chudasame, Gagia,

Gogham, Gohel, Goria, Jogal, Kachhot, Kamalia, Kanara, Khava, Khunti, Nandania

Pidaria, Pithia, Ravaliya, Sanjva, Sindhav, Sisotia, Vadhia, Varsa, Vijva [R.E. Enthoven]

*Got: Abhiryaa, Bachhwalya, Balwan, Bhankarya, Bhuslaa, Chasya, Chura, Datarli, Harbala, Jadam, Jarwal, Kalalya,

Kankar, Khiswa, Khosa, Kosalya, Lanba, Lodiya, Mohal, Sanp Solangia (of

Jadubansi subcaste), Thokaran [HA. Rose]

Gotra: Goutam, Kashyap, Sandilya [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Aliman, Kashyap, Madhugulla, Sandilya [West Bengal]

AHIR, KONDA

Synonyms: Gwala, Rawat [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Titles: Lai, Yadav [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Surnames: Lai, Singh, Yadav [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

AMANT/AMAT

Synonyms: Ghee Bhaha, Sagaha [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Axnanat, Amaut, Amut [Orissa]

Groups/subgroups: Ghee Bhaha, Sagaha [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

*Subcastes (pangat): Bahiot, Gharbait [H.H. Risley]

Titles: GhiBihar and/or Jharkhand, Khawas, Saghar [H.H. Risley]

Surnames: Amet, Rai, Raut [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Dalai, Dehuri, Mallik, Naik [Orissa]

Exogamous units/clans: Bagha (tiger), Haldi Basant (a kind of bird), Madia (fish), Nagesia (serpent), Sal (a kind of

tree) [Orissa]

Gotra: Kashyap, Musuk, Parasar, Sandilya, Vyas [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Exogamous units/lineages (khandan, vans): [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

ANDHRAS/TELUGUS

Groups/subgroups:

Brahman, Karan, Sudra, Vaishya [Orissa]

Ari, Dammula, Das, Derasi, Harowada, Kamma, Kana, Koheii, Meka, Netinti, Patro, Pattanaik, Puti, Rao, Sadigada,

Sinni, Sriranga, Toppakula, Vedolu [Orissa]

Exogamous units/clans: Buparnasa, Devasena, Kumbha, Nagasa [Orissa]

Gotra: Bharadwaj, Kashyap, Koushik, Sandilya [Orissa]

Exogamous units/lineages: Bri, Dammula, Das, Derakasi, Kamma, Katta, Koheii, Maruwada, Neka, Netinti, Puti,

Sadigada, Sinni, Sriranga, Vedulu [Orissa]

ANGAROK

Synonyms: Chatri, Kshatriya [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Chhatri, Kshatriya [West Bengal]

Titles: Deshmandal, Majhi, Pargana [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Deshmandal, Majhi, Pargana [West Bengal]

Surnames: Bhandari, Duyari, Kurnd, Majhi, Ray, Sing [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Duyari, Kurnd, Majhi, Ray, Sing [West Bengal]

Exogamous units/clans: Mushukrishi [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Mushukrishi [West Bengal]

Gotra: Kashyap, Parasar, Sandilya, Vyas [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Kashyap, Parasar, Sandilya, Vyas [West Bengal]

Exogamous units/lineages: Palowkla, Susari (nursing), Thandar

(watchman), Thayet (first settlers) [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Exogamous units/lineages (gusthi): Bhandari (treasurer), Palowkha

(palinquin guard), Susari, Thandar, Thayet [West Bengal]

ANGLO INDIAN

Synonyms:

East Indian, Eurasian, Indo Britan [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Feeringhee [West Bengal]

Catholics, Protestants [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Surnames: Barnes, Brown, Dinger, Flemming, Hansen, Imbert, Jacob, Manley, Rozario, Seddon [Bihar and/or

Jharkhand]

Callaghan, D' Souza, Gracious, Lobo, Massiah, Reymer, Rozarie, Tate, Watkins, Wise [Madhya Pradesh and/or

Chhattisgarh]

Blanche, Culpper, Fernandes, Francis, Hardy, Redden, Unger [Orissa]

Clark, Derose, Eato, Scolt, Swart, Turg [West Bengal]

ANJANA

Groups/subgroups:

Surnames: Singh [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Exogamous units/clans: Baragat, Mor, Phor, Pustor [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

ANSARI

Synonyms: Julha, Momin [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Groups/subgroups: Allahabadi, Bijnoor Ansari, Delhiwala, Surnames: Ali, Hussain, Mohammad [Bihar and/or

Jharkhand]

ARAIN/ARAEEN/RAIN/RAYEEN

Synonyms: Kunjra, Raie, Sabzfarosh [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Surnames: Ahmed, Alam, Rayeen [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

ARMENIAN

Synonyms: Hay [West Bengal]

Surnames: Arathun, Basil, Grigory, Poladian, Sukias [West Bengal]

ARUVA

Groups/subgroups: Maulana, Nayak, Patra, Ponda [Orissa]

Titles: Behara, Mollana, Mondolo, Nayako, Patro, Podhano, Ponda, Pradhano (chief) [E. Thurston]

Surnames: Mallana, Nayak, Patra [Orissa]

Exogamous units/clans: Nagesha (serpent) [Orissa]

Exogamous units/lineages: Banka, Barakhia, Baxi, Brahmania, Chandani [Orissa]

ASADA

Synonyms: Ahada [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Exogamous units/clans: Baghela, Bhati, Chandel, Chaoda, Chouhan, Gehelot, Kachwaha, Nathawadh, Parihar,

Pawar, Rathor, Sisodia, Solanki, Tanwar [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

ASATHI

Titles: Bania, Choudhyry, Dao, Nayak, Sao [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Surnames: Biraiya, Choudhuri, Deora, Devadaily, Hirapuria Gajaya, Katela, Khiraiya, Samraya, Sarkabaya, Talaya,

Tigraiya, Vasarya [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Exogamous units/clans: Charalye, Goyal, Kaushal, Vansalya, Vasalya [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Gotra: Kashyap, Vashist [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

ASATIJAIN

Exogamous units/clans: Jamoniya, Kalongiya, Mahiniya, Sanoriya, Turkele [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

ASILI

Exogamous units/clans: Boddu (navel), Pandi (pig) [E Thurston]

ASSAMESE/ASOMIYA

Surnames: Barbara, Barua, Gogoi, Goswami, Hazarika, Mohanta [West Bengal]

ASTEUBANIA

Titles: Behera, Naika [Orissa]

Surnames: Mahapatra [Orissa]

Exogamous units/clans: Hansa [Orissa]

Gotra: Kashi [Orissa]

ASUR/BIRASUR

Synonyms: Bir Asur [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Agoria, Lohra [H.H. Risley]

Groups/subgroups: Birjhia, Jait, Soika [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Binjhia, Birjhia, Soika [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Subgroups: Agaria, Birjia, Kolh-Asur, Lohra Asur, Paharia Asur [H.H. Risley]

Titles: Majhi, Parja [H.H. Risley]

Surnames: Asur [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Ram [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Asur [West Bengal]

Exogamous units/clans: Beng, Chen (frog), Chitio (bird), Induar (fish), Kerketta (bird), Khusor, Lila (deer) [Madhya

Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Bengwar, Kerketta, Minj, Toppo [West Bengal]

Exogamous units/clans (gotar): Aiyen (fish), Mendhak (frog), Minj

(fish) [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

*Septs: Aindeel, Baroa (wild cat), Basriar (bamboo), Beliar (bel fruit), Hawar (Kaitha), Kachchua (tortoise), Kai,

Kerketta (a bird), Mukruar (spider), Nag (snake), Rote (frog), Siar (jackal), Tirki

(bird), Topo (bird) [H.H. Risley]

ATITH

Synonyms: Gosain, Sanyasi [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Samjasi [W. Crooke]

Groups/subgroups: Aranya, Bharati, Bharti, Gharbhari, Giri, Jatil, Jatti, Parvat, Puri, Sanyasi [Bihar and/or

Jharkhand]

Subgroups: Gharbari Atit, Girnam, Lakshan or Saranband, Sanyasi Atit [H.H. Risley]

Titles: Arun, Bharati, Giri, Puri [H.H. Risley]

Surnames: Ban, Bharati, Giri, Jatil, Jatti, Parvat, Puri [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Gotra: Bharadwaj, Gautam, Kashyap, Katyayini, Koushik, Sandilya, Vasisht, Vatsa [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Exogamous units/lineages (vans, khandan): [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

AUDHEUA

Titles: Varma [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Surnames: Audhelia [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

*Exogamous divisions: Bachhawat, Chhahri, Dhanawat Bhainsa, Kalkhor, Limuan, Pachbhaiya [Russell & Hiralal]

Exogamous units/clans (got): Bach, Chehadi, Dudh, Kalkor, Nag, Panchbhaia [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

AYODHYAWASI BANIA

Synonyms: Audhia [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Titles: Bania, Seth [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Surnames: Gupta, Modi, Vaishya [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Exogamous units/clans: Kaushal [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Gotra: Kashyap [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

AYODHYAWASIJAIN

Exogamous units/clans: Barai, Damela, Harduwa, Lahaniya, Purabia [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

BABRIA

Surnames: Bholani (Kotila), Desurka, Devani, Fatepura, Hadwani, Hankani, Katedia, Mayani, Nandrukia, Ranani,

Shellani, Undred, Zumpani [R.E. Enthovcn]

BAOAIK/BARAIK

Synonyms: Chik, Chik Badaik, Sutabanshi, Utabanshi [Orissa]

Groups/subgroups: Bada Gohadi Badaik, Chik Badaik [Orissa]

Titles: Badaik, Singh [Orissa]

Surnames: Badaik [Orissa]

Exogamous units/clans: Barah Bhaiya, Baro Bhaiya, Bhonjor, Bonkra, Dus Bhaiya, Kanjia, Khichgia, Panch Bhaiya,

Sankhairka, Singhi [Orissa]

BADHAI/BARHAI

Synonyms: Mistry, Sharmaji, Thakur, Viswakarma [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Viswakarma [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Binedhanies [Orissa]

Groups/subgroups: Kamarkala, Kanaujia, Kokas, Lohar, Maghaiyas, Mathuria [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Koka, Kundel, Mangai, Sutar [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Subgroups: Kanaujia, Kokas, Maghap [H.H. Risley]

Agwariya, Bahman, Barmaniyan, Bhil, Bisari, Chauhan, Dakkhinaha, Dhalwal, Gokulbansi, Jaiswar, Jalesariya,

Janghara, Kairati, Khati, Kbkasbansi, Lota, Magadhiya, Nagar, Paretiya

Purbiha, Sarwariya, Sondi, Sosaniya, Umariya, Uprautiya, Usarbhola, Uttaraha [W. Crooke]

Titles: Manjhan, Satun, Thakur [H.H. Risley]

Surnames: Barhai, Sharma, Thakur, Viswakarma [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Gotra: Bharadwaj, Kashyap [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Bharadwaj, Kashyap, Kasi, Koushik [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

BADU

Exogamous units/lineages (bansa, kula): [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

BAGAL

Synonyms: Ahir, Gour [Orissa]

Groups/subgroups: Ahir Gop, Akhara Gop, Krishna Gop, Nanda Gop [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Ahir Gop, Akhara Gop, Krishna Gop, Nanda Gop [Orissa]

Titles: Barbagal, Dehri, Mahabagal, Mahakur [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Bar Bagal, Dehuri, Desh Pradhan, Mahakad [Orissa]

Surnames: Bagal, Gop, Jadale, Jadav, Khilar, Raut, Singh [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Bagal, Gop, Khilar, Mahakud, Rout, Routray, Singh [Orissa]

Clans: Angaria (fire wood), Chawriya (deer), Dorhi (seed of Mahua), Kachima (tortoise), Nag (serpernt) [Orissa]

Exogamous units/lineages: Angaria, Chawniya, Dorhi, Nag [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Bankuar (a deer), Hajam Banta, Harma Bankuar, Jajo Bankuar (horn deer), Kurkutia (white ant), Patkumia, Sikharia,

Tentla (a kind of serpent) [Orissa]

BAGATA/BAGATHA/BAGOTA

Synonyms: Bagat, Bakta, Bhakta, Bhogat [Orissa]

Groups/subgroups:

Pedda (big) [E. Thurston]

Titles:

Majji [E. Thurston]

Exogamous units/clans (bansa): Bamia, Belhar (monkey), Chumiar, Hatiyar (elephant), Kuardar, Samudia, Sarania

(flute), Tiruar (bird) [Orissa]

Exogamous units/lineages (kutum): [Orissa]

BAGDI

Synonyms: Byagra Kshatriya, Kshatriya [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Bagrakshatriya, Byagrakshatriya, Duley, Kansaikule, Kushmite, Tentule [West Bengal]

Bagh, Bagtit, Dhara, Khan, Manijhi, Masalchi, Mundi, Paila, Palankhai, Paramanik, Pherka, Rai, Santra, Sardar [H.H.

Risley]

Groups/subgroups: Dule, Macho, Tentulia, Tentule [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Duley, Kansaikule, Kushmete, Rangrishi, Tentule [West Bengal]

Subgroups: Bajandaria, Dandamanjhi, Daratia, Dulia, Guliamanjhi, Kasaikulia Ujha or Ojha, Kusmetia, Let, Malla,

Matia [H.H. Risley]

Titles: Mallik, Roy [West Bengal]

Bagh, Behara, Bhahara, Manjhi, Masaldhi, Palankhai [H.H. Risley]

Surnames: Bagdi, Majhi, Mondal, Singh [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Bag, Dalui, Dhar, Karak, Mallick, Park, Roy, Santra, Sing [West Bengal]

Exogamous units/clans: Argotra, Kacchap, Kasbak, Madhurishi, Nagrishi, Palasi, Pankrishi, Patrishi, Salrishi [Bihar

and/or Jharkhand]

Kachhap (tortoise), Palash (flower), Rangrishi, Sal (a kind of tree) [West Bengal]

Gotra: Kashyap [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

*Sections: Alamyan, Ardi (fish), Baghrishi, Kachchap (tortoise), Kasabak (heron), Kasab, Pakbasanta (bird), Patrishi

(beans), Ponkrishi (jungle cock), Salrishi, Salmach [H.H. Risley]

Ambale, Bhole, Chaugule, Chavan, Galphade, Gara, Gafane, Karande, Marahe, More, Rasankule, Salve, Sasane,

Singan [R.E.

Enthoven]

BAGHETI

Synonyms: Baghuti, Bagti, Bogti, Bongti [Orissa]

Groups/subgroups: Niali, Siyali [Orissa]

Surnames: Bagheti [Orissa]

Exogamous units/clans: Kajara Patia, Nagasa (snake), Salo (fish) [Orissa]

Exogamous units/lineages (bansa): [Orissa]

BAGRI

Surnames: Bagri, Singh [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Exogamous units/clans: Bamonia, Bhilwar, Bhoi, Bodana, Chouhan, Dabi, Oandia, Parmar, Solanki [Madhya Pradesh

and/or Chhattisgarh]

Bhatti, Charan, Chauhan, Ohundhel, Gehalot, Panwar, Rathore, Solanki [Russell & Hiralal]

BAGTI

Synonyms: Bakti [West Bengal]

Surnames: Bagti, Bakti [West Bengal]

Exogamous units/clans (bangsa): Ar, Kachhap (tortoise), Kash, Man [West Bengal]

Gotra: Kashyap [West Bengal]

BAHAI

Surnames: Hambani, Jena, Misra, Mohanty, Nayek, Pitambro, Rout, Sahu [Orissa]

BAHELIYA/BAHELIA

Bahila, Baila, Bayla, Boila [West Bengal]

Bujar, Pargangia, Parher, Rathor, Turned [West Bengal]

Subcastes: Bajdhar, Bhongiya, Chiryamar, Chandel, Chhatri, Karaul, Kotiha, Lagiya, Pasi, Rukmaiya, Sribatsab,

Turkiya [W. Crooke]

Titles: Biswas, Mridha, Roy [West Bengal]

Surnames: Biswas, Roy [West Bengal]

Exogamous units/clans: Chandrayan [West Bengal]

Chauhan, Punwar, Rathaur, Sapawat [HA. Rose]

Gotra: Aliman, Kashyap, Sandilya, Vatsa [West Bengal]

Exogamous units/lineages (bangsa): Bundel Bangsa, Chandel Bangsa, Chohan Bangsa [West Bengal]

BAIDA

Synonyms: Bede, Bedey, Sarpa Baidhya [West Bengal]

Titles: Desh, Desh Majhi, Mukhya, Paramanik, Pottoi [West Bengal]

Surnames: Baida, Bede, Sarpa Baidya [West Bengal]

Exogamous units/clan (bansa): Aar, Sakhowar [West Bengal]

(Joftw.- Sandilya [West Bengal]

Exogamous units/lineages: Aar(a fish), Chirrha, Sankhowar (conch shell) [West Bengal]

BAIDYA

Groups/subgroups: Banga, Barendra, Kulin, Pandvakori, Rarhi [West Bengal]

Baiswanar, Banga [H.H. Risley]

Baksi, Bishwas, Chowdhury, Majumdar, Mallick, Niyogi, Roy, Roychowdhury [West Bengal]

Baidya Nidhi [H.H. Risley]

Surnames: Baksi, Bishwas, Das, Dasgupta, Dashmunsi, Dattagupta, Kabiraj, Kargupta, Majumdar, Mallick, Niyogi,

Roy, Roychowdhury, Sarkar, Sen, Senaharma, Sengupta, Sharma [West Bengal]

* Exogamous sections: Adya, Alamalaka, Angira, Atreya, Baisvarana, Basistha, Batsya, Bharadwaja, Dhanvantari,

Gautama, Ghrita

Kaushika, Ingu, Kashyapa, Kausika, Krishnatreya, Madhukuliya, Madugalya, Saktri, Sandilya, Solankaya,

Vishnu/Bishnu, Markandeya [H.H. Risley]

Exogamous units/clans: Shaktri [West Bengal]

Baiswanar [H.H. Risley]

Gotra: Atri, Dhanvantari, Kashyap, Moudgalya, Saptarshi, Shaktiri [West Bengal]

Angirasa, Atri [H.H. Risley]

BAIRAGI/BAIRAGI BAWA

Synonyms: Bairagi Bostom, Bostom [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Rajput, Thakur [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Baishnav [Orissa]

Baishnaba, Bostom [West Bengal]

Groups/subgroups: Goswami, Grihasdia, Ranayat, Sahajia [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Acharya, Madhavacharya, Nimayut, Ramanuj or Ramayut [West Bengal]

Madhavacharya, Nimanandi, Nimat or Nimbaditya, Ramanuji, Vallbhacharya or Vishnuswamy [Nanjundayya and

Iyer]

*Sects: Madhvacharya, Nimawat, Ramanuju or Sri Vaishnava, Vishnuswami [W. Crooke]

*Sub-divisions: Madhavachari, Nimanandi, Ramanandi, Vishnuswami [H.A. Rose]

*Subcastes: Baba Lali, Gharandasi, Haridasi, Murar Panthi, Samdari, Tulsidasi [H.A. Rose]

Subgroups: Madavacharya, Nimawat, Ramanandi [W. Crooke]

*Subsects: Baba Lali, Charandasi, Hari Dasi, Murar Panthi, Simsaudasi, Sorndasi, Tulsi Dasi [H.A. Rose]

BAIDYAKAR

Synonyms: Badyakar, Munidas [West Bengal]

Surnames: Munidas [West Bengal]

Gotra: Kashyap [West Bengal]

BAIGA

Synonyms: Panda [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Groups/subgroups: Bharoti, Binjhwar, Nahar or Narotia [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

*Sub-divisions: Bharotia, Binjwar, Gondwaina, Kathbhania Kondwan

or Kundi, Narotia or Nahar, Raibhania [Russell & Hiralal]

Surnames: Baiga (old), Lai, Ram (new) [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

* Exogamous septs: Ghugharia, Lapheya, Makam, Maravi, Netam, Tekam [Russell & Hiralal]

Exogamous units/clans (bedagu): Amthuria, Kathodia, Kulharia [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

BAINEEDU

Surnames: Adhikari, Das [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Singh [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Bairagi, Das, Goswami, Mahanto [Orissa]

Boiragi, Das, Goswami, Manama [West Bengal]

Charan, Chauhan, Davi, Dhabai, Golattor, Powar, Solanki [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Achyuta [Orissa]

Achhidananda, Achidananda [West Bengal]

*Septs: Achut, Anchit (tiger), Aneet, Barandia, Bishnu, Dobdhar, Gobans (cow), Idri, Kansi (a kind of grass), Nag

(cobra), Ramgharia [H.H. Risley]

Digambari, Kathia, Khaki, Lasgari, Madhavacharya, Munjia, Nimanandi, Nirbani or Niranjani, Nirmohi, Ramanujis,

Vishnu-Swam i [Russell & Hiralal]

Exogamous units/lineages (bansa): [Orissa]

BAIS BANIA

Synonyms: Maheshwari Vaishya, Poddar Vaishya, Vaishya [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Bania [Orissa]

Groups/subgroups: Agarwal, Jaiswal, Kesarbani, Rauniar [Orissa]

Ariar, Khandwar [H.H. Risley]

Titles: Chaudhari (honourific) [H.H. Risley]

Surnames: Poddar [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Gupta, Saha, Shaw [Orissa]

Exogamous units (mul): Fadullarpur, Kakraili, Karmaith, Pantpak, Sohrai [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Gotra: Bismai, Kapila, Kashyap, Sandilya [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Kashyap [Orissa]

Exogamous units/lineages (vans, khandan): [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

BAISHYA

Synonyms: Bashhi [West Bengal]

Groups/subgroups: Bankra, Bura, Narendra, Parendra [West Bengal]

Surnames: Deshmukh, Hajra, Haldar, Layek, Porira, Senapati, Thakur [West Bengal]

Gotra: Bharadwaj, Goutam, Kashyap, Madhukulya, Sandilya [West Bengal]

BAISWAR

Surnames: Baiswar [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Exogamous units/clans: Basait, Choudhuri, Dadaich, Gondhiya, Khadaich [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Bansit, Chaudharis, Khandit, Piparaha, Rautia, Sohaguriha [W. Crooke]

Gotra: Kashyap [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

BAITI

Synonyms: Chuiya, Chunari [West Bengal]

Titles: Bhuya, Rai, Sen [H.H. Risley]

Surnames: Bag, Bain, Bhuiya, Biswas, Chunori, Das, Dhara, Dutta, Gain, Koley, Majumdar, Rai, Roy, Sarkar, Sen

[West Bengal]

Gotra: Aliman, Kashyap, Madhugula [West Bengal]

Aliman, Kashyap [H.H. Risley]

BALAI/BALAHI

Groups/subgroups: Ganorea Balahi, Katiya Balahi, Nimare Balahi [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Surnames: Ajanaria, Baghmare, Balahi, Bellcar, Jagdeo, Nagle [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Exogamous units/clans: Billare, Choure, Dudhiya, Lochkhare, Mandlokar, Patankar, Sangulle [Madhya Pradesh

and/or Chhattisgarh]

BALMIKI/VALMIKI

Synonyms: Lalbegi, Valmiki [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Mehtar [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Surnames: Balu, Bhammak, Bherua, Bilban, Chaoria, Chowhan, Dagor, Dholpore, Gauhar, Jhangar, Katara, Khare,

Korosia, Lohot, Mena, Pathrol, Sarban, Varma [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Exogamous units/clans: Balu, Bhammak, Bharua, Bilban, Chaoria, Chouhan, Dagor, Dhalpore, Gouhar, Katare,

Khare, Korasia, Korisia, Lohot, Mena, Pathorot, Pathrol, arban, Varma [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Exogamous units/lineages: Balmikl rishi [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

BANAUT

Synonyms: Bundela Rajput [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Surnames: Singh [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Gotra: Bharadwaj, Dhenu, Garg, Kashyap, Kausik, Sandilya, Viswamitra [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Exogamous units/lineages (vans, khandan): [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

BANCHHDA/BANCHADA

Surnames: Rattre [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Exogamous units/clans: Rattre [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

BANDAWAT

Synonyms: Bandout [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Subgroups: Bandawat Sombansi [H.H. Risley]

Surnames: Singh [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Gotra: Bharadwaj, Kashyap, Sandilya, Vatsa [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Exogamous units/lineages (vans, khandan): [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

BANGALBANIA

Surnames: Choudhry, Gupta, Prasad, Rai [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Gotra: Aliman, Kashyap [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Exogamous units/lineages (khandan, vans): [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

BANGALI -

Groups/subgroups:

Baidya, Brahman, Kayastha, Kurmi, Mahisya, Sadgop, Sonar, Teli [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Kayastha [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Brahman, Gandhabanik, Kaibarta, Kayastha, Namasudra, Napit, Paundarakhatriya, Sadgop, Subarnabanik, Tambuli

[Orissa]

Acharya, Chowdhary, Raibahadur, Roychoudhry [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Rai, Raibahadur, Sarkar [Orissa]

Surnames: Adhikari, Aikat, Bandopadhya, Bhowmik, Deoan, Deogharia, Dutta, Ghosh, Goswami, Gupta, Mahato,

Mitra, Mondal, Mukhopadhya, Ray, Sarkar, Senapati [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Bose, Das, Dey, Ghosh, Saha, Sen, Thakur [Madhiya Pradesh]

Banerjee, Bhattacharya, Biswas, Das, Dey, Goldar, Joddar, Kar, Mandal, Mukherjee, Rai, Roy, Sarkar, Sen [Orissa]

Exogamous units/clans: Madhukulya [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Modugulla [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Balmiki, Nageswar [Orissa]

Batsp, Bharadwaj, Kashpp, Madhukulya, Sandilp [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Alambayana, Kashpp, Modugulla, Sandilp [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Bharadwaj, Kashpp, Sandilp [Orissa]

Exogamous units/lineages (bansa): [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Exogamous units/lineages (bansha): [Madhiya Pradesh]

BANGTI

Surnames: Bangti, Kaibarta [Orissa]

Exogamous units/lineages: Baga(tiger), Begri, Dala, Kukundia, Nag (snake), Naik, Pithapur [Orissa]

BANIA/BANIYA

Surnames: Sahoo, Saraf [Orissa]

Mayur, Nageswara [Orissa]

Gotra: Bharadwaj [Orissa]

BANJARA/BHANJARA, LAMBANI/LAMBANA

Groups/subgroups: Labhani [Orissa]

Banjara, Nayak, Singh [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Naik [Orissa]

Banhara, Banjara, Nayak, Singh [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Agau, Bangar, Chavan, Daund, Kekan, Misal, Pawar, Rakh, Chauhan, Naik, Rathor, Singh [Orissa]

Exogamous units/clans: Amgpt, Banjara, Bhukia, Chouhan, Keruth, Mnorh, Muchar, Munhaat, Nonsanth, Puanar,

Rathor, Sapaoth, Tarani, Unkorth [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Chauvan, Pawar, Rathor, Turis, Vadatya [Maharashtra]

Banod, Bhukia, Chouhan, Goram, Jharbale, Korra, Kulut, Lasria, Mocha, Muchal, Mur, Ortia, Palthea, Panwar,

Rathor [Orissa]

Exogamous units/lineages (vansa): [Orissa]

BANJARA: MUSLIM

Titles: Khan [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Surnames: Khan [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Exogamous units/clans: Hundhe, Landh [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

BANKA

Synonyms: Banki Rajput [Orissa]

Surnames: Bisal, Chalan, Dansana, Naik, Nimulia, Pradhan [Orissa]

BANPAR

Synonyms: Mandal [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Groups/subgroups: Chaurasia, Chavi, Chayeen, Dhoor, Gonrhi, Jaswar, Keot, Khulwant, Kurin, Mallah, Muriary,

Sakhwar, Semari, Malho, Shimaliya [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Surnames: Banpar, Barai, Bhagat, Biswas, Chaurasia, Mahto, Mandal, Parasar, Raut [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Gotra: Kashyap [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Exogamous units/lineages (khandan): [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

BANSPHOR/BANSPHODIA

Synonyms: Bansbakura, Basphorawa, Basphurdwa [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Bansphor, Bhagat, Ram [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Exogamous units/lineages (kuri): Bhatgoeyon, Chirjia, Chowkiyar, Kadagariya, Khanha, Lakadayar, Veswash [Bihar

and/or Jharkhand]

BANTAR

Synonym: Batar [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Groups/subgroups: Bate, Hazra, Manjhi, Panja [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Surnames: Manjhi, Sardar [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Exogamous units/lineages (khandan/vansh): [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

BARAI/TAMBOLI

Synonyms: Chourasia, Mohabia, Panwari [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Tamli [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

* Endogamous divisions: Burhanpuria, Chaurasia, Chitoria, Deshwari, Dudh Barias, Gangapari Pardeshi, Jaiswar,

Jharia, Kanaujia, Kharondiha, Kosaria, Kuman, Lahuri Sen, Mahobia, Purania

Kumhardhang, Ramgaria [Russell & Hiralal]

Groups/subgroups: Barai, Chourasia, Jaswar, Kumrawat/Magahi, Malvi, Purvi, Shimalia [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

*Exogamous groups: Bandrele (monkey), Batkaphor (pot breaker), Bhandari (store-keeper), Bhulya (the forgetful

one), Chikhalkar (from chikhal), Gahoi (a caste), Gujar (a caste), Katara (dagger), Kulha (jackal), Pandit (priest),

Patharha (hail-averter), Richharia (bear) [Russell & Hiralal]

Exogamous units/clans (firka): Chhorie, Dhenu, Gaur, Ghatmel [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Gotra: Kashyap [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Gautam, Kashyap, Koushik, Sandil [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Exogamous units/lineages (gharana): [Bihar and/or Jharkhand] [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

BARAIK

Synonyms: Surajbanshi Rajput [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Titles: Baraik [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Surnames: Singh [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Gotra: Kashyap [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Exogamous units/lineages (kuri): [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

BARANWAL

Synonyms: Barnwal [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Surnames: Baranwal, Lai, Prasad [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Gotra: Jamadagni, Kashyap [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Exogamous units/lineages (khandan/vansh): [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

BARAUA

Synonyms: Dhimar, Dhivar [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Surnames: Baraua (old), Burman, Lai, Prasad (new), Raikwar [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Exogamous units/clans: Barmaiya, Basmia, Paboiya, Raikwar, Sondhiya [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

BARGAH

Titles: Thakur [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Surnames: Bargah, Thakur [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Gotra: Koushik, Latbehra [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Exogamous units/lineages: Latbehra [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Exogamous units/lineages (khandan): [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

BARGUNDA

Exogamous units/clans: Kabadia, Satpadia [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

BARHI

Subgroups: Maghaya [H.H. Risley]

Titles: Arhasiya [H.H. Risley]

Exogamous units/clans (mul): Bachberait, Balhati(mul) [H.H. Risley]

BARI

Synonyms: Donwar [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Panwari [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Subgroups: Deshi, Neraadi, Vaswade [R.E. Enthoven]

Surnames: Bari, Raut [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Bari (old), Lai, Prasad, Rawat (new), Singh, Varma [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Gotra: Kashyap [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

*Sections/gotra: Bilkhariya, Chauhan, Desi, Donwar, Gorcharha, Hinduiya, Kanaujiya, Kariya, Mathuriya, Pattariha,

Rawat, Sarwariya Dakkhinaha, Sundar [W. Crooke]

Exogamous units/lineages (kultvans): Arambi, Asapure, Berad, Bhagure

Chavan, Dhamane, Garote, God, Hage, Ikare, Kalbhande, Kature, Kolhe, Masode, Musele, Panchod, Pavar, Sagure,

Saupure, Tade, Telangade, Vasule (kul) [R.E. Enthoven]

Exogamous units/lineages (vans): [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

BARIKA

Synonyms: Bhandari, Nai, Napit [Orissa]

Surnames: Barika, Behara, Bhandari, Kshuri [Orissa]

Exogamous units/clans: Nageswara (serpent god) [Orissa]

Gotra: Kashyap, Parasar [Orissa]

BARIKI

Gotra: Baru, Kottapalli, Nageswar Pundi, Patnaru [Orissa]

BAROI/BARUI/BARUJIBI

Synonyms: Barai, Bariji, Barujibi [Orissa]

Barujibi [West Bengal]

Barai, Baraij, Baraji, Barajibi [H.H. Risley]

*Subcastes: Barendra, Chaurasia, Jaiswar, Kota, Maghaya (in Behar), Nathan, Rarhi (in Bengal), Semerya, Sokhwa

[H.H. Risley]

Khan, Majumdar, Sarkar [West Bengal]

Ain, Ash, Bawal, Bhadra, Bhoumik, Biswas, Chand, Choudhuri, Dam, Das, Dana, Deo, Dhar, Guha, Haldar, Hor, Kar,

Khan, Khor, Kundu, Laha, Majumdar, Mallik, Mandal, Manna, Mantrini, Marik, Nag, Naha, Nandan, Nandi, Pal,

Rakhit, Rudra, Sarkar, Sen in Bengal [H.H. Risley]

Behara, Das, Maharana, Nanda [Orissa]

Aon, Ash, Das, Datta, Dey, Hore, Khan, Kundu, Laha, Majumdar, Manna, Marik, Nag, Nandi, Pal, Rit, Sarkar, Sil

[West Bengal]

Exogamous units/clans: Bishumahisi, Brahmarishi, Debarshi, Kashyap, Nagaswar [Orissa]

Exogamous units/clans (gotra): Adyarishi, Hansarishi, Kashyap, Madhukuliya, Sandilya [West Bengal]

Gotra: Goutama, Kashyap, Parasar [Orissa]

*Sections: Aliman (in Bengal), Bharadwaj, Chandramaharsi, Goutam, Jaimini, Kanva, Kashyap, Madhukuliya, Nag,

Sandilya, Vatsya, Vishnu, Vyasa [H.H. Risley]

BASOR

Synonyms: Banskar, Bansodi, Bansphor, Basod, Burud [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Bansphor, Burud, Dhulia [Russell & Hiralal]

Groups/subgroups: Barmaiya, Bundelkhandi, Darkal, Gohar, Kader, Narchune, Purani [Madhya Pradesh and/or

Chhattisgarh]

*Subcastes: Barmaiya, Bundehandi, Deshwari, Dhubela, Dumar or

Dom, Basors, Gudha or Gurha, Juthia, Malaiya, Purania [Russell

& Hiralal]

Surnames: Bansgar, Basor (old), Lai (new), Ram [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

*Exogamous septs: Katarya, Kemia, Morya, Sanpero, Sarkia, Titya, Mangrelo [Russell & Hiralal]

Exogamous units/clans: Adil, Aralha, Bhareli, Doreha, Katar, Newalha

Oreha, Sonwah [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

BASUDEVA/VASDEO

Synonyms: Bodewale Baba, Harbola, Kapadia, Yadava [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Harbola, Jaga, Kaparia, Kapdi, Sanadhya [Russell & Hiralal]

*Subcastes: Deswari, Gangaputri, Harbola, Khaltia, Parauha, Wasudeo [Russell & Hiralal]

Surnames: Lai, Prasad [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Dhurve, Gavli, Handa, Kadus, Kolvane, Konhere, Paigvede, Peke, Salunke, Sumalkar, Watsar [R.E. Enthoven]

Exogamous units/clans: Bandchor, Bargania, Bilar, Gautam, Matgavia, Paraha, Rathod, Rodha, Roniha, Sewani,

Soniha [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

BASUSHABAR

Surnames: Behera, Patro, Sahu, Swain [Orissa]

Exogamous units/clans: Naga (cobra) [Orissa]

BATHUDI

Synonyms: Bahutuli, Bathdi, Bathuhuli, Battidi [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Bahutuli, Bathuhuli [Orissa]

Bahutuli, Bathdi, Bathuhuli, Bautuli [West Bengal]

Titles: Chowkhiya, Oakua, Dash Chatiya, Dehri, Desh Pradhan, II20 Communities, Segments, Synonyms, Surnames

and Titles

Deshchatia, Nayak, Paramanik, Pradhan [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Chowkhia, Dakua, Dehuri, Deori, Desh Chatia, Pradhan [Orissa]

Bisoi, Choukhiya, Dakua, Dehri, Deshchatia, Patra, Pradhan [West Bengal]

Surnames: Bansori, Bishal, Giri, Khandai, Kharei, Khawli, Mundiyar, Nayak, Patra, Rout, Sangiya [Bihar and/or

Jharkhand]

Dash, Kushmaria (a kind of old glass), Nag (serpent), Nayek, Panipuk (a kind of water insect), Pradhan, Saluka

(wooden hawk) [Orissa]

Nayek [West Bengal]

Exogamous units/lineages: Dhanphul (paddy flower), Jhariyar (a wild

fruit), Kusunaria (grass), Nag (serpent), Panipuk (water insects), Parihar, Saluka (wooden husking machine),

Sankhiyar (conch), Thariyar (a wild fruit) [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Bashasing (tiger), Biswar, Das, Dhanphul (flower of wild paddy), Giri, Kushmardia (wild grass), Nag (serpent),

Panipuk, Patra, Sakhiyar (conch), Saluka (wood husking machine), Tariyar (a kind

of wild fruit) [Orissa]

Dhanphul, Hasti, Khalparia, Kushmaria (grass), Marai, Nag (serpent), Panipuk (water insect), Saluka (wooden

husking machine), Sankhiyar, Thariyar [West Bengal]

BAURI

Synonyms: Bhoi, Buna, Kandi [Orissa]

Groups/subgroups: Gobariya, Jhanta, Mana, Nula, Sikharia, Tula [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Buna, Ghumura, Mahabhoi, Tanhara [Orissa]

Gobara, Jhanta, Mana, Mula, Sikharia, Tula [West Bengal]

Subcastes: Bagh, Dhulia, Dhulo, Gobaria, Jhetia, Kathuria, Mallabhumia, Malua, Mola, Mula, Panchakoti, Pathuria,

Sikaria [H.H. Risley]

Titles: Bisoi, Dakra, Deshmandal, Majhi [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Dasa [Orissa]

Deshmondal, Khetrapal, Manjhi, Mukhya, Paramanik [West Bengal]

Behara, Digha, Mandal, Manjhi, Maulavi, Paramanik [H.H. Risley]

Bauri, Chalak, Oas, Kshetrapal, Mudi, Ray [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Behera, Das, Hati, Kandi, Naik, Pani, Rout, Samal [Orissa]

Bauri [Tripura]

Bauri, Chalak, Das, Kshetrapal [West Bengal]

Kachap (tortoise), Nag (serpent), Sal (Sal fish) [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Basant, Gunicha, Negeswar (snake god), Saraswathi [Orissa]

Kachhap (tortoise), Nag (cobra), Sal (a fish) [West Bengal]

II22 Communities, Segments, Synonyms, Surnames and Tides

Gotra: Kashyap [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Kashyap [Orissa]

Kashyap [West Bengal]

Kashyap [H.H. Risley]

"Sections: Aliman, Mahdukulya, Majhi [H.H. Risley]

Exogamous units/lineages: Sal [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Sal [West Bengal]

BAUTI

Synonyms: Baiti, Boati, Chunari [Orissa]

Surnames: Adak, Baud, Boati, Das, Dhara, Kole [Orissa]

Exogamous units/clans: Madhukulla, Nag, Panrishi [Orissa]

Gotra: Kashyap [Orissa]

BAZIGAR/BAJKAR (MUSUM)

Synonyms: Bejkar [West Bengal]

BEDIA/BERIA

Synonyms: Berani, Beria, Berni, Gandharva, Kalawat, Kannawat [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Aad Kudmi, Bediakudmi, Choto Kudmi or Sankudmi [Orissa]

Bedia Kudmi, Choto Kudmi or San Kudmi [West Bengal]

Bajea, Bedia [H.H. Risley]

Titles: Mahto [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Desh Mondal, Desh Pradhan, Mahato, Majhi, Pargonoit, Sardar [Orissa]

Deshmondal, Mahato, Majhi, Sardar [West Bengal]

Mahato [H.H. Risley]

Surnames: Bedia [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Bedia (old clan name), Chadi, Gandharva, Kalkhot (new) [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Bedia, Mahato, Majhi [Orissa]

Mahato, Majhi [West Bengal]

Exogamous units/clans: Ahir, Bambi (fish), Bihan, Bor (tree), Chidra

(Squirrel), Kachhua (tortoise), Kurmi, Mahua (Basia latifolia), Mohral (bird), Phecha (owl), Suiya (bird) [Bihar and/or

Jharkhand]

Baliowalle, Baswalle, Chadia, Dhamnia, Dhole, Largiya [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Ban, Chirrha, Hindower, Kachima (tortoise), Kotiyar, Kuchiya, Mahua, Nag (snake), Rhecha, Sonkhowar, Tiruar

[Orissa]

Chirrha, Kachim (tortoise), Nag (snake) [West Bengal]

Gotra: Kashyap [Orissa]

*Septs: Basant, Gunicha, Nageswar, Saraswati [Orissa]

Bar (banyan tree), Biha Binjha (a fish), Chidra/Cherra (squirrel), Dhechua (a black bird), Dian (a kind offish),

Kachchh Kachua (tortoise), Khopcha (an owl), Mahanadi (name of river), Mahua (Basia latifolia), Mahukal, Maina (a

bird), Nag (a cobra), Parewa (a pigeon), Pecha (an owl), Suia (a bird), Sulankhi (a bird), Sundi (mahua flower), Titipi

(a night bird), Turu (a bird) [H.H. Risley]

Exogamous units/lineages: Ban (a fish), Chidra (squirrel), Katiyar, Sankhowar (conch), Tiruar (a bird) [Orissa]

Bern (a fish), Chirrha, Hindowar, Kachchim (tortoise), Katiar, Nag (serpent), Pecha, Surya (Sun) [West Bengal]

BEHERA

Surnames: Baita, Had, Kadma, Khilari, Mukhi, Sahi [West Bengal]

Exogamous units/clans: Ghas (grass), Pan (betel leaf), Sal (a kind of

fish) [West Bengal]

BEHNA

Synonyms: Dhunia, Dhunkar, Nadaf, Pinjara, Pinjra [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

II28 Communities, Segments, Synonyms, Surnames and Titles

Surnames: Mansoori [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

BELDAR

Synonyms: Nuniya Beldar, Roy (Ray) [West Bengal]

Chunkar, Karigar, Larhia, Matkuda, Munurwar, Od, Pathrot, Raj, Sonkar, Takari, Thapatkari Vaddar [Russell &

Hiralal]

Groups/subgroups: Chauhan, Kadiautia or Kathwa [Bihar and/or Jharkhand] .

Bhagalpuria, Purha, Surha [West Bengal]

Karigar, Kuchbandhia, Larhia, Odia or Uriya, atkuda [Russell & Hiralal]

*Subcastes: Awadhia, Ayodhia or Ayodhiabasia, Bhojpuria, Chauhan Kathautia, Kathawa [H.H. Risley]

Bachhal, Chauhan, Desi, Kharebind, Kharot, Mahul, Maskhauwa, Orh, Sarwariya [W. Crooke]

Titles: Gadahya, Marar, Raut [H.H. Risley]

Surnames: Beldar, Bind, Jamadar, Mahato, Mandal, Nonia, Prasad, Singh [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Singh [Orissa]

Roy (Rai) [West Bengal]

Exogamous units/clans: Chhipia. Dahele, Khardaha, Nimgotia, Saksel, Shahbodia [Madhya Pradesh and/or

Chhattisgarh]

Behatar, Fulian, Gondli, Hasu, Jibutat, Kantial, Mahala, Mangria, Murhi [Orissa]

Exogamous units/clans (kul): Basniwar, Behra, Chapparwar, Chapula, Davawar, Faratwal, Ghorala, Jailwar, Karola,

Marwar, Naga, Narora, Pannewar, Tusa, Udiwar [Maharashtra]

Gotra: Kashyap [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Kashyap [West Bengal]

*Sections: Kasyapa [H.H. Risley]

BELEMA

Surnames: Doloi, Khuntia, Mandal, Nayak, Pradhan, Rout, Sahu, Sasmal [Orissa]

Exogamous units/clans: Kounchhasa, Nageswar (snake god) [Orissa]

Exogamous units/lineages: Basantia, Dalai, Nahak, Raul, Sasmal [Orissa]

BENITA ODIA

Benia [Orissa]

Groups/subgroups: Dalabehera, Nayaka, Paika, Sardar [Orissa]

Surnames: Bissoyi, Dalabehera, Nayaka, Parida, Patra [Orissa]

Exogamous units/lineages (vansa): Basudeva, Chharakaha, Odasi, Sri Purusottama [Orissa]

BERAR

Surnames: Bansal, Barahar, Beiar (communities based, Chawkidar

(watchman), Hartelia, Prasad, Vanskar, Varma, old) [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Exogamous units/clans: Bhartelia, Cheda, Chema, Chiulia, Dolare, Dorale, Gurwilla, Jaray, Kema, Mudele, Routelia,

Thasia [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

BESTHA, TOREYA

Subgroups: Chunam (lime), Elai, Gajula (glass bangle) [E. Thurston]

Exogamous units/clans: Alvar, Belli (silver), Chinnada (denoting gold), Chinnam (gold), Erumai (buffalo), Garuda,

Kansugaje, Kuzhal, Mogila, Naga (snake), Onne, Rakshasa, Urukathi, Vajjira, Vasishta [E. Thurston]

BHAINA

Synonyms: Sidar [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

* Sub-divisions: Ghatyara, Ghantyara, Jhalyara, Laria, Uriya [Russell & Hiralal]

Surnames: Sidar [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

*Exogamous divisions: Ahera, Dhobia, Gond, Mallin, Panika [Russell

& Hiralal]

Exogamous units/clans: Bagh (tiger), Bendra (monkey), Chechan (bird), Oeur, Hathi (elephant) [Madhya Pradesh

and/or Chhattisgarh]

Exogamous units/lineages (bansh): [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

BHAKTA

Synonyms: Bhokta [West Bengal]

Surnames: Ghoral, Pati, Rana, Singh [West Bengal]

Exogamous units/clans: Sal [West Bengal]

Gotra: Sandilya [West Bengal]

BHALLA

Synonyms: Bholar Jat, Bhule, Bhulo Bhall [West Bengal]

Surnames: Bhalla, Das, Majhi [West Bengal]

Exogamous units/clans: Khunerashi [West Bengal]

Gotra: Kashyap [West Bengal]

Exogamous units/lineages (gusthi): [West Bengal]

BHAMI

Exogamous units/clans: Bamaniya, Bhati, Bhudhuria, Chopra, Kala, Khowal, Lakhiawal, Narnale, Paliwal, Rathi,

Singhla [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

BHAND/BHANR/BHANGAT

Synonyms:

Groups/subgroups: Cheur, Kashmir [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Subgroups: Chenr, Kashmiri [W. Crooke]

Surnames: Bhanr [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Baig, Bhand, Khan [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Exogamous units/clans: Anke, Budhiake, Chickrake, Jhalbalke, Kaloshake, Pandraka, Parwake, Pondrake, Punshike,

Pushike, Torewalke [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

BHANGI

Synonyms: Jamadar, Methar [West Bengal]

Groups/subgroups: :Bhangi, Hela [West Bengal]

Basod (in Deccan), Chajgadis, Hela, Lalbegi, Makhiyar, Sheikh [R.E. Enthoven]

Balmiki, Dhanuk, Hela, Lai Begi, Pathorpor [W. Crooke]

Surnames: Baghmar, Birha, Oandel, Kanhaiya, Natbaisya, Parihar [West Bengal]

Gaikwad, Kanderao, Kanderia, Phatrod, Sanakar, Sarwan, Suraswal [S.S. Hassan]

Exogamous units/clans (gotra): Baghmar, Birha, Oandal, Kanhaiya, Nagbaisya, Parihar [West Bengal]

BHANJA

Surnames: Bhanja, Deo [Orissa]

Gotra: Basishta [Orissa]

BHANUMATI

Synonyms: Bhanmata [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Surnames: Singh [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Exogamous units/clans: Bihar and/or Jharkhandi, Solanki [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

BHARARI

Surnames: Chouhan, Dala, Jadho, Pawar [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Exogamous units/clans: Babar, Borke, Chouhan, Jadho, Japkat, Jharkar, Malvo, More, Powar, Prapta, Silute, Sindhe,

Situle [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

BHARBHUNJA/BHURJI

Synonyms: Bhunjwa [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

*Endogamous groups: Dhankuta, Mallah [HA Rose]

*Subcastes: Kaitha, Kandu, Kankubia, Saksena, Srivastab, Benglah [Russell & Hiralal]

Subgroups: Gujarati, Marathi, Pardeshi [R.E. Enthoven]

Barelikade, Bhadesia, Chaktaina, Gurjar, Kaithwar, Kanaujia, Kandu, Shri Basant [S.S. Hassan]

Bhatnagr, Jagjadon, Kaithiya, Kanaujiyas, Kandu, Rathaour, Saksena, Sriibastab [W. Crooke]

Titles: Gupta [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Surnames: Gaikwad (among Maradia), Jadhav, Pawar, Sinde [R.E. Enthoven]

Phratries: Baisya, Kankutya [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Exogamous units/clans: Kusro, Markhem, Netam (pig), Tekam [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Got: Basudeo, Bhatnagar, Jadubansi, Saksaini [H.A. Rose]

Gotra: Kanyakubja, Vaishya [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Exogamous units/lineages (bansh): Baisya, Kankutya [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

BHAREWA

Synonyms: Kaser, Soni, Tamer [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Surnames: Sai, Tilakram [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Exogamous units/clans (kul/gotiar): Kusro, Marai, Markham, Netam, Tekam [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

BHARGAVA

Synonyms: Dhusar [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Titles: Bania, Seth [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Surnames: Bhargava [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Exogamous units/clans: Bachlas, Badlas, Galgas, Golash, Golosh, Kachlas, Kashyap, Kuchalas [Madhya Pradesh

and/or Chhattisgarh]

Exogamous units/lineages: Bhrigu [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

BHARIA

Synonyms: Bhari Thakur [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Titles: Thakur [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Surnames: Bharati (new), Bharia, Pachalia (old) [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Exogamous groups: Agaria, Ahirwar, Bamhania, Binjhwar, Chandel, Dagdoha, Dhurua, Gambhele, Kaitha,

Karondiha, Kuanpa, Kurka, Loha-Sur, Magarha, Maravi, Rathor, Samarba, Sonwani, Yarkara [Russell & Hiralal]

Exogamotts units/clans: Amolia, Angaria, Bapothia, Bhardia, Bijaria, Chalthia, Gadaria, Mehania, Nahal, Pachalia,

Raotia, Thakaria [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

BHAT

Synonyms: Rao [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Bhat Brahman, Bhatta Goswami [West Bengal]

Groups/subgroups: Bangali Bhat, Goswami Bhat, Kajora, Turuk Bhat [West Bengal]

Atit, Bhund, Brahm Bhat, Brahm Bhat (in Cutch), Devalvakia, Dongras, Joshi Bhat, Kankalia, Kanojiya, Kapdi, Kunbi,

Lavania, Madhavia, Magan, Nagari, Palimanga Pardeshi Maratha (Khandesh), Ranimanga, Sadhu, Thakar,

Vahivancha, among Maratha Bhat [R.E. Enthoven]

Subgroups: Brahm, Chandidas, Charan, Chural, Jagga, Janga Bhamba, Karpal, Magadh, Mahal, Panj, Raj, Samit

Gudral, Sut, Sutrak, Uda

Bhat, Vandi [H.A. Rose]

Baram Bhat, Devluk (Brahma Bhat), Raj Bhat, Turk Bhat

(Mohammedan).[H.H. Risley]

Bharadwaja, Biram or Brahman Bhat, Dasaundhi, Gajbhim, Jaga, Keliya, Mahapatra, Rae, Rajbhat [W. Crooke]

Titles: Des Mukhya, Malik, Roy [West Bengal]

Bandi [H.H. Risley]

Surnames: Sattar [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Bhat, Bhatta, Roy [West Bengal]

Atit, Bhund, Brahm Bhat, Devaluakia, Harangia, Kankali, Kanojiya, Kapadi, Lavania, Madhavia, Magan, Mandowar,

Nagari, Palimanga, Pathoncha, Pithilia, Ramnagar, Sadhu, Solanki, Sourecha, Talwareya, Timcha, Vahivancha

[Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Dhanani, Gadhia, Ghedia, Harmani, Indrani, Kashiani, Kundanpuria, Meghpuria, Messana, Naklani, Parvattani,

Rana, Rao, Sadavarti, Sindwa, Sodani, Sudhpurani, Waloya [R.E. Enthoven]

Bharadwaj, Kashyap, Moudgulya, Parasar [West Bengal]

Bharadwaja, Kasyapa, Sandilya [H.H. Risley]

*Sections: Anal, Andiaria, Balbandhia, Gaighatia, Kailia, Kunwar, Lakhsaria, Loharkoriya, Maharajia, Menwar, Sahar,

Sanakhia, Sindhuwatia Suariat [H.H. Risley]

BHATA

Synonyms: Bhat, Raj Bhat [Orissa]

Groups/subgroups: Bada, Sana [Orissa]

Surnames: Bhat, Rao [Orissa]

Exogamous units/clans: Bagh (tiger), Kanam, Nag (cobra), Surya (Sun) [Orissa]

BHATIARA

Synonyms: Battiyara, Farooqui [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Subgroups: Bhathiyara, Hariyara, Salimshahi, Shirshahi [W. Crooke]

Surnames: Bhattiyara, Farooqui [Bihar and/or Jharkhand)

Hussain, Khan, Quadir [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Exogamous units/clans: Bahlim, Bhil, Chauhan, Chiryamar, Jalkhati, Madariya, Mukeri, Nanbai, Sadiqi, Shirazi,

Sulaimani [W. Crooke]

BHATRA

Synonyms: Bade, Batamundi, Majhli Bhatra, Sargumundi, Shan Bhatra [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Groups/subgroups: Bade Bhatra, Majhli Bhatra, San Bhatra [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Jatadharis [HA Rose]

Amnait, Pit, San Bhatras [Russell & Hiralal]

Surnames: Baghel, Bhatri, Nag, Netam [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Exogamous units/clans: Bag (tiger), Bakri (goat), Besra (a bird), Deogotia, Hansa (goose), Kachim (tortoise), Kukra

(cock), Kukur

(dog), Legra (a bird), Makri (spider), Nag (cobra), Shan Bhatra, Sulk (a kind of bird) [Madhya Pradesh and/or

Chhattisgarh]

Got: Bgains, Bhatti, Bhotwal, Digwa, Gami, Gojra, Kag, Kasba, Lande, Lar, Lohi, Rathor, Rod [H.H. Risley]

Exogamous units/lineages (bansh): [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

BHATT

Synonyms: Bhatt Brahman, Brahm Bhatt, Dasaundhi Brahman [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Titles: Kaveshwar, Kavi [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Surnames: Bhatt, Kavi, Maharaj, Rai, Sharma [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Exogamous units/clans: Hansa, Mur [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Gotra: Kashyap, Sandilya, Vatsa [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Exogamous units/lineages (khandan): [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

BHAVAIYA

Groups/subgroups: Bhavaiya, Vyas [R.E. Enthoven]

BHAVSAR

Groups/subgroups: Gujarati Bhavsar, Maradia Bhavsar [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Gujarati, Maratha, Meshri (Hindu Gujarati), Musalman Bhavsar, Ramdeshi, Rewa Kanthia, Shravak Gain) [R.E.

Enthoven]

Subgroups: Bhavsar Darji or Chippalu, Bhavsar Rangari [S.S. Hassan]

Surnames: Bhavsar, Chand [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Bhatte, Chouhan, Gohil, Parmar, Rathod [R.E. Endioven]

Alne, Amburi, Anante, Basotkar, Bhakare, Bhojid, Bodke, Chalke, Chavan, Chitalkare, Chotwe, Dewatraja, Dhanker,

Dhumale, Gadekar, Gambire, Gande, Goje, Gudale, Gujar, Hahare, Jamanker Jirse, Kalekar, Keenker, Khemkar,

Ksheersagar, Malakar, Male, Malve, Meendarker, Modalker, Nage, Nakte, Navale, Neelpanke, Pabamsi, Pandane,

Patangi, Patnekar, Rakade, Rangda Ratnapalke, Ruparange, Shaivarkare, Sotarage, Supker, Sutarwe, Talkare,

Tandre, Tandule, Upare, Vadse, Yasuker [S.S. Hassan]

Exogamous units/clans: Bunga, Burania, Chouhan, Jhola, Parmar, Sisodia [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Bandashi, Bharamar, KamaJa, Moreshwar, Nandap, Pandarik, Pippala, Poshati, Sanatana [S.S. Hassan]

Exogamous units/lineages: Bhargav, Durvasa, Garg, Goutam, Kapila, Kashyap, Markandeya, Vasisht, Vyas [S.S.

Hassan]

BHIL, BARELA

Groups/subgroups: Barela, Routia [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Surnames: Singh [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Exogamous units/clans (atak): Baguidia, Bhasda, Bouria, Chougria, Dauria, Jamria, Kanaria, Lingwal, Mohote,

Nargaina, Ochaila, Shastria, Sulia, Waskele, Wayiya [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

BHIL, BHILALA

Groups/subgroups: Bhagor, Darbar, Rathia, Urappe [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Titles: Darbar, Rawat [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Surnames: Bhumia, Chauhan, Parihar, Rawat, Singh, Solanki [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Kharao, Mohata, More, Patalp, Rawatip, Satp, Sendrp, Soma, Sule [Maharashtra]

Exogamous units/clans: Aulawe, Chauhan, Chongar, Damar, Mozalda, Rao, Ratania, Rawat, Solanki, Sulia [Madhya

Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

BHOGTA

Synonyms: Pradhan [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Ganju [West Bengal]

Titles: Ganju [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Surnames: Bhogta [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Ganju, Singh [West Bengal]

Exogamous units/clans: Baherwar, Bhumchuriar, Kawliar, Musuar, Pathbandhi, Rimrimia, Saichuniar, Samajhwar

[West Bengal]

Exogamous units/clans (gotar): Hansa (duck), Kaua (crow), Mur (peacock) [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Exogamous units/lineages (gotar): [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

BHOI

Synonyms: Basuri, Skandakara [Orissa]

Bethmua [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Buna, Gumhara, Mahabhoi, Tanhara [Orissa]

Bakoria (Gujarat Bhoi), Bharsakhare (Khandesh Bho^) [R.E. Enthoven]

Machinde (*among Maratha Bhoi) [S.S. Hassan]

Behera, Bhoi, Dasa [Orissa]

Adane, Bavne, Bhadaskal, Bhujange, Dake, Gavande, Ghatmal, Ghone, Hirawe, Jamdade, Jirange, Kajale, Kambale,

Kesapure, Khandgale, Landage, Lonare, Nemade, t'abale, Satode, Surdushe, Tamkhane, Wankhile

(*amongTelugy/Bhoi) [S.S. Hassan]

Exogamous units/clans: Chand Beria (sily/er coin), Imaliage (tamarind), Kachawai (tortoise), Medoyal (sheep),

Sinduria (vermillion), Singare (waterchest nut) [Madhya/Pradesh]

Exogam ous units/clans (gotra): Chandal, Hati (elephant), Kachhap (tortoise), Naga (snake), Sankha (conch shell)

[Orissa]

Gotra: Kreshyap [Orissa]

BHOTIA

Bhutia, Bodpa [West Bengal]

Amdo, Denjongpa, Kagatay, Khampa, Yolmo [West Bengal]

Subgroups: Chhazang, Jacho, Loban, Lonpa [W. Crooke]

Titles: Lama [West Bengal]

Surnames: Bhutia, Lama [West Bengal]

BHOTTADA

Synonyms: Bhotada, Bhotora, Bhottara, Dhottada [Orissa]

Groups/subgroups: Bada, Sana [Orissa]

Surnames: Bhandar Karia, Bhatnayak, Bhotra, Chalan, Chandoria, Choudhury, Khordia, Majhi, Nayak, Panigirit,

Prodhani, Pujari, Randhari, Samaratha [Orissa]

Exogamous units/clans (bansa): Bagh (tiger), Goyi (lizard), Kochin

(turtle), Kukur (dog), Makar (monkey), Nag (cobra), Pandiki

(pigeon) [Orissa]

* Septs: Bagh (tiger), Chei (goat), Goual (lizard Varanus), Kochchino

(tortoise), Kukkurso (dog), Nag (cobra) [E. Thurston]

BHOYAR

Synonyms: Pawar [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Subcastes: Chaurasia, Daharia, Dholewar, Panwari [Russell & Hiralal]

Titles: Deshmukh [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Surnames: Exogamous units/clans: Baignya, Baranga, Chaudhari, Chauhan, Chiknya, Deshmukh, Dongardiya, Dukhi,

Gadria, Gohattya, Gore, Hazari, Kalebhut, Kasai, Khaparia, Khawasi, Kinkar, Onkar, Panwar, Parihar, Pinjara, Suplya

[Russell & Hiralal]

Exogamous units/clans (gotia/kuri): Borange, Chowhan, Deshmukh, Dongerdia, Gorae, Parihur, Potaria, Sonpuria

[Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

BHUIHAR/BHUIYAR

Groups/subgroups: Nicha, Ucha [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Surnames: Ram [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Exogamous units/clans: Bhall, Bhaniha, Bhuinhar, Bhusar, Bunbun, Chargoriha, Dasput, Deohariya, Karwa,

Khagoriha, Khatkariha, Napan, Rae, Sisi, Suidaha [W. Crooke]

Exogamous units/clans (kilt): Chhitki (bird), Nag (snake) [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Exogamous units/lineages (juthaut/kharaut): [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

BHUIMALI/BHUINMALI

Bhuisundar, Hari, Siddiputra [West Bengal]

Groups/subgroups: Bara Bhag, Chhota Bhag [West Bengal]

Subgroups: Amarabadi, Barabhagiya, Bhulua, Chhotabhagiya, Hatia, Saralia [H.H. Risley]

Surnames: Bhusundar, Biswas, Das, Mali [West Bengal]

Gotra: Alimman, Kashyap, Parasara [West Bengal]

Aliman, Kashyap, Parasara [H.H. Risley]

BHUINYA

Groups/subgroups: Khandayat Bhulnya, Pauri Bhuinya, Poroja

Bhuinya, Rajkoli Bhuinya [Orissa]

Titles: Naik, Pradhan, Sardhar [Orissa]

Surnames: Naik, Pradhan [Orissa]

Exogamous units/clans: Batagain, Chaodi, Kadakali, Kasiri, Losal, Raikuli, Raisuin, Sareikuli, Sarkondi [Orissa]

Exogamous units/lineages (killi/kutum): [Orissa]

BHUINYA PAURI

Synonyms: Des Bhuiya, Mai Bhuiya [Orissa]

Surnames: Behera, Dehuri, Julundi, Naik, Pradhan [Orissa]

Exogamous units/lineages (khiUi): [Orissa]

BHUIYA

Synonyms: Manjhi, Rikhiasan [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Groups/subgroups: Baro Bhuiya, Bhogta, Chota Bhuiya, Dharwar, Dorha Bhuiya, Ghacwar, Mahatwar, Oriya Bhuiya

(Nayak Bhuiya), Soutar, Tirwar [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Gatwal, Katras, Musahar, Roy, Thakur [West Bengal]

*Subcastes: Bathudia, Dhur, Kati or Khatti, Khandaits or Paiks, Madhai, Pabudia, Parja, Rautadi, Rikhmun or

Rikhiasan [Russell & Hiralal]

Titles: Deshmandal, Ghatowal, Paramanik, Pradhan [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Bhogta, Chharidar, Kopat, Mahton, Manjhi, Naik, Rai Singh, Thakur, Tikayat [H.H. Risley]

Surnames: Bhuiya, Manjhi, Nayek, Roy, Sing [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Bhuiya, Ghatwal, Roy, Singh, Thakur [West Bengal]

* Exogamous septs: Amata, Behra, Chatria, Dandsena, Dehrin, Dehri, Kalo, Majhi, Naik, Padhan, Sahu, Saont

[Russell & Hiralal]

Nag(snake), Sankh (conch shell), Surya (Sun) [West Bengal]

Bhuinhar or Bhuiyar, Dandwar, Magahiya, Mahatwar, Mahthek, Musahar, Tirvah [W. Crooke]

Gotra: Kashyap, Nageswar (snake), Sandilya [West Bengal]

Exogamous units/lineages (gotta): Basuki (a serpent), Kachhim (tortoise), Kali (a serpent), Lalakiri, Sal (a fish), Sigari

(fox), Sinjikiri [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

BHUIEL

Groups/subgroups: Khawas, Shivavakti [West Bengal]

Exogamous units/clans: Kashyap, Kasi, Khasila [Sikkim]

Kashyap [West Bengal]

BHULIYA

Synonyms: Bholiya, Bholwa, Bhoriya, Meher, Mihir [Orissa]

Bholia, Bholwa, Bhoriya, Bhulia, Mehar, Mihir [Russell & Hiralal]

Titles: Meher [Orissa]

Surnames: Meher [Orissa]

Gotra: Kashyap [Orissa]

Exogamous units/lineages: Bagh, Bankra, Dhuba, Kimir, Kodjit, Kumhar, Ranjujha [Russell & Hiralal]

Exogamous units/lineages (bansa): Gonja, Mohanpuria, Mokra, Nag, Orjitia [Orissa]

BHUMIA

Synonyms: Bhumia, Thakur [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Groups/subgroups: Bere Rathor, Chote Rathor, Naik [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Bada, Sana [Orissa]

Titles: Bhumia, Thakur [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Surnames: Bhumia (old), Lai (new) [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Bhimia, Dhumali, Dora, Masa, Nayak, Potka, Pujari, Putia [Orissa]

Exogamous units/clans: Bagh (tiger), Cheli (goat), Kochim (turde), Naga (cobra), Suiya (Sun) [Orissa]

Bhag (tiger), Naga [. Thurston]

BHUMIHAR/BABHAN

Synonyms: Bhumihar Brahman [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Groups/subgroups: Bawandia, Bijalpuri, Danenshiead, Dighayt, Dijalpuri Eksaria, Jat Jadia, Malitwar, Taliha,

Tatiyadia [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Atharb (eponym) [H.H. Risley]

*Sub-divisions: Athariya, Baghochhiya, Belhariya, Bemuwar, Bhaiwadh, Birramiya, Biruar, Chandasi, Domkatar,

Donwar, Eksonya, Gautamiya, Jaithariya, Kachhi, Kahatwar, Kinwar, Kolaha, Kolhaniyan, Kotraha Karmali,

Mirzapuri, Murao, Parasiya, Raikwar, Sabraniya, Sakarwar, Sani, Sorhaniya, Suroban, Titiha [W. Crooke]

Titles: Chaudhry, Pandey, Rai, Singh, Thakur, Tiwari [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Akhwani, Arape, Chambe, Dikshit, Dube, Rai, Singh, Upadhiya [H.H. Risley]

Surnames: Mishra, Pandey, Pandit, Sharma, Tiwari [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Exogamous units/clans (gotra): Bharadwaj, Goutam, Didhvait, Jaltaria, Kashyap, Sakarwar, Sandilya, Vatsa [Uttar

Pradesh]

Gotra: Bharadwaj, Sandilya [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Angiras, Bhargava, Gargya, Gobhila, Kasyapa, Katyana, Parasara, Vasishtha, Vatsya [W. Crooke]

* Sections: Abkahon, Aggechal, Agnidhaut, Agnihotra, Ajaitia, Akasaria Ambaria, Anarai, Anraya, Anwar, Araich,

Arait, Arewar, Arnwait, Aswaria, Athrab, Athrol, Athrul, Auigh Baid, Bachgotia, Badonia, Bagaudia, Bagri, Baksaria,

Balaiar, Banria, Budramia [H.H. Risley]

Exogamous unit/lineages (vans, khandan): [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

BHUMIJ/BHUMIJA

Synonyms: Deshua Bhumij [Orissa]

Groups/subgroups: Borabhui, Chaibasa Mura, Khanga Mura, Kumpat

Athasa, Chato Athasa, Na-Gadi Bhumij, Tamariya [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Bara Bhuiya, Deshua, Haldi Pukhuria, Tamadi Sikharia, Tharua [Orissa]

Titles: Ghatowal, Manki, Mura, Sadiyal, Saidal, Tanbedan, Tanbedar Mura, Tararsardar [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Dehuri, Manki, Sadiyal [Orissa]

Bandigwar [H.H. Risley]

Surnames: Singh, Singmura, Singsardar [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Mura, Singh, Singhmunda [Orissa]

Bhowmik, Singh, Sinha [West Bengal]

Exogamous units/clans: Baddya, Baghra, Gulgu, Hansda, Hembram, Jugi, Nag (snake), Sandi, Tensha, Ubu [Bihar

and/or Jharkhand]

Danra, Gadda, Gulgu, Hamda, Hansda, Hembram, Nag, Samat, Sandi [Orissa]

Chalki, Chapra, Ghugushama, Hernia, Hemrom, Kachchyap, Khatu, Khatu Ghugushyama, Saral, Tesa [West Bengal]

Badda Kurkuttia [H.H. Risley]

Exogamous units/lineages: Danra, Gulgu, Hansda (duck), Hembram, Nag (serpent), Samat (kuchia fish), Sandi

[Orissa]

Exogamous units/lineages (bhayad, dansa): Baddya, Baghra (tiger), Galgu, Hansda (duck), Hembram, Jarru, Jugi,

Kaori, Patar, Tensha (bird), Ubusandi (a bird) [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

BHUNJIA

Groups/subgroups: Chinda Bhunjia, Choukutia Bhunjia [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Chinda Bhunjia, Chuktia Bhunjia [Orissa]

Subtribes: Chaukhutia, Chindas [Russell & Hiralal]

Surnames: Barik, Bhanargadia, Bhoae, Chhatriya, Majhi, Mallik, Patia, Pujari, Sasangia, Suara, Thakar [Orissa]

Moieties: Markam, Netani [Orissa]

Exogamous units/clans (got): Chedayya, Dhansena, Markham, Netam

(pig), Son [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Exogamous units/lineages (bansh): [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

BHURTIA

Synonyms: Gujjar [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Groups/subgroups: Ahir Bhurtiya, Dakhina Bhurtiya, Mariha Bhurtiya [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Surnames: Bhurcia, Gujjar [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Singh [Uttar Pradesh]

Exogamous units/clans: Banswar, Bhodeo, Bhoeutto, Bosharia, Dhhilowar, Dongar, Duhili, Duhuliwar, Haradwasi,

Monhaciya, Nonra, Pardhania, Roho Oliya, Tilbaria, Toitaloria, Toypalor, Utto [Madhya Pradesh and/or

Chhattisgarh]

Exogamous units/clans (gotra): Bamaria, Bijlauri, Darariha, Doyarba, Duhili, Duhilwar, Manhatia, Nuoara, Udayana

[Uttar Pradesh]

BHUTTA

Surnames: Bhutta, Khan [Rajasthan]

Exogamous units/clans (got): Jalay, Khirkara, Matno, Rasul, Umrana [Rajasthan]

BIAR

*Subgroups/sub-divisions: Barhariya, Dakkinaha [W. Crooke]

Surnames: Biar (old), Lai (new), Prasad, Ram [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Exogamous units/clans: Barhar, Barwar, Kahate, Kananjia (palace), Kashyap (tonoise), Kashi (place name), Mahato

(headman), Sarwar (lake) [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Exogamous units/clans (kuri): Barhar, Barwar, Chamanava, Kahto, Kanaujiya, Kashi, Mahto, Sarwar [W. Crooke]

Gotra: Kashyap, Kasi [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

BIHAR AND/OR JHARKHANDI

Groups/subgroups: Bajjika, Bania, Bhojpuri, Bhumihar, Brahman, Chamar, Dom, Dusad, Kayastha, Kurmi, Maghahi,

Maithili, Pasi, Rajput, Teli, Yadav [Orissa]

Bania, Bhojpuri, Brahman, Chamar, Dhobi, Goala, Kayastha, Lohar, Magahi, Maithili, Nagrahi, Rajput, Triwa [West

Bengal]

Pandit, Roybahadur, Thakur [Orissa]

Surnames: Chaturbedi, Choube, Dvibedi, Pathak, Prasad, Sahu, Sharma, Shastri, Shrivastav, Sing, Sinha, Tewari,

Tripathi, Upadhya [Orissa]

Ahir, Bagat, Choube, Dube, Giri, Gupta, Mahato, Mishra, Misra, Pande, Prasad, Rai, Ram, Singh, Tewari, Yadav

[West Bengal]

Moieties (barag): Markam, Metam [Orissa]

Gotra: Kashyap, Sandilya [Orissa]

Gour, Goutam, Kashyap, Sandilya, Savarn [West Bengal]

BIHISHTI/BHISTI/SHEIKH ABBASI

Synonyms: Mashki, Pakhali, Saqqa [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

*Sub-divisions: Abbasi, Bah Umi, Bangash, Begi, Faruqi, Ghosi, Hanafi, Khurasani, Mughal, Pathan, Quraishi, Sadiqi,

Sayyid, Shaikh, Turki [W. Crooke]

Titles: Khan, Sheikh [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Surnames: Gafrar, Khan, Sukkhu [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

BIND/BIN

Synonyms: Been [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Bind [West Bengal]

Bindu, Bjind [H.H. Risley]

Groups/subgroups: Bin, Jeth Bin, Khar Bin, Kherwal Bin, Nun Bin, Sirwal [West Bengal]

Groups/subgroups (khan): Jethaut, Khariaut [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

*Subcastes: Awadhia, Ayodhia, Jutaut Bind, Khariat, Lodhiya, Nun Bind [H.H. Risley]

Titles: Chaudhri, Mahto, Mukhia, Raut [H.H. Risley]

Surnames: Bhagat, Chauhan, Choudhry, Mahto, Mandal, Singh [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Mahaldar [West Bengal]

Gotra: Kashyap [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Kashyap [West Bengal]

*Sections: Jarhuait, Jhauait, Odania [H.H. Risley]

Exogamous units/lineages: Jathaut, Kharaut [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

BINJHAL

Synonyms: Binjhar, Binjhwar [Orissa]

Titles: Bariha [Orissa]

Surnames: Bariha [Orissa]

Exogamous units/clans: Amori, Bagh (tiger), Bentakar (archer), Bhue (earth digger), Chak, Dudja, Duduka, Dumal,

Endja, Kamalia (lotus), Kamati (arrow), Kanda (root), Kare, Keshra (bison horn), Kharsel, Lahar, Lui (cunning), Majhi,

Malik, Marhi, Nengi, Samani, Subarnajhat [Orissa]

Exogamous units/lineages (bansa): Chauhan, Hillchip, Nag Bansi, Rajput, Surya Bansi [Orissa]

BINJHIA

Synonyms: Bindhya Bashini, Khatriya [Orissa] , Groups/subgroups: Dand Binjhia, Pahariya Binjhia [H.H. Risley]

Titles: Majhi, Naik, Pradhan, Raut [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Gunjwar, Majhi, Pradhan [Orissa]

Baraik, Dandia, Gaunjhu, Karji, Manjhi, Naik, Parja [H.H. Risley]

Surnames: Binjhia, Majhi, Naik, Pradhan, Raut, Singh [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Gunjwar, Majhi, Pradhan [Orissa]

Exogamous units/clans: Kareite Bimaria, Nag (snake), Ulamaria [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Amrut, Bair, Bhairab, Dadual, Kaensa, Kaensaba, Kunjuwar, Kusha, Lele [Orissa]

Bair, Bansetti, Bhair, Cheruka, Chidra, Choktra, Dadul, Hum [H.H. Risley]

Gotra: Kasi [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Bharadwaj, Kapila [Orissa]

BINJHWAR

Groups/subgroups: Sonvaha Binjhwar [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

*Sub-divisions: Binjhias, Binjhwars proper, Birjhias, Sonjharas [Russell & HiraJal]

Bagh, Banka, Bhil, Dudh Kawaria, Jal, Jalia, Kamalia, Kessal, Lohar, Majhi, Marai, Meli, Bagh, Panknali, Pod, Tar,

Udhar, Ultum [Russell & Hiralal)

Exogamous units/clans (goitar): Bakra (goat), Bhaisa, Chandrama, Dedh, Deharia, Dehega (tree), Juwadi (who

knows ploughing), Katmohi (tree), Kisam, Savur (fish), Singhi (lion or horn) [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Exogamous units/lineages (bansh): [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

BINJIYA

Synonyms: Adibasi [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Titles: Singh [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Surnames: Singh [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Exogamous units/clans (gotra): Bishsen, Goutam, Jamadar, Jhalar Prasar, Kuwar, Manjhi, Pradhan, Sandil [Madhya

Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

BIRHOR

Synonyms: Mankidi, Mankirdia [Orissa]

Groups/subgroups: Jaghi (setders), Uthlu (wanderers) [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Jaghi, Uthulu [Orissa]

Jaghi, Uthulu [West Bengal]

Titles: Bandarbikreta [H.H. Risley]

Surnames: Birhor [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Sai [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Shikari [West Bengal]

Exogamous units/clans: Aiyen (fish), Baghwar (tiger), Induar (fish), Kachhua (tortoise), Kanhar, Murmu, Nankari,

Silwari [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Ban (tree), Bari (tree), Bendhi (fish), Deria, Karia, Kariari, Kosandi (tree), Ligri, Sonvani [Madhya Pradesh and/or

Chhattisgarh]

Hembrum (betel palm), Nagpuria, Sikria, Singhili [Orissa]

Darua, Hembrom, Induar, Jekseria, Kamru, Kuiri, Latha, Mahli, Saren, Tudu [West Bengal]

*Septs: Hemrom (a kind offish), Jagasria, Laluai, Mahli, Nagpuria, Nag (cobra), Singpuria, Siruar [H.H. Risley]

Exogamous units/lineages (bansh): [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

BIRJIA

Groups/subgroups: Sinduria, Telia [West Bengal]

Groups/subgroups (koraku): Sinduria, Telia/Telha [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Surnames: (Sirtha), Birjia [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Birjia [West Bengal]

Exogamous units/clans: Lakra (tiger), Sirtha, Tetenga (lizard) [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Birja [West Bengal]

Exogamous units/lineages: Kodaku, Sinduria, Telia [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

BISATI

Synonyms: Ferriwala, Manihar, Pathera, Tikulhara [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Surnames: Shah, Syed [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Sections: Banjara, Mughal, Rajput, Shaikh [W. Crooke]

BISHNOI/VISHNOI

Synonyms: Marwari [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Exogamous units/clans (gotra): Ghodara, Jari, Jhuriya, Kalirawna, Khokhar, Manju, Pawar, Sai, Saran [Madhya

Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

BIYAHUT

Synonyms: Baksaria [H.H. Risky]

*Sections/surnames (mul): Abkahila, Ami, Bahraka, Bahraka Mahto, Bakat, Banarasia, Barahaka, Buxar, Mahto,

Panre Ke Panre [H.H. Risley]

Exogamous units/clans: Ami [H.H. Risley]

BOHRA/BHORA

Titles: Ariff, Asmal, Calcuttawala, Chithiwala, Jalotrawala, Johar, Patherya, Sachee, Salenjee, Taiabbahai, Timor,

Tobanwala [West Bengal]

*Sections: Bachguar, Balai, Batham, Bhatiya, Charwar, Dasati, Deswal, Kachhi, Kamar, Kasib, Khangar, Kundal,

Maheswari, Nagar, Samel, Sundi, Syani [W. Crooke]

BONDO

Synonyms: Bondo Pora [Orissa]

Groups/subgroups: Hill Bondo, Plain Bondo [Orissa]

Titles: Back Naik, Dhangda Majhi, Naik [Orissa]

Surnames: Kirshani, Maihi, Mandra, Muduli [Orissa]

Exogamous units/clans: Killo, Ontal [Orissa]

Exogamous units/lineages (kuda, manda): [Orissa]

BONKA

Groups/subgroups: Bonka, Goru Bonka, Pata Bonka [E. Thurston]

BOTTADA

Subgroups: Bodo (genuine Bottada), Madhya, Sanno [. Thurston]

Exogamous units/clans (bansa): Bhag (tiger), Cheli (goat), Goyl (lizard), Kochimo (tortoise), Kukkuro (dog), Makoda

(monkey), Nag

(cobra) Varanus [E. Thurston]

BRAHMA KALPIT BRAHMAN

Synonyms: Gayawal Panda [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Surnames: Bhaiya, Choudhury, Dokeswar, Dube, Dubhalia, Dukri, Gayeb, Goswami, Gurda, Jhangar, Misra,

Nakhopa, Padhay, Pathak [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Gotra: Bharadwaj, Bhargav, Goutam, Kashyap, Koushik, Sandilya, Vasisht, Vatsa [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

BRAHMAN

Synonyms: Sasani [Orissa]

Groups/subgroups: Acharya, Agradani, Baidik, Barendra, Madhya Sreni, Morapora

Agradani Patit, Rarhi, Saptasati, Vaidik [West Bengal]

Patro [Orissa]

Chakravarti, Chowdhuri, Ghatak, Roy, Roychowdhury [West Bengal]

Aiyar, Bhatt, Desh Pande, Joshi, Mishra, Nagar, Nambudari, Ojha, II76 Communities, Segments, Synonyms,

Surnames and Titles

Pandey, Rao, Tripathi, Upadhyay [Andaman & Nicobar Islands]

Aradhya, Bhandari, Kini, Mallan, Pai, Shenai, Vadhyar [E. Thurston]

Achari, Adhikari, Agasti, Agnihotri, Ahitagni, Avasthi, Bagchi, Baguli, Bahriyar, Bajapeyi, Bakriyar, Bakshi (honorary),

Baral, Bargwal, Bharial, Chattopadhyaya [H.H. Risley]

Pandit [M. Montgomery]

Agnihotri, Chaube, Dikshit, Dube, Pande, Sukul, Tiwari, Upadhya [Russell & Hiralal]

Surnames: Agnihotri, Bhojlei, Bujroo, Chaturvedi, Dwivedi, Gaur, Joshi, Jyotishi, Nagarkoria, Pandit, Purohit,

Saraswat, Sharma, Tripathi [Himachal Pradesh]

Acharya, Das, Devta, Dibedi, Doia, Hota, Kara, Layak, Mahanti, Misra, Nanda, Nasauk, Padahar, Panda, Pani,

Panigrahi, Pari, Patra, Ratha, Sanapati, Sarangi, Satpali [Orissa]

Bagchi, Bandyopadhyay, Batabyal, Bhattacharya, Chakravarti, Chattaraj, Chattopadhyay, Gangopadhyay, Ghatak,

Goswami, Haider, Lahiri, Laskar, Maitra, Mazumdar, Mukhopadhyay, Roychowdhuri, Sanyal [West Bengal]

*Exogamous sections: Agastya, Angirasa, Atri, Bharadwaj, Bhargava, Bhrigu, Garg, Gautam, Jamadagni, Kashyap,

Kaushik, Marichi, Pulastya, Vasishtha, Pulaha, Sandilya, Vasishtha, Vatsya, Visvamitra [Russell & Hiralal]

Akas, Akshagrami, Ambuli, Andarie Nehra, Andarie Pirapur, Annasani, Anraiwar Usrauli, Anraiwar Anrai, Anraiwar

Anraiwar Jhaua, Arath, Asrukoti, Aturthi, Babhaniame Babhaniame Katma, Bagchhi, Baguri, Bahal, Bahirarwar,

Bahirarwar (punach) Bala, Balayashthi, Bali, Balihari, Balthubi, Bandya (Kulin), Bapuli, Baral, Bhagai, Bhatta, Chatta,

Chautkhandi Dayi, Dighal, Dingsai, Dirghati, Ganguli (Sabarna gotra), Gargari, Ghanteswari, Ghoshal, Ghoshal

Simlai, Gur, Uar, Kanjiari, Kanjilal, Karrain, Kaujilal, Kesarkuni, Kulabhi, Kundalal Mahinta, Mukhaiti, Mul, Nanidbali,

Nayari, Parhat, Parhial, Parial, Patitunda, Pippalai, Pitamundi, Pungsika, Purbba, Pushali, Puritunda, Rayi (Gauna

Kulin), Saharik, Sateswari, Siarik Siddhal [H.H. Risley]

Bharadwaj, Goutam, Parasar, Sandilya, Savarna, Vatsa [West Bengal]

Agastya, Agnibesma, Angirasa, Atri, Bachn, Basishtha, Batsa, Bharadwaja, Kasyapa, Sabarna, Sandilya [H.H. Risley]

Atri, Badarayana, Bharadwaj, Bhargav, Garg, Gautam, Goutam, Harita, Jamadagni, Kapila, Kashyap, Katyayana,

Kaushik, Koundinya, Naidhrava, Parasar, Parthiva, Rouhila, Sandilya, Sankhayana, Upamanya, Upamanyu, Vainya,

Vardhriaswa, Vasisht, Vatsa, Veethahavya, Vishwamitra [S.S. Hassan]

BUNA

Surnames: Dasa, Samala [Orissa]

Exogamous units/clans (gotra): Hati (elephant), Naga [Orissa]

BYADH

Synonyms: Bedh [West Bengal]

Surnames: Biswas, Byadh, Pakhiwala [West Bengal]

CHADAR

Synonyms: Athia, Pawar [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Groups/subgroups: Athia, Parmesiyria (Pawar) [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Surnames: Athiya, Lai, Pawar, Prasad, Singh, Thakur [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Exogamous units/clans: Ashwa, Bachiya, Behlot, Bel, Brahma, Chandra, Charan, Gavaya, Hanuman, Khatri, Magar,

Rathod [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

CHAIE

Surnames: Mahto, Mandal, Singh [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Exogamous units/lineages (khandan): [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

CHAIN

Synonyms: Chin Mandal [West Bengal]

Groups/subgroups: Bara Chain, Bhatial, Chirwal/Sirwal, Chota Chain [West Bengal]

Subgroups: Bara Chain [H.H. Risley]

Surnames: Chaudhury, Mondal, Sarkar [West Bengal]

Gotra: Kashyap [West Bengal]

Sections: Bharadwaj, Charanbansi, Kashyap, Sandil [H.H. Risley]

CHAKALI/CHAKKALI/CHAKKOLI

Exogamous units/surnames: Chhetti, Murthi, Rao [Orissa]

*Exogamous septs: Gummad [E. Thurston]

*Exogamous subgroups: Bappanna, Chikori, Gandamala, Gondpurla, Konker, Manipad, Padur, Singaraj, Vastarla

[S.S. Hassan]

Exogamous units/clans: Nagala [Orissa]

Exogamous units/lineages (intiperulu): Dankuru, Karanjiada [Orissa]

CHAKUUA BRAHMAN

Synonyms: Chakulia Panda, Dasanami Sanyasi, Goswami, Goswami Brahman [Orissa]

Surnames: Aranya, Ashrama, Bana, Bharati, Giri, Parbata, Pun, Sagara, Saraswati, Tirtha [Orissa]

Gotra: Angirasa, Atri, Garg, Gautama, Kashyap, Parasar, Sounaka, Vasisht [Orissa]

CHAMAIL/CHAMELA

Synonyms: Chamela [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Titles: Chamela [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

CHAMAR/CHAMBHAR/CHAMAR OR RAMDASIA

Synonyms: Charmkar, Harijan, Mahra, Mochi, Ravidas [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Groups/subgroups: Goriya, Jaiswar, Magahiya, Nagahia [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Ahir (Maratha), Boryekar Chamgar, Chamgar Canarese, Chevli, Dabholi, Gadka, Ghati, Harali, Konkani, Mochi [R.E.

Enthoven]

Subcastes: Chamar (Tanti), Dharh, Dhusia, Dohar, Gqria, Hondagia, Jaiswara, Janakpuri, Jaunpuri, Joriaha, Khati

Mahara, Korar, Larkor, Magahia, Moghalia, Pachhian, Sonpursa, Thengait [H.H. Risley]

Ahirwar, Antarvedi, Beraria, Bhadoria, Budalgirs, Bundelkhandi, Chungias, Daijanya, Dakhini, Desha, Gangapari,

Gobardhua, Jaiswaras, Jharia, Kanaujia, Kataua, Katwa, Khaijra, Korchamars Ladse or Ladvi, Mahobia, Mangya,

Mochis, Nona Chamars, Pardeshi, Satnami [Russell & Hiralal]

Aharwr, Chamar, Chamkaliya, Dhusiya, Dohar, Gole, Jaiswara, Jatwa, Korchamar, Kori, Kuril, Pattargoli, Purabiya,

Raedasi, Sakarwar, Nigoli [W. Crooke]

Bear, Bohit, Chunipara, Kapri, Mahaldar, Marar, Meh taria, Naik, Rohit, Mahara [H.H. Risley]

Surnames: Das, Ram, Raut [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Chavan, Damare, Deshmukh, Devre, Dhorge, Doiphode, Durge, Gadekar, Gaikvad, Girimkar, Hankare, Hulamke,

Jadhav, Jamdhare Kabade; Kadam, Kadme, Kale, Kalge, Kamble, Kande, Karande, Kavade, Kedar, Lagchavre, Natke,

Pavar, Pote, Salve [R.E. Enthoven]

Exogamous groups: Baghmar, Banjar, Baraiya, Borbans, Chandaniha, Chauria, Chhipia, Dhuliya, Gaharwar, Hathila,

Jadkodiha, Jogi, Khairwar, Khalaria, Khunti, Kosni, Machhi Mundia, Maladhari, Mangaya, Marai, Miri, Purain,

Rathor, Surajvansi, Tarwaria [Russell & Hiralal]

Azghalla (in Chota Nagpur), Harbans, Kachua (tortoise), Karwa, Kerketa (a bird), Mahua (bassia latifolia), Mus (rat),

Nag (cobra), Raot, Sandh (bull). Saur (a fish), Tirki [H.H. Risley]

Badhan, Bains, Batoi, Bhati, Ghameri, Hir, Jal, Kathana, Mahmi, Phundwal, Sindhu [HA Rose, D. Ibbetson]

Gotra: Kashyap [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

CHAMAR JATAV

Synonyms: Mahra [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

CHAMAR, KURIL

Synonyms: Pradesi Chamar [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Surnames: Anand, Anant, Diwakar, Kuril [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

CHAMAR, MANGAN

Synonyms: Harijan [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Exogamous units/clans (goitar): Chouhan, Lathi, Madho (god Shiva), Tengna [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

CHAMAR, MOCHI, MUCHIA, MUCHI RAVIDAS

Charmakar, Mochi [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Ahirwar, Dohar [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Chamar [Orissa]

Chamar, Charmkar, Das, Rabidas, Rishi, Ruidas [West Bengal]

Goriya, Jaiswar, Magahia [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Bhambi, Jatav, Mangan, Nona, Rogar, Rohidas, Satnami, Suryavanshi [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Atmaoli Mochi, Dhusia Mochi, Kharothi Mochi, Maharana Mochi, Maratha Mochi, Rao Mochi, Telugu Mochi

[Orissa]

Arisona, Barohajare or Chamar or Choumu, Darshana or Ruidas [West Bengal]

*Subcastes: Chitrakaro, Chitrakara [E. Thurston]

Baital, Bara-bahagiya, Betua, Chasa-Kurur or Chosa-Kolai, Chhotabhagiya, Jugi-Mudi or Kora, Kurur, Malabhumia,

Sabarkara, Sonki [H.H. Risley]

Apnuroni, Aswar, Atindaliwaru, Chincholiwaru, Damgatimadi, Desmane, Devkar, Dhadve, Digaiwaru, Diganoi,

Gadkar, Gaikwad, Garkantadoru, Gogisagarwaru, Inkare, Jundade, Kavale (Chambar), Khandare, Khatave,

Kodamarolu, Kotkundawaru, Landge, Nakwarden, Palkaltawaru, Patel, Soruse, Talikoteawaru, Vangantawaru

(Mochi), Waghe, Waghmare, Yadgirwaru [S.S. Hassan]

Darshan, Muchiram Das, Patradas, Ravidas, Sparshan [H.H. Risley]

Das, Ram, Raut [Bihar and/or Jharkhand]

Jadkudia, Ram, Ravidas, Singh [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]

Behera, Das, Mahapatra, Maharana [Orissa]

Das, Ruidas [West Bengal]

Rohit [Dadra & Nagar Haveli]

Bahota (in Shirazi), Balu, Banjrajat (in Kapurthala), Baunath, Bhatti Rajput Jat, Chandhar, Daryah, Dhaliwal, Gahlot,

Gai, Gauere, Ghaki, Gil, Harar, Jal, Kainkar, Kaler Jat, Kautha Khang Jat, Khokhar, Kuler, Lagah, Lakhi, Mallan, Mohil,

Mohra, Mode, Nagah, Rain, Radii, Sadraha, Sal