Perpetual Motion Machines

Presented by Chris Wong

“Change in the internal energy of a system is equal to the amount of energy added by heating the system minus the amount lost as a result of the work done by the system on the surroundings.”

The First Law of Thermodynamics

Entropy of an isolated system not in equilibrium will increase over time to approach a maximum value at equilibrium

Differences in temperature, pressure, and chemical potential even out in a physical system that is isolated from the outside world.

The Second Law of Thermodynamics

Perpetual Motion movement that goes

on forever any device or system

that perpetually (indefinitely) produces more energy than it consumes, resulting in a net output of energy for indefinite time

Developed by Johann Bessler (1680 – 1745)The Orffyreus Wheel

The Other Orffyreus Wheel

“With the exception of cases involving perpetual motion, a model is not ordinarily required by the Office to demonstrate the operability of a device. If operability of a device is questioned, the applicant must establish it to the satisfaction of the examiner, but he or she may choose his or her own way of so doing.”

“A rejection [of a patent application] on the ground of lack of utility includes the more specific grounds of inoperativeness, involving perpetual motion.”

United States Patent and Trade Office

Trying to test the laws of physics

Ideas:◦ Gravity

Overbalanced wheel

◦ Magnets Electromagnet levitation to eliminate friction

Why keep trying?

Failed Proposals

The Overbalanced Wheel The Float Belt