periodic table properties
TRANSCRIPT
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Periodic Table PropertiesMetals vs. Nonmetals
Electron Configurations Valence Electrons
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Metals vs. Nonmetals
AppearanceConductivity
of heat & electricity
State of Matter Other
Metals shiny good tend to be solids
malleable (can be hammered)
ductile (can be drawn into
a wire)
Nonmetals dull poorgases,
solids, and a liquid
brittle
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Valence Electrons
• Valence electrons are responsible for an element’s chemical properties.
• Valence electrons - electrons in the outermost energy levels (highest energy levels) that are gained, lost, or shared to form chemical bonds.
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Mg 1s22s22p63s2
ValenceElectrons(electrons in the highest energy level)
12Draw this
diagram!
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Valence Electrons• Must always be in the s and p orbitals
which means there is a maximum of 8 valence electrons for any element.
• Valence shell - the region of space occupied by the valence electrons
• Core electrons - electrons interior to the valence electrons (lower energy levels)
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Determine Valence Electrons
Ti: Br: Ba: S: Pb:
Valence ElectronsElectron Configuration
We will do these in class. Just write this part out!
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How many valence electrons do all transition metals have?
Family Valence Electrons
1A 1
2A 2
3A 3
4A 4
5A 5
6A 6
7A 7
8A 8
The 1A-8A naming system indicates the numberof valence electrons in a family!
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Transition metals have 2 valence electrons from the s sublevel.
They never make it to the p sublevel of their period.
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Dot StructuresValence e- can be represented with dots around the chemical symbol.
Think north, south, east, west. Fill in each direction before doubling up!
F CB7 valence e- 3 valence e- 4 valence e-
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Practice Dot StructuresMg
S
Ar
Li
He
We will do these in class. Just write this part out!
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Octet Rule• Atoms tend to gain, lose, or share
electrons to have a stable octet and have the same electron configuration as the nearest noble gas!
• Usually that equals 8 valence electrons (unless near helium then it equals 2 valence electrons).
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Ionic Charge
• Metals tend to lose electrons and become positively charged to form an octet
• The charged metal is a “cation”
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Ionic Charge
• Nonmetals tend to gain electrons and become negatively charged to have a stable octet
• The charged nonmetal is an “anion”
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Ionic Charge TrendFamily Ionic Charge Trend
alkali metals +1
alkaline earth metals +2
boron family +3
carbon family (nonmetals) -4
nitrogen family (nonmetals) -3
oxygen family (nonmetals) -2
halogens -1
noble gases no charge