Periodic Table

Periodic Table• Arrangement of elements• Arranged by– Periods

• Rows• Same number of electron shells• 7 Total

– Groups• Columns • Same number of valance electrons (electrons in outer shell)• 18 Total

– Families• Similar chemical properties• Examples: Alkali Metals, Alkaline metals, Transition Metals, Rare Earth

Elements, Halogens, Noble Gases

• Hydrogen and Helium– Special Elements

Periods and Groups• Periods– Rows – 7 Total

• Groups– Columns – 18 Total

Elements are Grouped By Type• Metals– Majority of Elements– Solid and Shiny– Conduct Electricity and

Heat• Nonmetals– 17 (includes hydrogen)– Liquid/Gas– Brittle

• Metalloids– Either side of the staircase– Semimetals

Families• Elements in each family have similar properties• Alkali Metals – Group 1 (no H)• Alkaline Earth Metals – Group 2• Transition Metals - Groups 3 – 12• Rare Earth Metals – Parts of Periods 6-7• Halogens – Group 17• Noble Gases – Group 18

Elements• Symbol– Used to identify

element– Not always first letter– Sometimes Latin Name

• Ex. Gold = Au = Aurum

• Atomic Number– # of Protons– # of Electrons

• Atomic Mass– # of Protons minus the

# of Neutrons

Element Practice

• Fill in the blanks below.• Phosphorus– Symbol: ________– Atomic Number: ________– Atomic Mass: ________– Protons: ________– Neutrons: ________– Electrons: _________

Element Practice

• Fill in the blanks below.• Phosphorus– Symbol: P– Atomic Number: 15– Atomic Mass: 31– Protons: 15– Neutrons: 31-15 = 16– Electrons: 15