peripheral blood prof. dr. xiaoxun xie 2006. 9 * a specialized form of c.t. * a circulating tissue *...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Peripheral Blood Prof. Dr. Xiaoxun Xie 2006. 9 * a specialized form of C.T. * a circulating tissue * as a transporting medium * a total volume about](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bfa51a28abf838c97a75/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Peripheral Blood
Prof. Dr. Xiaoxun Xie 2006. 9
![Page 2: Peripheral Blood Prof. Dr. Xiaoxun Xie 2006. 9 * a specialized form of C.T. * a circulating tissue * as a transporting medium * a total volume about](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bfa51a28abf838c97a75/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
* a specialized form of C.T.
* a circulating tissue
* as a transporting medium
* a total volume about 5 liters
in health adult
INTRODUCTION
![Page 3: Peripheral Blood Prof. Dr. Xiaoxun Xie 2006. 9 * a specialized form of C.T. * a circulating tissue * as a transporting medium * a total volume about](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bfa51a28abf838c97a75/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Components of blood
* Formed elements------blood cells (45%)
* Intercellular substance------plasma (55%)
ErythrocytesLeukocytes
Platelets
H2O ( 90% )Plasma proteins: albumin, globulin, fibrinogen, etc.Others:
![Page 4: Peripheral Blood Prof. Dr. Xiaoxun Xie 2006. 9 * a specialized form of C.T. * a circulating tissue * as a transporting medium * a total volume about](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bfa51a28abf838c97a75/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
血液的组成centrifugation ( 离心 )
------- plasma
Leukocytes + Platelets
-------- Erythrocyte (Red blood cell)
anticoagulant (heparin)
![Page 5: Peripheral Blood Prof. Dr. Xiaoxun Xie 2006. 9 * a specialized form of C.T. * a circulating tissue * as a transporting medium * a total volume about](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bfa51a28abf838c97a75/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
血块、血清
—Serum
—Clotting
without anticoagulant
![Page 6: Peripheral Blood Prof. Dr. Xiaoxun Xie 2006. 9 * a specialized form of C.T. * a circulating tissue * as a transporting medium * a total volume about](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bfa51a28abf838c97a75/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Mature Erythrocyte
* biconcave disc shape, providing greater surface area;
* no nucleus and organelles;
* Hemoglobin ( Hb );
* deformability.
Blood smear
SEM
![Page 7: Peripheral Blood Prof. Dr. Xiaoxun Xie 2006. 9 * a specialized form of C.T. * a circulating tissue * as a transporting medium * a total volume about](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bfa51a28abf838c97a75/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Peripheral Blood Prof. Dr. Xiaoxun Xie 2006. 9 * a specialized form of C.T. * a circulating tissue * as a transporting medium * a total volume about](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bfa51a28abf838c97a75/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
* not fully mature RBC
* 0.5 1% of a total number
of RBC
* no nucleus
* ribosomal RNA remnants (netlike structure)
* remaining Hb synthesis
* Clinic significance
Reticulocyte
![Page 9: Peripheral Blood Prof. Dr. Xiaoxun Xie 2006. 9 * a specialized form of C.T. * a circulating tissue * as a transporting medium * a total volume about](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bfa51a28abf838c97a75/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Peripheral Blood Prof. Dr. Xiaoxun Xie 2006. 9 * a specialized form of C.T. * a circulating tissue * as a transporting medium * a total volume about](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bfa51a28abf838c97a75/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
* Function of mature erythrocytes:gaseous transport
* lifespan of erythrocytes:120 days
* Size: 7.5 ~8.5µm (diameter)
* Number:
Male: 4.2~5.5×1012/ L (Hb: 120~150g/L)
Female: 3.5~5.0 ×1012/ L (Hb: 105~135g/L)
![Page 11: Peripheral Blood Prof. Dr. Xiaoxun Xie 2006. 9 * a specialized form of C.T. * a circulating tissue * as a transporting medium * a total volume about](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bfa51a28abf838c97a75/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Pathological conditions
Number
Size
Shape
Hb
Anemia Erythrocytosis
Spherocytosis; Sickle cell anemia
Thalassemia (地中海贫血)
Large / small cell anemia
![Page 12: Peripheral Blood Prof. Dr. Xiaoxun Xie 2006. 9 * a specialized form of C.T. * a circulating tissue * as a transporting medium * a total volume about](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bfa51a28abf838c97a75/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Sickle-cell anemia is a painful disease in which RBCs become crescent shaped due to inheritance of an abnormal type of hemoglobin. Sickled RBCs break down, releasing hemoglobin into the circulation.
![Page 13: Peripheral Blood Prof. Dr. Xiaoxun Xie 2006. 9 * a specialized form of C.T. * a circulating tissue * as a transporting medium * a total volume about](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bfa51a28abf838c97a75/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Normal RBC Sickled RBC
![Page 14: Peripheral Blood Prof. Dr. Xiaoxun Xie 2006. 9 * a specialized form of C.T. * a circulating tissue * as a transporting medium * a total volume about](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bfa51a28abf838c97a75/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Peripheral Blood Prof. Dr. Xiaoxun Xie 2006. 9 * a specialized form of C.T. * a circulating tissue * as a transporting medium * a total volume about](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bfa51a28abf838c97a75/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Typically, the affected RBCs are small, spherically shaped, and lack the light centers seen in normal RBCs.
Spherocytosis
![Page 16: Peripheral Blood Prof. Dr. Xiaoxun Xie 2006. 9 * a specialized form of C.T. * a circulating tissue * as a transporting medium * a total volume about](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bfa51a28abf838c97a75/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
General characteristic of leukocytes
* spherical shape
* posses nuclei
* presence of organelles
* a total number less than that of erythrocytes
* exhibiting amoeboid movement
* involving in body defenses and immunity
![Page 17: Peripheral Blood Prof. Dr. Xiaoxun Xie 2006. 9 * a specialized form of C.T. * a circulating tissue * as a transporting medium * a total volume about](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bfa51a28abf838c97a75/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Peripheral Blood Prof. Dr. Xiaoxun Xie 2006. 9 * a specialized form of C.T. * a circulating tissue * as a transporting medium * a total volume about](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bfa51a28abf838c97a75/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Classification
*Granular leukocytes
neutrophils 5070%
eosinophils 0.53%
basophils 0 1%
*Agranular leukocytes
lymphocytes 2030%
monocytes 38%
![Page 19: Peripheral Blood Prof. Dr. Xiaoxun Xie 2006. 9 * a specialized form of C.T. * a circulating tissue * as a transporting medium * a total volume about](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bfa51a28abf838c97a75/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Neutrophil
Size : 10 12 µm (diameter)
Morphology
nucleus : highly morphonuclear
rod-like 2-3 lobulated 4-5 lobulated young old
cytoplasm :
specific granules: 80%, small
azurophilic granules: 20%, lysosome
Neutrophils
![Page 20: Peripheral Blood Prof. Dr. Xiaoxun Xie 2006. 9 * a specialized form of C.T. * a circulating tissue * as a transporting medium * a total volume about](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bfa51a28abf838c97a75/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
中性粒细胞 (血涂片)
NeutrophilsNeutrophils
Lobulated nuclei Rod-like nucleus
azurophilic granules
* fine, uniform* evenly distributed* pink staining
Charateristics of specific granules:
![Page 21: Peripheral Blood Prof. Dr. Xiaoxun Xie 2006. 9 * a specialized form of C.T. * a circulating tissue * as a transporting medium * a total volume about](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bfa51a28abf838c97a75/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Specific granules (80%, samll) contain:
* alkaline phosphatase
* phagocytin
* lysozyme
Azurophilic G. (large, less) containing:
* acid phosphatase
* Peroxidase Neutrophil (EM)
![Page 22: Peripheral Blood Prof. Dr. Xiaoxun Xie 2006. 9 * a specialized form of C.T. * a circulating tissue * as a transporting medium * a total volume about](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bfa51a28abf838c97a75/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Size: 10 12 µm (diameter)
LM:
- usually bilobed nucleus
- eosinophilic granules
* strong eosinophilia (reddish)
* coarse and refractile
* uniform size and evenly distributed
Eosinophils
Characteristic
![Page 23: Peripheral Blood Prof. Dr. Xiaoxun Xie 2006. 9 * a specialized form of C.T. * a circulating tissue * as a transporting medium * a total volume about](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bfa51a28abf838c97a75/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
(电镜)Eosinophilic granules ( primary lysosomes )
which contain substances:
* acid phosphatase
* aryl sulphatase
* Peroxidase
* histaminase nucleus
Eosinophilic granules with
crystalloid in the center
(EM)
![Page 24: Peripheral Blood Prof. Dr. Xiaoxun Xie 2006. 9 * a specialized form of C.T. * a circulating tissue * as a transporting medium * a total volume about](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bfa51a28abf838c97a75/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Size: 10 12 µm (diameter)
LM:
nucleus:
lobulated; S or irregular;
obscured outline
cytoplasm: basophilic granules
* variable size
* uneven distribution
* strong basophilia
Characteristic
Basophil
![Page 25: Peripheral Blood Prof. Dr. Xiaoxun Xie 2006. 9 * a specialized form of C.T. * a circulating tissue * as a transporting medium * a total volume about](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bfa51a28abf838c97a75/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Basophil (EM)
Basophilic granules
contain:
* heparin
* leukotriene
* histamine
nucleus
![Page 26: Peripheral Blood Prof. Dr. Xiaoxun Xie 2006. 9 * a specialized form of C.T. * a circulating tissue * as a transporting medium * a total volume about](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bfa51a28abf838c97a75/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Neutrophils:
* ruffled membrane movement
* chemetaxis
* phagocytosis
Eosinophils: anti-parasite; anti-allergy
Basophils:
* anticoagulation;
* involving in allergic response
Function of granular leukocytes
![Page 27: Peripheral Blood Prof. Dr. Xiaoxun Xie 2006. 9 * a specialized form of C.T. * a circulating tissue * as a transporting medium * a total volume about](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bfa51a28abf838c97a75/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Size: 14 20 µm (diameter)
Nucleus: large, eccentric,
light staining,
deep indentation, horseshoe
cytoplasm : abundant , gray-blue staining,
weak basophilia,
numerous pink-purple granules (azurophilic G)
Monocyte
![Page 28: Peripheral Blood Prof. Dr. Xiaoxun Xie 2006. 9 * a specialized form of C.T. * a circulating tissue * as a transporting medium * a total volume about](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bfa51a28abf838c97a75/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: Peripheral Blood Prof. Dr. Xiaoxun Xie 2006. 9 * a specialized form of C.T. * a circulating tissue * as a transporting medium * a total volume about](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bfa51a28abf838c97a75/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Small pseudopodia , microvillus, mitochondrion
RER,
Lysosomes (azurophilic granule) contain:
* Peroxidase
* Acid phoshpatase
* Lysozyme
(EM 模式图)
nucleus
Monocyte under EM
![Page 30: Peripheral Blood Prof. Dr. Xiaoxun Xie 2006. 9 * a specialized form of C.T. * a circulating tissue * as a transporting medium * a total volume about](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bfa51a28abf838c97a75/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Function of monocyte
- differentiate into macrophages.
- phagocytose
- immune response
- give rise to osteoclasts, which
are able to dissolve bone.
![Page 31: Peripheral Blood Prof. Dr. Xiaoxun Xie 2006. 9 * a specialized form of C.T. * a circulating tissue * as a transporting medium * a total volume about](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bfa51a28abf838c97a75/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Size: 6 20 µm (diameter),
small / medium / large
nucleus : a round, densely stained nucleus
cytoplasm:
a relatively small amount of cytoplasm,
pale basophilic (?)
some azurophilic granules
Lymphocyte
![Page 32: Peripheral Blood Prof. Dr. Xiaoxun Xie 2006. 9 * a specialized form of C.T. * a circulating tissue * as a transporting medium * a total volume about](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bfa51a28abf838c97a75/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: Peripheral Blood Prof. Dr. Xiaoxun Xie 2006. 9 * a specialized form of C.T. * a circulating tissue * as a transporting medium * a total volume about](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bfa51a28abf838c97a75/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
* a large number of free ribosomes,
* a few mitochondria, and other organelles
* exhibiting small cytoplasmic
projections in the
surface of cells.
(EM 模式图)
nucleus
Lymphocyte under EM
![Page 34: Peripheral Blood Prof. Dr. Xiaoxun Xie 2006. 9 * a specialized form of C.T. * a circulating tissue * as a transporting medium * a total volume about](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bfa51a28abf838c97a75/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Function of Lymphocytes:
T LC: cellular immunity
B LC: plasma cells
humoral immunity
![Page 35: Peripheral Blood Prof. Dr. Xiaoxun Xie 2006. 9 * a specialized form of C.T. * a circulating tissue * as a transporting medium * a total volume about](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bfa51a28abf838c97a75/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Blood Platelets (thrombocytes)
• fragments of megakaryocytes
• no nucleus
• cytoplasm: two zones: - outer hyalomere hardly stains, cytoskeletal f. ( actin & myosin)
- inner granulomer * bluish staining granule * Some other organelles
![Page 36: Peripheral Blood Prof. Dr. Xiaoxun Xie 2006. 9 * a specialized form of C.T. * a circulating tissue * as a transporting medium * a total volume about](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bfa51a28abf838c97a75/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
![Page 37: Peripheral Blood Prof. Dr. Xiaoxun Xie 2006. 9 * a specialized form of C.T. * a circulating tissue * as a transporting medium * a total volume about](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bfa51a28abf838c97a75/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Function of Platelets
• body's first line of defense to prevent blood loss. • secretion of chemical platelet factors into the blood plasma.
fibrinogen fibrin
Blood cells +fibrils
(insoluble protein)
clot
![Page 38: Peripheral Blood Prof. Dr. Xiaoxun Xie 2006. 9 * a specialized form of C.T. * a circulating tissue * as a transporting medium * a total volume about](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bfa51a28abf838c97a75/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
platelets
thrombinogen
coagulated factor
thrombin
Function of blood platelets
fibrinogenfibrin
blood vessel
![Page 39: Peripheral Blood Prof. Dr. Xiaoxun Xie 2006. 9 * a specialized form of C.T. * a circulating tissue * as a transporting medium * a total volume about](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bfa51a28abf838c97a75/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Cell Diameter
(µm )
Population
number
Lifespan
(day)
Erythrocyte 7.5 3.5~5.0 ×1012/ L 120
Platelet 3 2- 4 ×1012 /µl 4-6
Monocyte 17 3-8% of WBC long
Lymphocyte 6-8 20-30% of WBC variable
Neutrophil 10-12 60-70% of WBC 1-4
Eosinophi 10-12 2-4% of WBC 1-4
Basophil 10-12 0.1-1% of WBC 1-4
Peripheral Blood Cells
![Page 40: Peripheral Blood Prof. Dr. Xiaoxun Xie 2006. 9 * a specialized form of C.T. * a circulating tissue * as a transporting medium * a total volume about](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bfa51a28abf838c97a75/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Slides review
![Page 41: Peripheral Blood Prof. Dr. Xiaoxun Xie 2006. 9 * a specialized form of C.T. * a circulating tissue * as a transporting medium * a total volume about](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bfa51a28abf838c97a75/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
![Page 42: Peripheral Blood Prof. Dr. Xiaoxun Xie 2006. 9 * a specialized form of C.T. * a circulating tissue * as a transporting medium * a total volume about](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bfa51a28abf838c97a75/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Summary table. Erythrocyte & leukocyte
Erythrocyte(mature) Leukocyte
Number
Size
Shape
Nucleus
Organelle
HB
Granules
Function
Lifespan
biconcave disc sphere
non present
![Page 43: Peripheral Blood Prof. Dr. Xiaoxun Xie 2006. 9 * a specialized form of C.T. * a circulating tissue * as a transporting medium * a total volume about](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bfa51a28abf838c97a75/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)