periodic table - flippedoutscience.com€¦ · •the periodic table is designed to help you...
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Periodic Table
8.5C interpret the arrangement of the periodic table, including groups and periods, to explain how properties are used to classify elements https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1TfPDlA1xE
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A Little Periodic Table History…
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History of the Periodic Table
• Dmitri Mendeleev, a Russian scientist born in Siberia in 1834, is known as the father of the periodic table of the elements
• The periodic table is designed to help you predict chemical and physical properties of elements
Key points are underlined, you might want to write them down!
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Elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number on the periodic table
Big Science Idea
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Element Location• Elements are located in three main categories on the periodic table
based on their physical properties
• Metals
• Nonmetals
• Metalloids
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Physical Properties
• Physical properties can be observed or measured without changing the composition of matter.
• Physical properties are used to observe and describe matter.
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Examples of Physical Properties
Color/Texture
Malleable – Can be pounded/rolled into a shape
Mass – How much matter is in an object
Ductile – Can be stretched into a long wire
Density – How tightly mass is packed into an object
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Metals, Nonmetals, & Metalloids
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MetalsMost elements are metals. The 88 elements to the left of the
stairstep (or zig-zag) line are metals or metal-like elements.
Physical Properties of Metals:
– Luster (shininess)
– Good conductors of heat and electricity
– High density (heavy for their size)
– High melting point
– Ductile
– Malleable
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Metals
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Properties of Metals Demo
•Watch this!
Metals can be hit, bent or stretched because they are malleable and ductile.
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Video on PT and Metals
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0pdRxrmgRoQ
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Check Point Question!
When you crush a steel can for recycling for stomping on it, it collapses down but does not fall apart or shatter. What is the best explanation for this?
• When force is applied the metal undergoes its brittle property
• When force is applied the metal is malleable and can be re-shaped
• When force is applied the metal undergoes its ductile property
• When force is applied the new shape makes it easier to recycle
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Nonmetals
Nonmetals are found to the right of the stair-step line. Their characteristics are opposite those of metals.
• Physical Properties of Nonmetals:
• No luster (dull appearance)
• Poor conductor of heat and electricity
• Brittle (breaks easily)
• Not ductile
• Not malleable
• Low density
• Low melting point
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Nonmetals
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Metalloids
Elements on both sides of the zigzag line have properties of both metals and nonmetals. These elements are called metalloids.
Physical Properties of Metalloids:
• Solids
• Can be shiny or dull
• Ductile
• Malleable
• Conduct heat and electricity better than nonmetals but not as well as metals
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Metalloids
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Scientists organize elements according to their physical and chemical properties
Big Science
Idea
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How to Read the Periodic Table
• The Periodic table is designed to help you predict what an element's physical and chemical properties are
• You can also predict what elements will bond with each other
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Elements are arranged:Vertically into Groups (also called Families)
Horizontally Into Periods
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If you looked at one atom of every element in a group you would see…
Why?
Each atom has the same number of electrons in it’s outermost shell.
Think back to the Bohr Model…
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For example: The group 2 atoms all have 2 electrons in their outer shells
Be (Beryllium)
Atom
Mg (Magnesium) Atom
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Valence Electrons
• Effect the way an atom bonds, which determines many of the chemical properties of the element, including reactivity• Atoms can have anywhere between 1 and 8 valence electrons
• This is why elements within a group usually have similar chemical properties
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Check point!Potassium has properties most similar to which of these elements?
• Lithium (Li)
• Beryllium (Be)
• Calcium (Ca)
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Chemical Properties
• A chemical property is a characteristic that is observed when a substance changes into a different substance.
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Examples of Chemical Properties
Reactivity – undergoes a chemical reaction
Corrosion –destruction of metals
Oxidation – rusting or tarnishingFlammable – capable of
igniting
Combustible – capable of igniting at higher temps
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Each group has distinct properties
• The periodic Table is divided into several groups based on the properties of different atoms
For example…
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Alkali Metals
Soft, silvery colored
metals
Very reactive!!!
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uixxJtJPVXk
Reactions with water!
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Another checkpoint!