permaculture present uvodno

8/18/2019 Permaculture Present Uvodno

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Introduction to Permaculture


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Overview

• Introduction

• My start in sustainability

•

Growth, sustainability, and the collision course• Permaculture

– Definitions

–

Examples – Permaculture resources


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Introduction

• Brett Andrzejewski, Bachelors and Ph.D.Chemical Engineering – UNM

• Post-Doc USDA in biofuels program

• Algae-biodiesel venture capital competition

• Provisional patent on concentrated solarthermal

• Current searching for a way to makesustainability/environmental restorationeconomically viable


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My Start in Sustainability

•

As an undergraduate chemical engineer, myfuture job will be transforming oil into

valuable products, how much oil is left?


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Resource Peaking

Applies to oil, coal, phosphorous, industrial ores and metals, water, soil, land conversion, etc.

More information: Dr. Robert Hirsch, Dr. Colin Campbell, Matthew Simmons, Dr. RichardHeinberg, Dr. Chris Martenson, Dr. Tad Patzek, and many more

Time

E x t r a c t i o n / P r o d u c t i o

n

r a t e


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Growth and Sustainability

• We have a growth based:

– Economic system

– Political system

– Industrial system

– Cultural training

• We live on a finite planet


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Need for a New System

Waste accumulation(Climate change) Resource depletion

Economicgrowth


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Renewables Quantity and Quality

Photograph of sweet sorghum test plot after

Hurricane Lee

Theoretical EROEI ~ 6:1 Actual ? Liquid fuel

Spanish solar industryTheoretical EROEI ~ 30:1 Actual ~ 5:1

Electrical power

Palo Verde nuclear plant

Theoretical EROEI ~ 30:1 Actual ?Electrical power Ref: Personal calculations, scientific literature, ASPO, Post-Carbon Institute

Algae photobioreactor

Theoretical EROEI ~ 30:1 Actual ? Liquid fu


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Life-Cycle Analysis

• All inputs and outputs are considered

• Current economic system many inputs and

outputs are neglected as “externalities”

Externalities of a solar panel:

Clean room infrastructure, cadmium contaminated water, copper

mining for wires, diesel fuel for transportation


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Additional Information

• Dr. Robert Hirsch – Peaking of World Oil

Production: Impacts, Mitigation and Risk

Management

• Dr. Chris Martenson- The Crash Course

• Dr. Richard Heinberg - The Party’s Over

• Dr. Guy McPherson – climate change lectures

• Dr. Albert Bartlett – The Exponential Function

lecture


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An Adult Conversation

• As engineers/scientists we are educated and

trained to be the problem solvers of society


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Sustainability MovementsPermaculture


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Permaculture

In Australia back in the 1970’s:

• Bill Mollison – left society and came back

• David Holmgren – graduate student

Design science based on observation and feedbackfor sustainable living

Portmanteau: “permanent agriculture”

“permanent culture”


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Other sustainable movements

• Transition towns• Cradle-to-Cradle design

• Steady state economics

• Sustainable cities

•

Conservation biology• Post-carbon movement

• Zeitgeist movement

• Homesteading

• Community Supported Agriculture (CSA)

• Earthship homes

• Slow foods/Slow movement

• Bhutan’s Gross National Happiness (GNH)

• Many more …


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Principles of Permaculture


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Sustainability and Permaculture

Typical image of sustainability


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Permaculture Topics

• Culture, living and interacting

• Growing food & fuel

• Animal interactions

• Natural building

• Natural medicines

• Rainwater harvesting

• Renewable energy

• Managed intensive rotational grazing

• Biomimicry (modeling systems after nature)

• And much, much more


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Permaculture Key Concepts

1. Care of the Earth

2. Care of people

3. Return the surplus to # 1 and 2


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Design Science

• Observation

• Methods of Design – Zones, layers, cycles, sectors, guilds

•

Pattern understanding – Matrices, modeling, boundary conditions, dimension

and potential

• Energy

•

Plants, animals, climate, soil,• Reference nature (biomimetic)

• Polyculture


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Zones

• Zone 0: Home/living space

• Zone 1: daily visits

•

Zone 2: weekly visits• Zone 3: monthly visits

• Zone 4: Semi-wild occasionally visit

• Zone 5: Wilderness (no disturbance)


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Layers

1. Canopy

2. Understory

3. Shrubs4. Herbaceous

5. Ground

6. Root7. Climber/vine


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Sectors

Time progression


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Unsustainable agricultural practices


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Question

What is the number 1 export of the United States?

Topsoil

At current rates of topsoil loss all the top soil will be gone in 60 years,

Ref: Time magazine “What if the World’s Soil Runs Out?”

G D B l


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Great Dust Bowl


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Sicily

• During the Roman Republic and Empire, Sicily the Roman

breadbasket, lost most of its topsoil.• It took ~1000 years after the collapse of the Roman Empire for

Sicily to rebuild its topsoil.

Ref: Collapse: How societies choose to fail or succeed, Diamond 2005

Libya

Egypt

Algeria


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Fertile Crescent

Palynologists (pollen scientists) say area used to be a forest/grassland/wetlands before agriculture

Over grazing

Over irrigation (leads to saline soils)River diversion, dams and hydropower

Erosion

Ref: Collapse: How societies choose to fail or succeed, Diamond 2005

Nature e isode Bravin Ira PBS WGBH Boston

Aral Sea


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1989 2008

Aral Sea

Before and after cotton farming

2 rivers were

diverted for

industrial

agriculture

starting in 1960


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Loess Plateau - China

At the start of agriculture one China’s most fertile areas: heavily forested, rich soils

Intense agriculture, overgrazing, and deforestation have resulted the desert above

Ethi i


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Ethiopia


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Examples of Permaculture

for environmental restoration andsustainability


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Loess Plateau - ChinaHighly recommend watching:

Green Gold by John D. Liu

Feng et al., Nature Scientific Reports 3, 2013

96.1 Terragrams of carbon

sequestered!

96.1 billion kilograms of

carbon

1995

2009

J d V ll J d


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Jordan Valley - Jordan

November 2013

E hi i


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Ethiopia

2000

2006

Same hillside, but viewpoint

not the same


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Niger

Date unknown

Date unknown + 3 years


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My Backyard (Brother’s)

Feb 2013 Apr 2014


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Big names in Permaculture

• Bill Mollison• David Holmgren

• Geoff Lawton

• Masanobu Fukuoka

• Sepp Holzer

• Toby Hemenway

• Allan Savory

• Brad Lancaster

• Dr. Elaine Ingham

• Paul Wheaton

• Michael Pollan

• Joel Salatin


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Local Resources for Permaculture

• Ampersand Sustainable Learning Center – Madrid

• Soilutions – Albuquerque

• Permaculture Research Institute – Santa Fe

• Santa Fe Permaculture – Santa Fe

• Dry Land Solutions – Albuquerque/Santa Fe

• San Isidro Permaculture – Santa Fe

• La Orilla Farms – Albuquerque


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Additional Resources for Permaculture

• Permaculture: A Designers Manual

• Gaia’s Garden: A guide to Home-scale

Permaculture

• www.permies.com

•

Permaculture Design Course (PDC)


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Conclusion

• Presented the need for an alternative way of

thinking

• Introduction to Permaculture

– One solution of many

• Examples and resources for Permaculture


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Thanks

Peru

Jordan

Spain

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