percentage of chonps in living things ccarbon18.5% h hydrogen9.56% ooxygen65.0% nnitrogen3.3%...

Percentage of CHONPS in living things

• C Carbon 18.5%• H Hydrogen 9.56%• O Oxygen 65.0%• N Nitrogen 3.3%• P Phosphorus 1.0%• S Sulfur Trace

• Other trace 3.0% (Copper, magnesium, etc)

• CHONPS molecules make– Carbohydrates (CHO) 1:2:1– Protein (SONCH)– Lipids (fat) (CH with a few O)– Nucleic Acids DNA (SPONCH)

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

• CHONPS molecules make– Carbohydrates (CHO) 1:2:1– Protein (CHONS)– Lipids (fat) (CH with a few O)– Nucleic Acids DNA (SPONCH)


• CHONPS molecules make– Carbohydrates (CHO) 1:2:1– Protein (CHONS)– Lipids (fat) (CH with a few O)– Nucleic Acids DNA (CHONPS)


Carbohydrates (sugars) CHO


• 1:2:1 ratio for carbon, hydrogen, oxygen.


• Common sugars tend to end in “ose” Ex –glucose.


• MONOSACCHARIDES:– Simple Sugars: Broken down quickly.


Triose: 3C

Pentose: 5C

Hexose: 6C

GLUCOSE FRUCTOSE GALACTOSE(aldehyde) (ketone) (aldehyde)

**USES OF EACH??

• DISACCHARIDE – two sugars (double sugars)– Lactose, Sucrose, Maltose


Dehydration Synthesis

• Condensation Reaction

• Monomers link to form a polymer; water is removed.

Types of sugars

• Sucrose = Glucose + Fructose

• Lactose = Glucose + Galactose

• Maltose = Glucose + Glucose


Types of sugars

• Sucrose = Glucose + Fructose

• Lactose = Glucose + Galactose

• Maltose = Glucose + Glucose


**Where is each disaccharide seen?

What is the molecular formula of a disaccharide…such as sucrose?

• Sucrose = Glucose + Fructose C6H12O6 + C6H12O6

• So… C12H24O12?? • WHY NOT??

Glycosidic linkage?

*Rings are formed in aqueous solutions

Hydrolysis

• A polymer splits to form two monomers when water is added

• POLYSACCHARIDES: Many sugars linked together.– Complex Sugars.


2 main functions of polys:

• 1. Storage: to provide sugar for cells• 2. Protection: structural

• Starch is a complex sugar – (longer lasting energy)


• Glycogen: The storage form of glucose, comes from starch in plants.


• Chitin – Insect exoskeleton

LIPIDS

What do you know?

• Hydrophilic or hydrophobic?• Made up of polymers or no?• Consist mostly of repeated…..• Functions– 1.– 2.– 3.

Fats: fatty acid + glycerol

Non-polar HC tail-hydrophobic

1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids-triglyceride

HC chains can vary-usually 16-18

Carboxyl “head”-fatty “acid”

HC “tail”

Saturated and Unsaturated

Double bonds?Straight vs bent?Animal vs plant?Solid vs liquid?

Steroids

# fused rings?Examples??

Phospholipids

Function?# of fatty acids

Head?Tail?

Micelle

Nucleic Acids

• CHONPS molecules make– Carbohydrates (CHO) 1:2:1– Protein (CHONS)– Lipids (fat) (CH with a few O)– Nucleic Acids DNA (CHONPS)


Monomers

Families of Bases

So…

• Function?• Monomer?• 3 parts of monomer?• Families of bases?• Complementary Base Pairing?• Phosphodiester and hydrogen bonding?• DNA vs RNA?

Proteins

MovementTransport

Signaling

Defense

Structuralsupport Storage

Structure

Nonpolar

Alanine

Charged

Polypeptide Bond

Levels of structure

• Primary

Levels of Structure

• Secondary

Levels of Structure

• Tertiary

Levels of Structure

• Quartenary

Denaturation

• What causes the proteins to form like they do?• What happens if the environment changes?

percentage of chonps in living things ccarbon18.5% h hydrogen9.56% ooxygen65.0% nnitrogen3.3%...

Documents

murphy slide

glucose glucose copyright

c slide

maltose copyright

glucose galactose maltose

glucose fructose lactose

ose ex glucose

sugars double sugars