PeriodizationEarly Middle Ages: 500 1000

High Middle Ages: 1000 1250

Late Middle Ages: 1250 - 1500

Europe in the 6c

The Medieval Catholic Church filled the power vacuum left from the collapse of the classical world. monasticism: St. Benedict Benedictine Rule of poverty, chastity, and obedience. provided schools for the children of the upper class. inns, hospitals, refuge in times of war. libraries & scriptoria to copy books and illuminate manuscripts. monks missionaries to the barbarians. [St. Patrick, St. Boniface]

The Power of the Medieval Church bishops and abbots played a large part in the feudal system. the church controlled about 1/3 of the land in Western Europe. tried to curb feudal warfare only 40 days a year for combat. curb heresies crusades; Inquisition tithe 1/10 tax on your assets given to the church. Peters Pence 1 penny per person [paid by the peasants].

A Medieval Monks Day

A Medieval Monastery: The Scriptorium

Illuminated Manuscripts

Romanesque Architectural Style Rounded Arches. Barrel vaults. Thick walls. Darker, simplistic interiors. Small windows, usually at the top of the wall.

Charlemagne: 742 to 814

Charlemagnes Empire

Pope Crowned Charlemagne Holy Roman Emperor: Dec. 25, 800

The Carolingian Renaissance

Carolingian Miniscule

The Rise of European Monarchies: England

Charlemagnes Empire Collapses: Treaty of Verdun, 843

FeudalismA political, economic, and social system based on loyalty and military service.

Carcassonne: A Medieval Castle

Parts of a Medieval Castle

The Road to KnighthoodKNIGHT

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Chivalry: A Code of Honor and Behavior

The Medieval Manor

Life on the Medieval ManorSerfs at work

William the Conqueror: Battle of Hastings, 1066 (Bayeaux Tapestry)

EnglandWilliam of Normandyaka William the Bastardaka William the Conquerorcrowned King in 1066formed a new society that merged Norman and Anglo Saxon cultures.implemented a censusimproved the tax base of the country.

Evolution of Englands Political System Henry I: Williams son. set up a court system. Exchequer dept. of royal finances. Henry II: established the principle of common law throughout the kingdom. grand jury. trial by jury.

Evolution of Englands Political System Henry I: Williams son. set up a court system. Exchequer dept. of royal finances. Henry II: established the principle of common law throughout the kingdom. grand jury. trial by jury.

Magna Carta, 1215 King John I Runnymeade (or Runnymede) Great Charter monarchs were not above the law kings had to consult a council of advisors kings could not tax arbitrarilywrit of habeas corpus, allowing appeal against unlawful imprisonment.

The Beginnings of the British Parliament Great Council: middle class merchants, townspeople [burgesses in Eng., bourgeoisie in Fr., burghers in Ger.] were added at the end of the 13c. eventually called Parliament. by 1400, two chambers evolved: House of Lords nobles & clergy. House of Commons knights and burgesses.

The Rise of European Monarchies: France

France987 last Carolingian monarch died987 to 1328 House of Capet reigns1180 Phillip Augustus ascended to the throne and waged war against England for being in France.Phillip the Fair (1285-1314) class representatives were chosen to meet with the KingRepresentatives became the Estates General.

Gothic Architectural Style Pointed arches. High, narrow vaults. Thinner walls. Flying buttresses. Elaborate, ornate, airier interiors. Stained-glass windows.Flying Buttresses

Pope Urban II: Preaching a Crusade

Setting Out on Crusade

Christian Crusades: East and West

Medieval Universities

Oxford University

Late Medieval Town Dwellings

Medieval Trade

Medieval GuildsGuild Hall Commercial Monopoly: Controlled membership apprentice journeyman master craftsman Controlled quality of the product [masterpiece]. Controlled prices

Medieval Guilds: A Goldsmiths Shop

Crest of a Coopers Guild

Peasant LifePeasant life changed drastically from 1000-1500 AD.The barter system was being phased out, and a new money oriented system aroseMany independent hamlets were deserted for newly formed cities and communitiesPopulation was growing rapidlyAgricultural inventions aided in farming.

Holy Roman EmpireWaging war against Italy so they could join and become a vast empireFredrick I was defeated in 1176.Fredrick II continued the fight against northern Italy with opposition from the Pope.The continuing problems in Italy made the HRE never have a strong central government like England or France. It was being run by German princes.Italy and Germany both did not unify until the 19th century

CrusadesIn 1095, Pope Urban II called for the recapture of Holy lands( Jerusalem) from the Muslims.For 200 years following there were constant religious wars that fought over the rights to the Holy LandsBoth the Muslims and the Christians lost huge amounts of followers, and many questioned the motives for the struggle.

Decline of The ChurchIn the 13th century the papacy saw the height of its power, but soon after the church lost much of its influence and respect.One reason for the decline of the popes power was the refusal of monarchies to recognize the church as the dominate figure in the state.After a Frenchmen was crowned Pope, he moved from Rome to Avignon, France, because he claimed that Rome was unsafe with all of the civil wars raging. This move severely declined the prestige of the Papacy.

The Great SchismThe controversy over where the Pope should live and who was actually the Pope hit a breaking point. The Italians voted in an Italian pope but the French bishops refused to see him as the Pope. So they elected a French PopeIt went on until 1417, when a church council in Switzerland voted in a new Pope that was acceptable to both parties.

Education and SocietyThe first European University was founded in Bologna, Italy. Men form all around came to learn.Theology became the most important subject matter to educated men. The study of many scholastics such as Sir Thomas Aquinas and Aristotle were very popular.During the high middle ages society faced many setbacks such as: weather change, violent storms, never ending rain, and most devastating was the Black Death.

The Black DeathFirst case of it was reported in 1347Started in Italy and went all the way to Russia.One quarter of the population was killed in Europe. The rapid decline left land and animals uncared forThe loss of manpower raised the prices for food and goods. This caused unrest with the oppressed peasants.

The Hundred Years WarThe war actually last 116 years, but saw large periods of no fighting at all.In the 13th century the English still had one part of France, Gascony. Soon Phillip VI of France invaded Gascony. This gave England an excuse to attack all of France and claim the throne. The see-saw war suddenly came into French favor after victories in Aquitaine and Normandy in 1453. These wins caused the English to leave. France had now consolidated their land

What nationalities made up the Soviet Union?

UkrainiansRussianEstoniansHungariansGermansGeorgiansArmeniansBosniansSlovaksCzechsPolishCroatiansTurksUzbeksMongols (Tatars)Kazaks

What nationalities made up the Soviet Union?RussianGermanCzechsSlavsHungariansJewsLithuaniaPolishUkrainianRomaniansAlbanianBosnians