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Person-Centered

orClient-

Centered Therapy Carl Rogers

Person-Centered or Client Centered Therapy

Rogers was able to bring together elements of his personal experience and influence of other theorists into a theory.

The person-center or non-directive therapist seeks to understand, accept and clarify the feeling of the client.

In Person-Centered Therapy, the therapist simply attempts to get the person talk about his problems, with the idea that the talking, aided by warmth and friendliness, will help him work them out.

The responsibilities for growth, however, rest solely in the hands of the client. This is called client-centered, since it is the client who is in control, who determines what will happen and where he will go.

Person-Centered or Client-Centered therapy may relieve some of the client’s emotional conflicts, so that he may function at higher level of efficiency in trying to solve his own problems. The client may then be better able to perceive and accept and deal with facts which are readily obtainable but which he has previously over looked or refused to face.

Purpose

This therapy is to help the person become self aware so that he can change his own behavior and improve his self – concept. It reduce anxiety, tension and defensiveness by providing a non-judgmental environment.

Technique

Person-Centered Therapy begins with counselor’s explanation of the roles he and the client will play in order to work out the patient’s difficulties together. He puts no pressure on the patient to follow any prescribed course, does not criticize nor judge what the patient express his feelings thatwere formerly repressed. The primary technique is the reflection of feeling w/c inclueds:

Clarification Summarization

Restatement

Clarification

This makes things more transparent, more intelligible to the therapist and client. The client can then verbalize his approval, amendment, or rejection. Sometimes, clarification brings out feelings which lies beneath the conversational level. When clarification is used as reflection, this response can serve as a mirror in which the client can see his feelings and attitudes being reflected.

Example:

Client : She is close-minded. No matter what I do or say, she does not listen to me... She sticks to her own beliefs.

Therapist: You seem to feel that she does not all understand you.

Restastement

This is a verbatim repetition of what the client has said. As he hears his own statement, he receive accurate feedbacks of his own words and this gives him an opportunity to clarify or reiterate for emphasis.

Example:

Client: Oh! I don’t know. I mean, I read fast enough, but I can’t

understand fully well what I read.

Therapist: You read fast enough, but you don’t comprehend enough.

Summarization

This is a brief review of ideas/feelings expressed by client. It is a synopsis, a bird’s eye view after a long monologue.

Example:

Client: I’m tires of talking about my grades. I’m sure they will never get any better.

Therapist: You want to stop talking about your grades. I wonder if I can remember some things we’ve talked about today. You told me that your teacher and your parents are not happy about your low grades in Math. You also told me that you get good grades in Arts, nut nobody thinks Art is important. Let’s see, what else did we tak about today?

Seasoned therapist agree that the theraputic success depends not on the technical training or skills of the therapist, but primarily on the presence of certain attitudes in the therapist. Such attiduses as:

Genuineness

Empahtic understanding

Unconditional acceptance or positive regard

Gunuineness

The therapist is endeavoring to be what he is during his encounter with his client.

This means that he must not deny to himself the feelings which he is experiencing at the moment, that he is willing to acknowledge any persistent feelings, positive or negative, that exists within him in the relationship and the communicate these to his clients.

Emphatic Understanding

Empathy implies that the therapist is completely at home in the Universe of the client. For instance, if the therapist’s ability to sense the client. For instance, if the therapist’s ability to sense the client’s fear, confusion, angr, or rage allows him to feel these emotions as if these were feelings that the therapist himself might possess, but is not currently expreincing, then the essence of accurate empathy develops.

Unconditional Acceptance orPositive Regards

This means that the therapist accepts the client as he is and has no preconceptions as to what the outcomes of the therapy should be.

Where this Process of Therapy may be Applied.

1. Individuals who have learned certain values during their early childhood which have cause them to be untrue to themselves.

2. Individuals who do things that are innately satisfying to themselves but cause others to reject or become angry with these kinds of clients.

Therapy Goals

1. To provide an environment conducive to client self-exploration so that he will be relatively free from internal anxiety.

2. To enable the client to move toward openess to experience greater trust in self, thereby grow and mature and develop into fully functioning individual.

Person-Centered/Client Therapy Procedure

1. Listen carefully to the client.

2. Respond to the client using the skills of reflection of feeling, paraphasing, and summarization.

3. Encourage the client to ventilate his feeling freely.

4. Attend to the client’s non-verbal as well as verbal behavior, being as genuine, real, and caring as possible in the relationship.

5. Summarize what the client has said, including a check-out.