people vs. ancheta

7/24/2019 People vs. Ancheta

1/18

People vs. Ancheta (G.R.

No. 143935)

Facts: On March 20, 1987,

Alfredo Roca he was in hisfarm to threshpalay. Later

on, an owner-type eep with

trailer stopped at a spot not

far from his h!t" #e

reco$ni%ed the occ!pants as

acc!sed Antos &acanay,

'd$ardo (Lilin$( Areola,

)illiam Ancheta, Lito de la

*r!%, 'ly *alacala and

appellant +elipe (oy( lep

who all ali$hted from the

eep" &acanay, Areola and

Ancheta stood on one side of

the irri$ation canal facin$

Mar!n Roca who was

standin$ on the other side"

Alfredo saw &acanay s!ddenly

p!ll o!t a $!n and shoot

Mar!n on the head, ca!sin$

the latter to fall to the

$ro!nd" As he lay on the

$ro!nd, Mar!n was a$ain

shot, this time .y Areola andAncheta" /hereafter, lep, de

la *r!% and *alacala started

firin$ at Alfredos h!t" Alfredo

was not hit, howeer, .eca!se

he was a.le to $et o!t of the

h!t and die into the irri$ation

canal in the nic of time"

#oweer, enita and +e.e

were fatally hit .y the initial

olley of $!nfire" /he

assailants fired at Alfredo in

the canal .!t they did not hit

him" Ancheta then h!rled a

$renade which e3ploded near

the h!t" )hen the $ro!p ran

o!t of .!llets, Alfredo

emer$ed from the canal and

hid inside his h!t" #e saw the

$ro!p load onto the trailer 45

sacs ofpalay, each

containin$ an aera$e of 50

ilos al!ed at 6"50 per ilo"

Alfredo owned the

stolenpalay" Appellant lep

and his companions then.oarded their eep and left"

Issue: )hether or not the

a$$raatin$ circ!mstances of

treachery and with a .and are

present"

Held: f the a$$raatin$

circ!mstances alle$ed in the

information,14only treachery

and .and were esta.lished"

/here was treachery as the

eents narrated .y the


2/18

eyewitnesses pointed to the

fact that the ictims co!ld not

hae possi.ly .een aware that

they wo!ld .e attaced .y

appellant and his companions"

/here was no opport!nity for

the ictims to defend

themseles as the assailants,

s!ddenly and witho!t

proocation, almost

sim!ltaneo!sly fired their

$!ns at them" /he essence of

treachery is the s!dden and

!ne3pected attac witho!t the

sli$htest proocation on the

part of the person attaced"

/he offense was also proen

to hae .een e3ec!ted .y a

.and" A crime is committed

.y a .and when at least fo!r

armed malefactors act

to$ether in the commission

thereof" n this case, all si3

acc!sed were armed with

$!ns which they !sed on their

ictims" *learly, all the armed

assailants, incl!din$

appellant, too direct part in

the e3ec!tion of the ro..ery

with homicide"

/#R& &:O;

!ne ,

200"?

P!P" !F #H

PHI"IPPIN$,ap

pellee, vs.

WILLIAM ANCHE

TA, EDGARDO

AREOLA, ANTOS

DACANAY, LITO

DE LA CRUZ,

FELIPE ULEP @

BOY ULEP AND

ELY

CALACALA, accus

ed"

F"IP %"P & '!

%"Pappellant"

* + I $ I ! N

+!R!NA,J p@

/his is an appeal from the

decision 1dated Octo.er 1,

1998 of the Re$ional /rial

*o!rt of *a.anat!an *ity,

ranch 40, conictin$ the

appellant +elipe (oy( lep ofthe crime of ro..ery with

homicide and sentencin$ him

to s!ffer the penalty

of reclusion perpetua"
http://0-cdasiaonline.com.lib1000.dlsu.edu.ph/jurisprudences/9247?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=9268&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=50428&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=55793&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=52885&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=9247&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=56727&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=55627&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=968&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=10612&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=56265&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=59006&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=59236&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=58446&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=54849&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=55088&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=53332&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=8824&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=8607&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=59303&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=8793&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=people+v.+ancheta&q%5Bissue_no%5D=&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=2004#footnote1_0http://0-cdasiaonline.com.lib1000.dlsu.edu.ph/jurisprudences/9247?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=9268&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=50428&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=55793&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=52885&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=9247&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=56727&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=55627&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=968&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=10612&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=56265&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=59006&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=59236&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=58446&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=54849&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=55088&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=53332&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=8824&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=8607&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=59303&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=8793&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=people+v.+ancheta&q%5Bissue_no%5D=&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=2004#footnote1_0


3/18

Appellant, to$ether with

)illiam Ancheta, 'd$ardo

(Lilin$( Areola, Antos

&acanay, Lito dela *r!% and

'ly *alacala, was char$edwith the crime of ro..ery with

m!ltiple homicide and

fr!strated m!rder in an

nformation dated ;oem.er

2, 1987@

/hat on or a.o!t

the 20th day of

March, 1987, at

12@00 oBcloc to

1@00 oBcloc in the

afternoon, at

Man$$ahan, icos,

Ri%al, ;!ea 'cia,

6hilippines, and

within the

!risdiction of this#onora.le *o!rt,

the a.oe-named

acc!sed,

conspirin$,

confederatin$ and

helpin$ one

another, did then

and there wilf!lly,!nlawf!lly and

felonio!sly,

thro!$h force and

intimidation !pon

persons, tae, ro.

and carry away

thirty C40D caans

of

cleanpalayal!ed

at 6,500"00.elon$in$ to

Alfredo Roca, to

his dama$e and

pre!dice, and in

order to

s!ccessf!lly carry

o!t the ro..ery,

the a.oe-namedacc!sed, p!rs!ant

to the same

conspiracy,

wilf!lly, !nlawf!lly

and felonio!sly,

with eident

premeditation and

with treachery,

and with intent to

ill, fired their

$!ns at Mar!n

Roca, which

ca!sed his death,

shot at enita

AendaEo Roca

and +e.e Roca and

h!rled a $renadea$ainst them and

.oth of them died

as conseF!ence of

the wo!nds they

s!stainedG and


4/18

also fired !pon

Alfredo Roca with

their firearms,

th!s performin$ all

the acts of e3ec!tion which

wo!ld prod!ce the

crime of m!rder as

a conseF!ence .!t

which,

neertheless, did

not prod!ce it .y

reason of thetimely r!nnin$ for

coer .y the said

Alfredo Roca"

/hat in the

commission of the

crime, the $eneric

a$$raatin$

circ!mstances oftreachery,

disre$ard of the

respect d!e the

deceased +e.e

Roca and enita

AendaEo Roca on

acco!nt of their

a$e and se3 andthat the crime was

committed .y a

.and"

ALL *O;/RARH /O

LA)" ,

All of the acc!sed remain at

lar$e to this day e3cept for

appellant who was arrested

on >an!ary 5, 1990" #e

pleaded not $!ilty d!rin$arrai$nment on >an!ary 25,

1990" n order to e3pedite the

hearin$ of his case, appellant

was $ranted a separate trial"

/he prosec!tion presented

Alfredo Roca, ir$ilita Roca-

La!rea$a, &r" A!rora elsa

and 'milio Roca as its

witnesses" /he prosec!tion

anchored its case principally

on the testimony of Alfredo

Roca who saw how appellant

and his companions ro..ed

them of 45 sacs

ofpalay after illin$ his son

Mar!n Roca, his wife enitaRoca and his mother +e.e

Roca"

Alfredo Roca testified that

.etween 12@00 noon and 1@00

p"m" of March 20, 1987, he

was in his farm in

Man$$ahan, Ri%al, ;!ea

'cia to threshpalay" )ith

him at that time were Mar!n

Roca, enita Roca, +e.e Roca

and da!$hter ir$ilita Roca-

La!rea$a" #e, enita and

+e.e were a.o!t to tae their


5/18

l!nch inside his h!t" Mar!n

and ir$ilita were done eatin$

and were standin$ o!tside" At

this point, Alfredo noticed the

arrial of an owner-type eepwith trailer which stopped at a

spot not far from his h!t" #e

reco$ni%ed the occ!pants as

acc!sed Antos &acanay,

'd$ardo (Lilin$( Areola,

)illiam Ancheta, Lito de la

*r!%, 'ly *alacala and

appellant +elipe (oy( lepwho all ali$hted from the

eep" &acanay, Areola

andAncheta stood on one side

of the irri$ation canal facin$

Mar!n Roca who was

standin$ on the other side"

+rom a distance of 10 to 12

meters, Alfredo saw &acanay

s!ddenly p!ll o!t a $!n and

shoot Mar!n on the head,

ca!sin$ the latter to fall to the

$ro!nd" As he lay on the

$ro!nd, Mar!n was a$ain

shot, this time .y Areola

and Ancheta" /hereafter, lep,

de la *r!% and *alacala

started firin$ at AlfredoBs h!t"Alfredo was not hit, howeer,

.eca!se he was a.le to $et

o!t of the h!t and die into

the irri$ation canal in the nic

of time" #oweer, enita and

+e.e were fatally hit .y the

initial olley of $!nfire" /he

assailants fired at Alfredo in

the canal .!t they did not hit

him" Ancheta then h!rled a$renade which e3ploded near

the h!t" )hen the $ro!p ran

o!t of .!llets, Alfredo

emer$ed from the canal and

hid inside his h!t" #e saw the

$ro!p load onto the trailer 45

sacs of palay, each

containin$ an aera$e of 50ilos al!ed at 6"50 per ilo"

Alfredo owned the

stolenpalay" Appellant lep

and his companions then

.oarded their eep and left"

ir$ilita Roca-La!rea$a

corro.orated the eyewitness

acco!nt of her father AlfredoRoca" :he declared that, from

a distance of 10 meters, she

saw her .rother Mar!n fall to

the $ro!nd after .ein$ shot .y

&acanay" +ollowin$ the

$renade e3plosion, Areola

aimed his $!n at her and

p!lled the tri$$er .!t the $!ndid not fire .eca!se he had

apparently r!n o!t of .!llets"

:he also saw appellant lep

fire his $!n at her fatherBs

h!t"


6/18

&r" A!rora elsa, assistant

proincial health officer of

Ri%al, ;!ea 'cia, cond!cted

the a!topsy on the .odies of

Mar!n, enita and +e.e" #erreport showed that@ C1D

Mar!n s!stained $!nshot

wo!nds in the head, stomach

and chestG C2D enita s!ffered

$!nshot wo!nds that

p!nct!red her small and lar$e

intestines and C4D +e.eBs

$!nshot wo!nds in her chestdama$ed her l!n$s, heart and

lier" &r" elsa declared that

all the $!nshot wo!nds

s!stained .y the ictims were

fatal, ca!sin$ their immediate

death"

'milio Roca, 81 years old and

h!s.and of +e.e Roca,testified on the ciil aspect of

the case" #e stated that, as a

res!lt of the death of +e.e,

Mar!n and enita, the family

inc!rred e3penses for the

wae and f!neral in the

amo!nt of 685,000" Liewise,

the death of his wife, sister-in-law and $randson ca!sed

him to s!ffer a fit of

depression" #e lied in fear

and was forced to sell his

ho!se" #e transferred

residence .eca!se the

perpetrators mi$ht ret!rn to

ill him"

/he defense had a differentstory"

Appellant lep, a cogon-

$atherer in the farm of

'd$ardo Areola, alle$ed that

at aro!nd 10@40 a"m" on

March 20, 1987, he went to

AreolaBs farm to chec

whether thepalaycrops hadadeF!ate water" /he farm was

located !st .eside Alfredo

RocaBs" )hen he saw that the

crops were almost withered,

appellant dierted the flow of

water from AlfredoBs farm to

that of AreolaBs" )hile he was

.eside the irri$ation ditch, henoticed 10 male stran$ers in

the icinity of AlfredoBs h!t"

#e saw Alfredo attemptin$ to

throw a $renade at the other

side of the canal .!t two

women preented him from

doin$ so .y em.racin$ him"

As a res!lt of the str!$$le,

Alfredo dropped the $renade"

)here!pon Alfredo

immediately !mped into the

irri$ation canal to tae coer"

/he $renade then e3ploded"

#e neer saw his co-acc!sed


7/18

in the icinity nor did he hear

any $!nshots" After

witnessin$ these eents,

appellant waled away and

contin!ed irri$atin$ AreolaBsfarm"

At a.o!t 1@00 p"m", he had

l!nch in the ho!se of his in-

laws in icos, Ri%al, ;!ea

'cia and ret!rned to the farm

at 2@00 p"m" #e wored !ntil

5@00 p"m" and spent the ni$ht

in the ho!se of his in-laws"

/he ne3t mornin$, he went

home to illa 6araiso, Ri%al,

;!ea 'cia"

+ederico *atalan, appellantBs

nei$h.or and

a barangaycaptain, testified

that at aro!nd 11@00 a"m" onMarch 20, 1987, he went to

his farm which was a.o!t 100

meters away from 'd$ardo

AreolaBs farm" etween 12@00

noon and 12@40 p"m", he saw

appellant walin$ towards the

irri$ation canal and oined him

to $o there" At 1@00 p"m",

they .oth went home to eat

l!nch and later ret!rned to

contin!e irri$atin$ their farms

!p to 5@00 p"m" After wor,

they proceeded home to illa

6araiso" #e also testified that

the wife of appellant was his

niece" On cross-e3amination,

he declared that he heard a

$!nshot at aro!nd 1@00 p"m"

On Octo.er 1, 1998, the trial

co!rt fo!nd appellant $!ilty

.eyond reasona.le do!.t of

the crime of ro..ery with

homicide" /he dispositie

portion of the decision read@

)#'R'+OR', in

iew of thefore$oin$

consideration and

findin$ that the

acc!sed, +'L6'

L'6, is $!ilty of

the special

comple3 crime of

RO'RH )/##OM*&', he is

here.y sentenced

to s!ffer

imprisonment of

R'*L:O;

6'R6'/AG to

indemnify the

heirs of Mar!n

Roca, enita

AendaEo-Roca

and +e.e Roca

650,000"00 each

for their deathsG to

pay the s!m of


8/18

650,000"00 for

e3penses inc!rred

for the .!rial of

Mar!n Roca and

enita AedaEo-RocaG to pay the

s!m of 650,000"00

to 'milio Roca for

.!rial e3penses

inc!rredG and to

pay the heirs of

Mar!n Roca,

enita AendaEo-Roca and +e.e

Roca, 650,000"00

each .y way of

moral dama$esG to

pay Alfredo Roca

the s!m of

67,877"00 for the

45 caans

ofpalaytaen on

the occasion of the

ro..eryG and to

pay the cost of

this s!it" /A&a'

:O OR&'R'&" 3

/h!s, the instant appeal

.ased on the followin$

assi$nments of error@

/#' *OR/A

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9/18

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n the first assi$nment of

error, appellant alle$es that

the trial co!rt erred in

admittin$ as eidence the

testimonies of the prosec!tion

witnesses despite the fail!re

of the prosec!tion to mae a

formal offer thereof in

iolation of R!le 142, :ection

4 of the R!les of *o!rt@

:ec" 4" Offer of

EvidenceJ /he

*o!rt shall

consider noeidence which

has not .een

formally

offered" " " ""

*orollarily, :ection 45 of the

same R!le 142 states that@

:ec" 45" When tomake offer" J As

re$ards the

testimony of a

witness, the offer

m!st .e made at

the time the

witness is called to

testify"

/his formal offer of testimonial eidence is

necessary in order to ena.le

the co!rt to r!le intelli$ently

on any o.ections to the

F!estions ased" As a $eneral

r!le, the proponent m!st

show its releance, materiality

and competence" )here the

proponent offers eidence

deemed .y co!nsel of the

aderse party to .e

inadmissi.le for any reason,

the latter has the ri$ht to

o.ect" !t s!ch ri$ht can .e

waied" ;ecessarily, the

o.ection m!st .e made at

the earliest possi.le time lestsilence, when there is an

opport!nity to spea,

operates as a waier of the

o.ection" 5

/he records show that the

prosec!tion failed to formallyoffer the F!estioned

testimonies of witnesses

Alfredo Roca and ir$ilita

Roca-La!rea$a" #oweer,

appellant waied this
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10/18

proced!ral error .y failin$ to

mae a timely o.ection, i"e",

when the $ro!nd for o.ection

.ecame reasona.ly apparent

the moment said witnesseswere called to testify witho!t

any prior offer hain$ .een

made .y the proponent" #e

een impliedly acF!iesced to

the materiality, competence

and releance of the

prosec!tion witnessesB

testimonies .y cross-e3aminin$ them" :ince

appellant failed to raise .efore

the trial co!rt the iss!e of the

prosec!tionBs fail!re to

formally offer the testimonies

of its witnesses, an o.ection

on this score raised for the

first time on appeal will not .e

entertained"

/he second and third

assi$nments of error, .ein$

interrelated, shall .e

disc!ssed ointly"

Appellant assails the

testimonies of prosec!tion

witnesses, Alfredo and

ir$ilita, for .ein$

!n.eliea.le and contrary to

h!man nat!re" Accordin$ to

appellant, the nat!ral

tendency of a person .ein$

fired at is to tae coer" /h!s,

it was inconceia.le for

Alfredo to still attempt to tae

a loo at his assailants as he

was at ris of .ein$ shot andilled" esides, he co!ld not

hae witnessed the illin$ of

Mar!n if he himself was .ein$

attaced at the same time"

t is apparent that appellantBs

defense rests mainly on the

credi.ility of the prosec!tion

witnesses" t is settled,

howeer, that, when the iss!e

of credi.ility of a witness is

inoled, the appellate co!rts

will $enerally not dist!r. the

findin$s of the trial co!rt,

considerin$ that the latter was

in a .etter position to resole

the matter, hain$ heard thewitness and o.sered his

deportment d!rin$ trial,

!nless certain facts of al!e

were plainly i$nored, which if

considered mi$ht affect the

res!lt of the case" -

)e find the trial co!rtBs

eal!ation of the facts and its

concl!sions f!lly s!pported .y

the eidence" Alfredo and

ir$ilita were strai$htforward

and cate$orical in their

narration of how appellant


11/18

and his cohorts illed Mar!n,

+e.e and enita, and

thereafter too 45 caans

ofpalayfrom their farm"

&espite the $r!elin$ cross-e3amination, they neer

waered in their testimonies

re$ardin$ the details of the

crime"

)hat made their testimonies

een more credi.le was the

fact that .oth Alfredo and

ir$ilita had no ill-motie to

testify a$ainst appellant and

his co-acc!sed" t has .een

o!r consistent r!lin$ that a

witnessB testimony deseres

f!ll faith and credit where

there e3ists no eidence to

show any improper motie

why he sho!ld testify falselya$ainst the acc!sed, or why

he sho!ld implicate the

acc!sed in a serio!s

offense" +!rther, the

relationship of Alfredo and

ir$ilita to the ictims all the

more .olstered their

credi.ility as they nat!rallywanted the real c!lprits to .e

p!nished" t wo!ld .e

!nnat!ral for the relaties of

the ictims in search of !stice

to imp!te the crime to

innocent persons and not

those who were act!ally

responsi.le therefor"

Appellant also points o!t the$larin$ inconsistencies in the

testimonies of Alfredo and

ir$ilita" Appellant cites the

testimony of ir$ilita that the

assailants waited for a.o!t

fie min!tes after they

stopped firin$ at Mar!n

.efore they started shootin$

at her father Alfredo" /his,

accordin$ to appellant,

contradicted AlfredoBs

testimony that the

perpetrators started firin$ at

him immediately after Mar!n

was illed" Liewise, while

ir$ilita declared

that Ancheta threw the$renade .efore her father

!mped into the irri$ation

canal, Alfredo testified

that Ancheta threw the

$renade when he was already

in the canal" Appellant insists

that these inconsistencies

tainted the credi.ility of .othAlfredo and ir$ilita"

/he alle$ed discrepancies in

the testimonies of Alfredo and

ir$ilita referred only to minor

matters" /here was no


12/18

inconsistency as far as the

principal occ!rrence and the

positie identification of the

assailants were concerned"

oth Alfredo and ir$ilitapositiely identified

appellantBs $ro!p as the

persons who attaced and

ro..ed them" /he co!rt a

quocorrectly cited the case

of eople vs. !abros/where

we held that@

nconsistencies

amon$ witnesses

testifyin$ on the

same incident may

.e e3pected

.eca!se different

persons may hae

different

impressions orrecollections of the

same incident"

One may

remem.er a detail

more clearly than

another" )itnesses

may hae seen

that same detailfrom different

an$les or

iewpoints" /hat

same detail may

.e minimi%ed .y

one .!t considered

important .y

another"

;eertheless,

these disparitiesdo not necessarily

taint the

witnessesB

credi.ility as lon$

as their separate

ersions are

s!.stantially

similar or a$ree onthe material

points" /h!s,

altho!$h it may .e

conceded that

there are some

ariations in the

separate

testimonies " " ",

these do not, in

o!r iew, detract

from the inte$rity

of their

declarations" On

the contrary, they

represent a

.eliea.le

narration, mademore so precisely

.eca!se of their

imperfections, of

what act!ally

happened" " " "


13/18

Moreoer, the testimonies of

Alfredo and ir$ilita were

s!pported .y the medical

findin$s of &r" elsa" /he

presence of $!nshot wo!ndsin the .odies of the ictims

materially corro.orated the

prosec!tion witnessesB

testimonies that appellant and

his co-acc!sed repeatedly

fired their $!ns at their

hapless ictims"

Appellant also interposes the

defense of ali.i" /he time-

tested r!le is that ali.i cannot

preail oer the positie

assertions of prosec!tion

witnesses 9, more so in this

case where appellant failed to

proe that he was at another

place at the time of thecommission of the crime and

that it was physically

impossi.le for him to .e at

the crime scene" AppellantBs

claim that he was in 'd$ardo

AreolaBs farm from 10@40 a"m"

to 5@00 p"m" did not ne$ate

the possi.ility that he had$one to AlfredoBs farm

.etween 10@40 a"m" and 5@00

p"m" to commit the crime,

considerin$ the fact that

AreolaBs farm was !st .eside

AlfredoBs farm, the scene of

the crime"

t was, on the contrary,

appellantBs ali.i that wasconsidera.ly weaened .y the

maor inconsistencies .etween

his and +ederico *atalanBs

s!pposedly corro.oratin$

testimony" )hile appellant

testified that he did not hear

any $!nshot the entire day on

March 20, 1987, *atalan

contradicted this .y attestin$

that he heard a $!nshot at

a.o!t 1@00 p"m" Liewise,

appellant claimed that after

worin$ in the farm, he

proceeded to the ho!se of his

in-laws in icos and only went

home to illa 6araiso the ne3t

day" *atalan, on the otherhand, stated that after wor

that same day, they went

home to illa 6araiso to$ether"

Appellant also contends that

the prosec!tion failed to proe

the special comple3 crime of

ro..ery with homicide" #e

insists that there was no

showin$ that the perpetrators

illed the ictims in order to

steal thepalay"


14/18

/here is ro..ery with

homicide when there is a

direct relation or an intimate

connection .etween the

ro..ery and the illin$,whether the illin$ taes place

prior or s!.seF!ent to the

ro..ery or whether .oth

crimes are committed at the

same time" 10

ased on the facts

esta.lished, the *o!rt is

coninced that the

prosec!tion adeF!ately

proed the direct relation

.etween the ro..ery and the

illin$" mmediately after

shootin$ the ictims, the

assailants loaded the sacs

ofpalayonto the trailer of the

eep" As they did so, noconersation too place and

there was no hesitation on

their part, indicatin$ that they

were proceedin$ from a

common, preconceied plan"

n fact, why wo!ld they .rin$

a trailer if their only p!rpose

was to massacre the RocafamilyK /he series of oert

acts e3ec!ted .y appellant

and his companions, in their

totality, showed that their

intention was not only to ill

.!t to ro. as well" /he $ro!p

tried to ill all the mem.ers of

the Roca family to ens!re lac

of resistance to their plan to

tae AlfredoBspalay")heneer homicide is

perpetrated with the sole

p!rpose of remoin$

opposition to the ro..ery or

s!ppressin$ eidence thereof,

the crime committed is

ro..ery with homicide" 11

+!rther, in order to s!stain a

coniction for ro..ery with

homicide, ro..ery m!st .e

proen as concl!siely as the

illin$ itself" 1,A reiew of

the entire records of this case

leads !s to concl!de that

ro..ery was esta.lished

.eyond reasona.le do!.t" Aslon$ as the illin$ is

perpetrated as a conseF!ence

or on the occasion of the

ro..ery, the special comple3

crime of ro..ery with

homicide is committed"

Of the a$$raatin$

circ!mstances alle$ed in the

information, 13only

treachery and .and were

esta.lished"
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15/18

/here was treachery as the

eents narrated .y the

eyewitnesses pointed to the

fact that the ictims co!ld not

hae possi.ly .een aware thatthey wo!ld .e attaced .y

appellant and his companions"

/here was no opport!nity for

the ictims to defend

themseles as the assailants,

s!ddenly and witho!t

proocation, almost

sim!ltaneo!sly fired their$!ns at them" /he essence of

treachery is the s!dden and

!ne3pected attac witho!t the

sli$htest proocation on the

part of the person

attaced" 14

)e deem it necessary to

reiterate the principle laiddown .y the *o!rt en bancin

the case of eople vs. Escote"

Jr" 15on the iss!e of whether

treachery may .e appreciated

in ro..ery with homicide

which is classified as a crime

a$ainst property" /his *o!rt

held@

" " " CtDreachery is

a $eneric

a$$raatin$

circ!mstance to

ro..ery with

homicide altho!$h

said crime is

classified as a

crime a$ainst

property and asin$le and

indiisi.le

crime" " " "

333 333 333

#n fine" in the

application of

treachery as a

generic

aggravating

circumstance to

robbery $ith

homicide" the la$

looks at the

constituent crime

of homicide $hichis a crime against

persons and not at

the constituent

crime of robbery

$hich is a crime

against

property"%reacher

y is applied to the

constituent crime

of &homicide& and

not to the

constituent crime

of &robbery& of the

special comple'
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crime of robbery

$ith homicide"

%he crime of

robbery $ith

homicide does not

lose its

classification as a

crime against

property or as a

special comple'

and single and

indivisible crime

simply because

treachery is

appreciated as a

generic

aggravating

circumstance"%re

achery merelyincreases the

penalty for the

crime conformably

$ith Article () of

the *evised enal

+ode absent any

generic mitigating

circumstance"

333 333 333

n s!m then,

treachery is a

$eneric

a$$raatin$

circ!mstance in

ro..ery with

homicide when the

ictim of homicideis illed .y

treachery"

/he offense was also proen

to hae .een e3ec!ted .y a

.and" A crime is committed

.y a .and when at least fo!r

armed malefactors act

to$ether in the commission

thereof" n this case, all si3

acc!sed were armed with

$!ns which they !sed on their

ictims" *learly, all the armed

assailants, incl!din$

appellant, too direct part in

the e3ec!tion of the ro..ery

with homicide"

nder Article 29 C1D of the

Reised 6enal *ode, the crime

of ro..ery with homicide

carries the penalty

of reclusion perpetuato

death" nasm!ch as the crime

was committed on March 20,

1987 which was prior to the

effectiity of RA 759 on

&ecem.er 41, 1994, the

penalty of death cannot .e

imposed een if the

a$$raatin$ circ!mstances of


17/18

treachery and .and attended

its commission" Only the

sin$le indiisi.le penalty

of reclusion perpetuais

imposa.le on appellant"

)ith respect to dama$es, we

affirm the award of 650,000

as ciil indemnity each for the

death of Mar!n, +e.e and

enita Roca" n addition,

moral dama$es m!st .e

$ranted in the amo!nt of

650,000 for each of the

deceased ictims" /he amo!nt

of 67,875 is also d!e to

Alfredo Roca as reparation for

the 45 sacs ofpalaystolen

from him, each al!ed at

6225" /he heirs of the ictims

are liewise entitled to

e3emplary dama$es in thes!m of 620,000 for each of

the three ictims d!e to the

a$$raatin$ circ!mstances

that attended the commission

of the crime" #oweer, the

award of .!rial e3penses

cannot .e s!stained .eca!se

no receipts were presented tos!.stantiate the same"

;onetheless, the ictimsB heirs

are entitled to the s!m of

625,000 as temperate

dama$es in lie! of act!al

dama$es, p!rs!ant to the

case

of eople vs. Abra,aldo" 1-

)#'R'+OR', the decision ofthe Re$ional /rial *o!rt of

*a.anat!an *ity, ranch 40,

conictin$ appellant +elipe

(oy( lep of the crime of

ro..ery with homicide and

sentencin$ him to s!ffer the

penalty of reclusion

perpetuais here.y A++RM'&

with MO&+*A/O;"

Appellant is also ordered to

pay the heirs of the ictims@

C1D 650,000 as ciil indemnity

for each of the three ictimsG

C2D 650,000 as moral

dama$es for each of the three

ictimsG C4D 67,875 as

reparation for the 45 stolensacs ofpalayG CD 620,000 as

e3emplary dama$es for each

of the three ictims and C5D

625,000 as temperate

dama$es" A*'/&

:O OR&'R'&"

-itug" andoval/0utierre,and +arpio 1orales"

JJ ""conc!r"


18/18

Footnotes

1"6enned .y >!d$e +ederico" +aardo, >r", *ollo,

pp" 9120"

2"*ollo, p" 1"

4"*ollo, p" 120"

"AppellantBs rief, pp" 12"

5"+atuira vs. +ourt of

Appeals, 24 :*RA 498

people vs. ancheta

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