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Organizational Behavior / Perception 1

Sun Rises in the East and Sets

in the West

Is this a fact??

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WE DONT SEE THINGS AS THEY

ARE, WE SEE THINGS AS WE ARE.

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Organizational Behavior / Perception 3

PERCEPTION

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Organizational Behavior / Perception 4

What is Perception?

It is the process of

selection and

organization of

environmental stimuliand interpreting them

to provide meaningful

experiences for the

perceiver

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Organizational Behavior / Perception 5

Components of Perception

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Organizational Behavior / Perception 6

The Perceptual Process

1. Sensation

An individuals ability to

detect stimuli in the

immediate environment.

2. Selection

The process a person

uses to eliminate some of

the stimuli that have been

sensed and to retainothers for further

processing.

3. Organization

The process of placing

selected perceptual

stimuli into a frameworkforstorage.

4. Translation

The stage of the

perceptual process at

which stimuli areinterpreted and given

meaning.

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Organizational Behavior / Perception 7

Receiving Stimuli

(External & Internal)

Selecting Stimuli

External factors : Nature,Location, Size, contrast,

Movement, repetition, similarity

Internal factors : Learning,needs, age, Interest,

OrganizingFigure Background ,

Perceptual Grouping

( similarity, proximity,

closure, continuity)

Response

Covert:Attitudes ,

Motivation,

Feeling

Overt: Behavior

Stages in Perception

Interpreting

Attribution ,Stereotyping,

Halo Effect, Projection

Receiving Stimuli

(External & Internal)

Selecting Stimuli

External factors : Nature,Location, Size, contrast,

Movement, repetition, similarity

Internal factors : Learning,needs, age, Interest,

Receiving Stimuli

(External & Internal)

Selecting Stimuli

External factors : Nature,Location, Size, contrast,

Movement, repetition, similarity

Internal factors : Learning,needs, age, Interest,

Receiving Stimuli

(External & Internal)

Receiving Stimuli

(External & Internal)

Selecting Stimuli

External factors : Nature,Location, Size, contrast,

Movement, repetition, similarity

Internal factors : Learning,needs, age, Interest,

Receiving Stimuli

(External & Internal)

Interpreting

Attribution ,Stereotyping,

Halo Effect, Projection

Selecting Stimuli

External factors : Nature,Location, Size, contrast,

Movement, repetition, similarity

Internal factors : Learning,needs, age, Interest,

Receiving Stimuli

(External & Internal)

Interpreting

Attribution ,Stereotyping,

Halo Effect, Projection

Selecting Stimuli

External factors : Nature,Location, Size, contrast,

Movement, repetition, similarity

Internal factors : Learning,needs, age, Interest,

Receiving Stimuli

(External & Internal)

OrganizingFigure Background ,

Perceptual Grouping

( similarity, proximity,

closure, continuity)

Interpreting

Attribution ,Stereotyping,

Halo Effect, Projection

Selecting Stimuli

External factors : Nature,Location, Size, contrast,

Movement, repetition, similarity

Internal factors : Learning,needs, age, Interest,

Receiving Stimuli

(External & Internal)

OrganizingFigure Background ,

Perceptual Grouping

( similarity, proximity,

closure, continuity)

Interpreting

Attribution ,Stereotyping,

Halo Effect, Projection

Selecting Stimuli

External factors : Nature,Location, Size, contrast,

Movement, repetition, similarity

Internal factors : Learning,needs, age, Interest,

Receiving Stimuli

(External & Internal)

OrganizingFigure Background ,

Perceptual Grouping

( similarity, proximity,

closure, continuity)

Interpreting

Attribution ,Stereotyping,

Halo Effect, Projection

Selecting Stimuli

External factors : Nature,Location, Size, contrast,

Movement, repetition, similarity

Internal factors : Learning,needs, age, Interest,

Receiving Stimuli

(External & Internal)

OrganizingFigure Background ,

Perceptual Grouping

( similarity, proximity,

closure, continuity)

Interpreting

Attribution ,Stereotyping,

Halo Effect, Projection

Selecting Stimuli

External factors : Nature,Location, Size, contrast,

Movement, repetition, similarity

Internal factors : Learning,needs, age, Interest,

Receiving Stimuli

(External & Internal)

ResponseCovert:Attitudes ,

Motivation,

Feelings

Overt: Behavior,

Action

OrganizingFigure Background ,

Perceptual Grouping

( similarity, proximity,

closure, continuity)

Interpreting

Attribution ,Stereotyping,

Halo Effect, Projection

Selecting Stimuli

External factors : Nature,Location, Size, contrast,

Movement, repetition, similarity

Internal factors : Learning,needs, age, Interest,

Receiving Stimuli

(External & Internal)

Interpreting

Attribution ,Stereotyping,

Halo Effect, Projection

Selecting Stimuli

External factors : Nature,Location, Size, contrast,

Movement, repetition, similarity

Internal factors : Learning,needs, age, Interest,

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Organizational Behavior / Perception 8

Why should Managers study Perception

Employment

interview

Performance

evaluation Employee efforts

Employee loyalty

Perception

Mapping

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Organizational Behavior / Perception 9

Factors influencing perception

A number of factors operate to

shape and sometimes distort

perception. These factors can

reside in the perceiver, in the

object ortargetbeing

perceived or in the context of

the situation in which the

perception is made.

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Organizational Behavior / Perception 10

Factors in the perceiver

Attitudes

Motives

Interests

Experience

Expectations

Perception

Factors in the Target

Novelty

Motion

Sounds

Size

Background

Proximity

Similarity

Factors in the situation

Time

Work Setting

Social Setting

Factors influencing Perception

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Organizational Behavior / Perception 11

Perceptual organization

It is the process by whichwe group outside stimuliinto recognizable and

identifiable patterns andwhole objects.

Ex-Object with wood,4legs, a seat, a back andarmrests is CHAIR

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Organizational Behavior / Perception 12

Understanding perceptual organizationFactors for grouping

Continuity

Closure

Proximity

Similarity

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Organizational Behavior / Perception 13

Perceptual Interpretation

Mis-interpretations

could lead errors

Judgmental Errors

Similarity Errors Contrast Errors

Perceptual Errors

Perceptual defense

Halo effect

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Organizational Behavior / Perception 14

Attribution Process

Internal Attribution

Perception that outcomes

are due to

motivation/ability rather

than situation or fate

External Attribution

Perception that outcomes

are due to situation orfate rather than the

person

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Organizational Behavior / Perception 15

Kelleys Model of AttributionKelleys Model of Attribution

Consistency

Distinctiveness

Consensus

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Organizational Behavior / Perception 16

Consistency

TimeTime TimeTime

LowLow HighHigh

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Organizational Behavior / Perception 17

Distinctiveness

TasksTasksA B C D E

TasksTasksA B C D E

LowLow HighHigh

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Organizational Behavior / Perception 18

Consensus

PeoplePeople

A B C D E

PeoplePeople

A B C D E

LowLow HighHigh

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Organizational Behavior / Perception 19