Performance Testing of Solid-State Lighting Products

March 26, 2009

Todd Straka

Director - Lighting Services

Discussion Points for Today’s Webinar

• Key Standards Development Criteria and Standards Development Activities

• Considerations to Undertake When Developing Your Product’s Performance Test Plan

• Specific Types of Performance Testing Available to Best Meet the Demands of the Marketplace.

• The Benefits that Performance Testing Can Provide to Both the Industry and the Manufacturer.

Green Expectations for Solid-State Lighting

Solid-State Lighting continues to evolve with certain expectations:

• Greatly increased lifetime under normal operation.– Longer Lifetime = Lower Maintenance Costs $$$

• Uses a fraction of the power as compared to traditional light sources.

– Greater Energy-Efficiency = Lower Energy Costs $$$

• Lowers environmental impacts (Less Mercury)– Greater Energy-Efficiency = Lower CO2 Emissions

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SSL Product Expansion

The adoption of Solid-State Lighting has primarily been limited to the transportation industry.

• Automotive Lighting• Airport Lighting• Aircraft Lighting• Marine Lighting• Traffic Signals• Warning Lights for Emergency

Vehicles

SSL Product Expansion

While progress is being made, wide- spread adoption of Solid-State Lighting has not yet occurred for the following products:

• Residential Lighting• Commercial Lighting• Outdoor Street & Area Lighting

The opportunity is TREMENDOUS….

Strategies Unlimited believes the LED Lighting Market will grow by 28% annually through 2012.

What Held SSL Products Back?

• Initially, the lack of industry-accepted LED measurement techniques allowed for the presentation of inconsistent data to the marketplace and consumers.– Marketing claims did not always live up to

expectations.– Some consumers felt “misled.”

• Key issues that lead to inconsistent data:– LED “Warmup” or “Stabilization” Time – Lack of Photometry Test Methods for LED

Products– Lack of Lumen Maintenance and Life Test

Protocols to substantiate manufacturer claims.

Key Standards Development Criteria

• Energy –Efficiency– Needed to “measure up” to current Fluorescent

Technology

• Photometry & Color– Different lighting applications require different

Light Output Distributions & Color Temperatures

• Thermal Management of LED’s– Performance degradation (light output & lumen

maintenance) and reliability issues resulting from heat effects.

• Lumen Maintenance & Life– How quickly do lumens depreciate over time– Establish life test parameters to get a better

handle on longevity.

Key Standards Development Drivers

• DOE’s CALiPER Program(Commercially Available LED Product Evaluation & Reporting)http://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/ssl/caliper.html

– Provide objective product performance information to the public in the early years, helping buyers and specifiers have confidence that new SSL products will perform as claimed

– Guide the development, refinement, and adoption of credible, standardized test procedures and measurements for SSL products

– Evaluate Performance Characteristics including:• Light Output & Distribution• Color Qualities• Electrical Characteristics• Reliability (Thermal Management & Lumen Depreciation)

Approved CALiPER Laboratories

CALiPER Testing LaboratoriesIndependent testing laboratories that participate in CALiPER testing must be pre-qualified based on a number of factors and must

satisfactorily complete round-robin testing verification following LM-79 testing standards for integrating sphere and/or goniophotometric testing of SSL luminaires and lamps. Prequalified labs must enter in a contract for CALiPER testing (renewed annually). Additional CALiPER testing may also be performed at NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) or at PNNL (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory) as needed.

Independent Laboratories Prequalified for CALiPER ParticipationGamma Scientific – San Diego, CA (round-robin verification pending)Independent Testing Laboratories, Inc. – Boulder, CO Lighting Research Center; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute – Troy, NY (integrating sphere only) Lighting Sciences, Inc. – Scottsdale, AZ Luminaire Testing Laboratory, Inc. – Allentown, PA OnSpeX/CSA International – Atlanta, GA (integrating sphere only) Orb Optronix, Inc. – Kirkland, WA (round-robin verification pending)

Laboratories Qualified, Verified, and Contracted for 2008 CALiPER LM-79 TestingIntegrating SphereIndependent Testing Laboratories, Inc. – Boulder, CO Intertek - Cortland, NYLuminaire Testing Laboratory, Inc. – Allentown, PA Lighting Sciences, Inc. – Scottsdale, AZOnSpeX/CSA International – Atlanta, GAGoniophotometryIndependent Testing Laboratories, Inc. – Boulder, CO Intertek - Cortland, NYLuminaire Testing Laboratory, Inc. – Allentown, PA Lighting Sciences, Inc. – Scottsdale, AZ

Key Standards Development Drivers

ASSIST Program

Alliance for Solid-State Illumination Systems and Technologieshttp://www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/solidState/ASSIST/index.asp

• Established in 2002 by LRC to advance the effective use of energy- efficient solid-state lighting and to speed its market acceptance.

• Provides educational, research, and demonstration tools to advance and promote LED technology.

Key Standards Development Drivers

New Standards Released in 2008

IESNA LM-79-08 - Approved Method for the Electrical and Photometric Testing of Solid- State Lighting Devices(Applies to both LED Luminaires and LED Light Sources to be used in retrofit or replacement scenarios. Does not cover LED Modules, LED Packages or Individual LEDs)

“Absolute Photometry” vs. “Relative Photometry”

• Total Luminous Flux (lumens)• Luminaire Efficacy (lm/W) • Color (Chromaticity, CCT, CRI)• Intensity Distribution

New Standards Released in 2008

ANSI C78.377-2008 Specifications for the Chromaticity of Solid-State Lighting Products

• Specifies recommended chromaticity (color) ranges for White LED’s, including Correlated Color Temperatures for SSL Products such as LED Luminaires & Integrated LED Lamps

• For General Indoor Applications

New Standards Released in 2008

IESNA LM-80-08 - Approved Method for Measuring Lumen Maintenance of LED Light Sources(Applies to LED Arrays, Packages, & Modules only, not Luminaires)

• Provides test method for Lumen Maintenance (L70 Hours = Time to 70% Lumen Maintenance)

• Operation of LED Light sources between photometric measurements shall be at three case temperatures:

55C, 85C, and XX (mfrs choice)• Test Duration: Minimum of 6,000 hours with measurements at 1,000 hour intervals

**NOTE: Standard does not provide guidance regarding predictive estimations or extrapolation. IES TM-21-xx which is currently under development will address this.

Additional Standards

IESNA RP-16-05 Addendum aProvides industry-standard definitions for terminology, nomenclature, and definitions, as they pertain to Solid-State Lighting.

IESNA TM-16-05 Technical Memorandum which provides a general description of LED Devices and Systems, and answers questions regarding the use of LEDs.

CIE 127:2007Addresses measurement of individual LEDs including luminous intensity, total luminous flux, color quantities, and spectroradiometric measurements.

Standards Under Development

High-Power LED’s: CIE TC-xx & IESNA LM-xx NIST working on:

- Test method to evaluate Junction Temperature (Tj)

- IESNA Project for Approved Method for Electrical & Photometric Measurements of High-Power LED’s.

CIE TC1-69 Color Rendition by White Light Sources

ANSI C82.SSL1 Operational Characteristics and Electrical Safety of SSL Power Supplies and Drivers

New ENERGY STAR Criteria Released in 2008

• DOE’s Solid-State Lighting Luminaire Program version 1.1- Specific criteria for definitive types of solid-state lighting products.

• EPA Residential Light Fixture Program- Expanded scope to include decorative fixtures utilizing LED Light Engines

- Version 4.3 Draft Now Available for Review & Comment

ENERGY STAR Criteria(www.energystar.gov/led)

DOE and EPA Release Joint Statement

“The administration is aware of issues with regard to Energy Star criteria for Solid State Lighting products and is committed to addressing these issues and working with program stakeholders to continue to build on the success of the Energy Star program and the benefits it provides in reducing energy use and avoiding emissions of greenhouse gases. Specifically, the EPA and DOE will resolve outstanding issues regarding interagency coordination and division of responsibilities within 45 calendar days.”

Solid-State Lighting Program

How to Create a Performance Test Plan

Create the Performance Test Plan that is Right for You

Qualifying Questions

• What is the intended application of your SSL Product?

• To what type of environment will it be subjected?

• Are there any inherent product design characteristics that concern you?

• What product performance characteristics are most important to purchasers, specifiers, and end-users?

• How do you plan to distinguish your SSL Product from your competition?

What Type of Performance Testing Best Suit Your Needs?

R&D TESTING- New Design Evaluation

SUPPLIER VERIFICATION TESTING- Evaluate Alternate Components/Materials- Monitor your supply chain

CLAIMS VERIFICATION- Support your product’s marketing claims- Gain approvals for performance-based programs

COMPARISON TESTING- Evaluate your product vs. your competition

Create the Performance Test Plan that is Right for You

Specific Tests to Consider

Photometry & Color Testing

Typical Test IESNA LM-79 Report Includes:

• Luminaire Efficacy, Minimum Light Output, Zonal Lumen Density• Color Measurements (CCT, CRI, Chromaticity) and Electrical

Measurements• Spectral Distribution over visible wavelengths (mW/nm)• Absolute Intensity Candlepower (cd) Summary table• Isocandela Plot• Luminance Summary table• Illuminance – Cone of Light Plot• Illuminance – Isofootcandle Plot• Illuminance – Roadway Isofootcandle Plot

(if streetlight)• Picture of sample• IES File• Lumen Maintenance per IESNA LM-80-08

Electrical, Mechanical, & Environmental Testing

• Electrical Tests (Current, Wattage, PF, THD)• Transient Protection & Surge• Electronic Noise / EMC / RFI• Vibration Testing• Mechanical Shock & Impact Testing• Corrosion / Salt Fog Testing• Dust Testing• Moisture Testing• Humidity Testing• Failure Analysis

Other Important Test Considerations

TEMPERATURE• Temperature plays a critical role in the

overall performance of LED Products, and over time can effect:– Light Output – Color or Wavelength– Life / Longevity of the Product

• Poor Thermal Design leads to the possibility of decreased lumen maintenance, color shift, and other reliability issues.

• IESNA LM-80-08 addresses thermal effects on Lumen Maintenance by testing at three various case temperatures.

Enclosure Testing per IEC 60529

Ingress Protection TestingEnsures your product will withstand varying degrees of Moisture and Dust Intrusion.

First Number Second NumberIP 0x - No Protection IP x0 - No ProtectionIP 1x - Objects > 50mm IP x1 - Vertically Dripping WaterIP 2x - Objects > 12mm IP x2 - 75 to 90 Degrees Dripping WaterIP 3x - Objects > 2.5 mm IP x3 - Sprayed WaterIP 4x - Objects > 1 mm IP x4 - Splashed WaterIP 5x - Dust Protected (Vacuum) IP x5 - Water JetsIP 5x - Dust Protected (Non-Vacuum) IP x6 - Powerful Water JetsIP 6x - Dust Tight IP x7 - Effects of Immersion

IP x8 - Indefinite Immersion

Performance Testing - The Key to Success for the entire SSL Industry…..and You!!

Substantiate Your SSL Product Quality Through Performance Testing:

– Improve Overall Product Quality• Minimize Product Failures• Minimize Warranty Issues• Evaluate Your Supply Chain

– Differentiate Your Product from Your Competition

– SAVE MONEY!!!!! (No Re-Tooling, Re- Design, Packaging, Shipping, Handling)

– Increase Consumer Confidence in Your Product(s) SELL MORE PRODUCT!!!!!

Thank You

Questions / Inquiries?

Todd StrakaDirector – Lighting ServicesIntertekE-Mail: todd.straka@intertek.com