perception1.pptx

7/27/2019 PERCEPTION1.pptx

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A study about perception in Organizational Behavior.

by

Muneef Akothan


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Perception is a process by which individuals

organize and interpret their sensory

impressions in order to give meaning to their

environment.

However, what we perceive can be

substantially different from objective reality.


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Because peoples behavior is based on their

perception of what reality is, not on reality

itself.

The world as it is perceived is the worldthat is behaviorally important.


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Nature of perceiver

Situation Target or object being perceived


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Perception

Factors in the perceiver

Attitude

Motives

Interests

Experience

Expectations

Factors in the target

Novelty

Motion

Sounds

Size

Background

Proximity

Similarity

Factors in the situation

TimeWork setting

Social setting


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Attribution theory tries to explain the ways inwhich we judge people differently , dependingon the meaning we attribute to a given behavior.It suggests that when we observe an individualsbehavior , we attempt to determine whether itwas internally or externally caused.

Internally caused behaviors are those webelieve to be under the personal control of theindividual.

Externally caused behavior is what we imagine

the situation forced the individuals to do.


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Distinctiveness consistency of a persons

behavior across situations.Consensus likelihood of others

responding in a similar way.

Consistency whether an individual

responds the same way across time.


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Individual behavior

Distinctiveness

External

Internal

Consensus

Internal

External

Consistency

Internal

External


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Selective perceptionHalo effects

Contrast effects

Stereotypes or prototypesProjection


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The tendency to single out those aspects

of a situation, person, or object that areconsistent with ones needs, values, or

attitudes.

Perception checking with other persons

can help counter the adverse impact of

selective perception.


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Occur when one attribute of a person or

situation is used to develop an overall

impression of the individual or situation.

Likely to occur in the organization stage.

Important in the performance appraisal

process.


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Occur when an individual is compared to

other people on the same characteristics

on which the others rank higher or lower.


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Combines information based on the

category or class to which a person,situation, or object belongs.

Strong impact at the organization stage.


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The assignment of ones personal

attributes to other individuals.

Especially likely to occur in

interpretation stage.

Projection can be controlled through ahigh degree of self-awareness and

empathy.


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Employment Interview

Performance Expectations

Performance Evaluation


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Impression management

A persons systematic attempt to behave in

ways that create and maintain desired

impressions in others eyes.

Distortion management.

Managers should:

Balance automatic and controlled information

processing at the attention and selection stage.


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Be self-aware.

Seek a wide range of differing information. Try to see a situation as others would.

Be aware of different kinds of schemas.

Be aware of perceptual distortions.

Be aware of self and impression management.

Be aware of attribution theory implications.


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perception1.pptx

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