Perfect and Pluperfect Subjunctive

PerfectPerfect Active Stem + -erī + personal endingslaudāverīs, monuerīs, ēgerīs, audīverīs

PluperfectPerfect Active Stem + -issē + personal endingslaudāvissēs, monuissēs, ēgissēs, audīvissēs

Perfect Subjunctive ActivePerfect Subjunctive Active

audīverintaudīverintēgerintēgerintmonuerintmonuerintlaudāverilaudāverintnt

audīverītiaudīverītiss

ēgerītisēgerītismonuerītimonuerītiss

laudāverītlaudāverītisis

audīverīmaudīverīmusus

ēgerīmusēgerīmusmonuerīmmonuerīmusus

laudāverīlaudāverīmusmus

audīveritaudīveritēgeritēgeritmonueritmonueritlaudāveritlaudāverit

audīverīsaudīverīsēgerīsēgerīsmonuerīsmonuerīslaudāverīslaudāverīs

audīverimaudīverimēgerimēgerimmonuerimmonuerimlaudāverilaudāverimm

Pluperfect Subjunctive ActivePluperfect Subjunctive Active

audīvissenaudīvissentt

ēgissentēgissentmonuissenmonuissentt

laudāvisselaudāvissentnt

audīvissētiaudīvissētiss

ēgissētisēgissētismonuissētimonuissētiss

laudāvissēlaudāvissētistis

audīvissēaudīvissēmusmus

ēgissēmusēgissēmusmonuissēmonuissēmusmus

laudāvissēlaudāvissēmusmus

audīvissetaudīvissetēgissetēgissetmonuissetmonuissetlaudāvisselaudāvissett

audīvissēsaudīvissēsēgissēsēgissēsmonuissēsmonuissēslaudāvissēlaudāvissēss

audīvisseaudīvissemm

ēgissemēgissemmonuissemonuissemm

laudāvisselaudāvissemm

Perfect and Pluperfect Subjunctive Passive

Perfect Passive Perfect Passive Participle + Present Subjunctive Active of sumlaudātus sim, monitus sim, etc.

Pluperfect PassivePerfect Passive Participle + Imperfect Subjunctive Active of sum laudātus essem, monitus essem

Perfect Subjunctive PassivePerfect Subjunctive Passive

audītī sintaudītī sintactī sintactī sintmonitī monitī sintsint

laudātī laudātī sintsint

audītī audītī sītissītis

actī sītisactī sītismonitī monitī sītissītis

laudātī laudātī sītissītis

audītī audītī sīmussīmus

actī sīmusactī sīmusmonitī monitī sīmussīmus

laudātī laudātī sīmussīmus

audītus audītus sitsit

actus sitactus sitmonitus monitus sitsit

laudātus laudātus sitsit

audītus audītus sīssīs

actus sīsactus sīsmonitus monitus sīssīs

laudātus laudātus sīssīs

audītus audītus simsim

actus simactus simmonitus monitus simsim

laudātus laudātus simsim

Pluperfect Subjunctive PassivePluperfect Subjunctive Passive

audītī audītī essentessent

actī actī essentessent

monitī monitī essentessent

laudātī laudātī essentessent

audītī audītī essētisessētis

actī actī essētisessētis

monitī monitī essētisessētis

laudātī laudātī essētisessētis

audītī audītī essēmusessēmus

actī actī essēmusessēmus

monitī monitī essēmusessēmus

laudātī laudātī essēmusessēmus

audītus audītus essetesset

actus actus essetesset

monitus monitus essetesset

laudātus laudātus essetesset

audītus audītus essēsessēs

actus actus essēsessēs

monitus monitus essēsessēs

laudātus laudātus essēsessēs

audītus audītus essemessem

actus actus essemessem

monitus monitus essemessem

laudātus laudātus essemessem

Hooray!!! You’ve

learned all the Latin

verb forms!

Hooray!!! You’ve

learned all the Latin

verb forms!

Translation of the Perfect and Pluperfect Subjunctive

(for purpose clauses)

=

=

=

=

pluperfect subjunctive

perfect subjunctive

imperfect subjunctive

present subjunctive

“might have”

“may have”

“might”

“may”

Indirect Questions

Interrogative word

Indicative verb of the head

verb of speech, mental activity or sense perception

+

accusative and infinitive

+

+ Subjunctive

Indirect Statement:

Indirect Question:

Interrogative words

when?quandō, interrogative adverb

why?cūr, interrogative adverb

how?, how much?quam, interrogative adverb

which?, what?quī, quae, quod, interrogative adjective

who?, which?, what?

quis, quid, interrogative pronoun

Interrogative words

whether… or?utrum… an, interrogative adjective whether? (attaches

to first word)-ne, interrogative suffix

which (of two)?uter, interrogative adjective

from where?, whence?

unde, interrogative adverb

where?ubi, interrogative adverb

Indirect Questions

Rogat quid Julia faciat.She asks what Julia is doing (right now).

Rogat quid Julia fēcerit.She asks what Julia has done.

Rogat quid Julia factūra sit.She asks what Julia will do. (is about to do)

future active periphrasticfuture active periphrastic

Future active periphrastic:future active participle + present/imperfect

subj. of sum

Future active periphrastic:future active participle + present/imperfect form

of sum

The future active periphrastic with a subjunctive form of sum is used to show action happening in the future in dependent clauses. This is form is needed because there is no future subjunctive.

Primary Tenses

future perfect

perfect (time prior to main verb)

perfect (has_ed/have_ed)

future

present (contemporary time/time after main verb) 

present

Primary

Subordinate Subj.

Main verbSequence

Secondary Tenses

Subordinate Subj.Main verbSequence

pluperfect

 pluperfect (time before main verb)

perfect (___ed/did__)

imperfect (contemporary time/time after main verb) 

imperfect

Secondary/ Historical

Primary Tenses

videō quid faciās I see what you are doing

vidēbō quid faciās I shall see what you are doing

vīderō quid faciās I shall have seen what you are doing

vīdī quid faciās I have seen what you are doing.

Primary Tenses

videō quid fēcerīs I see what you have done.

vidēbō quid fēcerīs I shall see what you have done.

vīderō quid fēcerīs I shall have seen what you have done.

vīdī quid fēcerīs I have seen what you have done.

Secondary Tenses

vidēbam quid facerēs I saw what you were doing.

vīdī quid facerēs I saw what you were doing.

vīderam quid facerēs I had seen what you were doing.