performance of membrane separation process over adsorption process
TRANSCRIPT
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Commonly removed by chemical precipitation, ion exchange, reverse osmosis and charcoal adsorption.
Treatment methods differ depending on the conditions of the process and properties of wastewater.
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Lab grade activated carbon (300 mesh) was used as adsorbent.
All the solutions (1-10 ppm) were prepared using the reagent-grade K2Cr2O7 and distilled water.
Adsorption was done from 100 ml K2Cr2O7 solution using various amount of adsorbent in a well stirred vessel for a specific time period.
The chromium content in the fluid phase was determined by UV absorption spectrophotometer.
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Conc. of Cr
Amount of adsorbent (gm)
Time for optimum adsorption
Maximum Cr removal percentage
1 ppm 0.5 gm 0.75 gm 1.0 gm
60 min15 min 20 min
89.46 %91.76 %93.05 %
2 ppm 0.5 gm0.75 gm 1.0 gm
25 min 15 min10 min
88.05 %90.42 %93.16 %
5 ppm 0.5 gm 0.75 gm1.0 gm
5 min5 min10 min
87.68 %90.27 %94.49 %
5 ppm(Regenerated Charcoal) 1.0 gm
10 min 65.06 %
Percentage removal of chromium from solutions of different Concentration using various amount of activated charcoal
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With the increase of adsorbent amount from per 100 ml solution , the percentage removal of chromium increases from 86% to 94 % .
As the surface area of the adsorbent increases with the increase of adsorbent resulting higher percentage of solute removal.
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Figure 1. Effect of adsorbent amount and contact time on percentage removal of Cr from 1 ppm solution
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89 % adsorption was achieved using 0.5gm /100 ml 1 ppm solution.
Removal percentage increased up to 93% within very short contact time (20min ) when amount of adsorbent doubled .
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Figure 2. Effect of adsorbent amount and contact time on percentage removal of Cr from 5 ppm solution
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87 % adsorption was achieved using 0.5gm /100 ml 5 ppm solution.
94 % adsorption was achieved only within 10 min when the amount of adsorbent doubled.
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Figure 3. Effect of solute concentration and contact time on percentage removal of Cr from various solution (using 1 gm adsorbent)
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Removal of Cr percentage from 5 ppm is comparatively higher than 1ppm solution.
Removal tendency decreases after attaining an optimum adsorption, which is quite natural for de-sorption after a certain amount of adsorption.
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Membrane Separation Process
Figure 4. Experimental set up for UF/RO membrane unit.
Separation of Cr has been done using specified UF and RO unit
Results of UF are not significant but RO is quite satisfactory.
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Figure 5. Variation of permeate flow with trans-membrane pressure drop.
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Permeate flow rate increased from 7.6 to 9.0 LPM with the increase of trans-membrane pressure drop from 12 psi to 15 psi.
Removal percentage of Cr increased from 82 % to 98.5 % with the increase of trans-membrane pressure drop.
Rejection percentage may be increased by maintaining proper trans-membrane pressure drop.
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