Thesis ProposalAli Kaplan

alikapla@cs.indiana.edu

OutlineMotivationRequirements for Scientific Data TransferRelated WorksOur Proposal: GridTorrent FrameworkTest ResultsSummaryQuestions

Motivation• Computational science is changing to be data

intensive• Scientists are faced with mountains of data

that stem from four sources[1]:1. New scientific instruments double their

output every year or so2. Simulations generates flood of data3. The Internet and computational Grid allow

the replication, creation, and recreation of more data[2]

Motivation (cont.)

Scientific discovery increasingly driven by data collection[3] Computationally intensive analysesMassive data collectionsData distributed across networks of varying

capabilityInternationally distributed collaborations

Data Intensive Science: 2000-2015 Dominant factor: data growth (1 Petabyte = 1000 TB)

2000 ~0.5 Petabyte 2005 ~10 Petabytes 2010 ~100 Petabytes 2015 ~1000 Petabytes?

Motivation (cont.)

Scientific applications generates petabytes of data are very diverse.

– Fusion power– Climate modeling – Earthquake engineering– Astronomy– Bioinformatics– High-energy physics

Motivation (cont.)

Some examples[]Climate modeling

Community Climate System Model and other simulation applications generates 1.5 petabytes/year

Bioinformatics The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is building

new Confocal microscopes which will be generating 5 petabytes/year

High-energy physics The large hadron collider (LHC) project at CERN will

create 15 petabytes/year

Motivation ConclusionScientific community has large set of

distributed dataScientists want to analyze or work together

on the same data are geographically dispersed

Requirements for Scientific Data TransferTransferring scientific

data over large-scale requiresefficient high-performancereliablesecurepolicy-aware

managementbalanced system

CPU farms storage network

Is it a new problem?The answer is no.There are attempts to meet the above

requirements asGridFTPGridFTPXIOGridHTTPTeraGrid Copy (TGCP)The Replica Location Service (RLS)gLite

GridFTPExtension of the standard FTP protocolReliable, secure high performance EfficientThe de facto standard for transferring data in

many Grid projectsHowever, GridFTP does not offer a web

service interface.

GridFTP (cont.)Additional features supported by the

GridFTP protocolGrid Security Infrastructures (GSI) and Kerberos

supportSupport for reliable and restartable data

transfer: restart transfers from point of failure when failures occurred

Partial file transfer: regions of a file transfer.Parallel data transfer: multiple TCP streams

between two network endpoints to improve bandwidth.

Third-party control of data transfer: the ability to control transfers between storage servers from remote (third-party) server.

GridHTTPAllow large (gigabyte) files to be transferred at

optimal speeds using HTTPDoes not deviate from existing HTTP

standards, But describes how to use existing headers and

methods to produce an encrypted data stream.Support bulk data transfers via unencrypted

HTTP, Support authentication and authorization with

the usual grid credentials over HTTP.

GridFTPXIO The Globus eXtensible Input/Output (XIO)

System provides an abstraction layer to transport

protocols. enables different I/O problems to be presented

uniformly as a simple open/close/read/write (OCRW) interface.

a support framework for developing communication protocols.

an interface that enables an existing application written with XIO to access their hardware.

primary usage scenarios Independence from the Transport Control

Protocol Ease of Adding GridFTP Support to Third-Party

Applications Ease of Providing GridFTP Access to Data

Storage

TeraGrid Copy (TGCP)TeraGrid Copy (TGCP)

solution includes three main components: GridFTP Service RFT ServiceTGCP shell script

In the striped configuration,GridFTP service runs on

several nodes of a clusterthe data to be transferred is

partitioned among the nodeseach node may use several

parallel streams to attain the maximum performance

TGCP (cont.)The tgcp script can

use the globus-url-copy tool(A) in either third-

party transfer mode (B) in conventional

GridFTP client mode

TGCP (cont.)RFT Service will be used

to manage the transfer. adds additional

reliability to the transfer request

transfer will be completed, if failure occurred during the transfer.

The Replica Location Service (RLS)provides a framework for tracking the physical

locations of data that has been replicated. maps logical names to physical names. Replication of data items can reduce access latency, improve data locality, increase robustness, scalability and performance

for distributed applications. does not operate in isolation, used with other components like the Reliable File

Transfer service, GridFTP, the Metadata Catalog Service, and etc.

RLS (cont.)The current RLS implementation has the

following features. Local Replica Catalogs (LRCs) Replica Location Indices (RLIs) LRCs send information about their state to

RLIs using soft state protocols. Optional "Bloom Filter" compression can be

used to summarize the contents of the LRC. The current RLS implementation maintains

static information about the LRCs and RLIs participating in the distributed system.

So, if there are solutions….There is no pure P2P data transfer

mechanism used in this area.There are several different protocols

Each one has advantages and disadvantages over others

Our proposal: GridTorrent FrameworkWe are proposing a new distributed file peer-

to-peer protocol in scientific data in an acceptable speed

Similar to (GridFTP) redefining of Bittorrent protocol to adjust it using in scientific data transfer

There are many studies show that Bittorrent can be used for scientific applications

Why we need GridTorrent Framework?Requirements and characteristics of scientific

data transfer1. Large and voluminous data set2. Security3. Reliability4. Efficiency5. Scalability6. User-friendly environment7. Balanced8. Collaboration

Why we need GridTorrent Framework? (cont.)GridTorrent has faster download speed

1. Large and voluminous data set7. Balanced

GridTorrent allows to share bandwidths between peers

4. EfficiencyGridTorrent is based on Bittorrent

3. Reliability5. Scalability

Why we need GridTorrent Framework? (cont.)GridTorrent has security manager

2. SecurityGridTorrent has content management

framework6. User-friendly environment8. Collaboration

Why Bittorrent?Alternative Peer to Peer Protocols

FastTrackGnutellaeDonkeyDirect ConnectAres

Why BitTorrent?Better bandwidth utilizationNever before speeds.Limit free riding – tit-for-tatLimit leech attack – coupling upload & downloadSpurious files not propagatedAbility to resume a download

Why Bittorrent? (cont.)Bittorrent proved that it is suitable for

distributing very large files.There are many companies using Bittorrent

as distributing protocolAmazon S3Microsoft’s Avalanche (inspired by Bittorrent)Blizzard (Game production company)Movie studios

Advantages of GridTorrent FrameworkSaves resources by taking advantage of the

unused upload capacity of downloaders.CPUNetwork BandwidthDisk

ReliableJobs can be started and stopped using web

interfaceCan be deployed under any systemSecure

GridTorrent Framework Components

GridTorrent Framework Components (cont.)GridTorrent Framework has three major

components:GridTorrent ClientGridTorrent Content ManagerGridTorrent WS-Tracker

GridTorrent ClientIt has four components

Torrent Data Sharing Algorithm

Task ManagerWS-Tracker ClientData Transfer layerSecurity Manager

GridTorrent Content ManagerFour main components:

Task ManagerACL ManagerContent ManagerCollaboration Manager

GridTorrent WS-TrackerIt functions as regular Bittorrent Tracker

Send source and peer list to peersUpdate their status

It sends tasks list obtained from GridTorrent Content Manager

All communications are secure (SSL)It is a webservice

GridTorrent Content ManagerIt allows content owner to publish content in

different access level.Public levelUser levelGroup level

It allows user to create a group and manage it and its member with upload, download access rights.

Initial Test Results File size (MB) : 300 MB Number of Streams/Sources: 4 Source machines: gridfarm (Bloomington, IN)

LAN test: Iperf bandwith (Mbps): 857 Client machine: complexity (Indianapolis, IN)

WAN test: Iperf bandwith (Mbps): 30.2 Client machine: vlab2 (Tallahassee, FL)

Initial Test Results (cont.)

Table 1: Download speed of PTCP vs. GridTorrent with 4 streams/sources

Table 2: GridTorrent bandwidth load balancing on downloaded file segment with 4 streams/sources

  Download Speed (Mbps)

 PTCP

GridTorrent

(1 stream)

GridTorrent (4 streams)

LAN Test 80 90 95

WAN Test 42 49 102

 Bandwidth usage (Downloaded MB from each source)

 Source1 Source2 Source3 Source4

LAN Test 44 53 47 42

WAN Test 52 45 43 48

Initial Test Results (cont.)

Research IssuesCurrent Bittorrent protocol is designed for actual

network environmentModifications needed to provide pure scientific

data transfermodification on message format and frequencyUDP GridFTP

Requirements needed to provide pure scientific data transferSecurityContent access managementSearching capability

Questions?

References1. Petascale computational systems, Bell, G.; Gray, J.;

Szalay, A. Computer Volume 39, Issue 1, Jan. 2006 Page(s): 110 – 112

2. Getting Up To Speed, The Future of Supercomputing, Graham, S.L. Snir, M., Patterson, C.A., (eds), NAE Press, 2004, ISBN 0-309-09502-6

3. Overview of Grid Computing, Ian Foster, http://www-fp.mcs.anl.gov/~foster/Talks/ResearchLibraryGroupGridsApril2002.ppt, last seen 2007

4. Science-Driven Network Requirements for Esnet, http:// www.es.net/ESnet4/Case-Study-Requirements-Update-With-Exec-Sum-v5.doc, last seen 2007