Periodic Table Trends

Atomic Radius•Half the distance between the nuclei of

two identical atoms bonded together

Atomic Radius

Atomic Radius

•Across a Period= DECREASES▫As you add more protons, the attractive

force of the nucleus increases, pulling electrons in more closely

•Down a Group=INCREASES▫As you add more energy levels, the size of

the electron cloud increases

Which of the elements would have the largest radius?  

13-Aluminum

14-Silic

on

17-Chlorine

12- Magnesiu

m

16-Sulfu

r

0% 0% 0%0%0%

1. 13-Aluminum2. 14-Silicon3. 17-Chlorine4. 12- Magnesium 5. 16-Sulfur

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Ionization Energy

•The energy required to remove one electron from a neutral atom.▫High I.E. – Harder to lose

electrons▫Low I.E. –Easier to lose

electrons

Ionization Energy

Ionization Energy

•Across a Period=INCREASES▫Electrons are closer to nucleus, therefore

harder to remove•Down a Group=DECREASES

▫Electrons are farther from the nucleus, therefore easier to remove

Which element would have the lowest ionization energy?

20%

20%

20%

20%

20%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

1. 20- Calcium2. 56- Barium3. 4- Beryllium4. 38- Strontium5. 12-Magnesium

Electron Affinity•The energy released when a neutral atom

acquires an electron.•Elements that really want another

electron tend to release more energy (higher E.A.)

Across a period= INCREASESDown a group= DECREASES

Electronegativity•The ability of an atom to attract electrons•The most electronegative element is

fluorine

Across a Period= INCREASESDown a Group= DECREASES

Which of the elements would have the highest electronegativity?  

13-Aluminum

14-Silic

on

17-Chlorine

12- Magnesiu

m

16-Sulfu

r

0% 0% 0%0%0%

1. 13-Aluminum2. 14-Silicon3. 17-Chlorine4. 12- Magnesium 5. 16-Sulfur

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Ionic Radius•Cations- Smaller than atomic radius•Anions- Larger than atomic radius

Which of the following would have the larger radius?  

17-Chlorine

17-Chlorine Io

...

0%0%

1. 17-Chlorine2. 17-Chlorine Ion

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Which of the following would have the larger radius?  

11-Sodium

11-Sodium Io

n

0%0%

1. 11-Sodium2. 11-Sodium Ion

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Which of the following would have the smaller radius?  

3-Lith

ium

3-Lith

ium Ion

0%0%

1. 3-Lithium2. 3-Lithium Ion

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

METALS vs NONMETALS• METALLIC CHARACTER• Lower I.E. (tend to lose e-)• Lower E.N. (don’t want e-)• High Luster (shiny!)• Good Conductors• Malleable and Ductile

• MOST METALLIC ELEMENT:

• NONMETALLIC CHARACTER

• High I.E. (don’t want to lose e-)

• High E.N. (tend to gain e-)• Dull (no luster)• Poor Conductors• Brittle as solids

• MOST NONMETALLIC ELEMENT:

Francium Fluorine

Which of the elements would be the least reactive metal?  

13-Aluminum

14-Silic

on

17-Chlorine

12- Magnesiu

m

16-Sulfu

r

0% 0% 0%0%0%

1. 13-Aluminum2. 14-Silicon3. 17-Chlorine4. 12- Magnesium 5. 16-Sulfur

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Which of the elements would be the most reactive nonmetal?  

13-Aluminum

14-Silic

on

17-Chlorine

12- Magnesiu

m

16-Sulfu

r

0% 0% 0%0%0%

1. 13-Aluminum2. 14-Silicon3. 17-Chlorine4. 12- Magnesium 5. 16-Sulfur

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

37-Rubidium would have all of the following characteristics except?

High

Conductivity

High

Malle

ability

High

Brittleness

Solid

at Room Tempera

ture

1 Valence El

ectron

0% 0% 0%0%0%

1.High Conductivity2.High Malleability3.High Brittleness4.Solid at Room Temperature5.1 Valence Electron

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

35-Bromine would have which one of the following characteristics?

High

Conductivity

High

Malle

ability

High

Brittleness

Solid

at Room Tempera

ture

7 Valence El

ectrons

0% 0% 0%0%0%

1.High Conductivity2.High Malleability3.High Brittleness4.Solid at Room Temperature5.7 Valence Electrons

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30