PERIODIC TABLE

Metals, Non-Metals, & Metalloids; Groups / Families & Periods

The Periodic Table

Periodic Table

Dmitri Mendeleev

- published first periodic table in 1869

- arranged elements according to atomic mass

Henry Moseley

- arranged the periodic table for today

- arranged elements according to atomic number

METALS Left side of the

Periodic Table Less than 4

electrons in outer orbit

Give away electrons when forming bonds

(+ ions)

METALS

Have a luster = shiny often gray in color. Are malleable – Can be bent or

pounded into shape without breaking Are ductile – Can be formed into wire Are good conductors of heat and

electricity

Examples of Metals

NON-METALS Opposite of Metals Right side of the

stair step line More than 4

electrons in their outer orbit

Take electrons when forming bonds (- ions)

NON-METALS

Have a dull finishAre brittle and powderyAre not ductile – can’t be made into

a wireAre poor conductors of heat and

electricity

Examples of Non Metals

METALLOIDS Elements have

properties of metals and nonmetals

Found along the stair step line on the Periodic Table

Examples of Metalloids

Boron

Element Song

Want to hear a cool song????

Groups / Families

Groups or families are the vertical columns on the periodic table.

These elements have the same number of electrons in their outer orbits.

They also have many characteristics in common.

The group IIa elements; beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, & barium. They are called the Alkali Earth Metals.

Groups / Families

Which elements are these?upper left – magnesium

lower right - calcium

What do they have in common?The same number of electrons in their outer orbit.

Alkali Metal Family

Each has only one electron in it’s outer orbit

Soft metals that rapidly corrode when exposed to air

React violently with water Part of many common salts

Alkaline Earth Metals Have 2 electrons in

their outer orbits. Highly reactive and

corrosive metals. Magnesium is found

in abundance in sea water.

Calcium is important for bones and teeth.

Transition Metals –Groups 3-12 Form colorful compounds Have various properties – less reactive

Groups / FamiliesGroup VIIa is the Halogen

family; fluorine, chlorine, bromine, & iodine.

What do all of these elements have in common?Each has 7 electrons in its outer orbit.

What characteristics do they have in common?All are very toxic and used as germ killers.

Halogens

pale yellow gasgreen gasdark red liquid, orange to bromine vapourvery dark grey solid,

purple vapour

black solid, very dark vapour

 Selected Properties of the Group 7 Halogens 

Symbol and

Name

Atomic Number

Electron arrangement

State and color at room

temperature, color of vapor when heated

Melting point

Boiling point

F Fluorine 9 2.7

-220oC, 53K

-188oC 85K

Cl Chlorine 17 2.8.7

-101oC, 172K

 -34oC, 239K

Br Bromine 35 2.8.18.7

-7oC, 266K 59oC, 332K

I Iodine 53 2.8.18.18.7

114oC, 387K

185oC, 458K

At Astatine 85 2.8.18.32.18.7

302oC 575K

337oC 610K

Noble or Inert Gases

Have full outer orbits. Are gases at room

temperature. They rarely form

compounds. Inert!! Helium is the second

most abundant element in the cosmos.

Periods Periods are the horizontal rows on the periodic table.

Elements in the same period have the same number of orbits containing electrons.

These elements do not have many other characteristics in common.

Lanthanides First row at bottom of periodic table

– Rare elements found in the Earth– Used in lamps, lasers, magnets, and motion picture

projectors.

Silvery-white metals that tarnish when exposed to air Relatively soft metals. High melting points and boiling points. Very reactive. Burn easily in air. At elevated temperatures, many rare earths ignite

and burn vigorously. Their compounds glow strongly under ultraviolet light.

Actinides Second row at bottom of periodic table

– Most are synthetic (man-made)– Most are radioactive. – The metals tarnish readily in air. – Actinides are very dense metals– They react with boiling water and release

hydrogen gas. – Actinides combine directly with most

nonmetals.