Periodic Table

Alabama Course of Study

• 3.) Determine the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons, and the mass of an element using the periodic table.

• 3.1 Locating metals, nonmetals, metalloids, and noble gases on the periodic table

• 3.2 Using data about the number of electrons in the outer shell of an atom to determine its reactivity

Mendeleev

• Russian chemist• Saw a pattern to

elements• Arrange a table

in order of increasing atomic mass

Shiny/ dull

Conduct Electricity

Conduct Heat

Malleable /Brittle

Ductile

Example

Metal

Nonmetal

Metalloid

3 main categories of Elements•Three main categories of

elements are Metals, Nonmetals, and metalloids.–Metals- shiny, and they conduct heat energy and electric current

–Nonmetals-do not conduct heat or electric current and are dull in color

–Metalloids- have properties of both metals and nonmetals

More details•Metals-shiny, good conductors, malleable, and ductile.

•Nonmetals-dull, poor conductors, brittle, and unmalleable.

•Metalloids- catch-all category or a category that has all the left-overs.

General Terms•Periodic Law- repeating chemical

and physical properties of elements change periodically with the atomic numbers of the elements

•Period- a horizontal row of elements

•Group- vertical row of elements

Metal, Nonmetals, and Metalloids on a Periodic Table

• Metals are to the left of the staircase• They are the elements in tan

• Nonmetals are found to the right of the staircase except Hydrogen• They are in the light blue

• Metalloids- are along the staircase except Aluminum• They are in the green, teal color

Parts of a Periodic Table

Hydrogen is in its own group on the chart with one electron

Group 1Alkali Metals are in the yellow color on this table Characteristics-Electrons in the outer level-1

Most Reactive so they must be stored in oil

Group 2Alkaline-Earth Metals are in the light green color Characteristics-Electrons in the outer level-2 Very Reactive but less than alkali

Groups 3-12Transition Metals are in the green color in the center Characteristics-Electrons in the outer level-1 or 2

3rd Most reactive group

Group 13Boron Group is in the teal color on this table Characteristics-Electrons in the outer level-3

4th most reactive

Lanthanides- Purple on table/ shiny in color and reactiveActinides- Blue on table/ do not occur in nature and are man-made

Group 14Carbon Group is in the light blue color on this table Characteristics-Electrons in the outer level- 4 5th most reactive

Group 15Nitrogen Group is in the tan color on this table Characteristics-Electrons in the outer level- 5

6th most reactive

Group 16Oxygen Group is in the orange color on this table Characteristics-Electrons in the outer level- 6

7th most reactive

Group 17 Halogens are in the Red color on this table Characteristics-Electrons in the outer level-7

2nd least reactive

Group 18Noble gases are in the Pink color on this table Characteristics-Electrons in the outer level- 8

Least reactive

Using the info answer the Question

• As the number of electrons increase so does the _____________.

• As you move from left to right in the groups, the number of outside electrons ____________. (increase or decrease)